DAI HOC QUOC GIA TP H6 CHI MINH TRUONG DAI HOC BACH KHOA ‘Lé Van Viét Man (Chi bién) Lai Quée Dat - Nguyén Thi Hién ‘Ton Na Minh Nguy@t - Trén Thi Thu Tra CONG NGHE CHE BIEN THUC PHAM (Tai ban lén thit hai) NHA XUAT BAN DAI HQC QUOC GIA TP HO CHi MINH - 20116Lt ut ct ont eet gut vor 16 og on 99 eo oy sv ey aw 88 ve ew ot 11 1 ba unp dg sts dg grt voy Bugg ITS ugIyaN OTT yury oObL STS Uda Id STS ouvsquieut Sugq Suet UBUd LTS as OT OTe Vie wy £1 9S Bupl VTS 5 OA YPRL 81S rol URY STS woes weT TTS SLBA YUL PMH TS WyHa OfHL d3IHON ONQO ONOWL JHON OND HNLL YD DOs MPM open ure ent FAL Urey 291A doqyBu Bugo yuTYsU og Buoy ay Buon wipyd of Guys Sago yEBE Ey tA “EST rendu woo oyp urpyd amy dgo Suno a yp ups Bugus oy Buon mpyd ofyy ousu Bugs yuRsE I LA SST urgyd aftyn gue Bago ga awnb IU TCT ugg oe YBa Bu9D ZT unpyd ony Baby ypu BA Sunp nes yond ego wry wen gp upA BuNGN PTT ‘upyd ofp eno Budny apy nan YP 9% ETT wupyd ony Teor ayy SET 28 Bl wpyd GL TTT wpyd AGL TT Wyld O/H 3HON NGO YA WYHd ONAL 9A LYND IH AF Per AYE ION IQT on SAW (DEL-0£9"L9'ND- yg _tHWOH'DDHG PO-LEbIAXO/LLOZ-8 —S eo2.1.14 Xitly thye phém bing 4p sudt cao 2.1.15 Chigu xa 2.1.16 Chan 2.1.17 Thanh tring va tigt tring 2.1.18 Chien 2.1.19 Nuéng, rang, sao 2.1.20 Lam lanh 2.1.21 Lanh dong Tai ligu tham khao 2.2 Qué trinh héa hoe 2.2.1 Thiy yan 2.2.2 Trung hda va kiém héa ‘Tai ligu tham khado 2.8 Qué trinh hoa ly 2.8.1 Trich ly 2.8.2 Cd dic bing nhiét 2.3.3 Say 2.8.4 Bong ty 2.3.5 Két tinh 2.3.6 Chung edt 2.3.7 Hap thy va hap phy 2.8.8 Trao déi ion ‘Tai ligu tham Khao 24 Qué trinh sinh hoe 2.4.1 Nhén ging vi sinh vat 242 Len men 2.4.3 Uom mim ‘Tai ligu tham khao 2.5. Qué trinh héa sinh Tai ligu tham khio 198 210 222 231 251 262 272 207 289 291 291 302 309 310 310 320 332 357 365 381 386 395 404 406 406 417 429 439 440 462 Phén 8: QUY TRINH SAN XUAT MOT SO THYC PHAM CONG NGHIEP 3.1 Ch€ bién luong thye 9.1.1 Tinh bot 3.1.2 Bénh mi 8.1.8 Bénh bfch quy 3.1.4 Mi an lién 3.1.5 Snack ‘Tai ligu tham khdo 3.2 Sin xuét dung 3.2.1 Dudng mia 3.2.2 Duong nha ‘Tai ligu tham khdo 8.3 Sin xudlt keo ‘Tai ligu tham khéo 8.4. Ché bign rau trai 3.4.1 Dé hop tréi cay ngam dung 3.4.2 Nectar 8.4.3 Met jam 8.44 Rau mudi chua ‘Tai ligu tham khao 8.5 Ché bién dau 3.8.1 Sta dgu nanh 3.5.2 Dau ho 3.5.8 Protein concentrate ti dgu nanh ‘Tai ligu tham khdo 8.6 San xudt thie ung pha ché 3.6.1 The uéng khong 06 bn 3.6.2 Thite uéing 06 cén ‘Tai ligu tham khdo 463 465 465 480 496 514 529 539 541 BAL 567 878 879 595 596 596 610 621 629 637 638 638 650 687 668 670 670 679 688sons ‘aiys ‘po upIg BYP 109q NYP IPM UPS suo iy Bagman psd Bum 2 se eos noe vod) upng ayo {084 “Suan 1px ups ‘ays Suom WH | oe) harap 20my Kou py wos 200 tapyd 278 dye Bee oe 7 | hag many wipyd ups 96 sou apme ups yurtes knb Gog Yutss 8 MPF : : aunuquiou Sun upyd iq spa Sup 26 ‘ue 0 Bupa py 3) nat Aye Bupg 1 eI 2 ee age bugs Bug Bupy eh 2 2 2M WAP WH re aay ugg in wosBu 008 we] mt roe Pe GY APNE HES dan sud So 10) Bayo ~owmaqunu Buy Bur! wrt 2 ere Sugg tape vy Ay Tee aust pmb mage oN BIA PME OL NEUE trent apn agp ou sy Die co oma tn pr ge 26a PIT EN tor Bunyo ‘Cou upyd Suosy,"yuns DOM en 364 Yue “BPH oP ie pr woe g unig Tye oémp Kou yutsT PrP 2] ~wAPHE wa a yupsu Buoss Burp ws aonp sous Gy yuan pnb po 98 0° & MPM i ‘ono mo ‘yd 92 “0 4910 7H 2ugo en wap na 9a tomb ron na AB T MPM | yuayo upd 09 uni o1yo abnp yoos pnd Bump IN| eo dpryau Suga wpyd azys upp won wet] UPA 09 ‘uma 264 3y8u Buoo 9a udm doyd Suanyd 264 20ru op ig Bucy vy 964 wou Opa nats hye Bugr Op2 264 19P 269 O07 RP quay Sunnyo uous 2679 9p9 264 HOU BI SOE WOH dl 799 29M 264 nowy yore 264 rq Buanay, or mpd ats byBu Buea yweba oy ump te yuts ovo oo tupud omy pa pp dyBU Bulg 204 wow Sep 3 ‘pp whos aig oénp mpyd ony ugg gy d4Bu BuoD Y>He UR"D supp 2onb 91 yury ug opo Bunyo wptst spud ne App amg upd do8 ‘apa aps ap ugo Ou pt Buoss UDP yen Sno Bugn up npo myu eyo epg wp upd wpe apo dpo Buna 9p Ne Bum, supyd apa dirysu Suge yuodu agus yd ‘ow 8 apnb 4 38 e wb apead Bugo yuodu vy wax aénp wom wpyd ohye dirysu 8499 “yup up Bui spyo a Butp amg “upun apd dgpyu Bugo oon ‘ut D1 wpip mn oo dgryBu Suge wpyd amyl “Uzna PY a apo 0 2138 20D “CoB Buoy uP 209 Buas) Bubs wom eu ron BB Wn Buop 2p wou put Bug KoBu dényfu Buco ou knb e une gp vinp wpud oft acpi putp va ow &nb 0 ugig pyo bmp wupyd anys woy yudo nog ‘Kou ‘coByy ‘vend oo ono 199 09 Tipo nyu Bucy Buow ou a Buon uy nya 19N 197 spud ayn YU suupyd onus dui Bue oni pry Bury mn er0r otot Toot 166 086 126 296 296 a6 196 986 616 106 68 ¥68 168, sus 98 eee 6ze sz eis 262, 6Lt vo ¥en, aL ore ore og. 914 20 689 689 ose urey nary rey, wey LIT's pa gre wu oud S1re wou wg Bg FITS seqas e1r'e agp 09 mS TITS Bug 398 BOs TIT ens wag 949 11's Opus Urey RENT FEL raung yore tou Bugx ¥O fOT'e Sugar 39N WR NX TOT’ wed Ore yo ait uaIq 2UD Ore ope wey nett TRL oueREW 76 Suruew0yg 16e wpsny UR EC Tee o9q npp yenx ues SyBuBu0g Be ova wreus nen Fe, seo204D 9°8'8 ov woe See wey Boy aud ED PSE Avex Bue oud 2D e'e"¢ top EAL Z8'e queX RAL 8 ow wo ea aud Yo “ess UaIG BUD 8g opus uneys oT TRL uungs nena ¥L'e Sasa ning $25 a 18 ung ree ‘wow ual Sugn ony qenx uRg pg- PGS.TS. Le Van Vise Man + Phan 1; * Phin 2: ben soan ode n6i dung 2.1. Qui tinh oft ly (mye 2.14, | 216 ~ 21.7, 2111 va 21.14 ~ 2.1.19); 22. Qué trink héa hoor 23. Qué trink hda by (mye 28.1 ~ 23.4 va 2.3.7 ~ 23.8); 24.| ud trink sink hoe: 2.5. Qua trink héa sinhs i + Phin 3: bitn soan ede ngi dung 2.2. San xudt duong (mue 3.2.2) 3.6. Sin sudt thie wing pha ché; 8.7. San zudt thie wing len | ‘men; 8.11. ChE bitn sia. | ~ TAS. Lai Quéc Bat i + Phén 2: bién soan cde noi dung.2.1. Qué trink vat ly (mue 21.1 ~| | i | QuyBn stich duuge phan cong bién sogn nhus sau: | | i 2.13; 2.1.5, 21.8 - 2.1.10, 2.112 va 2.1.20 ~ 2.1.21); 23. Qua trink héa Is (mue 2.3.5 ~ 2.3.6). ThS. Nguyén Thi Hién + Phén 3: bien soan cde noi dung 9.5. Ché bién du; 3.10. Ché bién thit, ed. - ThS, Ton Na Minh Neuyét + Phin 3: bién soan ede noi dung 3.4. Ché bin rau tréi; 3.9. Sin xudt déu béo, - ThS. Trén Thi Thu Tra + Phéin 2; bien soan ngi dung 2.1. Qué trink vat ly (mye 2.1.13); + Phén 3: bitn soan ede ngi dung 8.1. ChE bién luong thuc; 3.2. Sin xudt dudng (muc 3.2.1); 3.8. San xuét keo. - TAS. Trin Thi Thu Tra va ThS. Lai Quée Dat eiing bién soan + Phén 3: ngi dung 3.8. Ché bign tra, et phe va ca cao. Quyén stich nay cing 1a tai ligu tham khéo cho nhing ban doc dang cing téc trong link vue sin xudt va nghien citu vé thue phém. Ching t6i mong nhin duge § kitn dong gép cia ban doc vé ni dung cubn séch dé nhiing lin tai ban sdch dutge hoin chinh han. The tit gbp § xin giti vb BS mon Céng nghe thye phdm, ‘Truong Dai hee Bach khoa, Dai hoe Quée gia TP. HOM, 268 Ls Thueng Kiét, Q. 10, ‘TP. H6 Chi Minh. Dign thogi: (08) 38 64 62 51. t | Cha bien PGS.TS. Lé Van Vigt Mén PHAN 1 KHAI QUAT VE THUC PHAM VA CONG NGHE THUC PHAM-urpyd ups roy upyd gp (opnu nua) uxpad ofa Buon ae ovo Suény urey 99 PY dy oRA wp ey onde ‘soy voy upYE TERT oaup umpyd ofa veo uoyd dyyd Suonyd Buoay "ney Buy 964 POT apop doy narqu enyp Suonyn 47 3eq upd ofqy wyad TES IOC doy ugy Suep wyyd aft va pidty ned wapyd ofyy ‘urorord nee PYM one ‘PME nee wipyd ofuy syuryD wYE uog qUREA eIYS ohMP gus 9 vapyd AGL, 264 Boy UPYd YUEN OOM UIPE OAR HHO MBH (® suxpyd ofp roy upyd dyyd Buonud ‘eq ngqys woi8 es 10% Suqyp ‘Ap tony “no oyu St uesnse Sung 1uaay enp Bangg "wRYE ofA Te0T BUA ap dyad Buonyd narE™ 9D WyHd OMHL IVOl NyHd @TT ‘obnp wi ognb your hog ugiar Suna your ep? 99 wo PGE OF uyyd ups apo ue ep pp a4 Suous gun Saou 6 Banyo “9p oC, “9° UPS ngqy ugdndu ogo my our wpYd 9AYY BY WLS NaTIU UrETS UAIG ay BA of Sups yandu woo ‘werd yey ou eI £ May yO “ex FROIN, TEYY OFT zi ognb npryu ego Bunsy op wpyd afm poy oe pA MATE WEE Ue ngrp 99 19: axp Wann UEP TanBu ‘spre op eNIB ays BugD 964 WOIRT ‘Ba BOY WBA nn OBIE AAs “yDH] mp UgLED aBud AS "OY NED THOS gp UPA TOs Suro Geu UOT “WEN IIA BN OS FUP “oN UEH BHO IYO WHE “TPL aban op oneE YE Ap ja ‘Bug Suny op ea Sug upg wry ahi upyd ups Funyu 9 as anys wp uanb rom es SI vip TOPE MD ‘ayy £c3 ofA nus ‘Suonyd vip rou ‘uerqu Any, ““asoseypoes Buonp “ens nyu Ap 34 ‘Ip gua wyOs wa tou Ay Butip ns odmp wa upIG gud PX wapyd anep reoy os 10WN “Thor Bun ga Suep wp apr uryyd oAKL “nod yp ap yuReNA SomqE et 99 NOK apuD dy ogo “ung iA BUORT, Suonp yurp eT naA-nHp Yoxp ofr eryEE BON NaN BuRMD enb Burp nS yeni ‘woo afnp ‘yea Buop eA WBA afte MB 998 UNE go dy BOY IY oO dou egy 26m we] ayUd af TER 964 BOY OP 998 MH EIGN “TaN oo epO Sup ney wa Uy anu Teot 2g9 wep wen war] (Poop) euyyA of WEEE THUD é19 VI WYHd ONBL TTT WYHd OMHL bb u Miya opis JHON OGD YA MiyHa OAHL JA LynO 1yED L2 PHAN ® Thue phém giau glucid Glucid duge chia thanh hai nh ueid. dug m eg ban: nhém 6 Jugng thép va nhém e6 phan ti lugng cao, mite of Pato ot ~ Nhém glucid c6 phan ti lusng hsp bao gim oée loai duting nh slucose, fructose, saccharose, lactose, maltose vi cde loai Glgosacharde Ke. Mot ov dy vé this phim gau gad Bn ‘long thip Ta mat ong, mat tinh bot (dung nba), kgo ~ Nhém glucid 6 phan tit lugng a6 gém 06 ti hemicelose, pectin, aga mi Tol evcnehioe ee Trong a6, tinh bt I mot polysaccharide quan tonne beng ae duane ngs. Tinh bot o6 nid tong ed loi nga e6 (iam Le mech, Mia gn, bp, dai mach..) va ede logi ci Ckboat tay, hoa mi, kos lan.) Con cellulose TA mt ehit av quan trong N66 niu trong ede lpi rau. Vi dy v6 ahém thge pdm giau lide phn tug cao phé bitin @ mute tala bth mi, bi >iscuit, mi si, cdc loai bin duye ché bién tit a0, rau cus. 20) Thue phd giau protein Protein e6 nhiéu trong nguyé: ; hiéu trong nguyén ligu dong vat (thit, thiy sai mot s6 nhém nguyén ligu thye vat (cée loai dau, nam ma...). Mor abt dy vé thye phém giau protein 1a thi Sine me Protein Ia thit, e4 dong h6p; Ikh6 thit, ed; nam 31) Thute phdm giau lipid Cang véi glucid va protein, lipid 18 m6t trong ba thanh phn bét buge trong khdu phan an ha: th ngubi " a in hang ngay_ i. o situ pid ph bidn la du thye vt, bo, magarne. Ne PA 4i) Thue phdm dang hén hop C6 nhitng thie phdém ma ti 16 khéi h eda nl] eee (tri nuée) lai xp xi nhau. arts, cam oereree hing te Bain hu thé vao nhém thye phdm dang hén hop. Vi dy ah thong 30a bo iu, te him long ei gli, protein va pid gy wong Auong nau, Saa bd tuoi IA mot vi dy diém hinh che share thye phdm dang hin hgp, = aa | | | f i | | | ‘WAI QUAT VE THUG PHAM VA CONG NGHE THUG PHAM 13 CAn lau ¥ 1 ngoai glucid, protein va khéu phén an hang ngay eda con nguBi edn duge cung ep thém vitamin, khodng, nude va mot sO hgp chit khéc. b) Phan logi thye phéim theo mye dich sit dung i) Mue dich dink duang Hign nay, hdu hét ede loai thye phém duge con ngubi sit dung hang ngay nblim mye @icki ché yéu 1a dinh duong. Céc thanh phén trong thyc phdm Khi duge dua vao eo thé ngudi sé duge chuyén héa thanh nang lugng sinh hoe (ATP) va vat chét té bao. Nh d6 ma co ‘thé 6 thé tén tai va phat trién. Trude kia, mt s6 ngudi quan niém ring dinh dv@ng Ja mye dich duy nhat khi con ngudi sit dung thye phdm. Ngay nay, cing véi sy phét trién cia khoa hoc kj thuat, ngudi ta ché bién ra nhing loai thye phém méi, ngoai mye dich dinh duong edn o6 nhiing mye dich khée. Tai Viet Nam, mot s nha sén xudt da si dyng khai niém “thye phém dink duong” cho nhém san phém gidu ning lugng ho&e nhém thyc phém duge bé sung vitamin va khodng chét, Tuy nhién, khdi nigm nay khéng phi hgp véi quan diém cia nhidu nha khoa hoe trén thé gi¢i vi dinh duong 1A m9t chit nang truyén théng eda thye phém. 2%) Myc dich phong va tri bénh Ngay nay, mot sd logi thye phdm duge con ngudi sit dung véi ‘mue dich phdng va tri bénh 1a chi yéu, cdn chife nang: dinh dudng cia ching tré nén thit yév. D6 1a do nhtng thye phém nay e6 chifa cde thanh ‘phn, héa hoe dae biét, rat it gap trong cae san phdém thyc phém truyén théng. Nhiing thanh phén nay o6 chie ning phong nga hoge diéu tri duge mot sé bénh. Mot sO nha san xudt goi nhém san phdm nay 14 thye phém chife nang (functional food). Thye ra thi hin nay, khéi niém vé the phdm chic ndng e6 thé duge hiéu theo nhiéu eéch khée nhau. Theo Gibson GR. et al., (2000) thi bén canh vige cung cép nhing gid tri dinh duong théng thuing, thye phém chie nang cdn chéa nhimg thanh phdn khde tac dong 06 loi dén mot hay nhiéu chife nang hoat dng cia eo thé nhim mye dich tang euting sie khée hode gidm nguy eo bénh tat cho nguéi sir dung.yo ‘oy aim “Um Wo} UoUE opo NYU Ap ya “UES YORE ‘BuEY EU 9 BOY, quip v8 uy deq Buon uarq gy ofp mzyd of SunqU eB] OG sap 018 ou kab 9 ugg ayo mpyd onyy, (18 “Somp nen rendu £03 usp mipyd ups roud wyyd qu ‘nb Buoy yus] upnb oq 26np SunyD “Iq oBq OYA oyD Tor Yoes UIE “Sugrur apo ‘oa 99q ofnp wp Avo rpay Teo] ayo BI AQU WY UBS UFOqT oy Yury Upp Ap JA “Bump nen tend oyo wpyd Uys BO JUMP usN yun Sumi ure 19m) Sugp mpg ups SuAny seq quip up et moras tor ugiq aus dyyd Buonyd eno yorp ofyy “Burssoo0sd yeurtura) mores ro4 ‘ugiq 24D ¥I 163 ofnp ugrq guyo deyd Suonyd -Up] ou Anb ipa AUK EYL yo Suoss 4yrx ups ofnp sp afin Ugp ure, wen Buoys tend woo rep Yop upyd oA yOur SAP 2S TH "TA Dy 30ur BL UIOx DAP Amp Bugn uy “teRBu 9s 9uI O opyy Sunp Re yosp atu 295 (18 “29nus 19a 08 woy wupyo Sugngy Sayu ongo uIpyd ony eno yUdG fay BUM opy “ex ROHN, “keu Suey Suonp yurp ugyd npyy Su0x top ugo yur usp £ py reyd 2n9 ‘OpUy aIpYd ofc BOT OF IpA Lop NYU My Bunny yy AuEU ony UpYE oviay urpyd ups your Sup ps usm] Sanp ys Susy 9p uey tors Suga ¥ rendia “Bap ong wpYd ony tps Log “mEq OPEN aps WGI TP, Fe RL ognyy es Supe nyo wapyd oviyy Says £ nny UyD ‘Tor Any, st Mita ONHL HON ONO YA Hye ONHL JA LyMO IyHY | | “yudq 9s 10ur in norp ea ena Suoyd Sunp 294 90 Buns amorqoxd ogo ways ueo Bunyo ‘ua Tow Déy yUIS YER Toy 99 opHdod ayo wo yeu oo As TeoSu ta SuyU onys wpyd onyy eT Wox opp Seu wory ens m wour uel wrpyd ues namqE ape “keys nen qudg i Ng ‘dy ypdny Sumy Suam wory Suoyo ‘pu 99 Sua YIP UaIU EOY ZIP RL AYU requ opty Burp omy norqu oo eu apy doy SuNUN “264 qUIS yun iy 99 opridad Sung wa of eA ENS UIojoxd ayo UBY AQUA as Supls qBa quis ta 941 4 208 ugNBL 99 aseajord dBou uIsoWAYD ‘TeUE QUE Yeo 98 39w qENK UPS YUL ANb Buon nyu Ap 5A “YUdq 9s Our i NeID Sapa opyo 90 904 YuIS YUN yoy 99 APY oy UATY IENX UTR, as TATE 2% YUU pnb Buon ‘opyy wyyd ofyR reo] gs sOUI pa tog “YUEG os your {xy naxp Buhp 9p) go Wys uEYU Mm Buon ongs ‘op og “BYU OPK BA qunu Sunyo ody 4 simp Ep Agu ugny gy SunyN “nm TOYy Sugyp ‘urgra Bupgy “wee SuREy ‘upNyy SURYA MEU soy GUIS SuAp oP. nary oD ‘uys ugqu Buon uruodes upyd yuEU 999 “nb nd oBnp rou BL WHE sinp won, keu Uap wrx Mm (acoyy “y'D Buses xowrg) wes