Level 1 - 40 Questions (Set 1)

Ultrasonic Testing Method (General)

1. A device that transforms electrical pulses into mechanical and vice versa utilizes:
a. Snell's law
b. piezoelectric principles
c. mode conversion principles
d. none of the above
2. Another name for Fresnel zone is:
a. Fraunhoferzone
b. near field
c. far field
d. Torrid zone
3. Attenuation is a:
a. test display characteristic
b. test material parameter
c. transducer characteristic
d. form of testing
4. 25 million cycles per second can also be stated as:
a. 25 kHz
b. 2500 kHz
c. 25 MHz
d. 25 nHz
5. Moving a transducer over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to
as:
a. scanning
b. attenuating
c. angulating
d. resonating
6. A term used in ultrasonic to express the rate at which sound wave pass trough various
substances is:
a. frequency
b. velocity
c. wavelength
d. pulse length

7. The indication on the instrument display that represents the far boundary of the material
being tested is called:
a. hash
b. the initial pause
c. the main bang
d. the back surface reflection
8. Sweep range echo amplitude display on CRT is an illustration of a typical for:
a. A-scan presentation
b. B-scan presentation
c. C-scan presentation
d. D-scan presentation
9. Plan View mapping showing variation of thickness is an illustration of a typical:
a. A-scan presentation
b. B-scan presentation
c. C-scan presentation
d. D-scan presentation
10.Cross-section of weld display on CRT is an illustration of a typical:
a. A-scan presentation
b. B-scan presentation
c. C-scan presentation
d. D-scan presentation
11. An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the
test surface is called:
a. angle beam testing
b. immersion testing
c. contact testing
d. through-transmission testing
12. Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between:
a. 1 and 25 kHz
b. 1 and 1 000 kHz
c. 0.2 and 25 MHz
d. 15 and 100 MHz
13. In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents:
a. the amount of reflected ultrasonic sound energy
b. the distance traveled by the transducer
c. the elapsed time or distance
d. none of the above

14. The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called:

a. angulation
b. calibration
c. attenuation
d. correlation
15. Another name for a compressional wave is:
a. Lamb wave
b. shear wave
c. longitudinal wave
d. transverse wave
16. Another name for Rayleigh waves is:
a. shear waves
b. longitudinal waves
c. transverse waves
d. surface waves
17. A material used between the face of a transducer and the test surface to permit
or improve
the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the transducer to the material being tested is
called:
a. a wetting agent
b. a couplant
c. an acoustic transmitter
d. a lubricant
18. Ultrasonic testing of material where the transducer is in direct contact with the material
being
tested may be:
a. straight beam testing
b. surface wave testing
c. angle beam testing
d. all of the above
19. The velocity of surface waves is approximately ___________ the velocity of shear
waves in the same material
a. two times
b. four times
c. 1/2
d. 9/10

20. Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best
resolving power?
a. 1 MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. l0MHz
d. 25MHz
21. In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as:
a. the initial pulse
b. the back reflection
c. the skip distance
d. the scan path
22. When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of
propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a:
a. longitudinal wave
b. shear wave
c. surface wave
d. lamb wave
23. When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of
propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a:
a. longitudinal wave
b. shear wave
c. surface wave
d. Lamb wave
24. A piezoelectric material can:
a. convert a longitudinal beam to a shear wave
b. convert an mechanical energy to electrical energy
c. create ionization in a test specimen
d. produce sound waves in a coaxial cable
25. The velocity of sound waves is primarily dependent on:
a. the pulse length
b. the angle of incidence
c. the material, material thickness, and UT frequency
signals on the display)
d. none of the above

26. The primary purpose of reference blocks is to:

a. aid the operator in obtaining maximum back reflections

(time

between

b. obtain the greatest sensitivity possible from an instrument

c. obtain a common reproducible signal
d. none of the above
27. When testing by the surface wave method, patches of oil or dirt on the surface may:
a. block the progress of all sound
b. attenuate the sound
c. have no effect on the test
d. cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen
28. The piezoelectric material in the transducer:
a. converts electrical energy into sound
b. converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
c. eliminates the signal-to-noise energy
d. produces high speed electrons in metals
29. The angle of incidence is:
a. greater than the angle of reflection
b. less than the angle of reflection
c. equal to the angle of reflection
d. not related to the angle of reflection
30. The gradual loss of sonic energy as the ultrasonic vibrations travel through the
material is referred to as:
a. reflection
b. refraction
c. reproducibility
d. attenuation
31. When testing a plate, increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave
results in:
a. an increase in its velocity
b. a decrease in its velocity
c. no change in its velocity
d. a reversal in its velocity
32. The depth of a discontinuity cannot be determined when using the:
a. straight beam testing method
b. through-transmission testing method
c. angle beam testing method
d. immersion testing method
33. "100 000 cycles per second" can be written:

