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Press and Shrink Fits
Press and Shrink Fits
Outer
Member
R
ri
Inner
Member
ro
ri
Text Eq. refers to Mechanical Engineering Design, 7th edition text by Joseph Edward Shigley, Charles
R. Mischke and Richard G. Budynas; equations with the prefix T refer to the present tutorial.
3. Referring to Fig. T4-17-1, the geometric features of the cylindrical parts are defined
as:
ri = the inside radius of the inner cylinder
R = nominal radius of internal outside radius and external inside radius after assembly
ro = outside radius of the outer cylinder
= radial interference
INSIDE CYLINDER
= pCit
p
r =R
o 2
2
R ri
( r )i r = R = po = p
( t )i
OUTSIDE CYLINDER
total = i + o
where,
Shigley, Mischke & Budynas
2/11
Ko =
ro2 + R 2
1
+
[Co + o ]
2
o =
2
ro R
Eo
Using the radius ratio form defined for the cylindrical pressure vessel
formulation, o = ro / R , we can define
o2 + 1
Co = 2
o 1
Note that the Co term is a function of geometry only, while the member constant
term Ko is a function of both geometry and material parameters. Similarly for the
inside member constant Ki,
Ki =
1
Ei
R 2 + ri2
1
2 2 i = [Ci i ]
R ri
Ei
i2 + 1
i2 1
total = [ K o + K i ] pR
Or, rearranging, the contact pressure, p, may be expressed as a function of the
interference without assumptions regarding material property values:
total
1
p=
Ko + Ki R
3/11
1. the maximum tangential and radial stresses in the hub and shaft when the
loosest fit is obtained;
2. the same as (a), except using the tightest fit as a condition.
Solution Methodology:
1. Using Table A-1-2 of this document, identify the diametral size ranges for the
shaft and the hole based on an ANSI US Customary Standard class FN4 fit
which is discussed below.
2. Calculate the interferences for the loosest and tightest fits.
3. Compute the interfacial pressure for the loosest and tightest fits.
4. For each fit, calculate the radial and tangential stresses for both the hub and
the shaft.
Schematic:
Shaft
Hub
Solution:
Text Eq. refers to Mechanical Engineering Design, 7th edition text by Joseph Edward Shigley, Charles
R. Mischke and Richard G. Budynas; equations with the prefix T refer to the present tutorial.
Largest Tolerance
(10-3 in.)
Smallest Tolerance
(10-3 in.)
+0.8
+2.3
0.0
+1.8
Hub hole
Shaft
The shaft and hub size ranges for a nominal 1 in. diameter are:
Largest Diameter
(in.)
Hub hole
Shaft
Smallest Diameter
(in.)
1.0008
1.0023
1.0000
1.0018
Hub hole
Shaft
Loosest Fit
Tightest Fit
1.0008
1.0018
0.0010
1.0000
1.0023
0.0023
The radial interferences are therefore = 0.0005 in. (loosest fit) and
= 0.001 15 in. (tightest fit). The interference is taken as a positive number by
convention. Consequently, the radial interferences for the two cases are:
= 0.0005 in. (loosest fit)
= 0.001 15 in. (tightest fit)
3. Interfacial Pressure
The interface pressure can be computed from Modified Eq. (4-60):
total
1
p=
Ko + Ki R
For this problem, the geometric features have been defined as:
ro =
d
1 in.
+t =
+ 0.5 in. = 1.0 in.
2
2
ri = 0.0
R=
d
= 0.5 in.
2
5/11
o =
ro
(1 in.)
=
=2
R (0.5 in.)
o2 + 1 (2) 2 + 1 5
=
= = 1.6667
o2 1 (2) 2 1 3
1
1
Ko =
[Co + o ] =
[1.667 + 0.292] = 6.5289 108 (1/psi)
6
Eo
( 30 10 psi )
Co =
i =
R
=
ri
i2 + 1
= 1.0
i2 1
1
1
K i = [Ci i ] =
[1.0 0.292] = 2.360 108 (1/psi)
6
Ei
( 30 10 psi )
Ci =
1 loosest fit
1
0.0005
=
ploosest fit =
8
8
6.5289 10 + 2.360 10 0.5
Ko + Ki R
= 11 250 psi (loosest fit)
For the tightest fit case:
1 tightest fit
1
0.00115
=
ptightest fit =
8
8
6.5289 10 + 2.360 10 0.5
K o + Ki R
= 25 875 psi (tightest fit)
4. Radial & Tangential Stress Calculations for Shaft and Hub:
Loosest Fit (p = 11 250 psi)
Hub:
r (r = R) = p = 11 250 psi
ro2 + R 2
= pCo = (11 250 psi)(1.6667) = 18 750 psi
ro2 R 2
Shaft: r (r = R) = p = 11 250 psi
t (r = R) = p
R 2 + ri 2
t (r = R) = p 2 2 = pCi = (11 250 psi)(1) = 11 250 psi
R ri
Tightest Fit (p = 25 875 psi)
Shigley, Mischke & Budynas
6/11
Hub:
r (r = R) = p = 25 875 psi
ro2 + R 2
= pCo = (25 875 psi)(1.6667) = 43 125 psi
ro2 R 2
Shaft: r (r = R) = p = 25 875 psi
t (r = R) = p
t (r = R) = p
R 2 + ri 2
= pCi = (25 875 psi)(1) = 25 875 psi
R 2 ri 2
Thus the shaft has equal radial and tangential stress for each tightness condition,
whereas, the hubs tangential stress is consistently higher than its radial stress for
both the loosest and the tightest condition.