WEY AYE fp 3A 304 Yes YuR soy 99 apy BuNyU EnY 99 BunYD 9p op “warTE arp ofnp opt UpRBU ago mM UaIq ayO sAMP Yue in wRYd oviya Toy 95 20W ‘Buép vp pus Sune Kew eu yudq ian mpyd ofA WOUN ‘PY YU OF IOUT BA go NENG YUsq ENSU gp euTpor uns 94 9Anp - wrpur opmu - ia wi Key Buon Savoy ywsq BABU ap WHITE. ned 36q ens nyu fp 5a “WON 395A TE uNNG od BU YUdq Buogd wIpUE aig Buep Seu wer “Suanp non yusq ronsu 9 agdny Supnp Sup Sabm UdKy obnp wndu Bueyd as Sunyu Sum ugdnn ody o¥oy 268 op TeoT ogo MyU 463u ta 99 UBA Tyr Pron[s BNYo Suoyy BA wes TOU 768 apMP ovo UMD 99 08% oHoY 40Hu opm uBYC UBS 99D “"y ouTEsTNSODE ‘esojezons ‘oureyredse mqu 964 voq deyd Suonyd Sugq doy 2x93 2énp ofoy “appiaag wes mq euos[eqpoxpAyEp “tEswaUO wny]KyApEL098OIg 1933 Wh 998 onan 99 auyyjouow! “opyY UNE Ho RY 208 ugNBU go ouTZyIAADKT pau wart fH Bory 38a 9AD TeOT 9s our mA A] YONA BAN ayP 99 Bun “yeo, Suny ga Subp ep ays A~E 368 IpYP 9xD “oUOIeMs) PONE rad 2680 ayy Benqu Bagq epreyoes ou dey Ep IENx WES RYU Op ‘Suap ps ep ngw Buox Buqnp Suny wey Burm wre Sao Bunqu 4680 ia 90 wapud aitya ogo ex 0&5 yoRP oiux 19A “SuRH eIB as YUdG TeABU eT npw Zuo} Sugnp Suény urey ‘Ke ugyd ues woya Sup ns susp “ov api Bubn, ureq pa esoqeu ‘esoreqpoes ‘osoronyy ‘asconys nyL Bugnp rol 9¥0 Engo 99 Sunyo op ““368u yup “Jouresw> 083 ‘sus 99 40Fu apn qu 108u fa 99 uipyd of wroqu Sump AS gy wey ET OVS URANKR] 8 9Pq ‘én Supnp nan yudq tonBu Suny “Bugrp nn yusq ga Ap ta 30M 49x UL “qudg Fuoyd wyyd orgy WOME 9A TOU as 1¢y SuNYo “TAR NEE A NYHe ve6 PHAN chién, canh chua, rau xao... Pht ché bién im sai nay sé thay déi tly theo ving, mids eee thude area vie eT ché bign. Trong qué trinh ché bién, dya vao khé nang danh gid cam quan cia ban than vé chat lugng cia ban thanh phém va thanh phdm ma ngubi ché bign sé ty higu chinh 7 18 nguyén phu ligu al dung va quy trinh thye hién sao cho phi hgp. Chinh vi khéng o6 sy kiém soat chat ché cdc “thong so ky thugt” trong qué trinh ché bién én chit lamg sin phim os thé khong én dinh gta ede mé nu hose i luong nguyén ligu trong mot mé nu tang cao. Nhiing phuony phap ché bién thye phém 6 quy mé gia dinh duge goi hae la ps thudt ndu 4n. Nhin chung, chat lugng sin phdm sé phu thuge nhiéu vao kinh nghiém ciia nguti ché bién. . Si) Thite phém ché bién & quy mé céng nghiép ‘Dé la nhing thye phdm duge ché bién trong cdc nha may véi quy mé lén, Ngwbi ta 4p dung cée kign thie va thanh tyu khoa hoe céng nghé vao trong quy trinh sdn xudt san phdm. Trong suét quy trinh ché bién, cdc théng s6 cong nghé cia tig céng doan san xudt va cdc chi tiéu chat luong cia nguyen , ban thanh phém va thanh pha duge kiém soat mét eéch hé thdng va nghiém nga. Nhu dé ma chit lugng thye phdm luén én djnh gia cde mé san xuit Khi thyc phdm duge sin xudt 8 quy mé cé1 é i sé soi 8 thge pi sing oghidp. Mot a6 wf Oy o8 ah shen nghiép la mi an lién, banh biscuit, dudng saccharose, c& phé hda tan paté dong hop, xie xich tigt tring... Khi hge vé nganh eéng nghe thie phém, ching ta chi quan tam dén thye phém cng nghigp va quy tinh san xudt thye phim ebng nghiép ma thoi. Trong phan tiép theo ching ti chi trinh bay cde vain dé c6 lién quan an thye phéin cong nghigp va quy trinh sin xuét thyc phdm & quy mé cong nghigp. 1.1.3 CAC CHi TIKU CHAT LUGNG CUA THUC PHAM Chat lugng mét thy phim duge danh gis én nhié . ng mot thye gid dya trén nhiéu chi fits Khe nhau, C6 nhigu phutng phap phan loai ede chi tiéu chat ligng thye phém. Trong quyén séch nay, chting t0i s® gidi thiéu hai phuong ph4p thudng gip. KHAI QUAT VE THUC PHAM VA GONG NGHE THU PHAM 7 a) Phan logi ede chi tiéu chat Ivgng thye phiim theo eée inh ve ctia khoa hoe ty nhién Ngudi'ta chia cdc chi tiéu chat lugng thye phdm thanh nhiing nhém chinh nhu sau: vat ly, héa hoc, héa ly, sinh hge va héa sinh. i) Chi tiéu vat iy + D6i véi nhimng thy phém dang rén, ngubi ta thudng chi ¥ dén nhing chi tiéu nhu hinh dang, kich thuée, kh0i lugng, 46 gidn, 4 do hoa a6 dai... + Déi véi mhiing thye phim dang ling, eéc chi tiéu vat ly quan trong la thé tich 1 don vi sin phim, ty trong. 21) Chi tiéu héa hoc Cée chi tiéu héa hoe sé lién quan dén ham lugng cée hop chat héa hge ¢6 trong thye phim. Cée hgp chat héa hoe trong thye phém 6 thé duge chia thanh nhtng nhém nhu sau: «Cac chit lin quan dén dinh dudng nhu nuée, glucid, protein, lipid, vitamin, khodng, cdc acid trong thye phém... Nhu vay, thyc phém c6 rét nhigu chi tiéushéa hoc khéc nhau. Tuy nhién, thy theo ‘img logi thye phém ma nguéi ta sé dinh lugng mot 86 hgp chat dinh dung tiéu biéu trong thye phdm. Vi dy nhu déi véi sin phdm nuée cam dong hop gidy, ede chi tigu héa hoc quan trong 1a ham long chét kho, d6 chua, ham lung. dudng va vitamin C. Cdn déi véi sin phdm m} soi, ede chi tigu hoa hoe chinh bao gdm 49 4m, ham lugng tinh bét va protein, d@ chua. + Phu gia va chat hé tro ky thuat Phy gia 18 nhimg chét duge bé sung vao trong thye phém nhim mye dich cdi thién m6t tinh cht nao dé cia thye phém. Céc phy gia thudng gap bao gém chat mau, chat mai, chat de-ché vi sinh vat, chat chéng oxy héa, cht nh héa, chat tao céiu tric, chat tao vi Chat hé tro ky thuét duge sit dung nh&m mye dich gitip cho ede qua trinh ché bién digm ra dé dang. Nhiing chat hd tro ky thuat thong dung 1A chat pha bot, chat tro Ioe, cht trg ldng, chat hiéu chinh pH, chét xic téc... Théng thuting Khi sit dung chat hé try ky thudt trong quy trinh sin xudt, ngubi ta phai téch ching ra khdi thanh phém. 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Tap chit xudt hién trong thye phim o6 thé ti nhigu ngudn khée nhau obit = Nguyén ligu ki duge dua vao nha méy a bi Min sin tap chat. = Tap chit ldn vao trong qué trinh bdo quan nguyén ligu trong nha mé4y, trong qué trinh ché bién nguyén liéu thanh san phim, trong qué trinh bdo. quén thanh phém hofe trong qué trinh tiéu thy san phém. ‘Tap chat o6 kich thude rét da dang. Chiing o6 kich thude phan Ft nhu ofc kim loai gay dge, edu ti huomg gay mai hi, th6i cho dén |) cde tap chat nhu vi sinh vat, hoge nhang tap chit v6i kich thuée lon nhu cde bo phan cia thiét bj bj vo ra ln vao trong bén thanh phém. Vige eg gidi héa qué trinh thu hoach, ché bién, van chuyén va béo qudn clng lam tang nguy ed nhi’m tap chét vao trong thye phém. ‘Viée phat trién qué nhanh ciia céc loai thu6c trit su, phan bén trong ‘qué trinh canh téc néng nghiép mang lai nguy co nhiém bdn nhiéu hon cho thyc phém. Riéng déi véi vi sinh vat, tét cA c&c nguyén phy ligu sit dung trong cing nghiép thye phém (nuée, nguyén ligu thye dong vat, phy gia), bao 1. ddu chia dng nguy co lay nhidmm vi sinh vat cho thue phim, ‘Tap chat 06 thé duge phan logi nhu sau: - Tap ch&t v6 co: ct, da, thuy tinh, kim loai... k ~ Thyc vat: rom ra... ~ Dong vat: cdn tring, sdu bo... ~ Héa chat sit dung trong néng nghiép: du lugng thude tri sau. ~ Vi sinh vat: ede vi sinh vat va san phdm sinh ra tit qué trinh hoat dong cia ching. 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Ding thai, khi ding mét lugng nude nhiéu nhi thé cho qué trinh lam sgch thi ting them nguén nuée thai, tang mde 46 6 nhiém moi trudng, ting chi phi xi ly méi trudng, do d6, lam ‘tang chi phf sn xuét. N6i edch khéc, lam sach theo phuong phép u6t 6 chi phf van hanh cao, Nhuge diém l6n tigp theo lién quan dén kha nang hu héng cia nguyén ligu. Bé mat nguyén ligu nhu qua, cd khi bi ust s@ hu héng rét nhanh. Do dé, khi lam sach theo phuung phép uét, thudng phai 06 cong dogn lam réo tigp theo dé c6 thé han ché si hi hhéng nguyén ligu trong nhing qué trinh ché bign hoge bao quan tiép theo. Mét van dé nita JA khi sit dung phuong phép ust dé lam sach 1a edn chi ¥ 6i vie quan ly nguén nude vé s6 lung cing nhu chét lugng, dim bao vain dé v@ sinh trong nha méy. Ne@m ‘gam la céch lam sach don gin nhét trong cée phuong phép Tam sach u6t va thiding duge sit dung nhu 1A céng doan lam sach so} ‘bd trong qué trinh lam sach eéc logi rau oi vA céc loai nguyén ligu bi nhiém ban nhiéu. Khi ngam nguyén ligu, d&t bam vao nguyén ligu sé ‘trd nén mém va mét phdn duge tach ra cing véi cat, dé va cdc loai tap chat o6 ma sét Ién khée. Thing ngam nguyén ligu thutmg duge ché tao biing kim loai, bé tong ho&e c4e Jogi vat ligu xay dung khéc phi hgp véi diéu kién vé sinh. Khong nén sif dung céc logi vat ligu 6 ‘kha ning hat nude nhu gb dé lam vét ligu thing chia. Dé tang eudng hhigu qué qué trinh lam sgch, 6 thé lép thém enh khufy trong thiét ‘bi phéi tron hoe chita nguyén ligu trong mét thing hinh try nim ngang, c6 khoét 16 véi kich thuée phi hop, chuyén dong quay trong ‘thing chita nude lam sach. Cén cha ¥ 18 gidi phap nay c6 thé lam tén thuong bé mat nguyén lieu. Ngoai ra, mt gua lam Sach la théi khf vao trong hin hep nguyén ligu va a Phuong phép nay thutng duge 4p dung adi véi céc loai nguyén ligu e6 1p vé mém, dé bi tén thuong va eéc logi nguyén ligu ma tren bdr ene 6 ranh (tap chat 06 thé bam trong cée ran nay). a C6 thé ding mute néng va chat tdy rita 46 hB tro qué trinh rie, chat nhu du. Tuy HB. Ac QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 5 ing chit tdy ria c6 thé tgo ra mot s6 bién d6i khong tt déi véi eesetin dae tge a efotde va Hn tie bin ago cba ngwen ligu. Trong qué trinh ngém, cing 6 thé sit dyng ede dung dich héa chit 06 tinh oxy héa dé tang cung hiéu qua lam sach (nh KMnO,, chlorine... Tuy nhién, @€y 1A edc chat oxy héa va ¢6 thé lam bién asi nguyén ligu bling ede phan tng oxy héa khil. Vi vay, edm kigém sodt t6t néng a6 cée chit oxy héa duge sit dung trong qué trinh ngam. Negoai vige higu qua lam sgch khong cao nhu cdc pasa phi née, phuting phép ngdm cbn thai ra mgt luwmg nue tha kd Ten, lam tang chi phf sin xuét. Nhung qué trinh ngam sé lam tang higu qua cia qué trinh lam sach tiép theo. Ria x6i Neos QO OQ OQ " True quay Hudng chuyén dong cia bang ti truc a Nguyen tibu Hinh 2.1.1.5 Thiét bj rita x6i dang bang tdi vd dang thing quay Phuong phép mila x6i tuéi duge dng dung khé phé bin 4é lam sgch nhiéu loai nguyén ligu. Neuyén the ea phuong phép a phun nude Ten nguyén ligu véi mt 4p lye nbét dinh. Dusi tée dung cia 4pab nary a Suep gp Buy> ret ueyd YUE pnb (ya up| Su Teoy EE nary NEP ga requ opEN AS “Ady CUR Yor BRU NeIY ARP Udy gu Téot cupgd yun gab vpo qorp ofar vA néy| UasNBe TeoT Sum oN Any, “vem 9q EU WIR, Sup so rey Sueay,- 964 Suenb Sunai 28g - Bubp qu - 20M WOH = Bubny Yous - seo] upyd quEy pnb wary onyy gp Suhp ps oénp Bugmyy nes nory nyp gs yur ‘uarU Any -ngy ugdndu roy wpyd gp nent NEP nemyU yer oo “wyyd oh gyBu Bug Suoay, “9p opu Hunn o¥p yey YUH gs aur ogoy yur ga neYE opyy As uaH whp ney] WasnBu ovo SuaET UREA YUEN Pb BI HoT URE dy DoYYy 98 2D -T IVOINYHd 21% "ex opnut yop) gp Aenb Suny Buys Buon ogoy Sunx Suys wos ngyy updnsa gp ope 3uyq wry oy gu 99 ofS WEL YUL yMe “ex 9pNU 29q YOR |p opa wry] qut pnb 99 1eyd uyo ‘yous WET HIP Nes “op og “nH UednTU ‘eyo qhur gq wax Tha gs opnU SuAn| you WoO 9s “Ys wey YUL Prd ugry oAyI TepL nes ‘on Yoes ure_ deyd Buonyd ag yo apa Buos, “ypes urey pnb nary Uap yutp y24nb Sugny Yup 99 uy naTs Bugs 98 Up, eA Op ugha ‘Ayu dyyd Suonyd Buoxy, ‘nox wesnBu youpy vs YORE dénp 98 ypyp diy “ex Aex Seu Suse waTy TU “omy del eBU Soy ud iq 9s Suno Buox quem qurd MEI Agu Mp{ 10q 9B TU 30q OPO YER YO omy oH NOs UadnSU BNO TUX gq OYD UIE BS “ZAMOOT-0Z 98 UPI 1A WY nals Su9s 90 apnu Suga 19M Suos Ip snp nay wand ys wp nais Bugs doy 124 ORY “Ba 49a bmp BA WBUr eq WET FOU yey dey ayo UOND 19], BA Bx Of; ofnp as 30q ‘yes mR Yofp BuNp Bandy UednsU doy woY oka 1949 90ND su "Hew 2q BuGp 380q 3PYD Yofp Sunp Susp gs eur EAL 9p 2pnu Bunp SuoM ‘op Ty AeU dyyd Suonyd Sup dy pup 99 Bund ‘ ‘ugdnd Yous wa “Ayo TUS “YL MYL Su ypYD dé oF YORI AG es suyrid oft aiHoN 9NgD oMORL JHEM SYD HHYEAL YO YO gu ugéng dye Buomyd ooyy ny wedndu ops iq ML OTT ME “990 ‘eo eh “eu urgtp aénqu {992 weq gp eps opne egoy upma ep ‘9p oc “uT FIDL 29nu Bud 20m5 ups nan eI eu Spud Buongd wm wap ofmayy “OES TEL TES yey iq apran igo 394 ‘spre Bugp Op a92 *wWe og Keu Yows urE] YUH pnt upp Supny yuy oy nak 999 “OTTS YUTY YAN Seq YUU OONP Iq 49m nye 90 "ues ae ig eg naN| UaKNB UND “Pup YD BuOMY mx 99 EA Andy uednur uoy SugU Bugnyy “reoq un “ay “pp ‘IeP MUU apy de 2y9 ‘9p ool{y, “‘oontx Buosy TU SuyU PIAL gA NEY optpY As ou BugH Jogud oonp nox wasrBu ea azyo dby ‘Ayu dyqd Supnyd BuoxL, 5 29M ugéng ope {OT Te ED Senb Boce Bubp i one eo HH Do Bap i a Seu ypbs arg dyyd Suangd Buon SuAp ns Sagres war oY om For Yeu 99 "pm wpa pH gn FUR nin wasn oo HH 99 OF yea oY vs OG UE typ ‘Iq aI Buory, ‘oom Srey uno noq] wesnste Suonip ups Qp apur Bunqu “Buy; Fay yes wre eb nor ‘ovo Saye Toon ayns dy ype wre wos rou ‘opm ope Op vérHE Bump ns one Budny ‘opnu apne dp :aqu 9 np o¥o oa sonen Aud Keu deud Buon ‘ugo pnb ngyy “opna Sup coy} Ip eA es YOR} DAN BF URG aeyP ‘ANE ON, ny ae60 PHAN 2 qué trinh phén loai cing cao, Tuy nhién, trong qué trinh phan loai, khéng bao gid dim bdo duse 4) déng nhét hoan toan. Dé danh gid mie d9 phan loai nguyén ligu, ngudi ta thudng sit dung hé s6 phan Jogi H, duge xée dink nhut sau: Px,R(-%,) Fx,F(-x,) voi: F, R, P lan lugt 1a lugng nhap ligu, lugng thai bé va lung nguyén ligu duge Iva chon (kg/s) Xo Xn % Idn-lugt 1a t7 18 kh6i Iugng eta phan nguyén ligu dat | yeu edu trong dong nhép lieu, dong thai bé va dong nguyén ligu duge lua chon. Cén phan biét qué trinh phan loai (sorting) va qué trinh phan hang (grading). Qué trinh phan fog chi Ja qud trinh phan ring dva | tran sy Kkhée bigt mot tinh chat nao 46, con qué trinh phan hang la qué trinh phan riéng dya trén sy khée biét cla nhigu yéu té dé phan chia nguyén ligu ra thanh céc mde chat lung khée nhau. Dé thye hign qué trinh phan hang, e6 thé edn thu hién nhiéu qué trinh phan Jogi khée nhau. Phan logi thudng khéng tao ra nhiing bién déi dang ké trong | qué trinh thyc hign. Cé thé c6 hién tugng tén thuong bé mat nguyén ligu trong qué trinh phan loai do xudt hign ede tde dong ca hoe nh trong qué trinh phan logi bing sang. 2 Mue dich cong nghé va pham vi thye hign ‘Trong cong nghé thye phim, qué trinh phén logi o6 cde ¥ nghta sau: ~ Qué trink phan logi sé téch ra ede nguyén ligu khong dat yeu | céu, dim bdo chét lugng nguyén ligu, trén eg sd d6, dim bao | chat luyng cia san phdm luén én dink. ~ Qué trinh phan loai gidp chuén h6a nguyén ligu, dim bao nguyén ligu dat duge do déng nhat v8 mot hoae mot s& tink chit cong nghé mio 46 nhu kich thuée, hinh dang, mau se, d) chin, ty trong... Sy ding nhét vé cdc tinh chat nay sé dim bao cho cée cong dogn ché bién tip nhw ede qué trinh eo hoe, cde qué trinh nhigt... duge kiém sodt mot each thudn lgi va dat higu qua cao. - San phdm déng nhat sé dim bao bao géi duge thudn Igi, die Digt 18 viéc chudn h6a vé khéi luong va thé tich. (ic QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHiEP THUC PHAM 6 ~ Qué trinh phén logi e6 thé s@ néng cao gid tri cdm quan cia san phém do san phém s€ o6 dO déng nhit cao, nhin sB bit mt va 10i cubin hon. Nhu vay, trong cng nghé thye phéim, qué trinh phan loai e6 ede mye dich cong nghé sau: = Chudin bj: qué trinh phan loai sé chudin héa nguén nguyen lieu, chuéin bj cho cée qué trink gia cng tiép theo. « Hoan thin: qué trinh phan loai s@ gép phan nang cao gié tri cia sin phdm. Qué trinh phan logi 3 day thudng duce thye hin trong hoe sau cée qué trinh ché bién nhu phan loai tém trong ehé bién ga0, phan logi thye phém sau khi sy nhy tra, sua bot. 3 Phuong php va thiét bi a Phan logi dya trén khi lugng Phuong phép phan logi dya trén khéi luyng 05 46 chinh xée cao ahat.