SHAPING

A SHAPER IS A TYPE OF MACHINE TOOL THAT

USES LINEAR RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN THE WORKPIECE
AND A RECIPROCATING SINGLE - POINT CUTTING
TOOL TO MACHINE A LINEAR TOOL PATH .

IT OPERATES BY THE
WHITWORTH Q UICK R ETURN M ECHANISM . A SHAPER IS
ANALOGOUS TO A PLANER , BUT SMALLER , AND WITH THE
CUTTER RIDING A RAM THAT MOVES ABOVE A STATIONARY
WORKPIECE , RATHER THAN THE ENTIRE WORKPIECE MOVING
BENEATH THE CUTTER .

WORKING
The workpiece mounts on a rigid, box-shaped table in front of the machine. The
height of the table can be adjusted to suit this workpiece, and the table can
traverse sideways underneath the reciprocating tool, which is mounted on the
ram. Table motion may be controlled manually, but is usually advanced by an
automatic feed mechanism acting on the feed screw. The ram slides back and
forth above the work. At the front end of the ram is a vertical tool slide that may
be adjusted to either side of the vertical plane along the stroke axis. This toolslide holds the clapper box and toolpost, from which the tool can be positioned
to cut a straight, flat surface on the top of the workpiece. The tool-slide permits
feeding the tool downwards to deepen a cut. This adjustability, coupled with the
use of specialized cutters and toolholders, enable the operator to cut internal
and external gear tooth profiles, splines, dovetails, and keyways.
The ram is adjustable for stroke and, due to the geometry of the linkage, it
moves faster on the return (non-cutting) stroke than on the forward, cutting
stroke. This action is via a slotted link or Whitworth link.

TYPES OF SHAPERS
1. BASED ON TYPE OF

MECHANISM EMPLOYED FOR THE MOVEMENT OF

THE CUTTING TOOL

CRANK

GEAR

HYDRAULIC

TYPE
The reciprocating ram is driven by crank mechanism. In this a single point
cutting tool is employed to do the operation. A crank is connected to the ram
and the bull gear to which the power is given through an individual motor.
These are most common type of shapers being used. The reciprocating length
of tool will be always is equal to the length of stroke.
TYPE
These are the rarely used shapers. In these shapers a rack and pinion are
employed the rack is attached to the lower part of the ram and on which the
pinion moves. The power is transmitted from the bull gear. A grain train is
engaged for the transfer of power from the bull gear to pinion.
TYPE
These shapers run on hydraulic power. The end of the ram is connected to a
piston fitted in to a cylinder. Oil is fed in to the cylinder initially the oil acts in
one direction and the ram moves in one direction. A varying pressure is
applied on the oil so as to obtain the reciprocating motion of the ram. One of
the main advantage of this shaper is a constant speed can be obtained from
the starting of the machining operation. There will be no fluctuations in the
cutting speed and stroke of the ram. Another important advantage of this
shaper is no sound will be produced hence a noise free environment can be
obtained.

2. ACCORDING TO POSITION
HORIZONTAL TYPE

AND MOVEMENT OF RAM

These shapers have the motion of ram along the horizontal axis. This type of
shapers is generally used for generation of fine and flat surfaces.

VERTICAL TYPE

TRAVELLING HEAD TYPE

In these shapers the tool containing ram has its motion in vertical direction.In
vertical shaper the ram may be crank driven, screw driven, gear driven, or
driven by hydraulic power. Vertical shaping machines finds many applications
in deep hole boring, machining internal surfaces, keyways, grooves etc.
vertical shaper has a very robust table which can have cross, longitudinal,
and rotational movement.
This type of shaper is generally employed for machining very large objects
that cannot be mounted on the table of the machine and cannot be moved. In

this machine the ram having reciprocating movement also provides crosswise
movement simultaneously such that the tool can cut the required shape on
the work piece.

3. BASED ON DESIGN OF THE

STANDARD SHAPER

WORK TABLE

In these shapers the table has only two movements i.e. vertical and
horizontal. The table may or may not be supported on the other end. These
are not generally used.

UNIVERSAL

SHAPER
In these shapers in addition to the above mentioned two movements of the
standard shaper it provides two more directions.
1) By swiveling the table about a axis ram ways.
2) The table can be tilted about an axis perpendicular to the 1st one
So due to these two features any operation at any angle can be performed
very easily. So due to these features the shaper is termed as a universal
shaper

4. BASED ON TYPE
PUSH TYPE

OF CUTTING STROKE EMPLOYED

it is one of the most commonly used shaper. In this the metal is removed
when the ram is moving away from the column. This type of shaper pushes
the work piece while removing the work piece away from it so this shaper is
called as push type shaper.

DRAW TYPE
It is just a converse of the push type shaper. In these machines the metal is
removed from the work piece when the ram is moving towards the column.
So due to this the work piece takes a force in the direction towards the
column of the work piece. Due to this action the forces over the column and
bearings are somewhat reduced. The tool is required to be mounted in
opposite direction to the normal conditions. The vibrations on machine
components are also damped to some extent.

KLOPP MODEL H-450

MADE IN GERMANY

Horizontal Shaper Machines

SPECIFICATIONS:
RAM STROKE
TABLE MOVEMENT

450

MM

HORIZONTAL

500

TABLE MOVEMENT VERTICAL

CARRIAGE MOVEMENT VERTICAL
TABLE SURFACE DIMENSIONS
HEIGHT FROM GROUND
NO. OF ADJUSTABLE SPEEDS
PLUNGER STROKES/MIN
TABLE FEED
TOTAL POWER REQUIREMENT
VICE SPAN
WEIGHT

350 MM
140 MM
450 X 315 MM
315 MM
6
15-160
0.2 4.0 MM /MIN
0, 7 KW
1900 X 1310 MM
1000 KG

USES OF SHAPER

MM

The most common use is to machine straight, flat surfaces, but with ingenuity and some
accessories a wide range of work can be done

Keyways in the boss of a pulley or gear can be machined without resorting to a

dedicated broaching setup.

Dovetail slides

Internal splines and gear teeth.

Keyway, spline, and gear tooth cutting in

It is even possible to obviate wire EDM work in some cases.

BLIND HOLES