a. 0.1 kHz
b. 10 kHz
c. 100 kHz
d. 100 MHz
34. The phenomenon whereby an ultrasonic wave changes direction when the wave
crosses a boundary between materials with different velocities is called :
a. refraction
b. reflection
c. penetration
d. rarefaction
35. In a test where the transducer is not perpendicular to the inspection surface, the angle
of incidence is equal to :
a. the angle of refraction
b. the angle of reflection
c. the shear wave angle
d. half the shear wave angle
36. Ultrasonic waves that travel along the surface of a material and whose particle motion
is elliptical are called:
a. shear waves
b. transverse waves
c. longitudinal wave
d. Rayleigh waves
37. The interference field near the face of a transducer is often referred to as the:
a. Fresnel zone
b. acoustic impedance
c. exponential field
d. phasine zone
38. When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles,
the ultrasonic wave mode within the part will be a:
a. longitudinal wave
b. shear wave
c. surface wave
d. Lamb wave
39. The formula used to calculate the angle of refraction within a material is called :
a. Fresnel's law
b. Fraunhofer's law
c. Snell's law

d. Lambs law
40. In a material with a given velocity, when frequency is increased, the wavelength will:
a. not be affected
b. increase
c. decrease
d. double

ANSWER TO GENERAL PAPER SET 1 (40 QUESTIONS)

1.B
11.A
21.A
31.C

2.B
12.C
22.A
32.B

3.B
13.C
23.B
33.C

4.C
14.B
24.B
34.A

5.A
15.C
25.C
35.B

6.B
16.D
26.B
36.D

7.D
17.B
27.A
37.A

8.A
18.D
28.B
38.B

9.C
19.D
29.C
39.C

10.B
20.D
30.D
40.C

UT Level 1 Trial Questions

Trial Examination: UT-Level I
Paper 1: 40 Questions
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Shear waves do not propagate in:

Solids
Gases
Liquids
Both B and C are correct

2.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Which of the following waves is only able to travel through a thin section of material?
A longitudinal wave
A shear waves
A surface wave
A lamb wave

3.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Artificial flaws can be produced by using:

Side drilled holes
Flat bottom holes
Edge notches
All of the above

4.
The ability to locate discontinuities that are close together within the material is
called:
a.
Resolution
b.
Sensitivity
c.
Effectiveness
d.
Phase delay
5.
What is the material called that is used to improve the transmission of ultrasonic
sound energy from the transducer into the part?
a.
Gel
b.
Goo
c.
Couplant
d.
Contact paste
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The ability to locate a small discontinuity is called:

Resolution
Sensitivity
Wavelength
Frequency

7.
When a wave encounters an interface at an oblique angle, what takes place at the
interface due to the different sound velocities of the two materials?
a.
Attenuation
b.
Refraction
c.
Beam spread
d.
Beam impedance

8.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The combined effect of scattering and absorption is called:

Shear factor
Propagation
Attenuation
Impedance

9.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The sound energy or ultrasonic beam is more uniform in the:

Far field zone
Near field zone
Interface between the transducer and plastic wedge
Band along the central axis

10. The measure of how a signal from a defect compared to other background
reflections is called:
a.
Acoustic impedance
b.
Signal to noise ratio
c.
Refraction
d.
Reflection
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Some transducers are specifically fabricated to be:

Better transmitters
Better receivers
Used in high temperature applications
All of the above

12.
b.
b.
c.
d.

The active element of most acoustic transducers used today is:

Lithium
Piezoelectric ceramic
Sulfide
Quartz

13. The area in front of a transducer where there are extensive fluctuations in the sound
field is called the:
a.
Far field zone
b.
Surface field zone
c.
Near field zone
d.
Phase shift zone
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.