-Phuong phép nay thutmg 4p dung 4é phan logi tring, cdc loai rau qua... thanh cée nhém e6 khéi lung khde nhau. Qué trinh phan loai nay thudng duge thyc hign bang céc cén 1d xo hoge can dién tu. Théng thubng, ede thiét bi nay duge Ip trén dung van chuyén nguyén ligu trong quy trinh céng nghé. Khi khéi lvong cia mot phan til trong nguyén ligu khéng dat yéu edu, e6 thé ding oo edu thanh gat hoge ding khf nén é logi phan tir d6 ra. Qué trinh thuding duge diéu khién bing méy tinh. Nhuge diém eda phuong phép phan logi dva trén kh6i lugng 1a khong thich hgp véi ede loai nguyén ligu o6 kich thude nhé (nhu ngi ee), nang sud thap va thai gian tiéu tn cho qué trink phn riéng thutng tuong 46% dai b- Phan logi dita trén kich thube Phuong phép phan loai dya trén kich thude thudng 06 49 chinh xée kém hon so véi da trén khdi lugng, nhung chi phi thye hign thugng ré hon. Nhu a biét, kich thude va hinh dang eda nguyén ligu dang vat ligu rai thutng rét kh6 xée dinh. Kich thuée eda nguyén ligu dang vat ligu roi thuémg phu thude vao mét sO thong of vat ly nhu duing kinh, chiéu dai hay mic d6 Ii, 16m oda nguyén lieu. Déi voi cée loai nguyén ligu cé hinh dang can d6i (hinh cdu ahi c& chua, ed logi qua c6 mai, hoge hinh try nhu dia leo...) thi qué trinh phan loai duge thye hign dé dang hon. r imp Bubp ry roy upyd iq wy, ers yu Bus sey ued onp 100] UpY 2 cup] 9f4y Buép roy upyd tq 39H A Agu Suep uaiq oud reo] uvyd tq yIqT 3s PUT op aRuT gq Suonyy up} 19 45 A uot oon HORE 99 ng] WeAnsu oy BuAp dy Sugnyy Ayu deud Suongg “Suey; oq Suep sy; ogoy omy WaT Top AvUR yy 99 QI 9PM 3 {WHT “WaT UVIq QT Sent YOR] oo BuRS Wo] toa Tog “uy uaTq oud utp ps oémp wary watq of Cone Yor 9 Buys “Kyo rea Y8O] Op Ay ‘uoy up] NBT UasnBu Teo] OBO oA Log “n¥p ‘99 NBU NYU OYE I9nK YH 99 Nb wendu reo o¥o oy SuAp NS py Bugnyy Ae Buys “ngs wadnu wp reur gq Suonyy up} uel gy 99 4BS BUH OAT “reUR BuOp ‘Buys 91 434 way AS gy 99 “Buys spur gq Ios onx day Noy W~dnIE KE B ‘Bip 99 of 9enus Yop 99 Sures BHO UgTp 9OMYN “IPE UOT gt NNN YAP 99 ngy upknSu ova nep UPB 3m ta 9 Sreg “(HOT wey yuEA pnb wT go ned oa 26nq3 4q9) neq dan tou Buys naryU uO tonyo 36m UR ep dy oonp Supnyy wa Aenb Sungy Says ooy Supyd Buys el Fup AS Buamp quip 9 gf 20mm yory 99 Sues HoT “war UaIq gt 29m WAT 99 Sues ea qulp go gf Bony YORI 99 Buys ro] el Seu Teoy wEYd yuu pnb Buoy Suap gs ugiq gud Suys réoy rey “Buys Suyq way OAK sénp Sugnys Sueps weyd ota “oom yor wan wp reoy UPYE TANT 9 ‘HiyHe ONHL aIHON NOD ONOWL FHON BND HLL YO d¥O ‘upy vinay pa upknys Bung Bug (2 up] vy Budg (q ‘konb Bunyy Bubg (o vioy uoyd iq ray 98 OW TST'S Wt i Bubp upto Bunn Sugqybu ye Sura up] ofa @ oN ore / wpud ups ‘ep 910s 98 Quy woo BupoUy nun yop, wipud UES © ape Quy 29ntn Yop oes ney uednOn eH J64 PHAN 2 Phuong phép phan logi nay thuding duge 4p dung khi nguyén ligu e6 Min ede loai tap chat hose nguyén ligu khong dat yéu cdu v6 chat lung nhung c6 kich thuée va Ikh6i lugng ging nhu phan nguyén liga mong mun. Phung phép nay thutng duye sit dung phé bién trong qué trinh phan logi cé¢ logi hat. Thiét bi phé bign cho qué trinh phan loai nay 1a thiét bi phén loai dang dia ho&e dang hink tru véi hinh dang cia 16 phan‘logi tuong thich vdi hinh dang cia nguyén ligu ma ta mong mun. Trong qué trinh thye hién, eée dia hose hink try nay sé xoay trong kh6i nguyén ligu va phén nguyén lieu c6 hinh dang dat yéu cdu sé duge mang di, phdn nguyén ligu khong det yeu cdu va tap chat thi vin dn gi lai trong kh6i nguyén liéu d- Phan logi dua trén t3 trong Boi vi mot s6 loai nguyén ligu thye phdm, tj trong khde nhau sé lam cho chat Iugng eda ching sé khée nhau. TF trong cia ddu hoa lan 6 méi quan hé tuong quan véi dé mém va d@ ngot ciia dau. Trong khi d6, ham lugng chat kho trong khoai tay ciing lién quan dén ty trong cia khoai. T} trong cia ca phé phy thuge 49 chin ciia c& phé kkhi thu hdi, Do 46, 48 chuiin héa chat lugng eda nguyén ligu dau vao, qué trinh phan logi dua trén ty trong cling thudng duge sit dung, Nguyén téc cia phuong php 1a dya trén sy khée nhau gitta ty trong cia phén nguyén. liu ma ta mong muén véi phén con lai. Phuong phap thutnag hay sit dung la phuong php khf dong hose phuong phap tuyén néi. Trong phuong phap khf dng, higu qué qué trink phan logi 88 phy thuge vao te d6 dong kthi. Cdn trong phuong phép tuyén néi, higu qué sé phu thude vao'tée d6 dong lu chat va ty trong cia dong luu chat, BE thay d6i ty trong eda dong lim chét trong qué trinh tuyén néi, 6 thé sit dung nue mudi véi cée néng 49 khae nhau: @- Phan logi dia trén tink chat quang hoe ‘Tinh chat quang hoe cia nguyén ligu cling 06 thé duge ett dung 4é thyc hign qué trinh phan loai. Trong thye #6, tinh chat thutng hay sit dung nbat 18 mau s&e cia nguyén-ligu. Thutng mau sde lién quan én d6 chin eda nguyén ligu (trai c4y), ede 16i trén bé mat nguyén ligu. Qué trinh phan logi nay 6 thé duge thye hin bing phuong phap. thi: cOng trén caé ban hoae bang tai phan loal. Ngoal ra, qué AC QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 65 trinh nay cing 06 thé duge thyc hign m@t céch lién tue va ty dong bang efch sit dung cdc t bao quang dién. Cée té bao quang dién sé ahén ede tin higu quang hoc ty nguyén ligu va so sénh véi cfc tin higu chudin duge edi 4yt. Phan tit nguyén ligu ndo khéng dat yéu du 88 bi loai ra Khdi nguyén ligu bing dong khi nén. Phuong phép nay 6 thé sit dung dé phan logi céc loai nguyén ligu o6 kich thuge ahd nhu dau, ggo, cd phé... v6i nang sudt kha lén (06 thé dat 16 tén/gid). Béi véi cde loai nguyén ligu 6 kich the 1én hon hy @ chua, edn phai dit nhigu té bao quang dién ¢ nhiéu géc nhin khéc nhau 4é tang hhigu qua qua trinh phat hign Ii trén nguyén lieu. OO gg Nawvto tou Ces \ coy TS quang ¥en ° O° val - ‘e. Kninén e e - e nen ° Sin phd eres teal bb Hinh 2.1.2.3 Thiét bj phdn logi nguyen lidu theo mau sde ‘Tin higu quang hoe e6 thé 1a cfc tin higu thu duge do qué trinh phan xa cia nguén séng dign ti tir b8 mat nguyén ligu (reflectance) hofe Ja nguén séng dién ti xuyén qua nguyén liéu (transmittance) én té bao quang dién. Phuong phép phin xa duge ding dé phan loai(BaxOOST JENS dy) woY ORG 2ont LOH “yNYG/BugA g-/ Op 291 1pA end ‘apne dy nige Suga yyy 99 enup Bunyy Buon op OM a6 may Uesndyy “po Suép ndq wesnsu ovo orp Buip dy Sunniqy 98 Sug oF eA AT URANBE ‘Noy UAsABL BOO URE YUN ‘4 0} ngo wigs oBq 9A YH? YUL pnb usp Zupny YUP oy NBk ov Bugny yup 912k 999 "Bx Kex 964 voy Sup upyd 9s your oy UsET Nex of BA aeIND 3H 4H Up se WOM AYF 4 doy Huon} wa ndy wasNdU uEYE qURM upp Suomen ug ure gt 9 wonY aA YuEH yb Fuosy, ney ugsns ‘Bg0 peoBu ueq 9a uPYM Ip oq Foy Max NYO OA YOR] YULT EN nay] uakniu ono 19p 429 290 -¢ “oon dan uaig ay yur pnb ogo oa emp 19x 9A YORI 299 afinp as yoes We OAM MPL Mes Mey WadNBN Ey Ip “po n9T] WednE my YUE lugs ayo apn ups qutE dnb 3uon ueN ngp ubop Bug SuNqU BuO Ou el Sunngy Avg “iq upnyo yorp of 99 Suonmy oa yor: qu ¥Nty MdnY Oty ya urbyd pa gyBu Suge yosp ony ~~ “Buonep ugh ig Buoupy ea yes rey nay Wess ‘po aur 9q eT 4pqu Bub uEMb npo MPA ‘oa yowR yUUY pnb Suoxy, 4 Hiylid NHL dZIHOW NOD ONOHL JHON BNET HL NO 9¥9 udp oe - ‘Bupny BugN - ovo Suge non uasndu PHA Up A Bu Su~ yes 4] tee £ oye uyo ‘oa yoy qutsy pnb Suosy ener wasn apt gy, ~ mes oy ng oyo urey wenb uyo ‘fy doy, Nd Hp O”q WEP pa “APH dey oa YOR UE pnb syd Wyo oy OFA WEP mud upo ey Sud uonb 9p wpA ‘on yOR YUE yb Suoxy, “UTE ost 72 ofp ‘uygd ups eno Fusny yey BoE wr, wEYE Nd UEXRBE app oénp ay Stor] apy ooy 94 9g Teo] YUEN yb BoA YOR 96y wouy 2829 -T QA HOYL T° “ogo ad ngp nyu nggt wasn reoy apo oyp Bump dy Bugre fea dyyd Buony “veo, weyd yuu yb oémp worK AUR OU 99 Sago ‘nay ugandu aur gq waN WOT ¥9A OF akoy WHPYE OP “UNI (p vax ehp abu 9q 4PyS YUN UaN erp reo] ueyd dpyd Suonyg - -nog opus mp op agoy BUY Ff guy 99 ndq wasnBu rool ayo Suet ueyd qu yb waTy oA Fh 90 ‘Seu Wey Yu ogA BAG “dyyy wy Op 99 ney WednsE OY yubur wor yn Suonyy ov wy Op 99 not] UEsNN “que 903 nore Bue yUTY 99 By Teoy apo uoY 33 EI YOR as NED YUTY Bokp oo yey Teo] 299 "meyE PLAY LHP YOR 29 BunyD ‘26q ROY 4 npyd greys va Suep yury oa ognyy Aqy ‘Sugny usr Buoy 7¥p inp non, uadnSu my “NET WednSe eND UOIp quA aeyO YUH HEN ‘wip Agu deyd Supnyg :ugrp yun Buyq reo] UgYd dyyd Suonyg - f “Butip ns op guy 90 Buna apy HOT yyd dpyd Suonyd os your woo ‘was 94 dyyd Bupnyd op TeOsN, apyy tho) upyd dyyd Suonyd opp J “Gunn Buon weq pur qga ooy Ayo 939 Buosy waq 909 NyD Hp 14) ngyT Wedns wpO BuO eq 4 YOR op VaR wAP NOT UEKnsu Teo] weUd gp BuAp ns s6np pos ugdnay dgyd Suonyd ugo seu gq yey UN UE BAP Ney wednse amyl 2Gs PHAN 2 duye thdi vao thing trong mot thai gian xe dinh (phy thuge vao ting loai nguyen ligu). Hoi nude s® lam nhiet 49 cia bé mat nguyén ligu (lép vv) tang nhanh edn bén trong thi tang chém hon rét nhiéu do nguyén Tigu 06 do din nhiet kém. Do d6, fu tric va mau se cia nguyén liéu thuong bign 46i rét it. Sau 46, ép sudt sé duge gidm nhanh lam cho hoi nuige duge hinh thanh du6i Iép vd va lam v6 duige tach ra, Qué trinh nay 06 thé loai gin nhu toan b9 I6p v8. Sau d6, nuée due phun vo nguyén ligu dé logi hét ede vét v8 cdn sét lei trén nguyén ligu. Qué trinh gia nbigt bing hoi nuée 6 thé lam vo hoat enzyme polyphenoloxydase, han ché céc phin img héa nau. Uu diém cia phutng phép nay IA ling nuéc tigu tn ft, t6n that thép, be mat nguyén lieu ft bi tén thuong, ning sud cao (e6 thé dat 4500kg/h) va vige thu gom, xir ly chat thai dB dng. Tuy nhién, phuong phap nay edn ‘von du tu I6n do cdin thiét bi chju 4p va he théng ld hoi. Ngoai ra, ed dim bio vé van dé an toan lao dong trong qué trinh sn xuit do hé ‘thong thit bj phai chju &p sua cao. b- Phuong phap sit dung dao Phuong phép nay thutng duge 4p dung cho cdc logi qua citrus vi v8 qua mém va dé tactr ra. Trong thiét bi nay, dao edt duge gan oS inh, nguyén ligu sé chuyén dong két hgp véi taf xoay quanh né va bi nén vao dao. Khi dé, dao sé cao sach lép v6. Trong mot 86 thiét bi khéc, nguyen ligu s® duge gitt 06 dinh va dao sé xoay quanh nguyén ligu. Phuong php nay c6 ut diém 1a it lam tén thuong qua va tén that nguyén ligu. ¢- Phuong phép sit dung lye ma sét ‘Trong phuong phép nay, nguyén ligu sé duge dua vao true quay lam b&ng carborundum hoe dit vao ede chén xoay (eding duge lam bang carborundum). B& mat ma s4t s@ lam Iép vi téch ra. Sau d6, nguyén ligu sé duge rita lai bling nuéc. Néu bé mat cia nguyén ligu o6 hing vét 16i (vf dy nhu “mat” trén qua cd chua), qué trinh tach vi theo phuong phép nay cé thé lam tén thuong bé mat va thudng thi cdn phai tach vé bing tay. Uu diém cla phuong phép nay la chi phi dau tu thiét bj va chi phf ning luong thdp, khong ¢6 nhing bién d6i Sat tl do igt. Tuy nbién, phuong php my cing ob mot sede hen hc QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 6 = Tén thét cao, o6 thé lén dén 25% (trong khi 46, phuong phép dang hoi e6 tén thét khodng 8-18%) = Qué trinh thu héi chét thai kh4 phite tap vi lugng vd phan bé trong nufc véi mat dd thép (lugng nuée sit dung rét nhiéu) - Nang sudt twang 46i théip vi trong phuong php nay, phai dim bao cho ton bp mat ella nguyén ligu duge tiép xe voi bé mat ‘ma sét (ngogi trir qué trinh téch vé ed hanh, nang sudt 06 thé én dén 2500kg/h vi vé ci hanh dé tach bang lye ma sat). d- Phuong php ding héa chat ‘Trong phuong phép nay, nguyén ligu duge nhing vao trong dung dich kiém 1-2%(wiw) 44 duge gia nhigt dén 100-120°C. Dudi tée dung cia kiém trong diéu kién nhiét 0 cao, lép vo sé duge lam mém va duge loai ra bing vige phun nuge vdi 4p lye cao. Phuong phép nay thuting 06 tén thét xp xi 17%. Nhuge diém cia phuong phép nay 1a lm s@m mau va sif dung lugng nude nhiéu, thu héi va xi ly vo kh6. Hign nay, e6 thé thay thé qué trinh phun nude ap lye cao bling hoi nude (twong ty nhu trong phuong phép ding hoi nuéc). Ngoai ra, cing 6 thé téch vd bling céch ding héa chat kiém két “ ngp véi dang lye ma sat dé tach v8. Theo 46, nguyén ligu duge xi ly ‘v6i dung djch kiém 10% w/w), sau 46, nguyén ligu duge tach vé bing cde dia cao su hofe ede truc. Phuong phap nay gitip lam gidm luong nude tiéu thy, han ché tén that va dé thu héi lugng vé thai ra. e- Phitong phap a6t Phuong php nay 4p dung cho cée nguyén ligu 6 v3 dé chéy hy ed hanh. Bang ti mang nguyén ligu di qua bé mat duge gia nhiet dn 1000°C. Khi 46, lép v6 sé bi chéy va duge tach ra bang vige phun huge ap Iie cao. Us diém cia phuong phép nay 1a t6n thét nguyén ligu tha (chodng 9%). Nhuge diém eda phuong php nay Ia tiéu tin ahiéu ndng lugng.snes nyu doy Suann oq 281q pu &3 rend (eM) Plousey 98 WYO ofA 20nuy FYE os eT 9m ‘Suyl iq aaTH Suory weq CYT wasn vyo Apyo Op gy oa ognup figd as ups yy oF BND Buy Op oy, Bundu wpu Suonyd coy) Sup) ig 19149 ova og oonp ayd upkny my Ups sty 90 DRO Sudp uzkmyg TPS yu oe ™ ud uphn "A EL 9ty £1 26np Sudp updnys op 293 19a TH TS ‘yay Buon nyu udp upKngo Buonyd 99 9s pr vy EL END I9sE “A BL NOTE Sy 96np eu Bugp ugdnyo Op 97 =Bugy iq 32mm Bux oga Yd ugAny Enp wg eNO Zuhp oF op reyd enb 1px} m Buony oo SueBu urgu Suonyd ooxy Sugp uginyg + =A Binary $5 2anp Seu Sugp uganyp op 994 sof Bud veo Sump oy} op Bugmx eH Ry BupnY cay; Supp Supyy Suonyd oey; Buyp ugényo + sBuop updnyo rey 90 os gud ugdny Buosy WEI y8y oy0 ‘90 SOE (CPT?) Sue8u urge Bunnyd ooyp wos 19t Buyl tq 391K OFA ting oénp ay wedny 30 (UH) H OF nary BA (UE) MA FUOT NgTEP “(w) “LIRP namye toa aequ oD doy Yury Bmp 99 Supt iq aNH RE BID Bug yuua gnb oy 61 gy YUH UpNb of] ex A~S gp AeyD Bugp po Suonyd J9p Sep As 90 ooy Buvdu wiyu Suonyd oous Supt iq ier. OFA fy ue two AP Ryd UpdnY NPY ws Apx Sup] YUL pnb ‘Meu doy Sugnsy Suoy "YUH 1PYs Bubss Bu0s p Sugyy nyd uadny gy ono ups vyd Fupy - ‘aqd ugdny gy Su0x opyy Ups 7ey SunqE po upényp yoip As 19q Budp oF} fq Buoys as ups sey