April 17, 2004

Date of approval of RA 9292

8, 43

There are __________ Articles and

__________ sections in the RA 9292.

35

Any person who shall violate any

provision of RA 9292 or any rules,
regulations, the Code of Ethics and the
Code of Technical Standards of Practice
is stated in section _________.

RA 9292

This act is was consolidation of House

Bill No. 5224 and Senate Bill No. 2683.

Sec 40

The chairperson of the PRC shall

include in the Commissions program
the implementation of RA 9292, the
funding of w/c shall be included in the
Annual General Appropriation Act.

15 days,
Official Gazette

According to section 43, RA 9292 shall

take effect __________ following its full
publication in the __________ or any
newspaper of general circulation.

JESUS P.
NAZARENO

Who among the following persons was

not a signatory of the 9292?

Appropriations

Section 40 of RA 9292.

Be a citizen
and a resident
of the
Philippines for
5 consecutive
yrs prior to his
appointment

Which of the following is not true for the

qualifications of Board Members of
Electronics Engineering?

PRC

All records of the Board, including

applications for the examination,
administrative cases involving PECE,
ECE and ECTs shall be kept by

3 years

The members of the Board shall hold

office for a term of __________ from

date of appointment or until their
successors shall have been appointed
and qualified and may be re-appointed
once for another term.
seal

Section 7 states that the Board is

vested with the authority to: Adopt an
official __________ of the Board.

Gen
Appropriations
Act

The compensation and allowances of

the Board is comparable to that being
received by the Chairman and members
of existing regulatory boards under the
Commission as provided for in the
__________.

proper oath

Each member of the Board shall take

the/a __________ prior to the
assumption of office.

Not less than

Php100,000.00
nor more than
Php 1M or by
imprisonment
of not less
than 6 months
nor more than
6 years, or
both, in the
discretion of
the court

How much or what fine is required for

any person who shall violate any
provision or any rules, regulations, the
Code of Ethics and the Code of
Technical Standards of Practice
promulgated under RA 9292?

Commission

The Board and the __________ shall

correct and rate the licensure
examination papers

well rounded

According to section 2-Statement of

Policy, the state shall therefore develop
and nurture competent, virtuous,
productive, and __________ PECE,

ECE, and ECTs

70, 60

5 (five)

at least 3

A candidate for Electronics Engineer or

Electronics Technician who obtains a
passing rating in the majority of the
subjects but obtains a rating in the other
subject/s below _________ percent but
not lower than __________ percent,
shall be allowed to take one removal
examinations on the subject/s where
he/she failed to obtain the passing
rating.
Within __________ years after the
effectivity of RA 9292, the Board shall
issue Certificate of Registration and
Professional Identification Cards without
examination to all applicants for
registration as Electronics Technicians
who comply to all the requirements
stated in section 20.
With reference to prob 22, all
submittals/documents shall be
accompanied by a certification from
__________ registered PECEs
vouching for the integrity, technical
capability and good moral character of
the applicant.

Quality
Assurance

It is a method of managing all the

activities that affect the quality of goods
or services in order to prevent faults.

Partnership

This type of business organization can

be set up without any formality. It exist
when there are a number of people
involved who are part owners of the
business.

Benchmarking

This process can be used to measure

achievement in Total Quality

Management (TQM) system. Also it

provides the essential control and
measure feedback loop necessary for
quality improvement
Recruitement

It is the process of attracting potential

employees to the company so that the
selection process can be carried out.

Market
Research

It is the name given to any activity

undertaken by the organization with the
express purpose of gaining information
about potential customer

Job
Production

It is used when product are made singly

or in small batches. It happens when a
small number of products are
processed at each storage before going
on to the next stage.

Cooperatives

It involves a voluntary association of

people, called members, who operate
an enterprise collectively. The aim of
this organization is not to make profit
but to give support to their members.

It is the
rational way to
ensure that our
limited time is
always used
effectively.

It is the rational way to ensure that our

limited time is always used effectively.

working stress

It is the maximum safe stress that a

material can carry

Yield point

It is the point at which there is an

appreciable elongation of the material
without any corresponding increase of
load

Axial forces

This component measures the pulling

(or pushing) action perpendicular to the

section
1/2

What is the theoretical maximum value

of Poissons ratio of any given material
subjected to a uniform triaxial stress.

Shear forces

These are components of the total

resistance to sliding the portion to one
side of the exploratory section past the
other.

Tyndall Effect

It is the scattering of light by colloidal

particles

significant
figures

It is customary to indicate accuracy by

using a certain numbers of figures or
digits.

carbon

It is required for organic compounds.

ore dressing

Term used to denote the technology of

treating a mined ore to obtain a product
higher on concentration of a wanted
mineral from the unwanted rock mass in
which it occurs.

Le Chatelier's
Principle

It states that, "If a stress is placed on a

system on equilibrium whereby the
equilibrium is altered, that change will
take place which tends to relieve or
neutralize the effect of the added
stress".

Chemical
energy

The energy possessed by a substance

that allows it to be changed into a new
substance.

Robert Hooke

Who first postulated that stress is

proportional to strain in 1678?

Phlogiston

It explains combustion as a result of

loss of a substance.

Boyles Law

The volume of a definite quantity of dry

gas is inversely proportional to the
pressure provided the temperature
remains constant.

Amorphous

It refers to matter that do not have

definite form or structure.

base

Substance having a pH level less than 7

Lattice Energy

It is the enthalpy change associated

with the condensation of gaseous
positive and negative ion into a crystal.

endothermic

If heat is absorbed by the system during

a chemical change, it is called as:

clay

It is a product of the weathering of

complex silicates, particularly of
feldspars which are abundant minerals.

Michael
Faraday

Hunds rule

Electrons occupy all the orbitals of a

given subshell singly before pairing
begins. These unpaired electrons have
parallel spins. This is known as:

Who determined the quantitative

relationship between the amount of
electricity used in electrolysis and the
amount of chemical reaction that
occurs?

Amines

This law states that at constant

temperature the volume of a sample of
gas varies inversely with the pressure.

It is considered as derivatives of
ammonia in which one or more of the
hydrogens have been replaced by the
alkyl or aryl group. It is characterized by
unpleasant odors.

Pyrex

Boyles Law

It is a borosilicate glass with a very low

coefficient of thermal expansion, hence,

it's wide for cooking and serving

utensils.
Diamond

Stoichiometry

It is a colorless solid capable of being

cut into brilliant crystals is the hardest,
must abrasive mineral known
It is the calculation of both energy
balances and material balances in a
chemical system.

Substitution
Reaction

_________ involves the replacement of

one of the atoms or groups of atoms
attached to the carbon Backbone of
the organic molecule.

Electronic
Affinity

It is the Energy change accompanying a

mole of electrons being added to a mole
of a gaseous atoms or ions.

Hess Law

This Law states that if a process can be

written as the sum of several stepwise
processes, the Enthalphy change the
total process equals the sum of the
Enthalphy changes of the Various
Steps.

Filtration

This process separates the components

of a mixture on the basis of differences
in particle size. It is used most often to
separate a liquid from a solid.

Pascal

It is defined as the pressure exerted by

a force of one newton acting on an area
of one square meter.

Polar bond

A covalent bond between two atoms

with different electronegativities, so that
the electron density is unsymmetrically
distributed.

