Cc

giao thc nh tuyn

OSPF

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uOSPF l mt giao thc nh tuyn theo

lin kt trng thi c trin khai da trn
cc chun m.
uThut ton i hi cc nt mng c y
thng tin v ton b topo ca mng
uOSPF c m t trong nhiu ti liu ca
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force).
uOSPF v2: RFC2328
uOSPF v3: RFC5340
3/2/16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uOSPF khc phc c cc nhc im ca RIP

uOSPF c kh nng m rng, ph hp vi cc h
thng mng hin i.

Hnh 4: Mng OSPF ln c thit k phn cp va chia thnh

nhiu vng
3/2/16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uOSPF cho mng ln c phn cp:
uchia thnh nhiu vng
uCc vng u c kt ni vo vng vng xng sng
(backbone) l vng 0

3/2/16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uVng trong OSPF c nh danh bi 32bits, v cu trc ging nh a ch IP
(cng c th c nh danh vi mt s
thp phn)
u0.0.0.0 c s dng cho vng backbone

3/2/16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uCc vng mng phi c kt ni vt l
vo mng backbone.

M hnh mng OSPF ln thc t

3/2/16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uc im thit k phn cp:

Thng tin trng thi lin kt, topo ca mi vng khng

c qung b ra vng ngoi
Router kt ni mt vng v vng 0 (backbone) l router
bin
2 router bin ca cng 1 vng c lin kt vi nhau
trong vng 0 bng lin kt o
Cost ca lin kt o l cost i gia 2 router bin trong
vng ca n
Cc tuyn ng ni vng gi l intra-area routes.
Cc tuyn ng ngoi vng gi l inter-area routes.
Cc tuyn ng hc c t giao thc nh tuyn lin
vng gi la external routes.

3/2/16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uu im ca thit k phn cp trong
OSPF:
Kiu thit k ny cho php kim sot hot
ng cp nht nh tuyn.
Gim ti ca hot ng nh tuyn, tng tc
hi t,
Gii hn s thay i ca h thng mng vo
tng vng v tng hiu sut hot ng.

3/2/16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uc im ca giao thc OSPF:
S dng gii thut ng ngn nht.
Ch cp nht khi c s kin xy ra.
Gi gi thng tin v trng thi cc lin kt cho tt c cc router
trong mng.
Mi router c ci nhn y v cu trc h thng mng.
Hi t nhanh.
Khng b lp vng.
Ph hp vi cc mng ln c cu trc phc tp.
i hi nhiu b nh v nng lng x l hn so vi nh tuyn
theo vect khong cch.
Tn t bng thng hn so vi nh tuyn theo vect khong
cch.
Tt c cc gi tin u c xc thc.
ng gi gi tin OSPF trc tip trong IP.

3/2/16

Tm ng gia cc min khc nhau

Bng nh tuyn cc min

Mi router bin tm tt cho vng ca n cost cn thit i n cc

ch min ngoi
Sau khi cc ng i ngn nht c Snh cho vng th cc ng i
ngn nht n cc ch ngoi vng cng c Snh xy dng bng
nh tuyn y .

Vic Snh ng i c thc hin 2 cp intra-area v inter-area

ng i gm 3 phn

Intra-route t ngun n nt bin ca vng c ngun

Backbone route t vng ngun n vng ch
Intra-route t nt bin ch n ch

Cc ng i ngn nht ca 3 phn trn c chn

Nt bin ngun c chn l nt cho php n ch vi ng i
ngn nht

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uOSPF nh tuyn theo trng thi lin kt xc nh cc
router lng ging v thit lp mi quan h vi cc lng
ging ny.

Hnh 5: Link l mt cng/ interface trn router.

Link-state: trng thi ca mt lin kt gia hai router, bao gm trng thi
ca mt cng trn router va mi quan h gia n vi router lng ging kt
ni vo cng o
3/2/16

11

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

u Mi router p dng thut ton ng i ngn (chi ph nh nht) ln
c s d liu ca n tnh ng n tt c cc mng ch.
u Mi lin kt c chi ph tng ng. Gi tr c th c thit lp bi
qun tr. VD: khong cch, throughput v.v...

Hnh 4: Cost gi tr chi ph t cho mi lin kt

3/2/16

12

Hot ng chung
Khi router c bt, n chy hello protocol khm ph topo mng

Gi bn rn Hello n cc nt hng xm v nhn bn rn Hello t cc hng xm

thit lp quan h lng ging 2 chiu.

Mi mng mulrple access bu ra mt Designated router.