sOur UNO UPSD wip As op rapt ‘UST ynb Suor| nyd ugsnY BuO UPL 38y O90 SuAM weg doy Sugny Buon Bunp 1y> sooIg sen] UEP eS nM UD, u ‘gHd ONAL d3IHON BHO ONOUL 3HON BNIGD HL ynO IYO ld G8/ 19° = 8) Sugnay Suds 99) v8 - 3 (e8'N) Bugl Bud wpe youE op - (18x) Bug] eyd eo Bugt Suan royy - |b (coulda) ups sey eyo Bugis Busing 1owp{ ~ °0 (a) ups sq qu Suan P (67a of 34633 eNO Bunp 993 tonp Sug wyd Buon ups seq eno Suyl Gp 093 - *A ‘op BuON gt WF c ROS WOT quip 3ugq quip opx ofnp as of Bud eno Jahp oF onp Suny vp BURT Op 993 tH MgO YUTY Subp oo qYd upAnY dy BuON UBS seq OP NN “Sup iq api Buon nud uphny oy wee gp es Yonsu “eC diy Bugnay Buon :yuy ii Buds 9 ryd ueény dy ono ups oyd BupT - samo rey yum Sup dpqd Suonyd ovo wiyo pup 99 = Suny ‘oud aging 94 1a tog "ReyU OFM SUB Op 293 YUN YOR 99 as deyd Sconed 19 Bay] yuUT pnb Udy oe gp deud Buona nara 9D) -wequ 491g BuqHs Bug ea UpE ‘eyd rey onp nyx as wy Sunyo et pnb apy “Bug eyd wn yeu Aq a ugy You as Suny wp Bug] ead BO Suals Suan] yo Hou gu UB IU ayo vyo Bugis Suan row NgU “Tey DAABU ‘tq zIKN BND yp Buna Buon Bugy 9s Supyo wp Zuo ey ego Suors SuoMT rou uoy UE] UPL Tey ayo wgo Buz Suny iow ma NAN “Bugt WA UpE UM To Bua UEEE gs Sup] yuty pnb ‘op ry “oud wedny gy doy Bugnsy 49x NU PL hq 64 sfoy Suony ou oy ‘ay ugAnY 3H 104 Top wary afm gu 99 SUR YUH pad “upyd ony dorysu Bur Buory, “oh Buday wno BuAp 9p} top Oy 30m Bua My MyD ogo UND BugEE Buin OW] pA neq FUP As Bs ep Suet mou Yu vn ou Bl UPT 204 voyy 98.29 T yI VTS o NyPudne + Lng dong: chi 56 Re kh ong vist qué 0,2. Khi 46, ste edn eda ‘oi truéng tua theo din lu Stock. Ching ta 66 thé sit dung cong thie (a) tinh V, 4 phn trén a8 xe dinh gid tr} te & ling cia ede hat rn trong hé huyén phd. : : + Lang qua 40: chi s6 Re dao dong trong khodng [0,2 — 500) f° Khi d6, téc do ling V, cia hat ran f, cba cde hat rin trong hé huyén phi duge tinh theo eéng thie sau * ae o trong 46 C, 1a he ca moi re trong 6 trd lye cia moi trubng va duge tinh theo cdng O @ + Lang chy réi: chi sé Re dao a6; a r yng trong khodng [500 - 150.000]. Khi d6, he s6 trd lye cia msi trugng 1A hing 36 (C, = 0,45) va tée d6 ling V, cia cde hat ran ti in oe hat rin trong hs duce tinh theo céng thife sai «be bart @ i Khodng thdi gian ma dong Iau chat di hét chigu dai L cia thiét i Ming trén hinh 2.1.4.1 duge goi 1a thai gian lau cia huyén pho trong thiét bj ldng. Thai gian luu +, (s) duge tinh nhut sau: @ Khodng thai gian ma cée het i he _ kt ic hat phan tan roi hét 4 cao H cia thigt bi Ing trén hinh 2.1.4.1 duge goi la thoi gian Wdng. Thi pia ling +, (s) duye tinh theo eéng thife sau: nn H well, of I L Gc QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THYC PHAM 3 Dé dim bdo qué trinh phan riéng trong thiét bj ling dat duge hhigu qua cao thi %, > t, suy ra: te 1a ® Uu diém néi bat cia qué trinh ldng so voi cde qué trinh phan ritng khéc 1A chi phi ning lugng thép, gid thanh thiét bj ré va quy trinh van hanh don gidn. Tuy nhién, qué trinh ldng 6 ede nhuye diém la thai gian thye hign kéo dai va higu qua phdn riéng khong cao. Dé khée phye nhiing nhuge diém nay, c&e nha sin xudt e6 thé thye hign qué trinh ling trong truing lye ly tam. Noi dung nay sé uge trinh bay chi tiét trong phan 2.1.5. Cén lu ¥ 1a néu nhw khéi luyng riéng cla hai pha trong he huyén pha, hé nha twong hoe hé byi khong c6 suf khéc bigt dang ké thi kha-ndng phan riéng hai pha béi qué trinh ldng la rét kém, ‘Trong mt 86 trudng hgp, cée mha sin xudt o6 thé sit dung chit tro Ming dé gidp cho qué trinh ldng xdy ra dé dang, ding thdi edi thign higu qua sy phan riéng hai pha. Tuy theo ban chat héa hoe va tinh chat vat ly ofa ede edu ti trong hg hai pha ban ddu ma ching ta e6 thé Iva chon chat trg lng v6i co ché hoat dng phd hop. Muc dich sir dung chat trg ldng 1a lam xudt hign céc tp hgp (aggregate) cia nhiing edu ti thude pha phan t4n, tir d6 lam ting kich thude cia cée hat phan tén trong hé hai pha va gidp cho qué trinh ling dién ra dé dang hon va trigt 48 hon. Hign nay, trong nganh cong nghiép thye phim, bentonite la mét trong s6 nhitng chét tro ldng phé bién duge sit dung &é phan riéng he huyén phi. Vé mat thanh phan héa hoe, ty Ig phdn tram céc oxide kim logi trong bentonite nhu sau: silic oxide 50 - 65%, oxide nhom 15 - 20%, calcium oxide 3,5%, potassium oxide 2 = 3%, oxide sit 2 - 3%, Cac hat bentonite c6 edu tric tinh thé; ngoai kha nang hép phy, die biét la hap phy ning hop chét keo, ching con o6 thé trao déi ion véi mét s6 hyp chat héa hge tich dién. Do 46, vige sit dung chét trg Ing bentonite s@ giip cho ching ta téch thém duge mot sO hop chat keo va hgp chit tich dign hoa tan ra khdi pha long eta hg huyén pha.“up upyd eyd 96m v8y o9nqs WHY JuM WE] 9p Buy] On ayo woYp SuAp pS ye UBS WUE ayo ‘ddy Bugny npryu Buoxy, “ovo Sup) Sune eyd req Bagu2 uyyd gn ony BA uoq yeyU ex Spx Qs Sup YUU yb ‘Op rH ‘ov BuRD 98 984 ‘po Buy] Op 293 Typ UPD URYd ed ognqy 3ey opus YoY Sues NAN, ups upyd Dyd 26nys sy oonya yor "px Ups yu, And Sosy Bump ns afnp no uednBu yyy UR OBA dOnKA hyd es wUA Tey BRO BuaLE BubM OWL 9s YOOT UeUD ss +m otup Buogy, “oR BuRD as wYd Tey BugLA UY nb ry ea wer onus gp Saye Sapl que ynb wy up] Sug Leu ype yueu Ag “thq 94 wA Buon oyu oy ‘nyd ugdny oy Suox eYd Tey eNO Buats Supny tour yoo YUeyD As e Bul qu ynb epO aH Budg yd my ono Suge Suing royy 20 Yad) yueye 2g - Bud won 91 ngé os 20mm HL Sep | orp ‘Buyr quuy pnb usp Bugney yup gyBe Sug oy NIK MARIE OD | Bugny yup 91 nk 299 4 oy ugar Bu0x 264 YUIS Lop Uarq SuNYU BA YUIS VOY ‘96y BOY Sup uEYd oF gx Supp ex Sex ure Buoys Buyy qui pnb ‘werqu Any, “ndq| UasnBu Buon nyt Oy 198 08 3814 OFM as Bund wEYd YURI UEG Bug] BY Fey BLO 96y vou UpyM YER “eA TRON ny eq Suny NEE gx RO} VEO i 289 1pA 08 481g OpLIY JAS 90 98 oANP ny Bug] ed Tey eNO ~BuaLZ Bump serge ou Op ‘Buds £4 nyu $1 98a BuoN] ep gs rou WR BURT yu pnb es ex P| Nes “Bunm oqU 3M 19s Lop AYE Mp 3A “Fh By BA Suom yt @y “Rud wadny gy no yd Tey SUA YOR os Buy YUE Be gx uasndu ono 190 UNG 29-6 cugén] YUH nyp yenx ups ‘ug BugKR, ‘YL tg9 99 THot auyP Bud BugN one ‘wour wey BugN apes “enb mer apn ‘90q gun apne ups “pt opm RA ngyT Asse opne Af Ox Buoz Bump as oinp Suomi Buy] yu pmb “upyd one dey Bug Suosy, se WyHd AHL dJIHON 9NOD SNOUL 3HON ONOD HNIEL YO O¥D -upy Seep gp wary ofp aAnp oom an 061 yous pnb oyp iq upnyo uryyE HEN TOE BE 39M OPO Oq |S YOR 9p Sup] quis pnb wary ous Sugnyy ypnx wes equ oF “eM 49% Bue Zues ugdnyp es yyy dey gs yur ap eprxorp uoqes wa roa Sueq IAT upl 41 Ox Ip wep 2Anp Sugnp ryo yo Ypip “Bugnp [yo yo Ry asoreyDOES ygnx ups Qyu Bug Buosy my Ap JA “UoY OB EMb ney ep RA UO Sep gp wor 2A odnp oovp dare qutED pb ox fq upne I gyaU Bago ppp oft oo Suyy ys pb ‘doy Suonn 9s 3our Bua -fq-upNyD - ungyd YoREA FO NA eno Buoy op wsTy TPO ap “Erb ga “en git ovq 21 DA YURUT Ny oY IEG dea ops oq Teo] dnis as Sup yous pnb ‘yqur nfnz ygnx uys gyda Bugo Buoy UD “neM went oom po Suox Op WOE myOY UTE UPYE doF Ra opme rou Bx “INP “3¥9 NYU oun apqp dé 990 39q yows as Supt que pnb “upd of apne ups Apor ‘yu ogo Tey ndqy weAnBu opmu S| x YUE Anb Buon MEE AP yA “UAH poy ef SgBx Sago Yosp oviur 99 ou 9p op ‘upYd UBS END BuAnI 4EyP nent ryp Wea 3m WaT yo WEL as SuyT YUL pb susry7 POH - “pup eu eI @4Bu Bugs yop situ go Suge Supl yutsy pnb ‘op rey "unyd dys YUL BMb mm 404 BAS TO nya gp Sug; quuy pnb Sump ns guy 99 yynx wes EYL ORD “(SuMp ps End zp Ags upyu oy} Sugp) rondu yyy Saou BL OM UaTT eyd Ugo “ENS 4eq apo BL up} Ueyd Byd wos Bq rh oy Jur ET WIRY YURKA UPG BE OB 2s unyd Ags ut pnts “Jorg wns no wens my 36q BOS UEYE NE gp UnyS ays dyyd Buonyd Sunp ps Bugney w renBu ‘Aew wore AP TA ope veut er SpE UL pnb eno Suu Suge yorp ofur ‘Kew diy Sugna Buoay, “Sup yu yb Buip ns gui 90 apnx ups eyN op ‘NY Uedny oy MF 404 TEN FON PH gp ‘wp qui pnb neg 30q YUH yey 999 Buos} uy UQD opnu BuO we} zou apyo dv Sunyu oq reo] EYE opnu Suon 36q qu Wy ORE qT pnb worq ofa yeud w ronda “Tur reouy o¥o ABH ToOTR] MUL YO 10] gs 90ur ga apo OBu Mm 10q UR apnx uys YULR nb Buos = AP FA, snequ opp BI nyo THO] nerqu ea upyd yueyT nerya oo wes wpyd yu UE Ky WEGd UPS YoU nya apRK UBS ENE ayo OUD dos SupT YUEN yb -opyy MY - mes noqu guys BugD YIP oft Bunya 99 Sugney Sup] Yue pnb ‘wyyd aAyy doryau Bug9 Boxy, uty omtys 10 wsiyd pa gySu Suge yorp ony -e u anya76 PHAN? + BO nhat ctta pha lién tue Khi thye hign qué trinh Ing trong trutng bi mn Higu la he hyn phi he aba tang ® trong ll Ea hoe seats Ite ak bom vao thiét bi ling theo ché dg chay ding v6i chi s6 Re khong vust qué 0,2 thi do nhét eda pha lién tye 6 anh huéng lén dén tée af lang. BO nhét cia pha lién tuc cang cao thi tée do ling cla céc hat Phan tin trong he $8 ang thap. Ce nha sin sud 6 thé thay 46: hited a a chinh 49 nhét ca pha lién tue trong hé huyén phi 5: Thidt bj ling Cée thiét bj King 06 thé hoat dong theo nguyén tie gidn doan hoe lien ‘tue a ‘Trong nganh cong nghiép thye phém, hién nay hau hét ede thiét bj ling déu hoat déng theo nguyén tdc lien tue. Khi dé, dong Se atae hal pha sé duge dua lién tye vao bén trong thiét bi lang va hai dong san phéim sau qué trinh phan riéng s a wa ng phan rieng sé duge thao lién tue ng ait Hem, ching ta 38 quan sat edu hinh ea mot 56 tht bj dng duéi tée dung eda trong Ive. Hinh 2.1.4.2 gidi thiéu mot thiét bj lng 6 cénh khudy rang cao dé phan riéng ede hé huyén phi. es che QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 7 ‘Thiét bj c6 dang hinh try ding, dy edn. Bén trong thiét bi o6 ‘eanh khudly rang edo (3) 48 gidp cho qué trinh tho can rin ra khéi thigt bj dugc d& dang, Cénh khufy c6 thé chuyén dong xoay tron 1a aha duge két néi véi dong co (8). Trong qué trinh hoat dong, ngudi ta se bom huyén phi lién tye vao thiét bj qua eifa (1). Huyén phd 88 ty | dang lén bén trong dng hinh tru trung tam (2) réi chay tran vao ving ling (6). Cac hat rén trong huyén phi 6 lng va tap trung tai ving can (4) réi duge théo ra ngoai thiét bi qua cita (7). Phan pha ling cba huyén phd sé chay tran vao mang (6) va duge théo ra bén ngodi. ‘Thiét bj nay thudmg duge sit dung dé xi ly nude thai tai eée nha may thye phdm. Hinh 2.1.4.3 gidi thigu mét thiét bi ling khong 06 cénh khudy. ‘Thiét bi cang cS dang hinh try nhumg phan day c6 dang hai hinh nén. Bén trong thiét bj 6 nhiing tm ngan dé higu:chinh dong chay cia huyén pha theo mét quy dao xc dinh nim hé trg sy ling cla cée hat rin trong huyén phi. Nguyén ligu duge born vao thiét bj qua cla (1), con pha Iéng va pha rén duge théo ra khéi thiét bj qua cla (2) va ita (8). Thiét bj nay cing thuting duge sir dung trong e4c quy trinh xit lf nuéc tai nha méy. 1 eda nap nguyin teu (nyén pho) 2 ng tg thm; 3 edn Huby rng cho ving tap trung cin lng; §- viing Kang ea céc hat pha rin; 6- mang tho 7 ha ling ebahuyén phi ra ki thi: 7- eda thdo cd: &- dng co Hinh 2.1.4.2 Thiét bj ldng ¢6 ednh khudy rang cao 1-cita nap huyén phd nguyén eu; 2- olla théo pha lng: {3+ ella thao pha rin; 4- tém ngan Hinh 2.14.3 Thiét bj ling hinh try voi hai day nén Mét thiét bj Idng khée trén hinh 2.1.4.4 cing ¢6 dang hinh tru diing va day obn, Bén trong thiét bi c6 rat nhiéu dia ngin (4) 06 dang hinh nén va duge xép chéng lén nhau. Céc dia ngin nay s8 duge két Lyd ugény gy Bugys upyd gp euopty ere YUU ugi ed eno ipoW eN0-£ ups oud opig 8n0 -z ud uphny dou eg9 dpiysu 499 YEU HL SL RE ER Anb Buon ree THE Suep Tous er thi YOR ‘ung Ags yuu pnb nus Sys upyt 993 Bugp rou ex 30q ERS YORI “IG IME ‘ups Buon worqnoy 19a equ yoip ros unp uéop TIS nes BYU yoIp rou x wo[qnoy Boy WHS UPR “30q YUN yx Wes BuO Ayd UPANY FOU Bx 40q YUH 3By Dp0 YON gp BuAP NS onp auoToAd a9 ‘Keu UATE “Iq agua eno quIp eno enb Teosu ex opus afm 9s NY ugANY BNO BuO eyd upud “App eno rey fq 3amT) 1OUy Bx OPER OAMp as BA OA qUTY mu 09 upox Sugnp oom Suop ugdnys es od wpANG BuO UE UPUE 984 999 ‘op tua “fay WEN UpUd ENO LON YUTY WoT 39m TPA UpAM dgn Suonyd cays ovo Op 293 20ur Toa iq agTHI OA Wg oAND 9s NOT Wednyi “w9o Ayp ea fin qutY Sup 99 tq yorEE, “OM WeknY gy Su—EE uyyd 9p Sui ps cénp ouopss your NOTH 198 SF TS HUT 6 Wyte OnH dZIHON OND ONOUL JHON OND HNL YnO Oyo “tig ay ea oud pang ay Sugi upgd gp Sump ps oAnp Suny “euops4> oo eT Agu iq aaryI Woy oye MURY UPIG “UES Sf OFT BugKA ya off Buds Bugsy eno doy 325 Surip 9¥9 yonp Suop réoy opyy Suyl iq aaim 9s 30ur ‘OAT Buon Sugnsy ego Bufp oF} tonp Sudp yoy Suyy iq yerys Sunyu yuk vag upBu pip Buoys #y pa wou Kop tan yury Supl iq WML PPS ge op Bug +s ou uuu uR6uep-p - ug Bung Bug -¢ Bagi eud opty Ou -z faygnauew "npP Tou BF BOY AnuS Ueop Tes nes prdsroxdsoyd uo 2p $OPL WIP oftar MIRE UB NYP WEAN YUN YUN And Buon Burp ps ANP Agu iq apruy, “App eno wnb reodu ex ogy émp eA ug App Buna 16} Sunn ip 9s pr mo Upya “() UEP Sup enb iq VIA Teo wr OPK RA Buy ey snp 19x exp BRO uaIG Buns BE ayON UUs vIP FD EMIS OY OM OF 4 oop as Bug] egg “Bugnx wan m Suony oom Sanp Says Buonyd oon phn 1p (&) ty Bunny Sup oom ea {a ABNB HEIp Bro 1B) ORS wOG 26ND 3s gud ugdny ‘udp y8oq YoU pnb Buoxy, (~) wey Sunny Sug 1A tow Nyhid %* pain 2 2.1.5, LY TAM 1- Co sé khoa hoe Ly tam 1a qué trinh sit dung lye ly tam dé phan riéng cdc edu ‘if €6 kh6i lugng riéng khée nhau. Dong lye eda qué trinh 1a lye ly tam va yéu t khde bigt dé phan riéng la kh6i lugng riéng. Sy khée bigt kh6i lugng riéng cing lén thi qué trinh phan riéng duge thye hign cang dé dang. ‘ Dya vao d6i tugng phan riéng, qué trinh ly tam o6 thé duge phan loai nb sau: ~ Ly tam dé phan rigng hai chat ling khong tan vao nhau: thong thudng, qué trinh ly tam duge sit dung 46 phan riéng hg nha tuong nuge trong dau (w/o) ho&e hé nha tuong déu trong nuée (ofw). ~ Ly tam dé phan ring hé huyén phi: day IA qué trinh thuong duge sit dung 4é lam trong cdc huyén phi nhu lam trong dich nude qua trong qui trinh sdn xudt nuée qua trong = Ly tam loc ~ Ly tam dé tach cde odlu tit Io Ing trong pha khf: day 1a qué trinh thutg duye sit dung dé téch byi ti khong kh. Co 86 15 thuyét cita qué trinh ly tam phan riéng hai chét long khong tan lin vao nhau Luc ly tam F, (N) tée dung len mgt vét 6 khoi long m (kg) chuyén dong theo quy dgo tron e6 ban kinh R (m) véi van tc géc (rad/s) la: F =mRo® @ Xét hin hgp hai chat Idng A va B khéng tan vao nhau, 6 khéi lugng riéng tuong ting 1a pa va ps (Bid sit p4 > pa). Néu cho lién tue hon hop hai chét ling nay vao mdt 6ng hinh try e6 dubng kinh R va chigu cao h, quay voi van t6e géc 1a @ (rad/s), khi dé, chat Ing A va B sé c6 khuynh hudng chuyén dong vé phia thanh eta Sng. Do chat Jong A nang hon chat léng B nén chét Iéng A sé phan bé sét thanh Sng, tao than hinh yanh khuyén tron phia ngoai. Con chat léng B ‘thi phan b6 gan tam cia