Helium

Which element has the highest

ionization potential of its atom?

critical mass

It is the minimum amount of radioactive

material needed to sustain a nuclear
chain reaction.

Avogadros
Law

_________ states that a constant

pressure and temperature, the volume
of a gas is directly proportional to the
number of moles present.

Markovnikous
rule

______ states that in the addition of

polar reagents to alkenes, the positive
portion of the reagents adds to the
carbon atom in the double bond that
already has the most hydrogen atoms.

Nobles Gases

_______ are atoms that have

completely filled ns and np subshells,
giving them great stability.

Raoults Law

_______ states that the partial pressure

of a solvent over a solution is given by
the vapor pressure of the pure solvent
times the mole fraction of the solvent in
the solution.

The NTC has

already issued
a Permit to
construct.

As provided in ACT 3846, the

construction of a radio station shall
begin only when

it puts up its
own network.

As provided in RA7925, a VAS provider

needs to secure a franchise if

inform your
employer
about it

According to the code of ethics, if you

are employed in a company and you
wish to engage in a business which
may compete with your company, the
most ethical thing to do is to

Direct shear

It occurs when a cutting action is

applied as you would see with scissors,
tin snips, or punches.

Bending stress

It occurs when a member carries a load

perpendicular to its long axis while
being supported in a stable manner.

stress

It is the internal resistance offered by a

unit area of the material from which a
member from which a member is made
to an externally applied load.

Proportional
limit

Elastic limit

Yield point

plastic deformation. A metal that

exhibits a percent elongation ____ 5.0%
is considered to be brittle.
Modulus of
rigidity

The ratio of shearing stress to shearing

strain is called:

Toughness

It is the ability of a material to absorbed

applied energy without failure

The proportional limit is the value of

stress on the stress-strain diagram
curve at which the curve first deviates
from a straight line.

Hardness

It is the indication of the resistance of a

material to indentation by a penetrator.

It is the value of stress on the stressstrain curve at which the material has
deformed plastically; that is, it will no
longer return to its original size and
shape after removing the load.

Axial force

It is a measure of pulling and pushing

force.

Shear force

It is the measure of the total resistance

to sliding.

Torque

It is the measure of the resistance to

twisting.

Conduction

It is the transfer of energy from the

more energetic particles of substance to
the adjacent less energetic ones as a
result of interactions between the
particles.

It is the value of stress on the stressstrain curve at which there is a

significant increase in strain with little or
no increase in stress.

Tensile point

It is the highest value of apparent stress

on the stress-strain curve.

Modulus of
elasticity

It is a measure of the stiffness of a

material determined by the slope of the
straight-line portion of the stress-strain
curve.

Fouriers Law
of Heat
Conduction

It indicates that the rate of heat

conduction in a direction is proportional
to the temperature gradient in that
direction.

Diamond

Which of the following is considered the

best conductor of heat?

5%

A ductile material is one that can be

stretched, formed, or drawn to a
significant degree before fracture. A
metal that exhibits a percent elongation
greater than ____ % is considered to be
ductile.

convection

It is the mode of energy transfer

between a solid surface and the
adjacent liquid or gas that is in motion,
and it involves the combined effect
conduction and fluid motion.

Less than

A brittle material is one that fails

suddenly under load with little or no

radiation

It is the energy emitted by the matter in

the form of electromagnetic waves as a

result of the changes in the electronic

configurations of the atom or molecules.

Strobridge Equation of State?

BenedictWebb-Rubin
Equation

Which of the following equation of state

has eight constant?

Potential

It is the energy possesses by the

system as a result of its elevation with
respect to the gravitational acceleration
of the earth.

Zeroth law of
thermodynami
cs

It states that if two bodies are in thermal

equilibrium with a third body, they are
also in thermal equilibrium with each
other.

three

How many zeroes in the measurement

0.00020040 are significant?

Tarnishing
silver

Which of the following describes a

chemical change?

First law of
thermodynami
cs

It states that energy can neither be

destroyed nor created; it can only
change forms.

Kelvin Plank
Statement

In second law of thermodynamic, which

of the following state that no heat
engine can have a thermal efficiency of
100% or as far as power plant to
operate, the working fluid must
exchange heat with the environment as
well as the furnace.

Clausius
Statement

In second law of thermodynamic, which

of the following state that no device can
transfer heat from cooler body to a
warmer one without leaving an effect on
the surroundings.

Light efficacy

It is defined as the amount of light

output in lumens per W of electricity
consumed.

Filtration

A homogenous mixture can be

separated by all of the following
methods except

Carnot cycle is composed of how many

reversible processes?

Milk

Which of the following is not a pure

substance?

Two adiabatic ;
two isothermal

Which of the following processes are

involved in carnot cycle?

Solid to gas

Which of the following phase changes

represent sublimation?

Fusion

Carnot
principle

State that the thermal efficiencies of all

reversible heat engines operating
between the same two reservoirs are
the same, and that no heat engine is
more efficient than a reversible one
operating between the same two
reservoirs.

The amount of energy needed to

change a given mass of ice to water at
constant temperature is called the heat
of

Hydrochloric
acid

Which of the following is a binary

compound?

Potassium
chlorate

An example of a ternary compound is

What is the charge of a hydrogen atom?

Vander Waals
Equation

Which of the following equation of state

has two constants?

16

How many constant are there in

Uncertainty
principle

The impossibility of knowing both the

precise location and velocity of
subatomic particle at the same time is
known as the

wavelengths these are often used in

radar systems and for studying the
atomic and molecular properties of
matter.

Oxygen

An atom which has the greatest ability

to attract electron is
entropy

Increase

If the volume of the mole of gas

molecules remains constant, lowering
the temperature will make the pressure

The property of a substance which

remains constant if no heat enters or
leaves the system, while it does work or
alters its volume, but which increases or
diminishes should a small amount of
heat enter or leave.

Contain equal
number of
particles

Whenever you have equal volumes of

gases at the same temperature and
pressure, the volume must

Specific Heat

The quantity of heat required to change

the temperature of unit mass through
one degree.

Dissolved
particles will
settle out upon
stirring

The properties of solution include all of

the following except that

Boyles Law

spherical
aberration

In optics, this effect refers to the blurring

of the image produced on a concave
mirror due to the convergence of rays
far from the mirror to other points on the
principal axis. What do you call this
effect?

If the temperature of a given quantity of

gas is held constant, the volume of the
gas varies inversely with the absolute
pressure during a change of state

isobaric

An internally reversible process of a

substance during which the pressure
remains constant.

Internal Energy

The energy stored in a substance by

virtue of the activity and configuration of
its molecules and of the vibration of the
atoms within the molecules.