Cc router thng xuyn gi thng rn v trng thi lin kt ca n

Mi router thuc on mng mulrple access gi bn rn update v DR

DR lu topo ca ton mng v gi bn rn LSA cha topo ny i tt c cc nt
khc trong vng

Cc router gi thng rn v trng thi lin kt ca n khi c thay i.

LSAs c ooding trn ton vng thng nht mi nt u c cng
mt c s d liu trng thi lin kt.
Cc router k thng xuyn ng b link-state database bng cch gi
nhau cc bn rn Database descripron, mi bn rn cha mt tp cc
LSA. Cc router khi nhn c LSA mi hn s cp nht
Ngoi ra c th yu cu cp nht bng LSA request

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uCc OSPF router phi thit lp mi quan h lng

ging trao i thng tin nh tuyn.

uTrong mi mt mng IP kt ni vo router, n u c

gng t nht l tr thnh mt lng ging hoc l lng
ging thn mt vi mt router khc.
uRouter OSPF quyt nh chn router no lm lng
ging thn mt l tu thuc vo mng kt ni ca n.
uKhi mi quan h lng ging thn mt c thit lp
gia hai lng ging vi nhau th thng tin v trng thi
ng lin kt mi c trao i.

3/2/16

14

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uOSPF nhn bit ba loi mng sau:

Mng qung b a truy cp, v d nh mng Ethernet.

Mng im-ni-im, PPP.
Mng khng qung b a truy cp (NBMA Nonbroadcast
multi-access), v d nh Frame Relay.

3/2/16

15

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

u Mt vng OSPF c th bao gm nhiu on mng a truy nhp

u Trong on mng qung ba a truy cp c rt nhiu router kt ni,

nu mi router u thc hin trao i thng tin thi s qu ti.
u Gii php cho vn qu ti trn l bu ra mt router lm i din
(DR Designated Router). Router ny s thit lp mi quan h k
vi mi router khc trong mng qung ba.
u Mi router cn li s ch gi thng tin v trng thi ng lin kt
cho DR. Sau o DR s gi cc thng tin ny cho mi router khc
trong mng bng a ch mutlticast 224.0.0.5.
u DR ng vai tr nhu mt ngi pht ngn chung ca on mng a
truy nhp. N s lu gi topo mng v thng xuyn gi update.

3/2/16

16

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

u Cn c mt router th hai c bu ra lm router i din d
phng (BDR Backup Designated Router), router ny s m trch
vai tr ca DR nu DR b s c.
u m bo c DR v BDR u nhn c cc thng tin v trng
thi ng lin kt t mi router khc trong cng mt mng, ngi
ta s dng a ch multicast 224.0.0.6 cho cc router i din.

3/2/16

17

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uKhun dng gi tin OSPF:

Hnh 4: Gi tin OSPF

3/2/16

18

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uCc loi bn tin trong OSPF:

Cc bn tin trong OSPF c cng mt thng tin

header
Gi rn OSPF c ng gi trong gi IP
Cc gi tin phc v cho thng tin nh tuyn lun
mang trng ToS (Type of Service) l 0
C 5 loi bn tin trong OSPF:

3/2/16

Gi tin HELLO
Gi tin Database description
Gi tin Link-state request
Gi tin Link-state update
Gi tin Link-state acknowledgment
19

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

uCc loi bn tin OSPF:

Hello: dng thit lp v duy tr mi quan h

hng xm vi nhng router khc .
DBD: Bn tin c dng trao i ton b linkstate Database phc v cho vic ng b cc
router k
LSR: Link state request, yu cu mt thng tin
lin kt cp nht hn
LSU: Link-state update c s dng tr li
LSRs cng nh cng b thng tin mi.
LSAck: khi 1 LSU c nhn,router gi 1 LinkState Acknowledgement (LSAck) xc nhn
LSU.
3/2/16

20

Gi tin Hello
unh dng thng ip bn tin Hello

Hnh 4: Gi tin Hello ca OSPF

3/2/16

21

Gi tin Hello

u nh dng thng ip bn tin Hello ca OSPF:

Network mask cha mt n ca mng m qua thng ip
c gi i.
Dead Timer cho gi tr thi gian (s), sau thi gian ny nu my
ln cn khng tr li th c xem nh cht (VD: Gp 4 ln
chu k hello)
Hello Inter khong cch thi gian (s) gia cc thng ip Hello.
Mc nh vi mng multiaccess v point-to-point l 10s v 30s
vi mng non-broadcast multiaccess (NBMA)
Gway Prio l u tin ca b nh tuyn ny, tnh theo s
nguyn v c s dng trong vic chn my d phng cho b
nh tuyn c ch nh.
Designated Router v Backup Designated Router cha a ch
ca b nh tuyn ca router DR v BDR.
Neighbor IP Address cha a ch IP ca tt c cc my ln cn
m ni gi va mi nhn cc thng ip Hello t .