dng, tao thanh hinh vanh khuyén tron phia trong. Gita chét long A va chét ldng B hinh thanh nén bé mat phan chia git hai pha (H.2.1.8.1). ‘hc QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THC PHAN at khong gian tng Chat ang 8 ‘Thanh thst by chai ibng A Hinh 2.1.5.1 Ly tam dé phan riéng he lng - long ‘Trong thye 16 thi bé mgt phan chia gita hai pha nay thing khong 13 rang. Theo hinh 2.1.5.2, R, duge goi la ban kink ean bing. Nguyen tibu vao LPs.) cuaracia chat ing 8 [=> Cila ra cia chat ling A XT NS Hinh 2.1.5.2 Bén kinh cén bang R, trong qué trink ty tam ling - ling Xét trubng hgp ly tung la cde phan ti cia chét léng chuyén dong voi van t8e géc bang véi van te gée cia Sng ly tam (b3 qua sy trugt gita chat 1éng v6i thanh Ong va Ive ma st). Theo cdng thi (1), xét hin 2.1.5.2, lye ly tam dF tae dung lén vanh khuyén c6 d9 day aR va kh6i lugng dm duge xée dinh nhu sau: aF = Rom ‘Trong 46 dm = 2npbRAR véi p 1a kh6i lugng riéng cia chét long (kgf) va b 1a chiéu cao eta Sng (m). Suy ra: GF = 2xpbo"RdRses niga wea A{ Bug eno sony EH RA UE AT Op apr “qpip Bump eno ayyO YUH ogo ‘nget deyu Op Opn emis Gxt wenb row woxy ay uu) Suongg Bug] ups dy Bug upyd ap wer 7 gers yuu it —— on nn wekndn Ws oy avon uuu uy YW up eusora eco | | ‘noni doqu Op 99) oA 26mm Hyd arp 4] Bug tous Bx Ip ups y8y Sudny ea urpi A] Bug Buon rey enw ofnp upz sey Buony eni8 oT £1 “ures A} Buy rou es tp ea yotp Sump Buon wEIp Word WBA ou ‘yURUI Wap Uadngo Ip BuoMy uEX ey NaN “QU U~dny TOW IPs oon eA Bug Buon 18] O18 pNP ge Banyo ‘Buy rou tor THY, senna Sug quer usp Budp ugAnyo op UPI ey 9D NENT ‘Bu BND YURI erud 9a Sugp pany Bupny mx 99 ups 984 apo “wD A oF BO BuAp O89 TON “ABP Ro hay Yury your BuoT OBA dyo Suno ofmp Agu Yd ugny BDI “URI m9 nyo ovo EMP 99 op Buon “y yoip Sunp ru sax nyd ugén 94 Suan: upyd wor 6 yurss pnb Dns s96ny2 $4 by aoe " cog ORR Atraca8) at 8062 mp, eI oo (UTEP BuL1 wy Su 188 a6mp det Bugn BOaKN "RL ton Buapp Suara Bugs es tory oy Joa Bugn your wou Iq Suen Amp ups S| iq rT Buon ‘eyd wy uEYd eer 9q quip upyd Bugu yyy BuoMO BUR gp ‘an ari Buory, -uoy UTE ups 9a updmp as oo wyd wy ueyd vier “wre Ay ey UNELE Vay nu “yulp 29 9AM A UPL BRE FE “Ap 1A "Bx Bop 2¥9 wpO Budny nny Lop Aeys YOY Bayq uery OMG odnP guy 99 Bune ed wryD uy gu BLO I tA UTD aNd 981A “Iq s9TE eNO po 49H OBA OOMeR hyd AeU Jy La YURYS neTY pT _ ‘ware Any, “(ariog-2g mi aus 99) out 3px YPyS AupOY SunyU IpA oAmp 8 Wyld oft d3IHON 8109 BNOUL ZHON ONO HNL YAO OO udry ofyp ger go wud ergo uRYd deur UND In La top AeY Ag "Tey 9énBu a QT as quLH pnb (q) SuoT aeqo vO YES YU Op BUR UTEL YP, hur Ya () Suu BugT IBY TOU Bx (¥) Sabu Suoy yeUP YOR YET yMb dry ofys ag “4oY TeP Tes 19x ru BuoN uo uoT UI At 9A] ED BUA apa niyp (y) Sueu Bug] ayo wea “upsu ues tyr Supoyy our Buon oy aga A] of eno Suitp 96 niyo (q) oyu Bugl yey “Op TOL “a Hednyy yoEA OR gun tA os 1ay y8na y edMED| HUTEA BNO YH gua 9p wR St Sup BLO wp} ga ugdnys Supny nx go eyd ery UpGd Hur ‘op roy “a Bedmey qUEA supa Suox may ues LeMp UY rep reud y Uadngy yuRA Buns Buowy ro woi8 romp “(V) Bue Buoy yey wp yes YUN Op Buy ure gp (vy) Bude ugh apup soup vs (A) Sy Buoy apyD UE HPPA WOME KEY “AP IA “doy OU oe Sy RA YE MUR] wg ovo WoYD UBD “ex YR) uONUT AF AYO OBA sONKA fn, Bug que Bx upAnyp Bupny mx 99 y SugT YP ‘e{ Bug] IwYP PL ugdnypy yuRa Suna Buon ‘Tey ofnBa eA q Bug] BGP eM wAdNI yA Guna ga ugdnyp ap wey | of BIyd ga Tp A BI YOM UEP Bupny Mx 99 Bugl apyp “y Bagi ypyo Boo wasn yuEA Suna SuoKy, “Ca WA VA TUL upg ova o6nyy yd RL BER YoRD 19M AEM) BuoT FWD Tey SR Suen] Lo a1 1 oA 26mm figd *y BuRG UES TUR URG ABU WEI gH 99 ‘AEA ¥d wt, wet BINS vag wg % sop oc “Bary = Yaw ean ‘quip up Seu ugg tv doy WOM zig Ga wor aL sony UpT q eA BugL ApH doy rey WaT Bump ops apns dy “EA ae fom ay "RL" — "a Aep Op 90 wadnegy trea Hay BuGD O99 aENS A my el wan ue eA FY RL TOMP Ube 19a UP cay aP wey yom AVT BRS Pao = ape oaag FP Pet up ep Op 99 wads YUBA WaT Bump OFF ypNs dp “OP TEM NYHd tJ my4 PHAN 2 2] 04=P0D§] ov | wf ie 4 eet ae ap ) ime RD a) | trong dé: q - lot lugng cia dong dung dich; g - gia te trong truong ps tH trong cia huyén pha; pr - t¥ trong cia dung dich D, - dubng kinh ti thiéu cia hat o6 thé tach khéi dung dich khi di qua dng ly tam 11+ 46 nhét cia dung dich; o - van t6e gée cia Sng ly tam Ry - ban kinh trong cia vanh khuyén tgo thanh béi chat long Ry - ban kinh trong cia dng ly tam V - thé tich cia phan chat léng duge git Iai trong éng ly tam. Theo phuong trinh trén, phan trong dau ngoat ddu tién cia vé phai thé hign tinh chat eda dung dich, phn trong du ngoat thi hai thé hign cdc dic trung cia dng ly tim. Phuong trinh trén duge sit dung dé tinh toan lau lwong dong nhép ligu trong éng ly tam hinh tra khi biét duge kich thuée va tée d6 quay ciia éng ly tam. 2 Mue dich cong nghé vé pham vi thive hign Qué trinh ly tam duge ing dung kha rong rai trong cong nghé thye phém. Dudi day sé gidi thigu mét s6 ting dung eda qué trinh ly tam trong cong nghé thye phém. Ché bin siza: trong cong nghé ché bién stta, qué trinh ly tam duge sit dung dé tach chit béo ra khdi stta. Tay theo mye dich ma 6 thé téch ho&n todn hoje t4ch mOt phén cht béo. Bé sin xudt cde sén phdm sta gy, qué trinh ly tam c6 thé lam gidm ham luyng béo trong sta xudng thép hon 0,05%. Sin xudt déw tinh luyén: trong qué trinh tink luyén déu, déu tho duge xit If véi nuée, acid-hoac kiém 8 logi ede phosphatide va cée chat gum. Sau khi xi ly xong, du sé duge dem ly tam dé tach cde tap chat dé ra. Néu qué trinh tach gum bling acid thi sau Ichi tach gum, dau sé duge rita Iai bang nude néng va nude ra nay cing duge tach ra bling phuong phap ly tim. Sau d6, dau sé tiép tue duge dem di trung hda va ede cht xA phong ha sé duge téch ra bing phuong phép ly tam. Dau tidp tue duge ria bling nuée néng va nude ria cing duge tach ra bing phutng phép ly tam. AC QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 85 ‘Sdn xudt bia: trong cong nghé sin xudt bia, phuong phap ly tam 6 thé duge sir dung dé lam trong dich nha va bia. Qué trinh ly tam cling 6 thé duge tng dung dé tach ném men c6 trong bia. Trong qué ‘trinh ly t4m bia, edn dim bdo 46 kin cia thiét bj vi néu kh6ng, sé siy ra tn that CO; ding thoi 0; o6 thé xm nb§p vao bia, lam gidm 4% bén (héa ly va sinh hoc) eda sin phém. ‘San xudt rugu vang: qué trink ly tam 6 nhiéu ting dung trong quy trinh cong nghé san xudt rugu vang. Qué trinh ly tam e6 thé duge sit dung riéng hoge két hyp véi qué trinh loc. Bé lam trong dich nho sau Kchi ép, ta o6 thé sit dung phuong phép ly tam. Sau khi lén men, 48 tach nm men s6t trong nigu vang, cing c6 thé sif dung phuong phép ly tam (thutng thye hién trude hi Ipc). Trong sin xuét rugu vang 43, qué trinh ly tam cing ¢6 thé duge 4p dung 4é tach nm men va tap chat trite khi cho vao thing i. Ché bién rau qua: trong cOng nghé sin xuét ede logi nude rau qua, qua trinh ly tm déng vai trd kha quan trong. Qué trinh ly tam 6 thé duge sit dung d6 téch ede loai chat nhdy khi sin xudt nuée ép tir qua citrus hay diva. N6 cing o6 thé due sit dung dé téch ede tap chat trong qué trinh lam trong ede logi nude qua dé san xudt nude qua trong. Qué trinh ly tam edn duge ting dung trong sn xudt tinh ddu ti cde qua citrus. Dich trich thuting 06 chifa 0,5-3,0% (whw) tinh dau. Dich trich nay duge dem ly tam lén 1 dé thu hin hop o6 ham lugng tinh dau 50-70% (w/w). Hén hgp nay tiép tye duge ly tam lan 2 4é tach tinh dau 06 9 tinh sgeh cao hon. Ngoai ra, qué trinh ly tam con duge img dung trong nhiéu Iinh we khde nb tach ba sau kbi trich ly trong sin xudt stia dau nanb, lam trong eéc loai syrup, tach nue sau khi lAng tinh bét, téch chit béo tit thit xay, tach nue trong c& phé nhén sau khi ria e& phé trong qua trinh so ché, téch cdc tinh thé da trong cée qua trinh ob dae két tinh. Tay theo vj tri cia qué trinh ly tam trong quy trinh san xudt thye pha ma mye dich cong nghé cla qué trinh ly tam eé thé la chudin bi, kai théc, bao quin hoe hoan thign. 3: Cée bién déi cita nguyén ligu ‘Trong qué trinh ly tam, yéu t6 chi yu tée dong lén nguyén ligu chi Ia téc dong eiia lye ea hoe (Ive ly tm). Vi vay, ngoai sy téch pha, cfc bién 46i khéc trong qua trinh ly tam thuéng khong dang ké. Syea ug wee ‘Kea iq 391m Suan “ex TORN “Su UTE, Ay Iq ~M BuO 19a 08 up wBBU ¥ Buol IFYO BHO UAANYD Tp Yop FupoKRA “ABU fq T—NEA Su0sL, “(YS TSH) 194 MUF gp Aeox uy eno YUIP Ug A¥P oGnp HA ‘eIp eno Urg} Ups OBA UgAnYD Tp as Syu Byd Ugo ‘(KBox Bay BNO YURY 94 Bugma) wip wpe ure ex ws ugdnyp Tp as Bug vyd “ary, Aj af EO Suip 993 tonp ‘Ayu Suga Supoyy ovo Tey, “wip ovo wns Su SupoUy 84 Ip 91 999 19q YeETA O84 d6np YUE 999 oOMR “9p ORS “Avox UEyD ABP 9 ofA youd upyd énp neq doyN “Aeox woYD Up vp UP SugMx Suro uaa; Bip mM wednx Key Buop su of aur 99 oYD oBs dox dys oAnp gf ayo 90 AeU wip 959 aR], “wiggT-og SuBOKR| eIp ovo EMIS Yovo SuROKDE “heox UBy BRO 2p UGA IA Buy om WEA IA Bug upsnyo as Ket Ip 99O “nEYU Ua SugYD dax (exp) TeoT UMA Bugq yo wou YuTY NFO 9 299 go Apu Avox upys Buon weg “wOQOT-0g SUPOU fay URE eNO YUTy Sugng “quip 99 9a doy Buon uo Susp ugdnyo ugo Suep 90 yUEp “ty Yury UBT vox UpYD WIS oBq O8} NZD cAMP iq YaTy DIP wy AT oyu Sure reyd Sup UPI Sugnp “Us| Burg Lend op apy, “ane/AueA 000°0S tap angduea QoO'ST mm 2EP guR 90 UTE AT Bu BNO Aenb 9 eA “oh Buds) wp, ng 60 weIR Axl 97 99 ‘Bua ape yuED yb wp ‘pnb ngry nyu Sun9 Sain yop ope ony AGL, “we AeyD nga 69 enb Sugyy ure} A] Bug eno vax YUP 2 194 MYR AMP eA Bug Buon v1 Yow? oAnp Gye ea Suga) Suol oud rH “Buy wpe Aenb py EA ty Budp wasn 98 Bug] yy OFq WEP gp Buoy Suoy nyo po ogoy Buy YORU UEN Uys ‘Winp mIR Myo £9 99 3u9 A¥p E “tonp BY m Sup Suo7 ova enp oénp nd ugh “g-} Sapo] Buon Subp oep Suge YUP] Suenp vA rep nly ‘end OI 44 “UDgT-OT Mm Sug eno YUTY UNG “Oty 3OuI YuENb Aenb ‘TEP ay quny Bug your wos ovq Agu Susp wer At fq 39M up wor KT oyu ova un Sugyy Sug] wy wy Bua upyd mys Oy -D iq 19042 pa udty onys dpyd Suomig-9 “CqEEN pb wpo 96y wor] gs no upYd Suan Seq YUER HP AYU) YALA yr ep pnb nery ugp Sugny yuy Sun urgyd uys rey ems ex Buep a ‘args Aj of Bugg Bug ~ Sugy Sugrr wed YUL yNb Yon top Suary dequ Suep Sud nny uy nor 96ta Seq WOT afuy sonp us, UL pnb Fu0N ng uesndu eno nny Wes 194) 2pOS wagpt OBA “ia aH eno aps Buy MIPS UrEl as TEP SuHD nny TUS Tom ‘upryu Any, ‘ovo Suyo Suet weyd YUU ynb eb narq ee MBL Buy wry 4{ qu nb Bao my nyo ope BK MNT WEB toys nny woAP IY - B ‘nytid oft aIHOW INGO ONDKL JHON NGO HNL ynO 9¥O “ogo Buy urys 41 quem pnb Buon Bugis upyd en ngry “up Beeo as urey Aff “pT Bury mays AL HU HH RE (1) BRK Bugd ows cup Ky yuny uPg - : “que pb po of YUTY pnb ngry wrps ure] “up] Sue iq yar ma NEP Fy Tyo ‘ORD Sueo iq 191H9 BND 264 99 WEG OP 9A nYD NEA THR UPI Buy 208 O97 HEA ‘rps Ay qua) pnb Buoy “wary Any, Buy) Bug Auyys upys qu gab ‘pnb nrg ‘apy Bury ures AY OFT FIN] “UST SurRD wrHA A aH ENO UPL OP “UOT Bugs 208 991 UBa Tey ‘op oauT, “208 991 UBA Buonyd Yq 19a wy at 4 wen Ay oft ego up] Op “(L) ODMR EOD oo :wUHF 4) 297 WHA - -(runoyoad ‘urureya nye Hp $8) 199 uaiq iq pus 99 Op s8ryu toa wR Key aBYyd yUEUA op “Op Fey BNP Sunp 93 jonp ‘wud ups oy yrqu Suu rey ef 4 nyo Uy ‘wary ANI, ‘Sugu ugyd YUL ynb exo enb ney Buys ep 9,09 Savor Uap IIHT a3 ofnp Bugney noq ugha wns ‘ens m o9q apy Bug wEyd TH Juyy Suyo Sug uyyd quuy pnb pnb ngry ‘uBH Suyo Bugp ugsnyo ait 9x ‘dey Suyo ofy waq aud Suol yey wT ayyU Op ‘ovo Buy néyy ueAnBer exo Op OTE NgU “Ury A] YUL BNb Bum -Op 12TUN - ase oy dyn upU Buor| Sug] aU Tey BNO AuaE BuANT YoU GOL ‘quan Op ‘Buol apy Tey Sugiz uyyd yutH ynb Buox] “Buep gp Buy wx upp Sua weqd yuu pnb ‘merqu Buys wat SuAp oyy wey AL om eno wey yUaYD As NP Up] Bayo Sue upyd ups my Apo Toy wp Bug Sudn| IUA YT YuEYO Op Puan Fuény royy yoo WHEY? Oa ~ ofq way Byd uu of uot aByo BI 4819 9p ‘BugT PUP 999 ENO IOYE Op WAP £ HUD UBD ‘Bua ‘ugyd quuy gnb S103 ‘9p og “wey Zugo er upp Sug upyd YUL pnd: ‘ergy Buyo 3udp ugsnqo. Op 99% ‘Up ug Suop upAnYD aAL O99 “UOT Bayo Bugny rou eyo apyu Op ‘x 3dur Buna Sup ova re "AG My oy Bugp ugdnyp Op 293 Uap Up] BI BugMY YuR 99 Sug| eyd eno r9YT OP ‘oud uadny 999 Bug uygd RA NEM OFA UBT Ue} BUOY Sul APY Te Sug ugyd gp urey A] yuEN pnb Su0x :Fug] vyd vn wy dg - Bupny yup 91 ngs 99 -F ~-oiip op ‘Buda, £4 “soqu Op mere yd your Suozn $1 BOY IFT yun 9po ga 1gp Sous As Uap UBD 98 arp A] YU yn Buoy Ud YORE ZNYH 888. PHAN 2 qué trinh trugt gida hai lép chat lng trong qué trinh ly"tam, gop phén Ja phé vo hé nha tuong. Hai pha ning va nhe duge thu héi thong qua co edu chay tran, duge thiét ké thém “dia trong lye". Nguyen tigu vo Cia indo san pdm casting 8 trong tnaip_ ta kim log nat ibng ‘ty trong cao — “ Kem tot cn en ng nating 4tY trong thaip Dia {Y trong théip_ 4 7 Chat ling Z Bin soongen GY LS nap tigu x > GF. Hinh 2.1.5.4 Thi8t bj ly tam dia @) Nguyen ly hoat dong ctia thiét bi 8) Dia; ) Dong chuyén déng gitta ede dia b- Ly tam phan riéng he huyén phir Ca thiét bj ly tam Sng va ly tém dia. déu o6 thé duge sit dung dé phan rigng hé huyén phi. Trong cd hai thiét bj nay, pha rén khong duge Idy ra lién tuc ma né bém Ién than. Khi dat chiéu day nhét dink, phai ngimg hoat ding 48 thao ba. Thiét bj dang ng 6 nang sudt chifa ba nhd va thing ding 48 phan riéng d6i voi huyén phi ‘y6i ham lugng pha phéia lan {¢ hon 0,5%. Tuy nhién, n6 6 thé duge hc QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NaHIEP THUC PHAR 89 sit dyng 4é phan riéng eéc huyén phi ¢6 kich thuée rét min vi c6 thé “quay vi t6e 40 cao. Thiét bi ly tam dia cé thé cé nang sudt chita ba cao hon thiét bi ly tam ng dén 4 ld, tuy nhién, né cing chi ap dung cho huyén phi véi ham lugng pha phan tén thap hon 1%, Thiét bi ly tam e6 chén xoay dang con: cdu tao thiét bi bao gbm mot chén xoay dang cén quay quanh mét true thang dting. Tat cd duge Ast trong v5 o& dink. Nguyén ligu di vao day eda chén xoay. Du6i téc dung ciia lye ly tam, ede huyén phit sé di chuyén vé thanh cia chén xoay va bam trén d6. Phén dung dich sach di chuyén lén phia trén va chay tran ra ngoai vd. Khi ba day, thiét bi duge ngimg hoat dong, Ip ba duge tach ra bling dao va théo ra ngoai bang cita xa day ca chén xoay (H.2.1.5.5). Thiét bj nay o6 thé 4p dung cho huyén phi ¢6 dn 2% ham lugng pha phan tan. Bé o6 thé thao ba due lin tue, chén xoay duge khoét 16 (thutmg 2-24 16) v6i dung kinh ti 0,75- 2mm, ty thude vao kich thuée cla huyén pha. Khi 6, dong bé (chiém khong 2-50% Khéi lugng nhap ligu) duge théo ra lién tuc qua cfc 18 nay. Dong ba nay e6 néng 4 huyén phd len dén 25%. Néu mun nang cao hon nita néng 49 cdc edu tif thude pha phan tén trong dong bé, €6 thé hodn liu mét phan dong ba. C6 thé