Đồ Án Thiết Kế Tủ Cấp Đông Gió 250Kgmẻ, Tủ Đông Tiếp Xúc 1000Kgmẻ, Hệ Thống Cấp Đông IQF 500Kgh Và Máy Đá Vảy 10T24h Tại Xí Nghiệp Đông Lạnh F86-Đà Nẵng

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Thit k h thng lanh
LI NI U
T lu con ngi a bit tn dng lnh cua thin nhin nh bng tuyt p
lnh bao quan thc phm .T th k 19 phng php lam lnh nhn to
a ra i va pht trin n nh cao cua khoa hoc ky thut hin i.
Ngay nay ky thut lnh a i su vao nhiu lnh vc khoa hoc
nh :cng ngh thc phm ,cng ngh c kh ch to my ,luyn kim ,y hoc va
ngay ca ky thut in t...Lnh a c ph bin va a gn gui vi i sng
con ngi .Cc san phm thc phm nh :tht ,c ,rau ,qua... nh c bao
quan ma c th vn chuyn n ni xa xi hc bao quan trong thi gian
dai ma khng b h thi .iu nay ni ln c tm quan trong cua ky thut
lnh trong i sng con ngi .
Nc ta c b bin dai nn tim nng v
thuy san rt ln , cc x nghip ng lnh c mt trn moi min cua t nc .
Nhng san phm thuy san ng lnh cua Vit Nam c ch ng vng
vang trn th trng ni a va th gii th oi hoi phai nng cao cht lng
cng ngh lam lnh nn nhiu x nghip ang dn dn thay i cng ngh lam
lnh nhm p ng nhu cu .
Do thi gian va kin thc c hn ,s mi me cua thit b va cha c
kinh nghim thc t ,c s cho php cua thy gio hng dn em chon tai
thit k tu cp ng gi 250Kg/me , tu ng tip xc 1000Kg/me , h thng cp
ng IQF 500Kg/h va my vay 10T/24h ti x nghip ng lnh F86-a
Nng .
Trong qu trnh tnh ton thit k chc chn con nhiu thiu st . Rt
mong nhng y kin ng gp,ch dy cua thy c va cc bn ..
Em xin chn thanh cam n cc thy VO CH CHNH va cc cn
b ky thut cng ty F86 a ch dy va gip tn tnh n nay hoan
thanh ng thi hn.
a nng ,ngay... thng... nm 2002
Sinh vin
Nguyn Tn Hung
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG I
Tip nhn nguyn liu
DY CHUYN CNG NGH

Ra
CH BIN THUY SAN XUT
Kho bao quan nhin
KHU
liu
Bo u
Bc vo-Bo rut
Phn c, phn loi
Ra
Cn
Xp khay xp
Ch ng
Cp ng IQF
1.1. Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin thuy san xut khu
Ratrnh
ng, M
bng
1.1.1. Quy
cng
ngh ch bin tm xut khu
ng ti nilon
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
ng thung caton
Kho lnh BQTP
Trang 2
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Thit k h thng lanh
Tip nhn nguyn liu

Ra
S ch (bo u, nang)
Kho bao quan
Ch bin (ct khoanh)

Phn c, phn loi
1.1.2.Quy trnh ch bin mc Block
Cn xp khay
Ch ng
Cp ng trc tip
Ra ng, m bng
ng ti nilon
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
ng thung caton
Kho lnh BQTP
Trang 3
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Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Thit k h thng lanh
Trang 4
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Thit k h thng lanh
1.1.3.Quy trnh ch bin c FILE

Tip nhn nguyn liu
Ra
S ch (bo u, da)
Kho bao quan
Ch bin FILE
Phn c, phn loi
Cn xp khay xp
Ch ng
Cp ng
Ra ng, m bng
ng ti nilon
ng thung caton
Kho lnh BQTP
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
1.2 Tip nhn, bao quan va vn chuyn tm, c , mc nhin liu