Zeroth Law

When two bodies, isolated from other

environment, are in thermal equilibrium
with a third body, the two are in thermal
equilibrium with each other is a
statement of

2nd Law of
Thermodynami
cs

Not all energy received as heat by a

heat-engine cycle can be converted into
mechanical work, some are also
rejected is a statement of

Bernoullis
equation

drift speed
microwaves

In fluid mechanics, this shows that the

pressure of a fluid decreases as the
speed of the fluid increases. In addition,
the pressure of a fluid decreases as the
elevation increases.
In electrodynamics, what term refers to
the average speed of the charge
carriers?
In electromagnetics and wave theory,
what refers to waves, commonly
generated by electronic devices, whose
wavelengths ranges from approximately
0.3m to 10-4 m. Due to their short

Law of
Conservation

This Law States that The quantity of

of Mass

the substance entering the system is

equal to the substance leaving the
system

Charles Law

if the pressure of a given quantity of

gas is held constant, the volume of the
gas varies directly with the absolute
temperature

Newtons 2nd
Law of Motion

The Acceleration of a particular body is

directly proportional to the resultant
force acting on it and inversely
proportional to its mass is a statement
of

1st Law of
Thermodynami
cs

Energy is neither created nor

destroyed, but is converted from one
form to another

ceramics

These materials are hard and brittle,

insulative to electricity and heat, and
very resistant to high temperatures and
harsh environments.

metals

These materials have a large number of

non-localized electrons, as an effect are
very good conductors of electricity and
heat. They are strong yet deformable,
and extensively used in structural
applications.

crystal structure, usually due to the

prevailing temperature and pressure.
chromium

This metal is alloyed with steel to give it

corrosion resistance properties,
resulting in stainless steel.

neodymium

This element is used in modern, super

strong permanent magnets because of
their high coercivities.

corrosion

The deterioration of an engineered

material due to interaction with diverse
environments which lead to the
degradation of its material properties.

Avalanche
effect

A phenomenon that occurs for large

reverse voltages across a pn junction
where the free electrons are
accelerated to such high speeds that
they can dislodge valence electrons.

Bode plot

A graph showing the gain or phase

performance of an electronic circuit at
various frequencies.

Bulk
resistance

What do you call the ohmic resistance

of the semiconductor?

Crowbar

The metaphor used to describe the

action of an SCR when it is used to
protect a load against supply.

Derating factor

A value that tells you how much to

reduce the power rating for each degree
above the reference temperature given
on the data sheet.

composites

Materials composed of more than one

material type and are designed to
display a combination of the best
characteristics of each component
material.

crystalline

A material whose atomic arrangement

occurs as periodic, repeating structures
over large distances.

Doping

It is the process of adding impurity

element to an intrinsic semiconductor to
change its conductivity.

allotrope

An elemental solid having a different

Hard

A condition where the transistor is

saturation

operating at the upper end of the load

line with a base current that is one-tenth
of the collector current.

Lissajous
pattern

The pattern appearing on an

oscilloscope when harmonically related
signals are applied to the horizontal and
vertical inputs.

Latch

A connection of two transistors

connected with positive feedback to
simulate the action of a thyristor.

Life time

It refers to the average amount of time

between the creation and recombination
of a free electron and a hole.

Trip point

It is the value of the input voltage that

switches the output of a comparator.

Varistor

It is a device that acts like two back-toback-zener diodes.

Wafer

What do you call a thin slice of crystal

used as a chassis for integrated
components.

High field
emission

What is the other term for zener effect?

Schottky diode

It is sometimes called hot-carrier diode.

clipper

A network that employ diodes to remove

away a portion of an input signal without
distorting the remaining part of the
applied waveform

Tetravalent

Atom with four valence electrons is

called ____.

Notch filter

A filter that blocks a signal with at most

one frequency.

Oscillation

A term use to describe the death of

amplification.

Pinch off
voltage

The voltage that provides the border

between the ohmic region and the
constant current region of a depletionmode device when the gate to source
voltage is zero.

Intrinsic

The term applied to any semiconductor

material that has been carefully refined
to reduce the number of impurities to a
very low-essentially as pure as can be
made available through modern
technology.

Prototype

A basic circuit that a designer can

modify to get more advanced circuits.

J. Thompson

Who discovered electrons in 1897?

Schmitt trigger

It is a comparator with hysteresis.

1.1eV

What is the typical energy gap of silicon

semiconductor?

Schottky diode

Which of the following special purpose

diode doesnt have depletion layer?

Germanium

Which of the following semiconductor

material is sensitive to temperature
change?

Recombination

It occurs when a conduction-band

electron loses energy and falls back into
a hole in the valence band.

Boron

Which of the following is not a

Surge current

Thyristor

It is define as a large initial current that

flows through the diode of a rectifier.
It is defined as a four-layer
semiconductor device that acts as a
latch.

pentavalent atom?

right corner?
Full adder

It is a digital circuit that adds two bits

and an input carry to produce a sum
and an output carry.

S=1; R=1

Which of the following is the invalid

state for RS flip flop?

What is the typical reverse saturated

current of a silicon diode?

Toggle

In T flip flop, T stands for:

50-1kV

What is the typical range of reverse

breakdown voltage of silicon diode?

How many flip-flop/s is/are need to

produce 2kHz frequency from 8kHz
input?

Storage time

The time required for the minority

carriers to return to the majority carrier
state in the opposite material.

J=1; K=1

A flip-flop is in the toggle condition

when:

How many flip-flops are needed to

produce 4-bit asynchronous counter?

How many flip-flops are needed to

produce modulus-12 asynchronous
counter?

Thermally
produced

How does minority carriers produced?

Reversed
saturated
current

It is an extremely small amount of

current that exists in a reverse biased
diode.

10pA

Field
programmable
gate array

What does FPGA stands for?

01001101

Find the 2s complement of 10110010.

10100101

Convert the binary number 11000110 to

gray code

Modulus

Which of the following can be used as

universal gate?

What do you call the number of unique

states through which a counter will
sequence?

ripple counters

Asynchronous counters are known as:

the actual
number of
states in its
sequence

The modulus of a counter is

1000

Three cascaded modulus-10 counters

have an overall modulus of

1100

The terminal count of a modulus-13

binary counter is

NAND

XOR

A logic gate that produces a HIGH

output only when its two inputs are at
opposite levels.

De Morgans
Theorems

The complement of a sum of variables

is equal to the product of the
complements of the variables.

F=ABC+ABC+
ABC

Which of the following expression is in

standard SOP form?

1010

In a 4 variable K-map, what is the

binary value for the cell in the lower

fluorescence

A type of luminescence where the

visible light is emitted only during the

stimulation of the phosphor.

Hematologic
syndrome

Radiation doses in the range of

approximately 200 to 1000 rad produce
the

Bucky factor

Ratio of incident to transmitted radiation

through a grid ratio of patient dose with
and without grid

Hounsfield

Who completes the development of first

computed tomographic (CT) scanner
(EMI, Ltd.) in 1973?

sensitometry

It is the study of the response of an

image receptor to x-rays

contrast
improvement
factor

colorimeter

An optical electronic device that

measures the color concentration of a
substance in solution.

phonocardiogr
aphy

Recording of heart sounds

electrodermog
raph

Recorder for measuring galvanic skin

resistance

code 39

It consists of 36 unique codes

representing the 10 digits and 26
uppercase letters

Baudot Code

The first fixed- length character code

developed for machines rather than for
people

Richard W.
Hamming

The early pioneer in the development of

error-detection and correction
procedures

CRC

The most reliable convolutional coding

scheme for error detection

quantizing
errors

Inaccuracies caused by the

representation of a continuously varying
quantity as one of a number of discrete
values.

vocoder

Circuit for digitizing voice at a low data

rate by using knowledge of the way in
which voice sounds are produced

delta
modulation

A coding scheme that records the

change in signal level since the
precious sample

either (a)

Distortion created by using too low a

Ratio of radiographic contrast with a

grid to that without a grid

600 rad

Analysis of persons irradiated

therapeutically with superficial x-rays
has shown that the skin erythema dose
required to affect 50% of persons so
irradiated is about

100

ECG recording requires a bandwidth of

0.05 to ____ Hz

Systole

Period during which heart contracts.

sphygmomano
meter

Apparatus for measuring blood

pressure

Photoelectric
effect

It was first noted by Heinrich Hertz in

1887 and won Albert Einstein the Nobel
Prize in 1905. It refers to the emission
of electrons from a clean metallic
surface (phototube) when
electromagnetic radiation (light waves
or X-rays) falls onto that surface.

