NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF

FASHION TECHNOLOGY

ELEMENTS OF
END TERM
ASSIGNMENT

GUIDED BY: CURATED BY:

PROF. Mr. B. Banerjee MS. Ishika Shandilya
BFT/21/107

TOPIC: Cam and Follower Mechanism in automated lathe

 What is Cam?

A cam is a rotating element that gives oscillating or reciprocating motion to the

follower which is another element of this machine by direct contact.
This part is mainly used to transform the motion from rotary into linear to
another part. It is a part of a machine which can be a rotating wheel or a shaft
that strikes a lever’s various points at its circular path.

Types of Cams:
There are various types of cams available, that are listed below:

Disk or Plate Cam:

The disk (or plate) cam has not regular contour to transmit a specific
motion to the follower.

Cylindrical Cam:

The cylindrical cam has a groove in a cylindrical surface and the follower
runs on the cylindrical surface parallel to the axis of the cylinder.
Translating Cam:
Translating cam has a
grooved or contoured
plate and its follower
oscillate in the face of
the plate. The groove
or the contour has
specified the motion of
the follower.

Wedge
Cam:

The wedge cam has an angled

flat regular contour to impart a
specific motion of the follower.
Spiral Cam:

The spiral cam has a half-

circular or a spiral shaping
grooved contour, the cam
moves in reciprocating
motion and the follower
moves vertically to the
axis of the cam. 

Heart-shaped Cam:

This type of cam looks like an

asymmetric heart. It is mainly
used to return a shaft to hold
the cam to a set position by its
pressure from a roller.

What is a Follower?

A follower is a rotating or an oscillating element of a machine that follows the

motion of cam by direct contact.
If a cam moves in reciprocating motion the follower moves in vertically respect
to the axis of the cam.
This part of the machine is mainly following the cam which can be
reciprocating or oscillating in motion. It converts the rotary motion of cam into
reciprocating or oscillating motion.

Types of Followers:
There were various types of followers which are bellowed:

Knife-edge Follower:

This type of follower has a sharp area of

contact with the cam. This is the simplest
among all of the followers and these kinds
of followers are not in use in the case of
fast application, because of its sharp edge.

Roller Follower:

This type of follower is mainly used in high-

speed operation because it has a smooth
contact with the surface. This type of
follower has less wear and tear as compared
to the other followers.

Flat-faced Follower:

This type of follower looks like a flat

surface with an irregular cam. This type of
cam is used when the space is limited and
this follower can resist more side thrust.
This follower can also be used in a
precision application.
 Spherical Follower:

This type of follower has a curved but

regular follower as well as cam. This is
a modification of a flat-faced follower.

Radial Follower:

In this type of follower, the line of movement

passes through the centre of the camshaft.
Mainly the movement of the follower is in line.
The follower is in a reciprocating motion.

Offset Follower:

In this type of follower, the movement of the

axis of the follower is not colinear with the
cam axis.

Working Principle of Cam and Follower:

The working principle of Cam and Follower

depends on the mechanism of the combination of both Cam and Follower.

Cam Mechanism:
Cam is a mechanical component which is a rotating circle or eclipse about the minor axis
of the Follower.

Hence it can be explained easily that Cam is a mechanical component that

transmits reciprocating, oscillating or linear motion to Follower.
Cam’s shape is usually an oval or an imperfect circle or an eclipse. If an
engineer considers an oval-shaped Cam then he or she can see the movements
which will form the outer Burge, which is periodic to its locus.

This outer Burge is very useful and effective for works which are periodic
mechanical. There are two types of Head Cams. First is Single Head Cam and
the second is Multiple Head Cam.

Cam is Rotating about minor axis or respect to Follower.

Follower Mechanism:
A follower is a mechanical component concerning which, the Cam rotates in an
oscillatory or circular motion. Follower inhibits the push and pulls of the Cam.
A follower is used to transfer the motion to the required machine part.

The Follower rotates in an oscillating or circular arc.

The mechanism for Cam and the mechanism for Follower depend upon each
other so that the main mechanism of Cam and Follower.

The mechanism of Cam and Follower is essential in the engineering field and
has many different functions to the different machines.

AUTOMATIC LATHE

Automatic lathe, or machine lathe, units are lathes that are fed commands from
a computer or control panel and then work automatically. While these lathes can
work on a variety of materials, they are primarily made to work with metal. The
typical design for an automatic lathe includes six spindles, which allow the lathe
 to work on six pieces of metal at once. Common operations for a machine lathe
include forming shapes and tools, and threading metal into screws and drill bits.

An automatic lathe is all machine-controlled. The operator places metal into the
machine lathe and then inserts commands via a control unit. After the
commands are entered, the machine lathe follows the instructions and produces
the piece according to the entered measurements. Unlike manual lathes,
automatic lathes are not made for low-volume jobs. All machine lathes are
made to produce medium to low volumes of equipment.

Working of auto lathe

A lathe is a machine tool which use to removes unwanted materials

from a work piece in the form of chips with the help of a tool that
travels across the work piece and can be fed deep in work.

When the tool is moved parallel to the work-piece then the cylindrical

surface is formed.
If the tool is moved inclined to the axis, then it produces a tapered
surface and so calls as taper turning.

Working
 It holds the work between two supports so call as centres.

 Face plate or Chuck are using for holding the work.

 Face plate or Chuck are mounted on the machine spindle.

 The cutting tool is holding with the help of Tool post.

 The movement of the job is rotating about the spindle axis.

 Against the revolving work, the tool is feed.

 The tool moves

either
parallel or
inclination
to the work
axis.
 Operations of lathe machine

Cam and follower in auto lathe

An automatic cam lathe is a machine in which the movements of tools are

controlled by the cam and follower mechanism. This machine has high
speed, high accuracy, and less noise.
The tool has to move axially and radially; two cam are provided in
automatic lathes; a cylindrical cam and a plate cam. The plate cam is used
to provide the radial motion of the follower, and the cylindrical cam is
used to provide the axial motion of the tool.

Cam type
automatic lathes use two types of cams:

One is a cylindrical shape:

After processing its end surface into

various shapes, the cam is rotated and
connected by a transmission link and a
rocker arm to convert the rotary motion
of the cam into a straight line of the
The other is a circular plate shape:
the outer circumference is processed into the
required shape, and then the rotary motion
of the cam is changed into the linear motion
of the tool through the transmission rod
connected with the tool holder; this cam is
mainly used for the diameter of the
workpiece. To the cutting direction.
Combining the left and right and forward
and backward movements of these two cams
can make the tool move in an inclined or
curved direction.

THANK YOU!

REFERENCES

Cam and Follower: Types, Working, Nomenclature, Diagram [PDF] (theengineerspost.com)

Cam and Follower: Definition, Types, Working Principle, and Applications [PDF] - Learn
Mechanical

Lathe Machine-Introduction,Working Principle,Parts,Operation,specification

(mechanicalnotes.com)

Exhaustive List Of Cam And Follower Examples (lambdageeks.com)

Cam Automatic Lathe | MachineMfg

UNIT-2_8.pdf (sathyabama.ac.in)
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