3/2/16

22

Giao thc Hello

uHot ng: Mi router gi multicast gi hello gi

lin lc vi cc router lng ging. Gi hello mang
thng tin v cc mng kt ni trc tip vo router.

Hnh 4: S dng hello xc nh router lng ging

3/2/16

23

Giao thc Hello

uHot ng ca gi tin HELLO:

Gi gi tin multicast n a ch 224.0.0.5 trn
tt c cc interfaces
Gi gi tin unicast trn cc lin kt o
Cc gi tin HELLO c chu k 10s trn LAN v
30s trn NBMA
S dng thnh lp quan h kt ni vi cc
lng ging lin k
Quan h lng ging c lp khi 1 routeur
thy tn mnh trong bn tin hello ca lng
ging
3/2/16

24

RFC 2328

OSPF Version 2

April 1998

A.3.3 The Database Description packet

Gi tin Database description

Database Description packets are OSPF packet type 2. These packets
are exchanged when an adjacency is being initialized. They describe
the contents of the link-state database. Multiple packets may be
used to describe the database. For this purpose a poll-response
procedure is used. One of the routers is designated to be the
master, the other the slave. The master sends Database Description
packets (polls) which are acknowledged by Database Description
packets sent by the slave (responses). The responses are linked to
the polls via the packets DD sequence numbers.

uDng khi cc router ng b vi nhau:

0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Version #
|
2
|
Packet length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Router ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Area ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Checksum
|
AuType
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Interface MTU
|
Options
|0|0|0|0|0|I|M|MS
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
DD sequence number
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
|
+-+
|
|
+An LSA Header
-+
|
|
+-+
|
|
+-+
|
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
...
|

3/2/16

Moy

Standards Track

[Page 195]

25

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

Cc b nh tuyn dng gi tin database description
ng b c s d liu cu hnh mng ca chng.
Khi trao i, mt router ng vi tr l ch, cc router
khc ng vai tr t v p tr li mi thng ip
database description ny.
Bit I c set l 1 vi gi u tin.
Bit M c set l 1 nu c thm cc gi tip theo sau.
Bit S ch ra rng thng ip c gi i bi my ch
(1) hay my th (0).

3/2/16

26

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

unh dng gi tin database description ca OSPF:
Vng Database sequence number c nh s th t cc
thng ip ni nhn c th bit c ci no b mt.
Phn cn li ca gi rn bao gm danh sch cc phn ca CSDL linkstate. Mi phn l mt LSA vi header ring
Tp hp cc LSA to thnh CSDL link-state
Cc loi LSA:
Network LSA: Xut pht t Designated router
Router LSA: Xut pht t cc router cn li
Sumary LSA: Tm tt thng rn nh tuyn ca mt vng
AS external LSA: qung b thng rn trng thi thu thp c t mng ngoi vo
trong vng

3/2/16

27

All LSAs begin with a common 20 byte header. This header contains
enough information to uniquely identify the LSA (LS type, Link State
ID, and Advertising Router). Multiple instances of the LSA may
exist in the routing domain at the same time. It is then necessary
to determine which instance is more recent. This is accomplished by
examining the LS age, LS sequence number and LS checksum fields that
are also contained in the LSA header.

LSA

0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS age
|
Options
|
LS type
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link State ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Advertising Router
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS sequence number
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS checksum
|
length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

LSA: Link state adverrsement, m t mt lin kt vi mt router hay mt

on mng
LS age
The time in seconds since the LSA was originated.
Tiu chung ca cc LSA bao gm:
Options
LS age: thi gian sng (giy) k t khi LSA c sinh ra
The optional capabilities supported by the described portion of
LS type: Kiu ca LSA
the routing domain. OSPFs optional capabilities are documented
Link state ID: a ch IP xc nh phn mng ang c m t trong LSA, ty theo
in Section A.2.
LS type.
type
LS Adverrsing router: a ch router gi LSA ny
The type of the LSA. Each LSA type has a separate advertisement
LS sequence number, checksum, length
format. The LSA types defined in this memo are as follows (see
Section 12.1.3 for further explanation):