Note: Since the shaft length is greater than the hub length, which is typical in
practice, this design case violates one of the assumptions of the interfacial
pressure development. In this case, there would be an increase in the interfacial
pressure at each end of the hub. This condition of increased interfacial pressure
would typically be accounted for by applying a stress concentration factor, Kt, for
stresses calculated at points at the end of the hub such as,
t actual = K t , tangential t
r actual = K t , radial r
7/11
Extracted from American Standard Limits for Cylindrical Parts ANSI B4.1-1978, with the permission of the
th
publishers, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, United Engineering Center, 345 East 47 Street, New
York 10017. Limit dimensions are tabulated in this standard for nominal sizes up to and including 200 in. An SI
version is also available.
8/11
0.00 - 0.12
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
+0.20
+0.10
+0.25
-0.10
+0.40
-0.30
+0.60
-0.30
+0.60
-0.60
+1.00
-0.60
+1.00
-1.00
+1.60
-2.50
+2.50
-4.00
-0.00
-0.25
-0.00
-0.30
-0.00
-0.55
-0.00
-0.70
-0.00
-1.00
-0.00
-1.20
-0.00
-1.60
-0.00
-3.50
-0.00
-5.60
0.12 - 0.24
+0.20
-0.15
+0.30
-0.15
+0.50
-0.40
+0.70
-0.40
+0.70
-0.80
+1.20
-0.80
+1.20
-1.20
+1.80
-2.80
+3.00
-4.50
-0.00
-0.30
-0.00
-0.35
-0.00
-0.70
-0.00
-0.90
-0.00
-1.30
-0.00
-1.50
-0.00
-1.90
-0.00
-4.00
-0.00
-6.00
0.24 - 0.40
+0.25
-0.20
+0.40
-0.20
+0.60
-0.50
+0.90
-0.50
+0.90
-1.00
+1.40
-1.00
+1.40
-1.60
+2.20
-3.00
+3.50
-5.00
-0.00
-0.35
-0.00
-0.45
-0.00
-0.90
-0.00
-1.10
-0.00
-1.60
-0.00
-1.90
-0.00
-2.50
-0.00
-4.40
-0.00
-7.20
0.40 - 0.71
+0.30
-0.25
+0.40
-0.25
+0.70
-0.60
+1.00
-0.60
+1.00
-1.20
+1.60
-1.20
+1.60
-2.00
+2.80
-3.50
+4.00
-6.00
-0.00
-0.45
-0.00
-0.55
-0.00
-1.00
-0.00
-1.30
-0.00
-1.90
-0.00
-2.20
-0.00
-3.00
-0.00
-5.10
-0.00
-8.80
0.71 - 1.19
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
+0.40
-0.30
+0.50
-0.30
+0.80
-0.80
+1.20
-0.80
+1.20
-1.60
+2.00
-1.60
+2.00
-2.50
+3.50
-4.50
+5.00
-7.00
-0.00
-0.55
-0.00
-0.70
-0.00
-1.30
-0.00
-1.60
-0.00
-2.40
-0.00
-2.80
-0.00
-3.70
-0.00
-6.50
-0.00
-10.50
1.19 - 1.97
+0.40
-0.40
+0.60
-0.40
+1.00
-1.00
+1.60
-1.00
+1.60
-2.00
+2.50
-2.00
+2.50
-3.00
+4.00
-5.00
+6.00
-8.00
-0.00
-0.70
-0.00
-0.80
-0.00
-1.60
-0.00
-2.00
-0.00
-3.00
-0.00
-3.60
-0.00
-4.60
-0.00
-7.50
-0.00
-12.00
1.97 - 3 .15
+0.50
-0.40
+0.70
-0.40
+1.20
-1.20
+1.80
-1.20
+1.80
-2.50
+3.00
-2.50
+3.00
-4.00
+4.50
-6.00
+7.00
-9.00
-0.00
-0.70
-0.00
-0.90
-0.00