In the transverse or shear wave, the particles:

Move in an elliptical pattern
Oscillate at a right angle to the direction of wave propagation
Oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation
Do not actually move

15.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Within a given material, the speed of sound:

Is constant
Decreases with distance from the transducer
Increases with distance from the transducer
None of the above

16. When an ultrasound wave passes through an interface between two materials at an
oblique angle, and the materials have different indices of refraction, it produces:
a.
Reflected waves
b.
Refracted waves
c.
Interface waves
d.
Both A and B
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Acoustic impedance is identified by the letter:

Z
I
V
P

18. In order to have a reasonable chance at detecting a discontinuity, the reflective

surface of the discontinuity must have a dimension that is at least as long as ________
wavelength.
a.
One-half
b.
One
c.
Two
d.
One-quarter
19. Couplant displaces the__________ and makes it possible to get more sound energy
into the test specimen.
a.
Surface rust
b.
Surface blemishes
c.
Sound energy
d.
Air
20.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Beam spread is greater when using:

High frequency transducers
Low frequency transducers
Angle beam transducers
Larger diameter transducers

21. Which type of screen presentation displays a profile or cross-sectional view of the
test specimen?
a.
A-scan
b.
B-scan
c.
C-scan
d.
All of the above
22. Which type of screen presentation displays a plan-type view of the location and size
of the test specimen features?
a.
A-scan
b.
B-scan
c.
C-scan
d.
All of the above
23.

Resolution generally increases:

a.
b.
c.
d.

With increased depth of a defect

With a decrease in the transducer frequency
When the transducer diameter is reduced
With an increase in transducer frequency

24.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The material of the reference standard used to setup for a flaw inspection:
Can be made from any material as long as the velocity is the same
Should be the same material being inspected
Must have the same impedance values as the base material
Can only be used once

25. When a longitudinal wave encounters an interface between two material with
different acoustic impedances, what occurs when the angle of incidence is 90 degrees?
a.
Reflection
b.
Refraction
c.
Mode conversion
d.
Reflection and refraction

26.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Which of the following would make a good couplant?

Water
Oil
Glycerin
All of the above

27. The act of evaluating and adjusting the precision and accuracy of the measurement
equipment is called:
a.
Standardization
b.
Calibration
c.
Accuracy
d.
Tuning
28.
a.
b.
c.
d.

As frequency increases, sound tends to:

Become more compressed
Scatter more from large or course grain structure
Convert to a different wave mode
Become more penetrating

29.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The first critical angle describes the condition where the:

The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is less than 90o
The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is exactly 90o
The angle of the refracted longitudinal wave is greater than 90o
The angle of the refracted shear wave is exactly 90o

30.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The number of cycles per second is the definition of:

Wave speed
Frequency
Hertz
None of the above

31.

Contact transducers are used for direct contact inspections, and are generally:

a.
b.
c.
d.

Used with an immersion tank

Used with an automated system
Used on complicated shaped parts
Hand manipulated

32. Which type of screen presentation displays the amount of received ultrasonic energy
as a function of time?
a.
A-scan
b.
B-scan
c.
C-scan
d.
All of the above
33. When performing a contact inspection on a curved surface, what pieced of
equipment can be used to improve coupling?
a.
A spherically focused transducer
b.
A cylindrically focused transducer
c.
A shaped shoe
d.
A large diameter transducer
34. What type of transducer contains two independently operating elements in a single
housing?
a.
Crystal mosaic transducer
b.
Dual/Twin element transducer
c.
Liquid crystal transducer
d.
Bi polar transducer

a.
b.
c.
d.

35. When a single element transducer is operating in the pulse echo mode, the element:
Can not start receiving reflected signals until the element has stopped ringing from its
transmit function
Needs to have a high pulse rate
Should be used in the dual mode
Can only be made with lithium sulfate
36.
a.
b.
c.
d.

The terms used to describe a techniques ability to locate flaws are:

Sensitivity and penetration
Space and time
Sensitivity and resolution
Frequency and size

37.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Longitudinal waves are also called:

Surface waves
Lamb waves
Compressional waves
Both B and C are correct

38.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Which of the following waves is able to follow a surface around a curve?

A longitudinal wave
A shear wave
A surface wave
A Lamb wave

39. Surface or Rayleigh waves traveling along the surface of relative thick solid material,
penetrate to a depth of approximately:
a.
One wavelength
b.
One-half wavelengths
c.
Two wavelengths
d.
Infinite wavelengths
40. What is used to support the active element and dampen the transducers
characteristics?
a.
Resin
b.
Oil
c.
Backing material with a similar the impedance of the transducer
d.
Any of the above will work

ANSWER TO TRIAL EXAM 40 QUESTIONS:

1.D
6.B
11.D
16.D
21.B
26.D
31.D
36.C

2.D
7.B
12.B
17.A
22.C
27.B
32.A
37.C

3.D
8.C
13.C
18.A
23.D
28.B
33.C
38.C

4.A
9.A
14.B
19.D
24.B
29.B
34.B
39.A

5.C
10.B
15.A
20.B
25.A
30.B
35.A
40.C