Roentgen

X-ray radiation that will produce

2.08x10^9 ion pairs per cubic
centimetre of air at standard
temperature and pressure (STP).

Unit of radiation exposure or amount of

aliasing or (b)
foldover
distortion

sampling rate when coding an analog

signal for digital transmission

action which causes bits to arrive at

different times

10 Base 5

The thick coaxial cable implementation

of standard Ethernet

Dynamic range

Flag

A bit pattern or a character added to the

beginning and the end of a frame to
separate the frames

In PCM system, it is the ratio of the

maximum input voltage level to the
smallest voltage level that can be
quantized

2128

An address space is the total number of

addresses used by the protocol, such
as IPv4 and IPv6. What is the address
space of IPv6?

H.323

It is a standard designed by ITU to allow

telephones in the public telephone
network to talk to computers/terminals
connected to the internet

Companding

Combination of compression at the

transmitter and expansion at the
receiver of communications system.

directional
coupler

A device launches or receives a wave in

a transmission line or waveguide in one
direction only.

klystron

A type of linear-beam microwave tube

that uses velocity modulation of the
electron beam

51.84 Mbps

What is the bit rate of STS 1?

4B/5B
Encoding

A block coding technique in which four

bits are encoded into a five bit code

ANSI

A national standards organization that

defines standards in the United States

stop bit

In asynchronous transmission, one or

more bits to indicate the end of
transmission

1.368 Mbps

What is the overhead (number of extra

bits) in the DS-3 service?

twice the
highest
frequency of a
signal

The minimum sampling rate according

to Nyquist Theorem

spread
spectrum

It is used in wireless applications in

which stations must be able to share
the medium without interception by an
eavesdropper and without being subject
to jamming from a malicious intruder

PAM

A series of pulses in which the

amplitude of each pulse represents the
amplitude of the information signal at a
given time.

Checksum

An error detection method which uses

ones complement arithmetic

Companding

Combination of compression at the

transmitter and expansion at the
receiver of communications system.

gateway

It is a connecting device between two

internetworks that use different models

directional
coupler

A device launches or receives a wave in

a transmission line or waveguide in one
direction only.

jitter

It is an undesired shift or width change

in digital bits of data due to circuitry

klystron

A type of linear-beam microwave tube

that uses velocity modulation of the
electron beam

TDM

_______________ is used to position

samples of the different message
signals in non-overlapping time slots.

constellation
diagram

A ___________ is similar to a phasor

diagram except that the entire phasor is
not drawn.

Baudot Code

It was the first fixed length character

code.

Redundancy

It involves transmitting each character

twice.

Central Limit
Theorem

The __________ provides the

mathematical justification for using a
Gaussian Process as a model for a
large number of different physical
phenomena in which the random
variable, at a particular instant of time,
is the result of a large number of
individual random events.

Asynchronous
transfer mode
(ATM)

Pulse Position
Modulation

Fading
the number of
protons and

A set of communication facilities

allowing direct access to 64kpbs data
streams (or multiples of) for drop and
insert. A form of cell relay, supports BISDN.
A series of pulses, in which the timing of
each pulse represents the amplitude of
the information signal at a given time.
Variation in received field strength over
time due to changes in propagation
conditions.
The atomic weight of an element is
approximately determined by

neutrons
air

Of the following substances the most

conductor is

electromotive
force

The volt is the standard unit of

Zepp antenna

Which of the following antenna types is

not designed for transmitting at 10 Ghz

Direct Wave

The type of radio wave responsible for

long distance communications by
multiple skips is the:

HF

Line of sight communications is not a

factor in which frequency range?

Baud

It refers to the rate of change of a signal

on the transmission medium after
encoding and modulation have
occurred.

Baudot Code

It was the first fixed-length character

code developed for machines rather
than people.

Repeater

A receiver-transmitter station used to

increase the communications range of
VHF, UHF and microwave signals is
called a(n):

empirical
formula

It represents the simplest whole number

ratio of the various types of atoms in a
compound.

Baud

It is a term that is often misunderstood

and commonly confused with bit rate
(bps)

transmission
level point

Defined as the optimum level of a test

tone on a channel at same point in a
communication system.

redundancy

Duplicating each data unit for the

purpose of detecting errors is a form of
error detection called ___________.

transducer

What is the device that converts energy

from one form to another?

Electrical
noise

It may be defined as any undesired

voltages or currents that ultimately end
up appearing in the receiver output.

Microwaves are frequencies above

_____ GHz.

FCC (Federal
Communicatio
ns
Commission)

The government agencies that

regulates radio communications in the
US is the ________.

High-pass

A wave guide acts a/an _______ filter

Coax is not used beyond frequencies of

about ______ GHz.

Voice, video,
computer data

Data Communications refers to the

transmission of ________.

bandwidth
efficiency

It is often used to compare the

performance of one digital modulation
technique to another.

quantization

It is the process of converting an infinite

number of possibilities to a finite
number of conditions.

Checksum

It is another relatively simple form of

redundancy error checking where each
character has a numerical value
assigned to it.

Spread
spectrum

It is a modulation and multiplexing

technique that distributes the signal and
its sidebands over a very wide
bandwidth.

Servers

The computers that hold shared files,

programs and the network operating
system. They also provide access to
network resources to all the users of the
network.

Broadband
ISDN

It is defined by the ITU-T as a service

that provides transmission channels
capable of supporting transmission
rates greater than the primary data rate.

Forward Error
Correction

It is the only error-correction scheme

that actually detects and corrects
transmission errors when they are
received without requiring a
transmission.

Session layer

This OSI Layer is responsible for

network availability, data storage and
processor capacity. It also determines
the type of dialogue available.

free space
path loss

It is often defined as the loss incurred

by an electromagnetic wave as it
propagates in a straight line through a
vacuum with no absorption or reflection
of energy from nearby objects.

ambience

What do you call the accumulation of

additional sounds such as wind, street
noise, other voices that contribute to
what the listener hear?

hop

It is a single transmission path from

transmitter to receiver with line of sight
range.

intensity

It is defined by the average rate at

which energy is carried out per unit
area.

the frequency
of the wave

What happens to the frequency of the

stays the same

while the
wavelength
changes.

wave and to its wavelength when a

sound wave produced in one medium
enters another medium with a different
speed?

10

What is the pH level of toilet soap?

audio mixing

The process of combining multiple

audio signals into one track is called?

tempo

The speed of sequence of musical

notes is called?

increases

If the frequency of a sound is increased,

what will happen to its pitch?