hoan lu dén 75% dong ba (tay thude vao tinh luu bign eda dong ba). Nong dé ede edu tit thuge pha phan tn e6 thé dat dén 40% néu hoan leu hop ly. Hinh 2.1.5.5 Thitt bi ly tam o6 chén xoay dang con‘gi ofp Buon; d89 Bugmep doy Buqny, UI Ae@ “we8a wpa vp udp seo shut aq wan rey URE 28 UOTE MPO Supqu ugo ‘uu yopa woo uyp oem ayo Stios eq OBA UH} YDOMED, IH 96{ Bq BRD 94m NpO BunqU :npS aq Va rdw 2q doy 194 Budp 267 ‘NBS 9q 96] BI 169 oAnp Agu doy Bugnsy, ‘upsU YORA BNO UEP oBMT ayo on nyo Buon waq yuyMA OF oSnp 96[ Bq BA UBD ovur apo Huo, oq oR UE qoaNY 9s FuNYD op op ‘uyBu YoRA eNO UR oBU GUTH Sugnp uoy oyu 96] Bq Buon m nyo OM DpMME PSH -vs 29 267 “pe 9q 20] BI 103 96np Apu doy Sugnay, “uRsix YRA eno Budp doy your 9q waxy ung as 961 vq dol op op ‘wEBu WEA ueN UyP ovUE YU BugMP uy Up] 96[ Bq BuO MI NBO apo opMyr YOH ‘abu gq 257 upBu yopa wasp 267 Dq Dno 9q und AS TOTS YUU iu 99.901 ‘a nes 9.007 ‘at ut {COTE ED Buep vq qereTA 261 yuus pnb eyyp ey ren “aEsu YoA UAH 96] Bq ERD 139 LA OBA EC “Tous ur nyd ugény SuAM 9p TA 961 YUEN enb wap di ap 1p 193 Buy ‘Ay qops upAnb Suoxy, -26] sey HOY 96] ypIp waU of BA URBU YppA Unb Ip a6 sy Uy ogoy Zug] eYd UED ‘Ody Bq YURI of wa upsu YovA toq TET MB iq as Tq BA NY UpANy BuO Up yd “op THM “hq ea nyd uegdny # Suonyy 26, qua pnb equ Bug upyd ofnp doy ugy ‘wpyd oft dérqdu Sug Buoxy, “unde yopa UT 168 ofnp wpe rey 9 wud your Dye eA end 1p doy ugy eno eyd rut oyo as dox ueSu 48, “dox upsu aba your QU BUH Buop Buory doy ugy oye Buon wey YUN ymb yur Bl OT ody Doyy 98 29 --T 0071 91% 6 yf SNH dJIHON 9UGD BNOWL HON OHIO HILL yn O¥D 009 ups yd § £4 99 yd upkny apo oyo wor 1 19 19PUd, 9'S'TS WET “Aep mH Bs WOU Sugl apy gp (ag WEAN, Buon up) weyd AI Mp ayo END op YOR OBA DONUT ey TUE SueNP) Qf 999 390yy UI 9D ‘Aeox ugYD uaZ} “es TeOBN “eM ngry SuOTy Bug upyd YUL} ynb ry} (uM ohyD TRA Supoyy) OYE Spy? YORE 99 uy) upyd Byd 9gnmy Ay Myo 9¥9 tPA Nad UAANY op TOA top “ERK Any, ‘ups vyd %06 WEN AMP Yow) ayP 9 AeU fq PML (OST TH) rpodu es WpON BA Tey UD NEP WAP UPAnYD Ip as Bug] eyA Twos eX opty ea woo npp ery pa App STA ofin ofnp Ba Acox upKD BRO HUET ‘ea App iq ups ayyo upyd ‘Budp yoy HTM (aNYd/SueA oz BupOy toy ‘yueyu Sugnyy) sta oy Bp OY UPT IFYd Aeox UpYys BN Op 293 Sunqu ngryp Buno Senb ngp sta of ga Kx ugYD vO “aT aA JOUI 9 BuOI wag "Ugo Suep nEP 10u! ov “Any yUTY Avox UoYD 99 WES Iq 9m OF nyo “sta shay Bubp ure, AI fq agIH Fup ps Bugncy ‘oes a | WaT uy upyd vyd diy Bugnn Buon yqd ugdny Bugs upEd 9G -Bugp # ofoy Bugs oun dygd Suonyd Sugg wary aft 9énp yur 99 ‘wea pax Suop qULy pnd “UoY ovo Bu} gun 99 Bq Suep SuoN WH UEYT ‘eyd ognyy my nyo oy Op Bug wa Sug] wyd qu Up} ayo ueY gy Lec iq 29mm eno wep np ‘ex Bq OMA gp 4% YUIP QUI Suop chnp Ayu ues 990 “doy yor wea ops Surya wos} g op Aor guA 99 “er TRON, enyHd %92 PHAN 2 Khi phan riéng huyén phi bling qué trinh loc, sin phdm edn thu nhén c6 thé 1a dich ge, ba’ lot hay c4 djch Ipc lén ba Ioe. Néu san phém can thu nhén la ba Ipc thi cdc nha sn xudt nén chon phuong phép loc bé mat. Con néu san phém cdn thu nhén chi 1a dich loc thi chting ta ¢6 thé chon phudng phép loc bé mat hay Ige bé sau hose loc két hgp bé mat ln bé sdu. ‘Yeu edu cg ban cia véch ngin trong qué trinh loc 1a kha nang tach cde edu tit pha r&n trong huyén phi cang triét dé thi cang tot, ng thai trd lye cia n6 adi vdi pha ling cing thép sé cdng tot. ‘Ngoai ra, véch ngan phai tro voi cde edu ti trong huyén pho, béo | trong nhing diéu kign thye hign qué trinh loc va o6 kha nang tai sth dung. Trong nganh cong nghiép thye phdm, ngudi ta sit dung nhiéu Jogi vach ngan khée nhau: Dang hat: sit dung eat, 44 s6i, than hoat tinh... Dang tdm: ludi loc bang thép khéng ri, bang loc duge lam bang cotton hoae polymer téng hgp nhu nylon, polyvinylehloride, polypropylene.. Dang vat x6p: ceramic, thiy tinh... Dé lam gidm kich thude mao din cia véch ngan, trong mot sé trutng hgp ngudi ta sit dung thém bot trg lge. Trong cong nghiép thye phdm, b6t trg loe thong dung nhét la diatomite (cdn goi 1a kieselguhr). Thanh phén h6a hoe chinh cia bot diatomite 18 SiO, va mt s6 oxide kim loai khée. Goi P; va P, lén lugt 1a gid tri 4p sudt tit phia huyén phi va tit phia dich loc (xem H.2.1.6.1). Chénh léch 4p sudt & hai bén vach gin duge goi 1a dong luc cia qué trinh loc. AP =P, -P, Dé thye hién qué trinh loc, chting ta ¢6 thé chon mOt trong ba gidi phap sau: - a- Sit dung 4p sudt thiy tinh cia huyén phi trén vach ngin: trong trudng hgp nay, gid tri 4p sudt 6 hai bén vach ngin 1d bing nhau va bing voi 4p sudt khf quyén. Vch ngin e6 bé mit host dong duge dit song song véi'mat dat, phan huyén phi nim trén véch ngtin sé tgo nén mot gid tri 4p sudt thiy tinh, nhd dé ma pha long sé di qua vach ngan theo huong ty tren xuding va tgo nén dich loe. GAC QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 93 b. Sir dung bom hoe may nén 4é dua huyén phi dén véch ngin: qué trinh nay duge goi 1a loc ap suat. ¢- Sit dung bom chan khong 8 hat dich Ioe: qué trinh nay duge g9i 18 loge chan khéng. Gid st ba loc khong bi nén ép trong suét qué trinh loc. Khi d6 tré lye cla dong chay qua véch ngin duge tinh bdi cong the: R- wa # +) a trong d6: R - tré lye oda dong chay qua véch ngéin (m) 1. - 46 nhét cia pha long (Nsm*) r - trd luc riéng cia ba loc (m*) V - thé tich dich Igc (m*) . Y. - thé tich phan ba loc 6 trong huyén phi can phan riéng (m’) A- dién tich bé mat loc cia véch ngan (m*) L - dé day cia vach ngiin va Iép ba loc (m). ‘Trong trug hop tée 46 loc khong a6i, te 49 dong chy qua vaéch ngan duge tinh theo e®ng thie sau: EWN, | pel ay O="s7aP "AAP trong d6: Q - tée d6 chy ciia dich loc (m/s); Q x AP - 46 chénh Iéch dp suat 6 hai bén vach ngin (Pa) t- thai gian loc (s). Phuong trinh (2) duge ding dé xée dinh mic d@ thay déi AP trong qué trinh Ie 4é t6e 46 loc 1a mot hing si ‘Trong trutng hgp 4p sudt loc thay déi, téc d dong chay qua vach ngan sé gidm dan do trd luc ba loc tang d4n. Phuong trinh (2) duge viét lgi nhu sau (AP = const): tA wrViV wl @ Vo 2aP.A* AP“apy USHE ner Buoy ea yueyL 96 YERY EON SuARIy UNEYd ofyE ‘apnx Ups eyU ovo ‘Agu ap Uva gy ueY ag “UPI IPUd as QU Upkny, ops wgryu iq apnx ups Buen you my 4A quIS 1A op oo Ay UPKN Buoxy Uys go 4BA YUE 1A Sy HR Tep 09g NUM UPAnY 96] WEIS 19M) MON “20q YUIS Top uarq Bunyu vx ys Buoys 96] qu pnb -2dy yung - “We pA Iq 4H 99 261 yplp Saox4 mur ypyo doy ovo nyu toy Aeq gp ma nyo 9s sour ‘wary Any 26] YUL pab Sos eyd ugényp fis ex yx Suoyy Suny; Suouy, “UPL ea Buoy eyd rey Bug ugyd as nyd ugdny 96; yu Bnb :47 DoF - your 964 Boy apy dy gs ur et of ea ney 19a 994 Buom a¥oy top UaId fq PUT 99 NBT WaAnBU Bua nyo ovo tH TUD| Buoy 19a on dan ugpY ng Suory o¥oy ovo op rT 9 96] Yu pnb udry ofyy wy Sunyo ngu ‘woryu Any, “nyd ugdny Zuo 264 BOY Top upIq Bunqu ex S~8 Buoys 96, yuUG pb :96y DoF - “Buon op Bud 4 nyu ngp coq nyd ugdny [pa os Ipp Aeyy gs 26] Yip BDO f] 1FA NEN IYO 9s IW “26 Bq BA 96] YDip OBA ny as By Supyp ‘nyd upAny 96] KPH “6 ABA ~ non ueéniu ono 19p u9q 990 “6 wrens ma pad ups os 20ur ‘38a oft pp “ey Boy oud yo ea |x ‘UEAxeporeur ‘(asonpem “esoonys) Sugnp reo, op ypMx ‘ups ‘dnuds ‘gyo wyd Suep Sugn apy “pnb nex spnu ‘(“uour wey 4PIy Wei pn ‘Buea nénz ‘wiq) wut ual upYd us ovo yynx ups BuON Burp AS sOnp Sugnyy 96, quLR yb ‘uMpyE ohm dorysu Bug Buoxy, “wa Wey EL 26] qUEY gab wp duBu Bug. yorp ofur ‘Ayu doy Bugnay Suory, -upyd ups wD Buon Op ‘wart Teo ‘UBS oq Teo] vy Sunyo dovd od] YUL yng “deur op sey 9 wt ugIp ax 3uy yuE pnb op yur uaIq iq BP UIopoad eI AYO ZEA 99 09% apy day Sunqu e og Buny of wo 2 36ur epyp ug uyA Buea nénu ‘na Sue) quuy gnb nes ‘Buea npnx ypnx ups derysu Bugs Bu033 “Ap 3A “warts UROY FT @yBU Bug Yop ofur go ugu uApYd Uys SuAAT aE NET Fy os your aaTER rp dow 96, yuEy pnb -ugrys woop - “SPUR FeCpy BT 26] qUEH pnb wno gus Sug wpyp shar ‘gu doy Supnxy Suoxy, “wour urge roy] YUIS op weyE ny BA Bug] eyd oq Yow) wi Sungo drs as oof que yng “nyd ugdny Buép 9 Sug] Sugnay yueo 19ur Mn my as wy Bunyo uoUr wet YT yNb Mes “TH Yupq wou WPT Tou YUYs ypnx Uys gyBu Bago ZuoN “Hp JA %6 WYHd OfHL a3IHON 9499 SNOW SHON ONOO HNL yO D¥O amp rexp{ BI Sysu Bug9 Yosp ofur go 26] YUE pnb ‘Apu WIgIP wENb oaxy, -mgp teq doy ugy Suom apy déy ope oq YOM rou Suop “wyyd UBS uaT o& 9p 29TH uy 9 nyo Sunyu rey ne ‘qyd uadny Bugue weyd yoIp onur gq 06] yu pnb “unpyd of dgrysu Suge Buoxy -opys mry - ‘uday optys 30 wiyd pa gysu Bugs yorp on TZ “9q Buon URL ap Sug wyd Buo3y wey wey apyO 99D Toss WO “Bq Yoes UIE Gosp ota “| ugar eq en yous pnb wp 96] eq BI UeYE MIR Uy WIRY ES NaL UED 19q S107} Te] 398 UD Bug Yip wey BA Te BOY 3eY Ov NUR UE gp W106] Bq BDZ 96r6 26] UOip eT TENE Nyy Uy wIPGd UPS MAN “96| BO ear qu pnb wary of UB eF TenBU ‘dy Bugnsy os yur Buor, i “eq ep9 u9U Op -S Rg OTXTOT BL ans dy YogT YuaHP ss YA eq BHO Bug aH] QI ~ 9p Bua ® sv) a= 199 e3 ‘26] 3pns de o9ty 19p 4 som: vq ogo Suet oft o2s ops ‘dp woe tq 06] vq diy Sugnn Suoay (e) uur Buonyd ooy WA oy ¥ 7 A vin. gid dy upnb row ugrp p19 ya OG FOS WU vupSu yopa eA Bq BNO AEP NerYD ‘D0T Bq : av ave opp Suge oF] 923 oAMp Yui o¥x aq 99 wy Suny "Ty ‘ve eA qn ¥ agp Op OBA AC “Op BO} 293 End rp Buoy BupUr Bugnp yur Bl 7 RA va ‘em gy enb tour arp notq fq oP ‘(e) YUL Buonyd oayy, Hyd96 PHAN 2 = Héa sinh: qué trinh loc khong xay ra nhing bién 4éi héa sinh trong nguyén ligu. 4. Cée yu t6 anh huong Céc yéu t6 anh huéng dén qué trinh loc 6 thé duge chia thanh ba nhém lién quan dén tinh chat eda vach ngan, tinh chat cla huyén pha va digu kign thye hign qué trinh, Tink chdt ca véch ngan Hai tinh chat quan trong cia véch ngin trong qué trinh loc >huyén ph 1a kha nang gidt pha rén va kh nang cho pha léng khuéch ‘tan qua vach ngan. ~ Kha nang gidt pha rin duge xe dinh béi ty 16 phan tram lugng pha rén bj gitf lai trén vach ngéin so véi téng lugng pha rén o6 trong huyén pha ban d4u. Gid tri nay néi lén higu qua eda qué trinh phan riéng béi v4ch ngan. Kha nang gitt pha rén cla vach ngan cing cao thi higu qua phan riéng eta qué trinh loc s8 cang cao, - Kha nang khuéch t4n eda pha léng qua véch ngin duge xée inh béi t&e a dong dich loc. Gi tri nay giép cho chiing ta dy dodn thai gian thye hién qué trinh loc. Cn Iu § 1a kha nang git pha rén va kha nang khuéch tan eiia pha léng qua véch ngan c6 lién hé véi nhau. Céc tinh chét nay phy ‘thude vao ban chat héa hoc va edu tric hinh hoc eiia vach ngan. Tay theo timg trudng hyp cy thé ma cée nha san xudt cdn Iya chon vat ngin phi hyp dé thye hién qué trinh phan riéng. Tinh chét cia huyén phat ~ Pha phan tén: ty 1é phn tram khdi lugng cia pha phan tan trong huyén phi va eéc tinh chat ea pha phan tén nhu kich thui6c, hinh dang, khé nding chju nén... sé anh hung dén téc dé loc va do phan riéng. Trong qué trinh loc, ba loc s8 duge hinh thanh tir pha rn eda huyén pha. Ngudi ta chia ba loc thanh hai nhém: khéng bi nén ép va bi nén ép. Tré lye va Iugng pha léng cdn sét trong hai logi ba nay sé thay déi theo nhitng quy luét khéc nhau. - Pha lién tye: thanh phan dinh tinh va dinh lugng ede eu tit 6 trong pha lién tye, gid tri pH, 4} nhét... 68 anh hudng dén te 9 lee va do phan riéng. CAC QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 7 Dibu kign Ige - Ap suit loc: nhu da dé cp & phan trén, dong lye cia qua trinh Ige la sy chénh Iéch 4p sudt 4 hai bén bé mat eda vach ngin. Chénh lech 4p suat nay cang In thi t6c 49 loc 88 tang theo. ‘Trong qué trinh loc, vige hinh thanh Iép ba loc s8 lam taing tré lye cho qué trink va t&c dd Ipc 8 gidm dan. Dé tang tdc 6 loe, cée aha sén xudt thutng ting d6 chénh Iéch 4p sudt ¢ hai bén bé mat véch ngn, te tang dp lye bom huyén phd (trudng hgp loc 4p luc) hole tgo 4p sudt chan khong sau hon tir phia dich loc (truéng hgp loc chén khéng). Tuy nhién, edn chi ¥ 1a néu ba loc thude'dang bi nén\ép thi vige tang 4p lye bom huyén phi 6 thé 1am cho eée mao dn trong ba bj gidm kich thude. Két qué 1a trong khodng thi gian dau tang 4p sudt thi t6e do loc sé tang lén, nhung sau d6, tée dé loc bi cham lai. Ngoai ra, viée ting 4p lye bom huyén pha qué 1én hode tao chan khong qué sau tix phia dich loc 6 thé lam tén thuong edu tric cia mot 86 véch ngén. = Nhiét dO loc: nhiét d6 s@ anh hudng dén do nhét eiia pha ling trong huyén phi. Khi tang nhiét 49, dd nhét gidm, kha nang khudch tan cia cde edu ti trong pha long sé gia ting nén t6e do loc cing tang theo. Tuy nhién, néu sit dung nhiét 46 cao thi sé lam tang chi phi n&ing lugng cho qué trinh loc. Ngoai ra, nhiét 49 cao cdn lam tén that cdc edfu tit m&n cdm voi nhiét 06 trong thye phdm, déng thai e6 | thé xay ra mot sO phan cing héa hoc khong mong mudn trong huyén pha, Trong cdng nghiép thye phdm, tay thude vao bin chat cla nguyén ligu ma ede nha sdn xudt sé Iya chon nhigt 49 loc thich hgp. Vi dy nhut trong sin xudt bia, sau qué trinh ndu djch nha, ngudi ta thye hign qué trinh loc # nhiét do 76-78°C dé téch bd ba malt. Con sau qué trinh lén men phy, ngudi ta tin hanh loc bia & 2-4°C nhim mye dich tach bé c&n men va eéc tap chat lo ling dang keo. 5. Thiét bi ‘Trong céng nghigp thye phém, qué trinh Ige 06 thé duye thye P hign trén ede thiét bj hoat dong gidn doan hod lién tue, Déi véi cde thiét bi hogt dong gidn dogn, qué trinh loc thutng gdm ndm giai oan: chutin bi huyén pha, Ioe huyén phi, rita ba, théo ba, vé sinh ‘hiét bi dé chudn bj cho mé sdn xu ti6p theo.6] Yokp TEP YUEH BI Buoy Uaq ey “URBE YDRA doy your NYA 9Anp op 918 reoB ueq ERG “Tony Bugg op ¥ie Buys ay rou 99 06] wIP YORK “URN TENE Wop 49M 394 (G) 267 BI 99> BT Iq J9KA eNO YUIYO LEU Og ei te “Bupp fay wary Sep 26] iq yam aur ne to HOTZ YUE “Buesu uyU ogoq Supp fay qury Buep 99 Ig samy :24) mp Surip ws dp 26) 19 rat ; “26 gut 1ou opnay iq aarp des dyy ea yUrs 9a “Bq ORY 9814 B40} Sugp ov neqU uot et fq ern exo Yury wig oényNY “upT BuoUy iq sem Mm NED IEE Fp “ups aop Yury mba quEy And yy do 26] iq rom eNO wIgIp nQ. “cnpryp one a¥oy 967 YUE gb AH NEFyP Yom Woy AUR BH 99 Bq ERX YUL Prd “Eq ERI YUEY UN BA 96] YUL ynb Bunp upo vy Sunyo ‘eq App enyo Sunyy ovo TES . “Eq a9mup reogu wa Apyp 191 20] Yip opty Sugnp 94 Sunn dé 9p Buvq wax YueT oF oot BA URI yopa enb rp 9s Sug] eyd weg ‘uRsu YEA tq Sumyy Suosy Te m8 iq 9s upt eqd ‘op ry “Suny oyo Suoxy ugq oga toyd uEYd oAnp vA iq we oes mod oAnp Yd UPN} “Yuip uy cdnp 96] yyns dy oYD MB ap Budy uenb ex ef Supq Sungy oy s#yo do ogta ‘96, YUL pb Suoxy, (sso4d sonny) d2 90) 19 BML ENTS YT 20) wala bumpy ‘Wyld O7HL d31H9N 8NOO ONOUL HON ONOD HLL ynD a¥O vex 96] ypip opus Sugnp ga ops nud tedny Uyp Sugnp uau yURTT qury 9s dugg ya Sunqy eno 098 ugg rey Bugn gI oo THR MEqu TPA Traps Buyq eA Sunyy ope do