LSA
RFC 2328

OSPF Version 2

RFC 2328

April 1998

LS Type
Description
___________________________________
1
Router-LSAs
2
Network-LSAs
3
Summary-LSAs (IP network)
4
Summary-LSAs (ASBR)
5
AS-external-LSAs

OSPF Version 2

April 1998

Link State ID
LS Type
Link State
This field identifies
the portion
of theIDinternet environment
that is being described
by the LSA. The contents of this field
_______________________________________________
depend on the LSAs
LS
type.
For
example, inrouters
network-LSAs
theID.
1
The
originating
Router
Link State ID is 2
set to the The
IP interface
address
of theof the
IP interface
address
networks Designated Router networks
(from whichDesignated
the networks
IP address
Router.
can be derived). 3The Link State
ID
is
further
discussed
The destination networks IPinaddress.
Section 12.1.4. 4
The Router ID of the described AS

boundary router.

Advertising Router
5
The destination networks IP address.
The Router ID of the router that originated the LSA. For
example, in network-LSAs this field is equal to the Router ID of
the networks Designated Router.

Table 16: The LSAs Link State ID.

LS sequence number
additionally
one or instances
more of the
destination
networks
Detects old or duplicate
LSAs. have
Successive
of an
LSA
"host"
bits set.
For example,
when originating
an ASare given successive
LS sequence
numbers.
See Section
12.1.6
for more details.external-LSA for the network 10.0.0.0 with mask of

255.0.0.0, the Link State ID can be set to anything in the

RFC 2328

Router-LSA
OSPF Version 2

April 1998

A.4.2 Router-LSAs

Router-LSAs are the Type 1 LSAs. Each router in an area originates

a router-LSA. The LSA describes the state and cost of the routers
links (i.e., interfaces) to the area. All of the routers links to
the area must be described in a single router-LSA. For details
concerning the construction of router-LSAs, see Section 12.4.1.

#link: s giao din c c t trong LSA

0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS age
|
Options
|
1
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link State ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Advertising Router
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS sequence number
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS checksum
|
length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
0
|V|E|B|
0
|
# links
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link Data
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Type
|
# TOS
|
metric
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
...
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
TOS
|
0
|
TOS metric
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link Data
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
...
|

Router-LSA
Mi LSA c th m t nhiu lin kt. Vi mi lin kt:
Type:

1 Point-to-point,
2 n mng transit,
3 n mng stub,
4 link o

Link Data: Gi tr khc nhau ty thuc loi link, a ch IP giao

din ca router, mt n ca stub v.v..
Link ID : a ch router/designated router/mng c router gi
LSA ny kt ni n
Metrics: n v nh tuyn
#TOS: s lng metrics TOS c th c km theo vi 1 lin kt,
khng k metrics chnh
Mi lin kt c th c nhiu thng rn v cc metrics TOS

RFC 2328

Network-LSA
OSPF Version 2

April 1998

A.4.3 Network-LSAs

LSA m t mt on mng i din bi mt Designated Router

Network-LSAs are the Type 2 LSAs. A network-LSA is originated for
each broadcast and NBMA network in the area which supports two or
more routers. The network-LSA is originated by the networks
Lit k tt c cc router ca on mng
Designated Router. The LSA describes all routers attached to the
network, including the Designated Router itself. The LSAs Link
State ID field lists the IP interface address of the Designated
Khong cch t mi router n mng coi nh =0 v th khng c trng
Router.
metrics The distance from the network to all attached routers is zero. This
is why metric fields need not be specified in the network-LSA. For
Network mask: mt n ca on mng
details concerning the construction of network-LSAs, see Section
12.4.2.
Tip theo l danh sch cc router kt ni vo on mng

0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS age
|
Options |
2
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link State ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Advertising Router
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS sequence number
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS checksum
|
length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Network Mask
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Attached Router
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
...
|

Network Mask
The IP address mask for the network. For example, a class A
network would have the mask 0xff000000.

RFC 2328
A.4.4 Summary-LSAs

OSPF Version 2

Sumary-LSA

April 1998

Summary-LSAs are the Type 3 and 4 LSAs. These LSAs are originated
by area border routers. Summary-LSAs describe inter-area
destinations. For details concerning the construction of summaryLSAs, see Section 12.4.3.