Hot Standby

A type of microwave protection system

where each working channel has a
dedicated back up or spare channel.

electrolysis

A method of nonspontaneous lysing

(splitting) of a substance by the input of
electrical energy, and is often used to
decompose a compound into its
elements.

signal quality
detector

Also known as Pin 21 of the RS-232

interface on D connector, this
connection allows signals to be
transmitted from the DCE to the
attached DTE whenever there is a high
probability of an error in the received
data due to the quality of the circuit
falling below a predefined level.

ionic bonding

It is the electrostatic forces of attraction

between oppositely charged ions.

burst error

______ which means that 2 or more bits

in the data unit have changed?

1000 Base-T

It is a four-wire Gigabit Ethernet

implementation.

TDM

It is a digital process that allows several

connections to share the high
bandwidth of a link.

PCF and DCF

IEEE 802.11 is define in which MAC

sublayer?

Magnetron

It is the oldest microwave tube design

which is commonly used in radar
transmitters where they can generate
peak power levels in the megawatt
range.

ASK

A modulation process wherein both

frequency and phase remains constant
while the amplitude changes.

cyclic
redundancy
check

It is the most powerful redundancy

checking technique which is based on
binary division.

Semiconductor

What do you call the element with

electrical properties between those of
an insulator and a conductor?

amortization

It is the term applied to any method of

extinguishing a debt, principal and
interest, by a series of payments,
usually at equal intervals.

encoder

In pulse-code modulation, it translates

the quantized samples into digital code
words.

vertical
redundancy
check

It is an error detection technique in

which a redundant bit is appended to
every data unit so that the total number
of 1s in the unit (including the parity bit)
becomes even.

Star

A local area network topology in which

the individual terminal, microcomputers
or workstations are connected directly

to a central computer.

quadrature
amplitude
modulation

The only way to achieve high data rates

with a narrowband channel is to
increase the number of bits per symbol,
the most reliable way to do this is to use
a combination of amplitude and phase
modulation known as _________.

tandem office

Telephone switch that connects only to

other switches, and not to individual
customers.

QAM

It is a form of digital modulation similar

to PSK except the digital information is
contained in both amplitude and the
phase of the transmitted carrier.

PLL

The most common circuit used for

demodulating binary FSK signals.

ring

A network topology in which data

circulates from one computer to the
next in sequence.

852 Hz and
1336 Hz

What frequencies would be generated

by a telephone using DTMF signalling,
when the number 8 is pressed?

PSK

It is a means of transmitting data by

shifting the phase angle of the
transmitted signal.

OSI

The name given for a set of standards

for communicating among computers in
which the primary purpose is to serve
as a structural guideline for exchanging
information between computers,
workstations and networks.

Crosstalk

Any transmission system which

conveys more than one signal
simultaneously can experience this type

of interference due to the reception of

portions of a signal from one channel in
another channel.
FSK

What type of digital modulation scheme

uses two or more different output
frequencies?

Hamming
Code

It is an error-correcting code used for

correcting transmission errors in
synchronous data streams.

TCP/IP

A suite of protocols that allows a wide

variety of computers to share the same
network.

atmospheric
noise

Noise that is primarily caused by

lightning. Often called as Static Noise.

AM

A modulation technique in which the

frequency of the modulated signal
varies with the amplitude of the
modulating signal

FSK

Is a form of constant amplitude angle

modulation similar to standard
frequency modulation except the
modulating signal is a binary signal that
varies between two discrete voltage
levels rather than a continuously
changing analog waveform.

Application
layer

The highest layer in the hierarchy and is

analogous to the general manager of
the network by providing access to the
OSI environment.

I=ktB

What is the equation for Hartleys Law?

Star

Network topology wherein individual

terminals, microcomputers and
workstations are connected directly to a
central computer.

collision

The loss of data that occurs when two

stations transmit at the same time on a
network

channel induced errors?

Baudot code

What was the first fixed-length

character code developed for machines
rather than for people?

memoryless

A source whose output satisfies the

condition of statistical independence
among letters in the sequence is said to
be_____.

Data Link
Layer

Handles error recovery, flow control

(synchronization), and sequencing
(which terminals are sending and which
are receiving). It is considered the
media access control layer.

On hook

A term used to describe a telephone

instrument whose handset is on its
cradle, ready to receive a ring signal

PCM

The most commonly used digital

modulation scheme.

Checksum

Simple form of redundancy error

checking where each character has a
numerical value assigned to it. The
characters within a message are
combined together to produce an error
checking character.

Token Ring

EBCDIC code

Is an eight-bit fixed length character set

developed in 1962 by the International
Business Machines Corporation.

A MAC protocol for LANs, with stations

connected topologically or logically in a
ring. Or the IEEE 802.5 LAN standard.

PCM

The most commonly used digital

modulation scheme.

Star network

A network topology where each device

is connected to a centre point and all
data is routed through that point.

asynchronous

Designed to send characters of the

message with the specified bit rate but
without any fixed timing relationship
from one character to the next.

Liquid Lasers

802.5

Token Ring Standard

A lasers use organic dyes enclosed in a

glass tube for an active medium, dye is
circulated into the tube with a pump. A
powerful pulse of light excites the
organic dye.

Carrier
Recovery

It is the process of extracting a phasecoherent reference carrier from a

receiver signal.

Run length
limited code

Codes that have a restriction on the

number of consecutive 1s or 0s in a
sequence.

Crosstalk

It is a potential problem whenever two

metallic conductors carrying different
signals are located in close proximity to
each other.

preamble

Contains seven bytes (56 bits) of

alternating 0s and 1s that alert the
receiving system to the coming frame
and enable it to synchronize its input
timing

threshold
effect

What is the termed refer as the rapid

degradation of output signal quality with

Baudot Code

Every letter was encoded into fixed

length of binary code words of length 5.

baseband

The composite signal that modulates

the FM carrier.

twice the frequency of the highest

frequency component of the signal.

parity

It is a simple means of error detection. It

involves the addition of one extra bit to
the bits that encode a character.

Digital Signal
Processing

In operation, many modern codecs

achieved compression by first encoding
the signals using a 12-bit linear PCM
code, then converting the 12-bit linear
code into an 8-bit compressed code by
discarding some of the bits. This is a
simple example of:

Flat-topped
Sampling

Sampling of an analog signal using a

sample-and-hold circuit such that the
sample has the same amplitude for its
whole duration.

Message
Channel

The basic building block of the FDM

hierarchy.

Samuel F.B
Morse

Who invented the telegraph?

AmplitudeShift Keying

The simplest modulation technique,

where a binary information signal
modulates the amplitude of an analog
carrier.

Physical Layer

Is the lowest Open System

Interconnection hierarchy and is
responsible for the actual propagation
of unstructured data bits (1s and 0s)
through a transmission medium.

Forward Error
Correction

Error-correction scheme that actually

detect and corrects transmission errors
when they are received without
requiring a retransmission.

Transparency

It allows the overall complexity of the

system to be broken down into
individual function layers- that operate
essentially by themselves.

Huffman
coding

A data compression scheme that uses

fewer bits to represent more frequently
occurring characters or bit patterns and
more bits to represent those occur less
frequently.

Baud rate

Speed at which symbols are transmitted

in a digital communication systems.

Quantization

It is the process of converting an infinite

number of possibilities to a finite
number of conditions.

Dynamic
Range

It is the ratio of the largest possible

magnitude to the smallest possible
magnitude that can easily be decoded
by the digital to analog converter in the
receiver.