-1.90
-0.00
-2.40
-0.00
-3.70
-0.00
-4.30
-0.00
-5.80
-0.00
-9.00
-0.00
-13.50
3.15 - 4.73
+0.60
-0.50
+0.90
-0.50
+1.40
-1.40
+2.20
-1.40
+2.20
-3.00
+3.50
-3.00
+3.50
-5.00
+5.00
-7.00
+9.00
-10.00
-0.00
-0.90
-0.00
-1.10
-0.00
-2.30
-0.00
-2.80
-0.00
-4.40
-0.00
-5.20
-0.00
-7.20
-0.00
-10.50
-0.00
-15.00
9/11
0.00 - 0.12
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
0.12 - 0.24
0.24 - 0.40
0.40 - 0.56
+0.25
+0.50
+0.40
+0.85
-0.00
+0.30
-0.00
+0.60
+0.30
+0.60
+0.50
+1.00
-0.00
+0.40
-0.00
+0.70
+0.40
+0.75
+0.60
+1.40
-0.00
+0.50
-0.00
+1.00
+0.40
+0.80
+0.70
+1.60
-0.00
+0.50
-0.00
+1.20
+0.40
+0.95
+0.60
+1.30
-0.00
+0.70
-0.00
+0.90
+0.50
+1.20
+0.70
+1.70
-0.00
+0.90
-0.00
+1.20
+0.60
+1.60
+0.90
+2.00
-0.00
+1.20
-0.00
+1.40
+0.70
+1.80
+1.00
+2.30
-0.00
+1.40
-0.00
+1.60
0.56 - 0.71
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
0.71 - 0.95
+0.40
+0.90
+0.70
+1.60
-0.00
+0.60
-0.00
+1.20
+0.50
+1.10
+0.80
+1.90
-0.00
+0.70
-0.00
+1.40
+0.70
+1.80
+1.00
+2.50
-0.00
+1.40
-0.00
+1.80
+0.80
+2.10
+1.20
+3.00
-0.00
+1.60
-0.00
+2.20
0.95 - 1.19
+0.50
+1.20
+0.80
+1.90
+0.80
+2.10
+0.80
+2.30
+1.20
+3.30
-0.00
+0.80
-0.00
+1.40
-0.00
+1.60
-0.00
+1.80
-0.00
+2.50
1.19 - 1.58
+0.60
+1.30
+1.00
+2.40
+1.00
+2.60
+1.00
+3.10
+1.60
+4.00
-0.00
+0.90
-0.00
+1.80
-0.00
+2.00
-0.00
+2.50
-0.00
+3.00
1.58 - 1.97
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
+0.60
+1.40
+1.00
+2.40
+1.00
+2.80
+1.00
+3.40
+1.60
+5.00
-0.00
+1.00
-0.00
+1.80
-0.00
+2.20
-0.00
+2.80
-0.00
+4.00
1.97 - 2.56
+0.70
+1.80
+1.20
+2.70
+1.20
+3.20
+1.20
+4.20
+1.80
+6.20
-0.00
+1.30
-0.00
+2.00
-0.00
+2.50
-0.00
+3.50
-0.00
+5.00
2.56 - 3 .15
+0.70
+1.90
+1.20
+2.90
+1.20
+3.70
+1.20
+4.70
+1.80
+7.20
-0.00
+1.40
-0.00
+2.20
-0.00
+3.00
-0.00
+4.00
-0.00
+6.00
3.15 - 3.94
+0.90
+2.40
+1.40
+3.70
+1.40
+4.40
+1.40
+5.90
+2.20
+8.40
10/11
-0.00
+1.80
-0.00
+2.80
-0.00
+3.50
-0.00
+5.00
-0.00
+7.00
3.94 - 4.73
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
Hole
Shaft
+0.90
+2.60
+1.40
+3.90
+1.40
+4.90
+1.40
+6.90
+2.20
+9.40
-0.00
+2.00
-0.00
+3.00
-0.00
+4.00
-0.00
+6.00
-0.00
+8.00
4.73 - 5.52
+1.00
+2.90
+1.60
+4.50
+1.60
+6.00
+1.60
+8.00
+2.50
+11.60
-0.00
+2.20
-0.00
+3.50
-0.00
+5.00
-0.00
+7.00
-0.00
+10.00
5.52 - 6.30
+1.00
+3.20
+1.60
+5.00
+1.60
+6.00
+1.60
+8.00
+2.50
+13.60
-0.00
+2.50
-0.00
+4.00
-0.00
+5.00
-0.00
+7.00
-0.00
+12.00
6.30 - 7.09
+1.00
+3.50
+1.60
+5.50
+1.60
+7.00
+1.60
+9.00
+2.50
+13.60
11/11
-0.00
+2.80
-0.00
+4.50
-0.00
+6.00
-0.00
+8.00
-0.00
+12.00