Sumary-LSA sinh ra bi Border router

M ta mt vng ch mc inter-area
Trng Type= 3 nu ch l 1 mng IP
Trng type =4 nu ch l 1 router bin ca 1 vng
Type 3 summary-LSAs are used when the destination is an IP network.
In this case the LSAs Link State ID field is an IP network number
(if necessary, the Link State ID can also have one or more of the
networks "host" bits set; see Appendix E for details). When the
destination is an AS boundary router, a Type 4 summary-LSA is used,
and the Link State ID field is the AS boundary routers OSPF Router
ID. (To see why it is necessary to advertise the location of each
ASBR, consult Section 16.4.) Other than the difference in the Link
State ID field, the format of Type 3 and 4 summary-LSAs is
identical.

0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS age
|
Options
|
3 or 4
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link State ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Advertising Router
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS sequence number
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS checksum
|
length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Network Mask
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
0
|
metric
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
TOS
|
TOS metric
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
...
|

neighbors database that are more up-to-date.

Request packets may need to be used.

Multiple Link State

A router that sends a Link State Request packet has in mind the
precise instance of the database pieces it is requesting. Each
instance is defined by its LS sequence number, LS checksum, and LS
age, although these fields are not specified in the Link State
Request Packet itself. The router may receive even more recent
instances in response.

Gi tin link state request

The sending of Link State Request packets is documented in Section
10.9. The reception of Link State Request packets is documented in
Section 10.7.

0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Version #
|
3
|
Packet length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Router ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Area ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Checksum
|
AuType
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
LS type
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Link State ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Advertising Router
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
...
|

3/2/16

MoyGi tin ny yu cu
cc router ln cn cp[Page
nht197]
trng thi lin
Standards Track
kt ca cc link c th.
Mi yu cu c trng bi: LS type, Link state ID, routeur
qung co thng tin link-state.
Cc my ln cn s tr li vi thng tin mi nht m n c c
v cc lin kt .

34

implement the flooding of LSAs. Each Link State Update packet

carries a collection of LSAs one hop further from their origin.
Several LSAs may be included in a single packet.
Link State Update packets are multicast on those physical networks
that support multicast/broadcast. In order to make the flooding
procedure reliable, flooded LSAs are acknowledged in Link State
Acknowledgment packets. If retransmission of certain LSAs is
necessary, the retransmitted LSAs are always sent directly to the
neighbor. For more information on the reliable flooding of LSAs,
consult Section 13.

Gi tin link state update

0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Version #
|
4
|
Packet length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Router ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Area ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Checksum
|
AuType
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
# LSAs
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
|
++-+
|
LSAs
|
++-+
|
...
|

Cha mt danh sch cc LSA c yu cu

Moy

Standards Track

[Page 199]

Link State Acknowledgment Packets are OSPF packet type 5. To make

the flooding of LSAs reliable, flooded LSAs are explicitly
acknowledged. This acknowledgment is accomplished through the
sending and receiving of Link State Acknowledgment packets.
Multiple LSAs can be acknowledged in a single Link State
Acknowledgment packet.

Gi rn Link-state ACK

Depending on the state of the sending interface and the sender of

the corresponding Link State Update packet, a Link State
Acknowledgment packet is sent either to the multicast address
AllSPFRouters, to the multicast address AllDRouters, or as a
unicast. The sending of Link State Acknowledgement packets is
documented in Section 13.5. The reception of Link State
Acknowledgement packets is documented in Section 13.7.

Ch cha cc LSA header ca cc LSA cn ACK

The format of this packet is similar to that of the Data Description
packet. The body of both packets is simply a list of LSA headers.
0
1
2
3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Version #
|
5
|
Packet length
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Router ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Area ID
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Checksum
|
AuType
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
Authentication
|
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|
|
+-+
|
|
+An LSA Header
-+
|
|
+-+

Moy

Standards Track

[Page 201]

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

nh tuyn OSPF s dng khi nim v vng. Mi

router xy dng mt c s d liu y v trng
thi cc ng lin kt trong mt vng.
Mt vng trong mng OSPF c cp s t 0 n
65.535. Nu OSPF n vng th l vng 0.
Trong mng OSPF a vng, tt c cc vng u phi
kt ni vo vng 0.
Vng 0 c gi l vng xng sng.
Trc tin phi khi ng tin trnh nh tuyn OSPF
trn router, khai bo a ch mng v ch s vng.
a ch mng c khai bo km theo wildcard mask
ch khng phi l subnet mask.
Ch s danh nh (ID) ca vng c vit di dng
s hoc di dng s thp phn c du chm tng
t nh IP.