ANSI

It is the institution that developed the

ASCII (American Standard Code for
Information Intertchange).

Jean-Baptiste
Fourier

In early 1900s, he showed that any

composite signal is a sum of a set of
sine waves of different frequencies,
phases and amplitudes.

modem
Harry Nyquist

It is an electronic device that is used for

computer communications through
telephone lines.
Showed mathematically that it is
possible to reconstruct a band-limited
analog signal from periodic samples, as
long as the sampling rate is at least

State
Transition
Diagram

This are very useful pictorial

representations that clearly show the
protocol operations such as words or
conventional drawings.

Local loop

Pair of wires that connects the central

office to the users phone

LAN

Network that connects users who are in

the same general location

Digital Signal
Processing

In operation, many modern codecs

achieved compression by first encoding
the signals using a 12-bit linear PCM
code, then converting the 12-bit linear
code into an 8-bit compressed code by
discarding some of the bits. This is a
simple example of:

Transmit
Modulator

A balanced modulator that will used in

conjuction with a microwave generator,
power amplifier, and band-pass filter,
up-converts the IF carrier to an RF
carrier and amplifies the RF to the
desired output power.

collision

The loss of data that occurs when two

stations transmit at the same time on a
network

TCP

Used to established a point to point

connection across a network.

network
protocol

Defines the rules of the conversation

the message passing among the
network users

SLIC

Responsible for providing signals to the

loop sensing activity and sending phone
signals at the end of the loop

-48

The typical amount of voltage in dc use

in the battery of the central office with

respect to ground
WAN

A network that is composed of a smaller

LAN that are closely link. It is needed
for areas spread out geographically

How many central office allotted for

each exchange?

space
switching

It is a method of switching that provides

a separate physical path for each
symbol

a flow of loop
current

The central office detects a request for

service from a telephone by:

Transport

The OSI Layer responsible for data

tracking as it moves through a network.
It controls and ensures the end to
end integrity of the data message
propagated through the network
between two devices.

Transport

The OSI Layer responsible for data

tracking as it moves through a network.
It controls and ensures the end to
end integrity of the data message
propagated through the network
between two devices.

Echo
Suppressors

It is used on long distance circuits, in

an effort to overcome echoes caused by
circuit imbalances.

octave

A/an _______ is a range of frequency in

which the upper frequency is double the
lower frequency.

trimmer

A small variable capacitance in parallel

with each section of ganged capacitor is
called _______.

1/10

How many wavelengths long are

required for a pair of conductors to be

considered as a transmission line?

overcoming the problems of quantizing

error and noise.

parallelresonant

At exactly one-quarter wavelength, the

short-circuited transmission line
behaves as a(an) ___________ circuit.

antenna
reciprocity

microstrip

Which of the following is a flat

conductor separated by an insulating
dielectric from a large ground plane that
is usually one-quarter or one-half
wavelength long?

________________ means that the

characteristics and performance of an
antenna are the same whether the
antenna is radiating or intercepting an
electromagnetic signal.

top hat loading

Which of the following methods is used

to lower the resonant frequency of a
shortened vertical antenna?

end effect

It is a phenomenon caused by any

support insulators used at the ends of
the wire antenna.

more costeffective

Which of the following is not a reason

why most half-wave antennas are
mounted horizontally at low
frequencies?

radiation
pattern

The shape of the electromagnetic

energy radiated from or received by an
antenna is called the

omnidirectiona
l

Antennas that transmit an equal amount

of energy in the horizontal direction are
called

directivity

The ability of an antenna to send or

receive signals over a narrow horizontal
directional range is referred to as

parasitic array

A basic antenna connected to a

transmission line plus one or more
additional conductors that are not
connected to the transmission line form
a

Yagi antenna

An antenna made up of a driven

element and one or more parasitic
elements is generally referred to as a

One complete revolution around a

Smith Chart represents _________
wavelengths.

resonant

A mismatched transmission line is also

referred to as a ___________ line.

velocity factor

It is the ratio of the speed of

propagation on a line to that of light in
free-space.

CAT 5

Which of the following is the most

widely used UTP cable that can carry
baseband data at rates up to 100 Mbps
at a range up to 100m?

the signal is
difficult to
demodulate

One of the advantages of DSB is the

savings of great deal of power. Which of
the following is the reason why it is not
widely used?

high-level
modulator

If the input in a transmitter is collectormodulated, the system is called a

_______________________.

de-emphasis

What circuit is used to return the

frequency response of a signal to its
normal, flat level?

companding

It is the most common means of

collinear

Which antennas usually consist of two

or more half-wave dipoles mounted end
to end?

broadside
array

A stacked collinear antenna consisting

of half-wave dipoles spaced from one
another by one-half wavelengths is the

maximum
power transfer
will take place

When the characteristic impedance of

the transmission line matches the
output impedance of the transmitter and
the impedance of the antenna itself,

a Q section

A one-quarter wavelength of coaxial or

balanced transmission line of a specific
impedance connected between a load
and a source in order to match
impedances is

TE20

A signal propagated in a waveguide has

a full wave of electric intensity change
between two further walls, and no
component of the electric field in the
direction of propagation. The mode is

isolator

It is a microwave device that allows RF

energy to pass through in one direction
with very little loss, but absorbs RF
power in the opposite direction.

shroud

A metal wrapped around the parabolic

antenna aperture to eliminate sidelobes
interfering nearby stations is called

is greater than
in free space

The wavelength of a wave in a

waveguide _________.

00 latitude

Geostationary satellites are located at

____ with respect to the equator.

G/T

The quality of a space-link is measured

in terms of the ______ ratio.

The distance
between the
satellite and
ground station
is changing,
causing the
Doppler effect

Why does the downlink frequency

appear to vary by several kHz during a
low earth orbit satellite pass?

Teledesic

The most ambitious LEO constellation

to date is ______.

Gain increases
by 9.54 dB,
beamwidth
decreases to
1/3 of its
former value.

A satellite-dish owner has a 3 meter

dish designed for C-band (4 GHz)
operation. The owner wants to use the
same dish with a new feedhorn, for Kuband (12 GHz) satellites. What effect
will the change in frequency have on
the gain and beamwidth of the
antenna?

14 GHz

What is the nominal uplink frequency for

the Ku band?

To cover all inhabited regions of the

earth, the number of polar-orbit
satellites required is

The second
antenna has a
higher gain.

Two antennas have gains of 5.3 dBi and

4.5 dBd, respectively. Which has a
greater gain?

Hertz antenna

A half-wave dipole is sometimes called:

between halfpower points

An antenna's beamwidth is measured

radio signals
reflecting off
the ground

"Ground Effects" refers to the effects on

an antenna's radiation pattern caused
by

a shorted stub,
an LC network,
a loading coil

An antenna can be matched to a feed

line using

the number of
lobes
increases

nighttime
period

Part of broadcasting in a day that refers

to that period of time between 1000
UTC to 2200 UTC. UTC stands for
Universal Time Coordinates.

primary
service area

An AM broadcast service area in which

groundwave field of 1mV/m (60dBu) is
not subject to objectionable interference
or objectionable fading.

150 ft

In antenna mast or tower construction,

the required obstruction painting and/or
lighting must be imposed on mast or
tower more than from the ground
level.

vertical

Regarding the design of AM antenna,

what should be the polarization of the
radiator?