yy “op ys Buoy oy Ua] Sup eA BuNGy ayo ay wox dax 9s op nes ‘Bupq your eno yur gq Tey Ue] URAU FGA UTE} my EP 98 Brenda “won npg “Bunypy BA UPA EMO Uap 39H EX dex wOIP 29M Toa wip) Bubp 99 do 061 fq ygTH7 Buom Bump ys URBL YOKA ‘96 WDIP UEP YaEs 4 ago wpa 96) Hur gq weU of SueU any go 96] SupQ UQD “OKA NYC UBANY ‘woq 9p Ju BI BA 96] Bq ERY SuRE apyD go Sanya “Buona yUTY WHIP yg wa Supq ea Sungy et yuryo ubyd oq Tey go wes fa AAIEL “Ay nD oaMy weTY AYA SNP Bs 26] 4 eq opus a6ta uerqu Any “wers romp Supom your Suoxy oy wANT mane OAK 4 axa 90 tq a9tM TOM BI 96] ypip oD eA iq aeKIA ORS NU UgANY dou | ditq ‘ubop ys obra urel fq apts <(esoud sorry) 19 961 19 12RAL apns dp 06] 39 1284, “9 -96] que pnb wy Bugp 74 GA BOY 1918 09 94} 99 BL tig gnx ups Buoy YU Snp yens dy aye 96] 1q 49IN7 BUMP ps og END pp np “Buqys weg yoTN yn oy ay Bubp wrET 96] gu BuOH Sugl 4} wip upd ovo ngryp BA uBBE yoRA UTE yeu eq BugP e} IenBu “Kew dyyd Suonyd Suoxy, “198 om ven erg Syur eqU neryu rin ua gud mga Ae wory ey Yip NEE YL} yob nes yeu Bq YOR? gp (UNF ZoANET) 26 19u Sump ns 991A “Iq 4~Nx Ups Zuo yeur eq YORI PP EU YO!P 26] soy ‘gy Bugs wx TEU TH] 99M Sfx ENb BP TRY IpMU 96] “IEMX ngs oyo ta ofiyd ap aya Sugo opmer 26] nyu doy Sugnay rea sour BuO Bunp ps ofnp yp Seu wary YON Louy ayn dy aye 96] iq aorus “MEET aiup dary Bugo Buory, “26[ yu pnb Suox 2udny Suge syd wp up 3g BA UR BBA gp ‘UPLB upp of nyo gf fq 39THA BNO Buds TEN wy Tip “Yep 093 96] Weis town op SuAp ns odnp ay eu Buep fq yer, yuna Says syns dp gy 007 19 12t4L Buoy ueyS 25, fg satus ea apne dy 96] fq aaRE ‘YER Aon ypns.de equ Bubp aBoy ady iq aarmy swoyU eq YERUI eTYD dAMP 267 iq yaTyI OVO “UWBU 4eA WUT 94 oq FEY P IPMS dy YDeT TuEGD As es ob dyyd BuoMyd oA wi eNYH 96100 PHAN 2 ‘Ngudi ta sé gin céc dia loc lén dng hinh try (4) dé tgo thanh hé thong kénh thdo dich loc. ‘Nguyén téc hoat dong cia thiét bi nh sau: déu tién, bom huyén pha vao thiét bi. Céc edu ti pha rén sé bj gitt lai trén bé mat vach ngiin ciia cée dia loc. Riéng pha léng sé chui qua vach ngan dé di vao kénh din én trong dia loc réi chy tép trung vé Ong thu h6i (4) 4¢ thost ra ngoai. Trong qué trinh hoat déng, dng thu héi (4) va ede dia lge €6 thé xoay duge nhd dong eg (5). Theo thai gian sit dung, cae cau tit pha réin sé bém day bé mat véch ngin trén dia loc. Bé vé sinh dia loge, ngudi ta sé lén lugt théo than try (2), sau dé théo ede dia ra khdi ‘ng hinh try (4). ; bili Leaf a i ‘ tall ‘ wlll ; polite i { {ba 5 ca s 1- Gila quan sat; 2- Than thiét bi; 3- Dia gc; 4- Ong trung tam dé thu héi dich loc ‘5: Déng od; 6- B6 truyén dong: 7-khdp true Hinh 2.1.6.4 Thiét bi loc ép sit dung dia loc Thiét bi loc ép sit dung cpt loc: thidt bi c6 dang binh try ding (1.2.1.6.5). B6 phan chinh ora thiét bj 1A fe oft loc hinh try (2). Mi Ot loc c6 mét gid 46 hinh Ong duge lai’ bing thép khong ri va duc 16 CAC QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUG PHAM 101 trén than. Phia bén ngoai gid do duge pha mot lép vat ligu loc, con phia bén trong la kénh dan dich loc. Cée edt loc duge gin trén tam 46 (1). Tam d@ (1) chia thiét bj thanh hai khoang: Khoang trén dé chita huyén phi va Khoang duéi dé chifa dich Igc. Cita (8) 1a noi dé ‘bam buyén phi vao thiét bi. Cita (4) 1A noi théo dich loc. Nap day (6) duge gin trén than (6) c6 thé théo rap duoc. 4. Tm 46 cOt lee; 2- C8t le; 3- Cla nap nguyen teu 4- Cia thdo dich ge; 5+ Than thiét bk: 6- Nap day Hinh 2.1.6.5. Thiét bi loc ép sit dung c6t loc ‘Trong qué trinh hogt dong, ngudi ta s8 bom huyén phi vao thiét bj qua cita 6 (8). Céc cu tit pha rén sé bj gid lai trén bé mat nhing c6t loc (2). Pha long sé chui qua vich ngan trén bé mat ede o6t loc (2) va theo kénh din dé i xudng khoang phia bén dudi réi thodt ra ngo&i thiét bj theo ca (4). Dé vé sinh cdc cbt loc, ngudi ta sé thao nap (6) ra khéi than hinh tru (6), réi tach c@t Ige ra khéi t4m 43 (1). ¢- Thiét bi loc chan khong ‘ign nay co nhiéu dang thiét bj loc chan khong. Trong quyén séch nay, ching t6i sé gidi thiéu hai dang thiét bi thong dung.“ug upyd 9 4eq quia ep 107 Sanyo yur Aenb Suny Sup Suoyy ‘upyp 96] iq 39Ty eH Sf UgAnSu YU My ZuoMy Zugp oy as wIP 1gUE ‘26y yur pnb Suoxy, 06] yoip yvoy3 ap uryy Sunn Sug ta tou uyp Suan 99 nap Savoy rgur ya Sueouy nary quEYT wry oANp Sun eI Buon ugg “Suet Bq oFYS UBYd Oq 99 Nep EIP To} “eIP YuENb Sunx reosu weq doy your quer yd sénp uRBu YoRA he Buwsu urge ofsy Yuen’ Sune vox gy 99 Ip OVD “BuvBu wYU ony you UAN UES EA SuNP Supy Buonyd oat; Suos 3uos dex ofnp 06} wip ovo eT iq aarp eno yuryD Ubud oa om wer dyyd Suonyd oom uep yWoy fq rar BI SUN AEE kon nip Bubp Fugyy woyo 967 19 19UL L9'T'S YT dy] uednBu dou epg -9 196) ups ney veknBu BpUD 9a -S 089 080 -p 1901 810 -€ :901 YolP YOM 9NT -2 "ABOX LEA -4 © z (amy 9s1p wmnnona Kajoy) konb orp Bubp Sugyy wpyo 26] 49 MLL, “6 Buna rey Sup yoy o& cep Sugy) oy QU URsT OPA TOU oq OPA Dénp RA Hd Suna Tey wR oénp 96] BE “URE YopA eer aq wen PEL upg iq as ay URAnY UND UE EEC My NYO o%D “TeOHL Bx 4POUR gp UTI Suny Sug oo yp rox Sunyy Buoy ueq ova Avy 9p wEBU Yopa wnb any aénp 961 yolp wey oD UTE Qs SuOUT wEND of dy ‘aud uginy 9q Buon Aenb 96] Sunyy THY “BuoUy UEYD wOG QUT Bl ea 083 26np 96, UE pnb eno aT Bud “g'g'T'Z YUTY wer} nyu Buna g TURE BIYS Shnp 96] BuRYA UNO ofA 1pA 993 Sugna SueBu ay Fey er Wyle AHL d3IHON OND ONOLL JHON 9NOD HALL yO ayo “quip 99 ngs Op sour p nud ugdny enyo gq Suox weq yep bp 6] SUNY, ‘90] yolp UEP eA Bugqyy upyS 3ny Bug Sugnp Sugy; gy 7OUI UU oO} Qs UIP} BUN 3 BA Ugp Sug o¥9 “Kenb Suny} eno of.y Tey wry} Sunn Sug toa rou yp Sugnp oo uvdu row “319 Sug uedu naryU yuEUD eIYD 9énp Sung Suor} ua “UYd UgANY ToYy EI OYU PMY YOHT 99 y¥Yo dey ovo Yow? gp uv yowa dol eno rou yeu aq wet 961 6x 30q doy 3Our wey nud 9y2 99 ¥3 ren “uBsU YoRA doy your nYd oAnp reOBu Wwur oq EA o} ofp oo Suny} ue) uary ‘Suesu weU Ay Yury Suep 26] Suny, Aonb Sunyy Subp Bugyy upyo 26] iq 1212 ono Bugp yoy opi uaknSN 9'9Ts YUL ‘901 18u 9q quis tei Bun -8 tea obo BunA -% 1eq Ru BUDA" 2 UBL BA | UBL Ba OF! WE BUDA -*9 en% 106) BUNA Te MUN wos Ayq YoU ofnp tq 39M eno Sugp yoy op} UgAnBN “omy ugT Sugp yoy fq r—THI eI APE (com umnnana wmsp Keojoy) konb Burra Bip Fugryy wpyo 964 19 BIL, Ny zo104 PHAN 2 2.1.7 PHAN RIENG BAN MEMBRANE 1- Co sé khoa hoe Phan riéng bing membrane 1a qué trinh téch cfc cfu tik 06 phan tit lugng khéc nhau nhung cing hoa tan trong m@t pha léng hoge tach ede edu tif rn 6 kich thude rat nhé ra khéi pha léng hoae pha kh ‘Trong quyén sdch nay, ching t6i chi dé cp dén nhiing nguyén ligu cdn phan riéng 4 dang léng. Khi ta bom dung djch nguyén ligu vao thiét bi. membrane, mét s6 edu tit c6 phan tir luyng nho sé di qua membrane, edn ede edu tit e6 phan tit lugng I6n sé bi gitt lai trén bé mat membrane. Qué trinh phan riéng bing membrane sé cho ta hai dong san phat ~ Dong sn ph4m di qua membrane duge goi la permeate = Dong san phém khong qua membrane duige goi la retentate. Nauyén tigu [> Retentato Membrane LL Permoate Bom Hinh 2.1.7.1 Phan riéng bing phuong phap sit dung membrane Nhu vay, qué trinh phan riéng bing membrane c6 mt si diém ‘tuong tt nhut qué trinh oe, trong dé membrane déng vai trd 1a vach ngiin dé phan riéng ede efiu tit. Dong lye eda qué trinh phan riéng la su chénh léch Ap sudt & hai bén bé mat da membrane va sit chénh ech dp sudt nay duye tgo ra 1a nha hogt dong cia bom dé dua nguyén ligu vao thiét bi phan riéng, Diéin khée biét cdn liu § 1a cée mao dn trén membrane c6 kich thue r&t nhd so v6i trén véch ngin trong ac QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 105 qué trinh loc va thiét bi phan riéng bang membrane luon hoat dong trong diéu kién kin duéi mot 4p Ie nhat din. Hign nay qué trinh phan riéng bing membrane duge tng dung rong rai trong ede nganh cong nghé thye phém, cdng nghé sinh hoc, cong nghé héa hoe, xit 1¥ méi tring, phan tich dinh tinh va dinh lugng... Nhiing qué trinh phan riéng bing membrane thuéng g&p trong céng nghé thye phdm gém cé vi loc (Microfiltration MF), siéu loc (Ultrafiltration UF), lec nano (Nanofiltration NF) va thém théu nguge (Reversed osmosis RO). Hinh 2.1.7.2 gidi thigu kha nang phan riéng cdc nhém edu tit véi kich thuée va phan ti long khée nhau cia 4 qué trinh néi trén, Cae oft to Kang Vile (MF) Siu loc (UF) r=, Lge nano (NF) Thém thu nguge (RO) -Hinh 2.1.7.2. Kha nang phén riéng ctia cde qué trinh vi lge, siéu loc, Ie nano va thém théu nguge ‘Membrane vi loc véi duéng kinh mao dn 0,01-2um sé gitt lai ce edu tit Io King 6 kich thuée rét nhé nhw ede té bao vi sinh vét. Con ede edu tit hda tan trong dung dich nguyén ligu s8 di qua duge mang vi loe. Membrane siéu loc sé gidt lai cée dai phan tit hda tan voi phan tif lugng thuding dao dong trong khong 2.000-800.000 Da (vi du: mOt s6 protein, dextrin... Riéng membrane trong qué trinh loc nano 88 tach duge cde phén tit véi phan tit lugng nim trong khodng 300- 1000 Da. Cudi cing, membrane thm thu nguge sé gitt lai ede hop chat hda tan trong dung dich, cde phén tir nude 6 thé di qua membrane thém théu nguge.1 “woy 393 wary oF amp apnx UBS YUE Anb Buoy cow don WuUs ynb ovo oy S13 oY ap nay UasnBU S| Nx YON ofus 99 ouBsquisu Suyq Sagu upgd YUL pnb ‘doy Suenn os your Fuoy cig upnyg - ‘Udsty anys 1a webyd pa gySu Suga yop ony -g | Buen upyd uyo ngy uednBu ngUx S407 99 94 ngo oF2 £4 ouesquiou eny8 oF} Supm 1p nad urey ofoy ouesquiow who eur aq Buns My my nyo ovo hyd dey rei gp ouesquou: ys ga deyd Suonyd 98 Jou 3uhp ns vy rendu ‘Burnos udm udry ofyd ORE aq “oyeoued Bugp eno Buon roy wy ure, Suno Apu Subm udryy “otiesquiow ooo sou vod upud ymELA 299 tos 9p} Suom ofoy suErquioM ayn 94 wor hyd dey noq uedndu pur Buon m Apo 9s yu: op auesquiOM ‘MEP oer uaYsu op; Buém werq eB Agp :Burmoy Susmy usr - 4g ouexquiau wnb 2A dy in p18 Buy) v13 ofoy ousrquiow eno Su9p Woy your 9q was Bud werB Suouy Supoqy Buon nyur ugar enuy AS udTY ony) Uy ayn ups eyu ovo “op Sug Bunny dey Sudm udry ay wey aq -eWwoulIed Sugp Sunt nny ung urey gyi 99 seu Sud wo ‘nEp ueq ngy uodn8u nyu Buox3 194 os uoy ovo 9s oumiquiour Hut 9q Suna thy m | ny Op Buon ‘ouezquiow vps Buop 1804 yur aq Buna ues Sunn déy 29 twud as nor UadnBu nyur Suor, py NYO Os 3Our BuAMy LOY BL ep wonezreod uomesyusoucs) op Buu Huns doy Sidm uoryy - 2Aep nes Sudm wor, eye Ap Buon; suesquiow 2ugq Sup uyyd YUE pnb BuO, ousrquiour Bugq Bugis ueyd Wau pnb eno 94 uni vab nny ea iq a91A wp Suop soy ens SueT | BA ube AP e} Sunyo doyd oys op m ‘Sugi uyyd YUEN pnb eno wey FOU YUE op 09% ue] 19m auBaqwiour enb Sup Budny nny {59 BE) “ereounred Suep Buon ney upYA of de - Mg q no uosnu npur eno np WBE oft dy Ay oqvoutzed epqd ma ony dp - ¢y oupaqurou fq 39ry3 opa nyu enp of dp - 4g (a-a~Ca~ 40 =a snes nyt quip 9px ofnp ga Sugu woud TUE pr wpo oA Buop BL YUsYO (ig) euRquTOUE Unb af dy on Hyhd O7HL dHHOM 9NQD ONOUL SHON NGO HLL ynO YO “ouesquiout enb oy dy = tg (w) euvrquiew eno Budp yoy yeur aq YOR USIP - g euvsquiour Su0%3 Upp OvUE 9S - N nyu eno i9yu Op - A (Wi) Ugp ovr Tep neryD - xv (a) uyp ovur yup Bugnp - “p s (96) euvsquiowt eno yur 9q dox Gp - 2 (u,wyD euerqureur enb Suop Susny nny - p op Bu0z savee age? ns nyu quip xx aAnp aqwauzod Suqp Susny nny eA efpnestog-uoseH yUIY UL oom ‘BupM 4s dy Bugnay Buon -(eqvoutred Sugp) owesquiout vnb Sugp Bus] WN] - “0 = Wea Ans “8D = “5 Tuy AFUE Ow YyNS OPK 9a sueaquiow ofp enb 1p 942 99 ays ORE Mm NBO IY + “T= Wx hns “9 = 49 wy ‘oqeaussad Su0p oat euesquiour enb Ip guy Sug IS ORY Mm NEO TY + [r ‘0] Supowpy Buon Budp ovp x In vi UTE, 2p 99 089 Op srqu 9 Suatt ugyd quEN ynb EA “YuEU Ne mM yoy yolp 98a Suop ens nee wrozord ners nor U~dnsU ogo IpA top “ex TeONL “WMH UM iq ep nay Uednsu Zuo Supny my nyo Sunyu BA JerqU 19a wy) Ugur 3uonp YIP my nyo SuNyN “UpT es Noy UeANSU yey BIS ogra oyp Budnt Suge ryd ry tyy ceo Buy} Op Iq nau ‘ugrqU Any, Buy) iS 9s oqeourred Scop eno Suén nny BL Enb 394 “Op Bugu Sunn dey Busmy wery odnp ayo wey as OP TH “Buy eS 9s ngy| UgAnsu YDtp Sunp uo} Mm nyo oyo po Bugp upany As teu) Sugp ump as qu op “Op ietyU BuyI MPL OP FIN - Bugus upyd quis pnb ono sonys 64 98 Bugys 29D (2 ‘Sug ugyd yuLy pnb eno yoyp atiur oayy Any Nn 194 UEP owur qury Sugnp qutp 99x ap weTyau aft dyyd Suonyd Bump ps reyd 1) Sunyp Supp Suouy, Suge upd wyo m9 nyo woyU Bum oy doy nud ‘ugp ovur Gury Sugnp ipa ouerquiou wey why Ug wrx ys UU oy ‘EA AUN “A¥p 9 FEL 36y iq "A UYp ovUT oY Bor We CEA UY? YogNyy SUE ap 9s Bungo Ty} ngH deyu Sugp 3x07 Mm Ngo RD opMyy YoY UDY Up] UEP ceur YUP] Bugnp 19 euBsquIeur UdYD vy ZuNYyO ngu “Te SANE “Te o9y gs Sugu upyd werd toy} ‘deus yer es eqeoutred Sugp BuAn] MA KH Ne deyu Suep Buoy 99 m4 neo ovo SpMYA YORI 19a os QYU nb U_P owUT YUPL Bugnp ipa euesquieur udyo wy Suny ngu :upp oom Yury Zugng - Suge upyd iq agit eno Bud 3woy ens Sugu uy roy; Bugp eywautred Sugp op o94 urprs ure as Agu usm ‘UME “9U3 QUs suesquiaut yu gq oF0 ug, Hyd dey iq gp “wrozo1d nyu Ap 14 ‘ng dequ Sugp Buoy ody woy yy doy os OW “94s OUT “mol Tor key Sugyd pup oo euerquow wpo eur gq YUE yyMx UES dpyd Buonyd. ga nor 38a TeOT oom Aur caunuquiew rou gq on9 NPD - “oqeqooe so[nT}eo BI YUTY ZIP ‘spn en ney 38a Bupgu % wR cinp euesquau woyu Zunp Zugnyy wyyd onyy yen Uys EYL ayo ‘91 via Suosy, -uaysu 9 Ay ouesquIOW IpA oy; BuOM 9s SuQU ‘upyd uyo yoip Sump Suoxy opnu Ay ugyd queyy ogo ty} Sonu Ay Ng 784 RY wR] dANP euBrquieU Suhp ns vy Suny ngN ‘opnu eT Yow Bun {94 wpip Zunp Sunyu Sug apyd Zugnyy wy Suny ‘upYd onyy dorysu Sugo yupu Buor], ‘opnu Ky RA opAU en :wOYU Tey YUE wIyD ofnp 2 99 oueaqurour we, Ng IBA To] oy -ounuquow dx FPA - aupsquiou ugp unnb u2q 94 126 292 (9 ny WyHd OAHL d3IHON 9NOO SNOWL SHON NOD HNL yD IYO ‘upy va Aex gp 9s ouesqurour woysu ops AS “op TE “h BuOp A Wap ga BOY Bun} gs UIsyord qa weYd ovo A Id Uy PE ow Id in yd ex ngqy ugkn3u yotp Bunp pd ina yi Udy Uy B} “UIeIOAd ENYO g nq wednBu 1p top Ayu Ap 34 “Burt weyd YUEN pub Buor nen ugéndu pip Sunp oy doy yor Hd ty ws quiyS ney eA UOYD EAT ‘uo qgnx us EUU op9 ‘op og “NEy deyu Suop Suoxy m nyo gs your UND A wpyd AS BA WON YON As Uap BupMy yuy es Hd ts vB Hd - “doy nud 964 Boy IPP eG I9A ouEsquONE uoyo uo e} Suny yur ney ugdn8u eno o6y voy UpYd HEU cou 4c ‘tazy Tou ap UBA BuNqu gxyp uby gq “Suynoy Suara vdry wou 498 es ouesquiow ta 993 2uom as ndy deyu Suep Buon prdy| upYd que? (yA cone Ay Noy IGA SuRQ ure] ouRTquoW Bump ys er Bunyo aN “opnu XY yu 99 ypyo doy eT Prdi| nyu okoH] “oywewsed Buep END Suony nny ups urel op M4 ‘Burney Buom wery ueu L~s ya ouesqurou ‘eo opnu Ay onyo WON p> 1A oy Buom ay 99 BunYD “sonU Jy onyp woyu Bunyu BA WOIP YoR ony wo Suny enYD 99 964 BOY gpyp yOu Bl wimord nyu fp sq “ouerquiow Suyq Sua upyd yoL pnb up nequ spys Supny YuR SunYyU 99 gs NOT WednsE BuOIy 90 26q LOY apyp doy ovo :ndyy ugdndu ysip Bunp vpo ody voy upyd yunyy, - “pup way fq 28 Sup | owerquiour enb my nyo 20 Bro UF Yanqy AS op pT ‘ngIT Wedns Vo pqu op Buy, urey es ov ory By Op SugU eT £ NAT tYO OBUy eP TEA SON ‘ereautied Suop ero SupnL nny ups wel Sun op xy ‘euemquIoW ‘eno Sugp yeoy yeux gq wax Op Sugu Bunz dey Sumy udry vs ex WRT ap O80 oUp| IBY OP Sug go ngy ugdnSu rey ‘ex TRORN “IP UTES fq 95 oyeousad Suop Suny nny oy ure RU ngIG “wPIB 9s euEsquiOM anb off dy op op ‘up Sugo ndy ugdndu eo ney; wpyy apns dy ‘uy yi Typ ovo Suyo ndq] deyu Sugp Buoy oyy 4Zyo OP Bugu My Ca) euerquiow anb ony dy in yiB ugp Suony que op op “a) MM _weknBe wpe apy) wpy ans dy ix vis ugp Sugny Yup 9s NET wadndu Buoy oUy spy Op Bugu :ngy ugdndu yaip Bunp ono oyy IVY OP BuQN - Bugis upyd upo ndqy ugknSu uep uvnb ugiy 97 nas 299 (0 “Bug ugyd you pnb wary aAuy gp enc Sy os Buoys oy "A ourBrqureut ‘Sugix UEYd UES Ng] 2nyHd on112 PHAN 2 eda dong permeate. Cac nha sin xudt can xée dinh nhiét 49 téi uu cho qué trinh phan riéng bing phudng phép thyc nghiém. + Tée d6 dong nguyén lieu vao thiét bi phan riéng: khi dong nguyén ligu duge bom vao thiét bi membrane v6i t6c 46 cao thi sé xudt hign nhang dong chay roi trén b8 mat membrane. Két qua Ia sé han ché hign tugng t@p trung néng d9, lau lugng dong permeate s8 6n dinh trong ‘mot thoi gian dai va céc mao din cia membrane sé it bj t&e nghén, ~ Ap lute qua membrane (P): day chinh 1A dong lye cia qué trinh phan riéng bing membrane. Da vao cong thie tinh P,, ta thay dé ‘ting gid trj P, thi ching ta c6 thé tang ap Ive bom dung dich nguyén ligu Pp va gidm dp lye tir phia permeate P, trong thiét bj membrane. Ngoai céc yéu t8 ké trén, vige chon céfu hinh thiét bi cing s8 anh hung dén do phan riéng va thai gian phan riéng. 