3/2/16

37

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

u wildcard mask: l mt mt n xc nh
phn no trong a ch IP c th nhn gi
tr bt k
uWildecard cng tng t nh subnet
mark nhng phn 1 v 0 c o li
Thng c dng km vi mt a ch IP. V
d trong mt access list c 1 lut:
Cho d liu t subnet 10.0.3.0/24 i qua
C ngha l 3 bytes u phi l 10.0.3, byte cui l
bt k
3/2/16

38

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

u Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS:

khi ng nh tuyn OSPF, dng lnh sau trong ch cu

hnh ton cc:
Router (config)#router ospf process-id
Chng ta khai bo a ch mng cho OSPF nh sau:
Router(config-router)#network address wildcard-mask
area area-id

3/2/16

39

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

uOSPF s bu DR da trn router ID. Router ID no

ln nht s c chn. Chng ta c th quyt nh
kt qu bu chn DR bng cch t gi tr u tin
cho cng ca router kt ni vo mng .
Router(config-if)#ip ospf priority number
Router#show ip ospf interfacetype number

3/2/16

40

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

u OSPF s dng chi ph lm thng s (cost) chn ng tt nht.
Gia tr chi ph ny lin quan n ng truyn va d liu nhn vo ca mt cng
trn router.
Mc nh, chi ph ca mt kt ni c tnh theo cng thc 108/bng thng, trong o
bng thng c tnh theo n v bit/s.
Tuy nhin ngi qun tr mng c th cu hnh gia tr chi ph bng nhiu cch. Cng
no c chi ph thp thi cng o s c chn chuyn d liu.
Cisco IOS t ng tnh chi ph da trn bng thng ca cng tng ng. Tuy nhin
chng ta cng cn cu hnh bng thng ng cho cng ca router.

3/2/16

41

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

uCc router trong mt vng cn c cu hnh thc

hin xc thc m bo thng tin inh tuyn trao i
vi nhau.
Mi mt cng OSPF trn router cn c mt kho xc thc
s dng khi gi cc thng tin OSPF cho cc router khc cng
kt ni vi cng .
Kha xc thc, hay cn gi l mt m, c chia s gia hai
router.
Kho ny s dng to ra d liu xc minh (trng
Authentication data) t trong phn header ca gi OSPF.
Mt m ny c th di n 8 k t.
Router (config-if)#ip ospf authenticationkeypassword
Router(config-router)#areaarea-number
authentication

3/2/16

42

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

uKim tra cu hnh vi OSPF:

Show ip ospf

Lnh ny cho bit s ln s dng thut

ton SPF, ng thi cho bit khong thi
gian cp nht khi mng khng c g thay i

Show ip ospf neighbor

detail

Lit k chi tit cc lng ging, gi tr u tin

ca chng v trng thi ca chng.

Show ip ospf database

Hin th ni dung ca c s d liu v cu

trc h thng mng trn router, ng thi
cho bit router ID, ID ca tin trnh OSPF.

3/2/16

43

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

uKim tra cu hnh vi OSPF:

Clear ip route *

Xo ton b bng nh tuyn.

Clear ip route a.b.c.d Xo ng a.b.c.d trong bng nh tuyn

Debug ip ospf events

Bo co mi s kin ca OSPF.

Debug ip ospf adj

Bo co mi s kin v hot ng quan h

thn mt ca OSPF.

3/2/16

44

Cu hnh OSPF vi Cisco IOS

uKt lun:

OSPF c th hot ng trn nhiu mi trng

mng (ln & nh) v c nhiu u im hn cc giao
thc nh tuyn vector khong cch.
OSPF c u im l c th nh tuyn theo kiu
dch v. Ngi qun tr c th ci t nhiu tuyn
ng i n mt ch no , mi tuyn ng
dnh cho mt u tin hay u tin mt dch v
no .
OSPF cung cp c ch cn bng ti (load
balancing)
OSPF cung cp c ch xc thc cho cc gi tin
mang thng tin nh tuyn
3/2/16

45

Bi tp ln
Minh ha hot ng ca cc giao thc nh tuyn

M phng hot ng ca giao thc trong cc trng hp v giai

on khc nhau (c th dng GNS 3)
Bt v phn Sch cc gi rn bt c trn cc lin kt mng
trong cc giai on trn
Vit bo co
Trnh by demo trn lp.

Cc giao thc c th chn:

RIP v1, RIP v2, OSPF, BGP, cc giao thc cho cc mng adhoc

Mi nhm 3-4 sinh vin

Deadline to nhm v chn ti: 8/3
Bt u bo co t: 19/4