36 kHz

As per Philippine standard, what is the

minimum frequency separation in any
service area for adjacent AM radio
stations?

35 W

What is the maximum power allowable

for remote pick-up stations used as
broadcast auxillary services for AM and
FM broadcast stations?

An ITU radio communication standards

for satellite services which provides
information on the range of frequencies
that can be used by fixed satellite
service systems for emergency and
disaster relief operations.

Class B

What is the classification of an FM

station having an ERP not exceeding
30kW?

AM DSB SC

What is the modulation used for the

stereophonic subcarrier of FM
composite baseband signal?

As per Philippine standard, frequency

19 kHz

What is the pilot subcarrier frequency

used in FM stereophonic transmission?

Log-Periodic
Dipole Array

LPDA stands for

a field-strength
meter

Field strength at a distance from an

antenna is measured with

active antenna

A receiving antenna with a built-in

preamplifier

35,786 km

The height above mean sea level of a

satellite in a geosynchronous orbit
around Earth is:

latitude &
longitude

The location of a satellite is generally

specified in terms of

perigee

A point in the orbit of an object orbiting

the earth that is located closest to
Earth.

footprint

The outline of a communications

satellite antenna pattern on the earth is
known as:

TDMA ( Time
Division
Multiple
Access)

A satellite access technique where each

earth station transmits a short burst of
information during a specific time slot.

azimuth &
elevation

An earth station antenna look angle is

determined by :

ITU-R S.1001-2

526.5 to 1705
kHz

allocation of AM Radio Broadcasting is

from

As the length of a "long-wire" antenna is

increased

88 108 MHz

Frequency allocation of FM broadcast in

the Philippines

NTSC

What is the color TV system adopted by

the Philippines?

3.579545

Exact value of color subcarrier

frequency (MHz) is

1 MW

What is the maximum allowable ERPs

for channels 7 13 in Metro Manila and
Metro Cebu?

525

At NTSC standard, the number of lines

per frame = ________ lines/frame

6 MHz

Nominal RF bandwidth of NTSC TV

channel

TV Pick-up
station

A land mobile station used for the

transmission of TV program materials
and related communications from the
scenes of events occurring at remote
points from TV broadcast station
studios to TV broadcast station.

sky wave

space diversity

What is the mode of radio wave

propagation that utilized ionosphere as
a medium of transmission and / or
reception of radio signals?
What is a diversity scheme that uses
two (2) separate antennas and
receivers for each single transmitter?

frequency
diversity

What is a diversity scheme that uses

two (2) different frequencies in a
simplex path?

Inverse Square
law

The power density is inversely

proportional to the square of the
distance from the source. This law is
known as

The lowest portion of the ionosphere

that is useful for long-distance
communication by amateurs; about 100
to 115 km above the earth is known as
the layer. This is often termed as the
Kennely-Heavyside layer.

Radiation
Pattern

A graph which shows the radiation in

actual field strength of electromagnetic
fields at all points which are at equal
distance from the antenna is known
as

11-year
sunspot

A phenomenon on the surface of the

sun with appearance and
disappearance of dark irregularly
shaped areas.

increase
antenna height

What should be done to increase the

transmission distance at frequencies
higher than HF bands?

electrical
properties of
the terrain,
antenna
polarization,
frequency

Which of the following factors must be

considered in the transmission of a
surface wave to reduce attenuation?

area codes

Identical telephone numbers in different

parts of a country are distinguished by
their ___.

in erlangs

Telephone traffic is measured ____.

repeater

In a cellular telephone system, each cell

site contains a ____.

the unit is
handed off
to a closer cell

When the signal from a mobile cellular

unit drops below a certain level, what
action occurs?

cluster

In a cellular telephone system, group of

cells is called ___.

forward links

48 volts DC
trunk lines

In Cellular Telephone Systems, these

are transmissions from base stations to
mobile units (Downlink)
The typical voltage across a telephone
when on-hook is:
Central offices are connected by:

occurs when
the central
office capacity
is exceeded

In telephony, call blocking is:

twisted-pair
copper wire

The cable used for local loops in

telephone system is mainly:

697Hz,770Hz,8
52Hz,941Hz

In DTMF, the four vertical frequencies

are ____.

1209Hz,
1336Hz,1477Hz
,1633Hz

In DTMF, the Horizontal frequencies are

reverse links

In Cellular Telephone Systems, these

are transmissions from mobile units to
base stations (Uplink)

high group
frequencies

In DTMF, the horizontal frequencies is

also known as

low group
frequencies

In DTMF, the Vertical frequencies is

also known as

allow signals
to be
multiplexed

The bandwidth of voice-grade signals

on a telephone system is restricted in
order to:

regional center

This is the highest-ranking office in the

DDD network in telephony in terms of
the size of the geographical area served
and the trunking options available.

Advanced
Mobile Phone
Service

In Cellular Radio, AMPS stand for:

Base Station
Controller

In Cellular Radio, BSC stands for:

Mobile
Switching
Center

In Cellular Radio, MSC stands for:

traffic
channels

In GSM, voice channels are called:

frequency
hopping

In Mobile Communications, GSM uses:

International
Mobile
Subscriber
Identification

In Mobile Communications, IMSI stands

for:

reverberation

An acoustical phenomenon wherein the

sound continues to persist after the
cause of sound has stopped resulting in
repeated reflections is called

Condenser

A type of microphone that uses the

principle of a capacitor as a means of
transduction. It uses a polarizing
voltage of between 9 and 48 V of DC
supply applied to its diaphragm by an
external power supply.

Absorption
Coefficient

A number from 0 to 1 representing the

ability of a surface material to absorb
sound energy is known as

dynamic range

The difference in dB between the

loudest level of sound and the softest
passage of sound is known as _

Critical
Frequency

The highest frequency that can be used

for skywave propagation between two

specific points on earths surface.

fading

Variation in signal loss caused by

natural weather disturbances.

virtual height

The height above the earths surface

from which a refracted wave appears to
have been reflected

Critical
Frequency

The highest frequency that can be used

for skywave propagation between two
specific points on earths surface.

sky waves

Electromagnetic waves that are directed

above the horizon level.

Infrared

The most common light used in fiberoptic links is

50 and 62.5
micron

In the telecommunications industry, the

most commonly used fiber(s) are

Step index

The abrupt change in refractive index

from core to cladding of fiber-optic cable
is called the

Minimize the
core diameter

A technique that is used to minimize the

pulse dispersion effect is to

Power
consumption

Which is not an important characteristic

of a light detector?

Waveguide
dispersion

The dispersion of light in fiber-optic

cable caused by a portion of the light
energy traveling in the cladding is called

Distributed
feedback
(DFB) and
vertical cavity
surface
emitting
(VCSEL)

Recent laser developments for fiberoptic communication include

Response time

Which of the following considerations is

important when deciding between using

a diode laser or an LED?
Fresnel

In 1815, the correct explanation of

diffraction was given by

Optical Fiber

It is the central part of the optical

communication system

Quanta

The light energy that is always emitted

or absorbed in discrete units

10 Base-FB
(Backbone)

Which of the following Ethernet fiber

optic standard uses synchronous,
Centralized Clock?

FDDI - II

It is a mixed, multiple-service standard

to allow the transmission of voice and
video over an FDDJ network.