5 Thiet bi Hign nay c6 rat nhiéu dang thiét bj phan rigng bing membrane duge sit dung 6 quy mé céng nghiép. Trong quyén séch nay, ching toi sé gidi thigu mét s6 dang thiét bj phé bién nhét hién nay. M6 hinh éng (Tubular module) 1-L6ivao cba dong nguyen tidu; 2-L6ira cba ding retentate 3 L6l ra clia dong permaete; 4- Than thigtbi; 5- Membrane Hinh 2.1.7.3 Thiét bj phan rieng bing membrane - Mo hinh ong CAC QUA TRINH CONG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAN 113 ‘Thiét bi IA hai Sng hinh try déng trye bling thép khong ri, dung kinh khéc nhau va duge dat Iéng vao nhau. Ong hinh try bén trong 6 than duge dye 18. M6t membrane dang t&m duge.cuén tron. lgi dé tao thanh hinh dng va duge Jéng ép sat vao thanh bén trong cla Sng hinh try e6 du’ng kinh ahd. Khi hoat d§ng, dung dich nguyén liéu sé duge bom vao mét déu bén trong Sng hinh try duéng kinh nhé. Dong retentate sé thodt ra tai dau bén kia cia dng hinh try nay. Cdn dong permeate sé chui qua cde mao din cia membrane va thodt ra thanh bén ngoai cia éng hinh try nhé réi theo duéng din dé ra bén ngoai thiét bi. Dé tang dign tich bé mat phan riéng trong thiét bi, ngudi ta 6 thé ldp dat mot chim dng hinh tru dudng kinh nhé duge quan membrane bén trong than réi duye dat song song nhau va é bén trong. than cla mOt éng hinh try duéng kinh lén. Chiéu cao cia cdc ong hinh try c6 thé 1én dén 10m. Ngoai ra, ngudi ta cing ¢6 thé chia éng hinh try I6n thanh nhiéu khoang. Dung dich nguyén liéu sé duge bom vao ‘trong cdc khoang nay theo nguyén tc n6i tiép hoc song song nhau. Uu diém céa mé hinh nay la dé tao dong chay réi trong qué trinh van hanh nén 6 thé han ché duge hién tugng tap trung néng d6. Ngoai ra, viée vé sinh thiét bj va thay thé membrane kh4 don gidn va dé thye hién. Tuy nhién, thiét bi kha céng kénh va chiém nhiéu dién tich nha xuding. Ngoai ra, téc 46 dong nhap ligu khi di vao thiét bi s@ bi gidm dan néu chiéu cao iia thiét bj qua Idn. M6 hinh sgi (Hollow fiber module) 1+ L6l vio eda dong nguyén ligu; 2-L6ira oda déng retentate 8+ Léi ra cla déng permeate Hinh 2.1.7.4 Thiét bj phan riéng bang membrane - Mé hinh ogidox wep wiyy 30ur eT Uo| HUH Bugnp An upYT Buon yeu RA UU YUP Sugnp fix upyy reode aur tq Uey 1918 odnp wes Suoqy SupOyy “oqeoutsed Suop eno my ngo ovo Bunay da you BBA UREA WER QT ofp 26np OUT qUTy Bugnp fy YuLY BUQ “x Bugyy, doy Buyq 08} ay oAmp SunyD “nequ oRa Sugl 4p OMp BA EYL oy YURY Bugnp go Sunqu oy Sugp ty quyy rey wos iq IGT, pox udm uty opt ~ eumaquiaw Bugg Puays uoUd iq ety OL TS MET euesquen pes aeworou evwowieg (punom oxds) upox ugno wary on ‘Bug yuty ou nyu fy Baom upy’ yoy Bugnx eYyU YR ug wary Buns Agu quTY QUT oar Sng, “oun Som ap YuRy UeA YUL pb uo Suonyy up} iq opt suesqurou wary spud teu diy gp op Wy OW IpA Sun sywauLIEd wyYd ups opys UBA 30ur 48D APT gun 99 UF taNEN “iq 49TH EH ORG eA UTS Ga qua pnb Buoy ups uop ¥] Supq quTY QUE eno yEYU UPT WIgIP NA ‘oweoutred Sugp gu 084 1908u Br ay0q) 192 op wR eno dox on4y nyo Zuo weg OBA Tp 9p ouEIquIEM nb Myo 28 my nyo os yur ‘Sug yoy yu yb Busy, “iq yam yeoBU er su Wyld OPH. dIHBW NGO SNOKL ZHON BINGO HNL YO YO ayryuoyex Bugp Uy wy Suns yueH YU waU OB gp gl DAP 99 OP uD ago NED 79UL Q ‘Mey Buos Buos Supny oars fq a9 OKA ney WONG 1 oyp quey Bunge weu of gp Sugq Yury our Buon fa uop 2¥9 dex dys vy tony TeoSu teq vs Aenb ofnp nap suesquiew wyr Z vnO Budp jhou yom 9g “Op UIE) WEG Tey ays dy ouEIquioM ups Tey eA dox Net yee Buyq Ure] aénp op uP Ou 90 w9B Buyq YETI gu SuON ia UDP Tow “Seq yuTy ou eno dox dys yop ga AP sa 70Ur NTT WE SLTS YUH “neu opIpL YOR naTyU cay dax dys guy 99 Sugq yUtY CIN upg yury opt - sunsquow Supg Bugu uoyd iQ ML SLT WH nen ueAn6N ANNAN NANA aw ERS weg —__1__1 _1 1-1 1 nae (ompou 29mg) upg Yury OW dey ongd ea w9y uo 28 gu aun eu ‘pa wry aud o8ta typ Buon uy iq fq 39TH Buon ouErquroUr Ths yur go nyu nou ta nyd Bug PID| owequioUs tn ORG deta “uETTH Any “UNE uga yup pnb Suor Supny Suga wor 3 BA Sugne KYL YH WEL WET? as BL Sea yUIY uE eno warp np “dpy ayns dy Bump ps euexqurou Bugq Sugu upyd quUY yab oyo Buon Burp o6np tos TUT OW fun quyy iq yom TeoBu weq es yporp 19% eywourzod Bugp wou Ob 9p euEsquiON! Ibs oF uO wRUS UPUE ‘en muy 26 m1 MyD 05 10] ‘eveIUayor Btugp vp you QYP eI SuBIquION és oo eyo TST uoD ny wyyd ‘eryd su Ny oUEIqUIOU TOs 279 Buon weq OBA Weg odnp Ny UeAnBu Yip Bunp ‘Budp yoy YUL pnb Suoay, ‘op Bunn 90 Buoys Bunyo wa woy oy EP nar BA HURL SuANP go is yUTY QuI Buon suesquiew 15s oo B Su yur ou BA TOs HOR um emf 2814 oFIET W9IG “Ney IA Buos Buos dex oémp euRsquiou wis marque apr epys Fao weq ‘hy yay Seep 99 iq VTL zine pu116 PHAN 2 duge cugn lei theo hinh xolin dc. Tam dém nay duge lam bling vat ligu polypropylene. Hai bén tam dém 1A hai tém membrane véi bé mit hoat dong déu duge quay ra hung ngoai. Dung dich nguyén liéu 8 duge bom vao tai mdt dau than try va di chuyén doe theo than tru béi mgt kénh dan 06 tiét dién hinh xodn 6c. Dong retentate sé tap trung thoat ra d ddu kia cia thiét bj hinh try theo kénh din néi trén. Cée edu tt trong dong permeate sé chui qua mao din cia hai membrane dé di vao bén trong edu tric tm dém. Phan nay cling 06 tiét dign hinh xodn 6c va duge lién thong véi Ong hinh try dutng kinh nhé (xem H.2.1.7.6). Dong permeate sé tap trung vé éng hinh try dudng kinh nbé tai ving tryc ciia thiét bj réi thoat ra bén ngoai. Mo hinh cudn xodin thudng ¢6 gid thanh thép hon cde mé hink khée, Ngubi ta 06 thé chon ché dé chay réi hode chay dng tay theo tinh chat cia nguyén lieu edn phén riéng. ‘Trong qué trinh phan riéng bling membrane, ching ta c6 thé sit dyng mt hay nhiéu module dé xit ly. Cée module nay c6 thé két néi v6i nhau theo hinh thie n6i tiép ho&c song song. Trong sén xudt cng nghiép, qué trinh phan riéng bang membrane cé thé duge thye hién theo phuong phép gin doan hoac lién tue. Ngoai ra, ngudi ta c6 thé cho dong rententate hdi luu hoge khong héi luu vé thiét bi chta dung dich cdn phan riéng. 2.1.8 PHOI TRON 1- Co sé khoa hoe Tr@n 14 qué trinh lam cho hai hay nhiéu edu ti phan bé déng nhét trong kh6i nguyén ligu. Trong cong nghé thye phém, qué trinh ‘tron thuting duge phan ra thanh 3 trugng hgp: - Tron chat rén (dang vat ligu rai) ~ Tron chat ling (chat léng 06 do nhét thép, chat ling v6 do nhét cao, cdc chat gid déo...) - Tr@n chét rn vao mét chit long. Co sé If thuyét cia qué trink tron chét rén __ Dé phdi tron vat ligu rai, edn phai 66 néng-Iigng cung edip cho qué trink phéi tron vi phai o6 nang lugng thi cdc hat vat ligu roi méi Ac QUA TRINH COG NGHE TRONG CONG NGHIEP THUC PHAM 417 chuyén dong duge. Trong qué trinh tron ede nguyén ligu dang vat ligu 76i voi nhau, ¢6 ba eo ché chuyén dong cia ede hat vat ligu hién dién cing mét luc. D6 1A eo ché déi luu, Khuéch tén va trugt (shearing) ‘Tay vao loai thidt bi, s& e6 mot co ch€ ndo dé chiém uu thé. ‘Trong qué trinh tron chét rén, 6 déng nhdt “hoan toan” kh6 dat duge (thanh phén cia cée edu tk tai moi diém trong khéi vat ligu thung khong nhy nhau). Xét trugng hgp tron hai thanh phn ¢6 dang vat ligu rdi, tai thai diém bat dau qué trinh phéi tron, hai thanh phén nay tdn tai riéng biét véi nhau. Trong qué trinh tron, hai thanh phan nay dan phan bé Min vao nhau va ty 1¢ cia ting thanh phan tai ting diém trong khéi vat ligu sé din dat dén gid tri trung binh eda khéi vat ligu. D6 Iéch chudn cia néng d6 cdc edu tit trong khéi vat ligu thuding duge sit dung dé dénh gid mite do déng nhat cia khéi nguyén ligu trong qué trinh phéi tron. ° 1 ye a] Vi: Gm - dO léch chudn néng dé cia cau tit cin danh gid tai cdc vi tri khéc nhau trong khdi nguyén ligu n- s6 mau phan tich ¢- néng d6 eft tit cn dénh gid tai vi tri ldy mAu bat ky é - nbng dé trung binh cia efiu Ur ein dénh gid trong ton Khoi nguyén ligu. Dé léch chudn cang nhé thi do dong nhat cia khdi nguyén ligu s8 cng cao, Dya vao dé lgch chuén cia néng 49 cde edu tit trong khéi vat ligu, cde chi s6 phéi trén duge x4c dinh dé danh gid higu qua cia qué trinh phéi tron.updnyp gyo wey gyr 9D “UTR? AT OAT Op BI YOR} iq as (99 Nau) Bu9T YEYD Buon nud ugkny ayo oy WIE gur 99 WOH SUdp UgANYD “er TROSN “UOH foyd yury pnb ep gnb ngry wprs ure] eA Kvox Zugnp cay} Bug] WYP ‘oa any iq War aq va yy oy ure os Apox Susm Ud “mys Bue. as Apox wy} YuRyU Buy ueN udp upAnyD Bug] yy WuI eq van Apox Busi wary uary IpNx gus 99 ‘Buy; Sued wos} Budp upsnyD 997 UHA ‘ae] Bum Apmepy yuyO eno 203 UEA NaN “dem as uO YUU pNb enb nory ‘ofa quenb ux Budp ugdnyo BA quETR YUTY 2p as Sug] Yo doy ayo ‘op Te ‘Buys Avy UaHy neIp p as Bugl awuP “dvyr AvMU| Yuy 297 UHR nan “Agnyy yup wno ofy yUueNb ugsy Sup ugdnyo Supny nx 99 Sugy 35H MH upyd po ‘Keny| Bunu eNO uN Tey Uys oénp Kenya YUP naNT apqa quEYE Uo Youd YUL pnb ex ug Buna ey ep ‘Op op “seqU UD et Apne] quyo upS py ta rey Bug] yey 7 UpYd ORD eT Op 299 “ZugNyy Bugy “oe Bue we} AT BupMy oo? OP O91 BA Sunp Supyy Suonyd cay} Op 993 ngu ovo Bugs as udm Apnyy quLY Bb po pnb ner “Agnupy Yuya eno of. 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Qué trinh phéi tron sé dat higu qua cang cao khi cdc qué trinh trén dién ra cing manh. Tuy nhién, vi day 1a cdc loai nguyén ligu 6 tinh chdy kém, nén dé thy hién diéu 46 bat bude phai 6 chuyén dong tuong di gida toan khoi nguyén ligu véi cénh khudy. ‘ii v6i cde chit gid déo (pseudoplastic) nhu cde loai nuée sét, trong qo4 trinh Khuy, sé hinh thanh mt lép nguyén ligu méng xung quanh cénh khudy. Khi 46, toan bé khéi nguyén ligu sé khéng chuyén dng. ‘Te a9 Khudy cng nhanh, lp vat ligu 46 hinh thanh cng nhanh, . Cdn d6i véi qué trinh phéi tron cde chat léng dang dilatant véi bot (nhu trong san xuét chocolate), néu lugng bot khong phivhgp, o6 thé gay ra hign tang manh 49 nhét, gay ra hign tugng qué tai d6i v6i dong ca hoae gay true cénh khudy. Riéng d0i véi cée chét déo (viscoelastic), 4é dam bao sy phéi trgn duge thyc hién t6t thi cén phdi c6 hai qué trinh dién ra: qué trinh bao phi ln nhau gia e4c phan vat ligu phéi tron véi chua phéi trn va qué trinh trugt ota nguyén ligu. ‘Téc 49 cia qué trinh trOn cing duge x4e dinh béi cde thong 36 nhu khi dénh gid qué trinh phéi trdn hai chat rén vao nhau. 2 Myc dich cong nghé va pham vi thc hién Qué trinh phéi tron thudng 6 cée mye dich cdng nghé chinh sau: - Chudn bi: qué trinh ph6i tron duge 4p dung dé tron ede thanh phén nguyén ligu véi nhau 46 chudn bj diva vao quy trinh sdn xust. ‘Trong tat cd cdc quy trinh cOng nghé sin xugt ma nguyén liu bao gim nhiéu thanh phn khde nhau thi lo6n c6 qué trinh phéi tron ‘rude ki the hig cdc qué trinh ché bién. oiines qu woa3 rod iq a9143 oF reo] UeYd guy 99 ‘Keu WOH “BuAN] BuEU yeu ga enb ney opq urEp TeUd Uys rey Bugp ‘ug Aenyy YUL Nb Op Bugno ‘nyo nas ayns Suu “ngy wena yey quR eA Tho] SugyP OBA sOniy hyd uQuy youd fq gary oy wi 981 ‘wa 9 eq YUN EP NUN, 39 32742 2a udty onys dpyd Suonyg - (iq 32mm ea UeIY atu deyd Suonyd upyd wex) doy oud Aenqy yup ea fq samp oye RUT WEN roud ndq wednsu Teo] Sum ova sOnyy AQ suday foud yurss pnb udzy onys Spnyy yuso pa iq y2y7 WoT (2 “sorqu BuAp ps ryy Apnyy yu) nb eyo en ngry 1op UyD Up ‘wos, Youd yur ynb Suoay, ~uropoud enyo 99 ndq] wadnsu ovo UNO WroroUd UN ugiq As ‘[a8 ob Bupa BOY ‘oy 4eq gp mM NEO oo eno LOY Aeq ss 30q oequ YUL pnb Buon 40q YUN BOY oY AAS MAW Ap sa ‘ngy UaKnU oyo BNO 4PUO YU Us op yy eno Zugny yuR fs pyo uy ‘way Any “uoy Buep gp as udm roy YUL ynb “Buo] yey wno oyu dp ‘wy ure 194} Bugp “Buoy yByO OVA Upx ZY We} VOY BuRU BEY SoH ure] as Sup Op 28tuH ‘361q BG “(MeN TpA 19x NTT aBA NS UaANBUE xO won toyd doy Sugnsy nay) neyu oa ngp oq ued ap Buy m4 NED oF WH ovo Sureo Op aoryu ngU ‘Uday youd YUEN pb SuoN :9p 2éryN - “Ga. a2m ea vary ohm deyd Suonyd upyd urox) doy qyd Apnyy Op Sapna yup opx red ‘gu fo ngq ugdnBu reo] Bum 19a tog “AvNy op Bugno ye Sug] apy Buoxy ova URE 4pyD yOur oo Sug] apy rey Ud} royd YUL yMb Buoy {EYE Buéxy uenb gysu Fug os Suu, :oyFu Fuga os Sugys, (q “er Bugs yor) iq ay 99 Agu doy uoY mH ‘WEP teu Sunp Suxp Sugyy neu 4eyu Suop ep doy uy ry BA VOR oft ou Buys wosy oud yun yn ry apt Sue r61q OMY Jig “Bud. £1 eA opm Yon| ga Suny wo r91q oBUpy Fis UP £ pYD UPD ‘nEyL Ips Up ABU Tey UG Fey mpyu tpa ups spyo roy Uday YyuLs) Ne - “uday Youd yuUy pnb wary ort gp UPL BP apns Bug 9D 99 Subp Wop BAL ea oq NEA ApmEpT op 991 ‘Agne>| YuBS Udy BL UZD ‘op op ‘ex px 9% 99 103 of YUL ynb Ba yoip Zunp en rpyU Op top AeYY sis eX UIP 8s ‘(CoveurBye ‘upe[a® nyu) opna ops Jo ob SuyU EUR 9m NyD op9 we} BO REL AYE AP JA “qUeUS O83 YoIp Bunp eno Buda} £4 Ba r9YT Op ze 814 98 “quer 083 ofp Yip Sump eno ayo YuR ovo "A Bug] yyy 3uoy ‘Ups qvup Bro wes voy SuwU FU gp £ nyo Ugo ‘Kyu uOIy royd YUL ynb wery OhUA MEpy

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