Buffer Tube

It is a layer of plastic that surrounds a

fiber or group of fibers

Beamwidth

The angular separation between the

two half-power points on the power
density radiation pattern.

Polarization

Refers to the direction in space of

electric vector of the electromagnetic
wave radiated from an antenna and is
parallel to the antenna itself.

Top loading

Placing a metallic array on the antenna

effects to increase the current at the
base of the antenna, and also to make
the current distribution more uniform.
What is this called?

Principle of
reciprocity

What principle that states that the

properties of an antenna are
independent of whether it is used for
transmission or reception.

Zoning

This is often used to cure the problem

of great thickness required of lenses

used at lower microwave frequencies or
for strong curved wavefronts.

electromagnetic radiation illuminates a

metallic surface, electrons are emitted.
Photometry

The science of measuring only light

waves that are visible to the human eye

Lasing

The process of constructing an ILD that

is similar to LED except that the ends
are highly polished.

antenna

A structure-generally metallic and

sometimes very complex-designed to
provide an efficient coupling between
space and the output of a transmitter or
input to a receiver.

Directive gain

The ratio comparing the power density

generated by a practical antenna in
some direction, with that due to an
isotopic antenna radiating the same
total power.

Pulse
spreading

A phenomenon in optical fibers

communication system that is caused
by the difference in the propagation
times of light rays that take different
paths down the fiber.

Broadside
action

Any array that is directional at right

angles to the plane of the array is said,
by inference, to have __________.

noise
temperature

Equivalent temperature of a passive

system having the same noise power
output of a given system.

Aperture

The ratio of the focal length to the

mouth diameter is called __________ of
the parabola, just as in camera lenses.

DPSK

Resonant
antenna

Corresponds to a resonant transmission

line, and the dipole antennas describe
so far have been resonant.

The technique that uses the BPSK

vector relationship to generate an
output with logical 0s and 1s
determined by comparing the phase of
two successive data bits is
A special digital modulation technique
that achieves high data rates in limitedbandwidth channels is called

Responsivity

In fiber optics, it is a measure of the

conversion efficiency of a
photodetector. It is the ratio of the
output current of a photodiode to the
input optical power and has the unit of
amperes per watt

Quadrature
amplitude
modulation
(QAM)
Ionospheric
fading
characteristics

FSK systems are much superior to twotone amplitude-modulation systems with

respect to

Static fatigue

A phenomenon also called stress

corrosion resulting if the glass fiber is
exposed to long periods of high
humidity?

Eye pattern

Using an oscilloscope to display

overlayed received data bits that
provide information on noise, jitter, and
linearity is called a(n)

Spread
spectrum

The type of radio transmission that uses

pseudorandomly switched
transmissions is known as

Plancks law

The theory which states that when

visible light or high-frequency

Code-division
multipleaccess
systems

The acronym CDMA refers to

________.

Orthogonal
Frequency
Division
Multiplexing

The acronym OFDM refers to

________.

Radio
telemetry

Using radio to transmit gathered data

on some particular phenomenon without
human monitors is known as

FSK

The acronym for the form of data

transmission in which the modulating
wave shifts the output between two
predetermined frequencies is _____.

Use 8-bit PCM

code and
include 24
voice channels

The AT&T T1 lines

Brown

The ground wire in a USB cable is

______.

modem

A(n) ________ is used to allow a digital

signal to be transmitted on an analog
channel.

energy

The bit ________ is the amount of

power in a digital bit for a given amount
of time.

Channel

The relationship for bit rate to ________

bandwidth is defined by the ShannonHartley theorem.

Aperture time

In an S/H circuit, the time that it must

hold the sampled voltage is

Foldover
distortion and
aliasing

Error signals associated with the

sampling process are called

re-created

Pseudorandom implies a sequence that

can be _____ but has the properties of
randomness.

Hybrid

______ implies that both analog and

digital signals share the same channel
bandwidth.

Remote

Telemetry may be defined as _____

metering.

codec

Pulsefrequency
modulation
(PFM)

A(n) ________ is a single LSI chip

containing both the ADC and DAC
circuitry.

Which is not a type of pulse

modulation?

dc

The NRZ digital signal-encoding format

has a ________ component in the
waveform.

Noise
characteristics

PPM and PWM are superior to PAM

systems in
interleaving

Line Control

A procedure that decides which device

has permission to transmit at a given
time is called

ReedSolomon codes utilize a

technique called ________ to rearrange
the data into a nonlinear ordering
scheme to improve the chance of data
correction.

Slope overload

The major difficulty faced by delta

modulators is

V/m

The electric field intensity is measured

in:

polarization

It is a result of an increase in the charge

density in dielectric materials.

directivity

It refers to the maximum antenna gain.

radio horizon

The maximum horizontal distance

between the transmitter and the
receiver for line of sight propagation is
known as:

end fire

Typical mode of radiation of helical

antenna is:

vertical

The electric field is perpendicular to the

earths surface, the polarization is:

MF (Medium
Frequency)

In what major RF band is ground wave

basically applied?

standing wave
ratio

A measure of mismatch in a
transmission line

critical
frequency

The highest frequency that can be set

back to earth by the ionosphere, if wave
is sent vertically upward.

space wave

Travel in a straight line from the

transmitting antenna to the receiving
antenna.

they are very

reliable

VLF waves are for some types of

services because

wavelength

It is the distance between two wave

fronts having the same phase at any
given instant.

stub

It is a piece of transmission line which is

normally short-circuited at the far end.

length

The characteristic impedance of a

transmission line does not depend upon
its

input

Characteristic impedance of a
transmission line is the impedance
measured at the _______ when its
length is infinite.

F layer

Which region of the ionosphere is

mainly responsible for long-distance
night time communications?

rhombic

Which is properly terminated antenna?

diffraction

Occurs when the radio beam is at point

of grazing over an obstacle.

92.4 + 20log F
+ 20 log D

A microwave communications system,

space loss calculation formula is

Data Link layer

Is an OSI Layer which is responsible for

providing error-free communications
across the physical link connecting
primary and secondary stations (nodes)

Dynamic range

Is the ratio of the largest possible

magnitude to the smallest possible
magnitude that can be decoded by the
digital-to-analog converter.

Delta
modulation

Is a PCM system which uses a single

bit PCM code to achieve digital
transmission of analog signals.

Longitudinal
redundancy
check

Is a redundancy error detection scheme

that uses parity to determine if a
transmission error has occurred within a
message and is sometimes called
message parity.

Status Word
register

Is an n-bit data register inside the UART

that keeps track of the UARTs transmit
and receive buffer registers.

CSMA/CD

Is an access method used primarily with

LANs configured in a bus topology.

32 bits

IP version 4 address length is

Switch

Is a multiport bridge that provides

bridging function.

Router

Is a device which operates in the

Network layer and it makes forwarding
decisions on the basis of network
addresses.

51.84 Mbps

OC-1 (STS-1) line rate is

Peer-to-peer
client/server
network

Is one in which all computers share

their resources with all the other
computers on the network.

Channel
service unit

Is used to interface DTEs to digital

transmission channels

TCM

Modulation which combines encoding

and modulation to reduce the probability
of error.

BER

Is an empirical record of a systems

actual bit error performance

Hamming code

Is an error-correcting code used for

correcting transmission errors in
synchronous data streams.