Tm, C, Mc la cc loi hai san c gi tr kinh t th trng trong
nc va th gii. Mt trong nhng khu then cht khin san phm xut xng c
cht lng cao la gi c ti cua san phm nguyn liu trc khi a vao dy
chuyn ch bin. Tm sau khi a ln khoi mt nc phai c p hc dung dch
nc mui lnh ngay. Ty l gia nc va tm thay i theo tng mua v,
thi gian bao quan, vn chuyn, tnh trng cht cch nhit trong thung
cha tm. Tt nht nn gi nhit cua san phm cang thp (nhng > 0C )
th ti cua tm cang c ko dai.
Khu vc tip nhn nguyn liu trong xng ch bin phai c ranh thot
nc, phai c co ra bng nc st trung Chlorine nng 50PPm.
+ X ly c ch nguyn liu
Nguyn liu sau khi tip nhn cn phai nhanh chng a vao b ra,
qu trnh ra nguyn liu khng c ko dai qu lu v lng con li khng
u khng ch nhit cn thit cho tm.
Nguyn liu sau khi ra sch c chuyn ti b cha u dy chuyn ch
bin, trc khi cha nguyn liu b phai c lau chui sch se va st trung
bng dung dch Chlorine nng 50 PPm. Trong qu trnh cha tm phai
dung nc khng ch nhit trong b dao ng khoang 0C n 10C .
+ Phn loi
Tm sau khi ra khoi b lnh phai a vao phn loi ngay. Vic phn
loi tm c th tin hanh bng my hc bng tay va phn thanh tng t
ngn, tng nhm nho lin tc. Mc ch la duy tr con tm lun nhit
thp.
+ Vt u tm: tuy theo hp ng ky kt vi khch hang ma quyt nh
ch bin tm nh: tm vt u, tm bc vo, tm nguyn con...v u tm cha
nhiu cht khin cho tm chng n thi. V vy tm vt u bao quan c lu hn.
Cng vic vt u tm phai ht sc nhanh chng va thn trong ng k thut .
Tt ca cn b cng nhn lam trong phn xng ch bin tm lnh ng u
phai c hun luyn mau chng phn bit c tm ti u tiu chun p ng va tm
n khng u tiu chun khi phn nh tm ti va tm n cn da vao cc ch tiu
sau :
- Mui
- Nhng chm en trn vo.
- Nhng vong en.
- chc cua tht.
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Thit k h thng lanh
Vic phn nh tm n nn kim tra cht che va tin hanh lin tc trong
sut qu trnh ch bin, nht quyt phai loi bo nhng con tm km cht
lng.
Tm sau khi vt u phai cho vao p , c pha Chlorine nng
20PPm.
Chnh giai on nay cn phai chon la phn loi tm.
+ Bc vo bo gn:
Mt hang tm bc vo, bo gn thng p dng cho nhng loi tm
c ti va phm cht hi km hn so vi tm vt u. Tuy nhin tm bc vo, bo
gn c gi thanh cao hn bi v phai tra tin chi ph cho s cng nhn bc
vo, bo gn va s mt khi lng cua tm qua qu trnh ch bin va p ng
( khi lng cua tm b mt i khoang 20% so vi tm vt u ). Vic bc vo, bo
gn cn tin hanh nhanh gi c nhit thp cho tm.
San phm sau khi bc vo, bo gn rt d b vi trung xm nhp va gy
n thi nn cn phai t bit ch y gi v sinh, lun c kim tra cht che trn thn
tm sch trit , khng con st t vo tm nao. Sau tm c cho vao
thung nha hc thp khng r p va st trung bng Chlorine nng
30PPm.
+ Cho tm vao khun
Khun la nhng hp kim loi chuyn dung, kch thc cua hp ln hay
b tuy theo yu cu cua khch hang. Khun c ch to bng thp khng
r, cng c nh khi tm trong qu trnh p ng va ra khun. Cho tm vao
khun bng cch xp theo tng lp hc xp xen ke, tm phai tng con
vao hp, tm t th nm nghing u hng ra pha ngoai va ui hng vao
pha trong, sau khi xp khun xong cn phai khn trng a vao ng lnh
ngay. Trng hp nguyn liu b ong hc my lnh b s c th phai a vao
phong bao quan nguyn liu nhit -10C bao quan.
+ Lam lnh ng tm
Nhng khun tm c xp xong a vao tu cp ng tip xc (Contact
freeze) h thp nhit tm tm xung con -18C, trong khoang thi gian 2
h.
i vi tm ng lnh dng ri tng con ( goi la tm ng lnh IQF ) th
khng cn xp khun, ma sau khi ra sch ro nc ri xp ngay ln bng
chuyn cua my lnh ng nhanh.
+ Ra khun, vao hp, ng thung a vao kho tr ng .
Khi t yu cu nhit tm tm la -18C. Tm c ra khun vao hp va
ng thung a i bao quan .
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Thit k h thng lanh
i vi tm cp ng trong tu cp ng tip xc th khi lnh ng xong, khun c

ly ra, m np vao khun mt t nc lnh c nhit t 1 2 C, phong
c nhit J -10 C trong khoang 2 gi sau ly ra nhng khun vao
thung nc c nhit 10 C trong vong 20 30 giy ri bng ng tc go
mnh khun vao mt ban cng tch tm ra khoi khung. Khi tm tch ra
cho vao ti nilng han kn. Xp vao thung cactong ri a bao quan .
i vi tm IQF khi p ng kt thc, khng th bao gi va bao quan ngay
ma phai qua 2 giai on quan trong la lam bng va cn .
Lam bng tm : Tm sau khi c cp ng t c nhit tm yu cu
(18C) th c phun sng nc c nhit 5C phu ln 1 lp nc rt mong trn b
mt tm. Sau a tip vao tu ti ng lam ng bng lp nc bn ngoai thn
tm .
Cng vic cn va ng gi ngay tu ti ng tin hanh rt nhanh
chng khoi b tan gi .
+ Tr ng tm : sau khi bao gi va cho vao thung cactong xong,
ng thung, dn nhan hiu ro rang nhanh chng a sang tr ng bao
quan nhit
-18C. Trong sut thi gian bao quan cn ch y theo doi va iu
chnh v nhit kho tr ng khng c dao ng vi t > 2C .
1.3 Cc loi thit b trong dy chuyn san xut

H thng lnh cua x nghip ch bin thuy san gm cc thit b chnh
sau
- Thit b cp ng .
+ Tu cp ng kiu tip xc ( contact freezer ) :
1000kg/me
+ Tu cp ng gi
250kg/me
+ Cp ng kiu bng chuyn ( IQF )
+ My vay
:
:
500kg/h
10T/24h
+ Kho bao quan ng

+ Kho lnh 01 :
+ Kho lnh 02 :
-
Bung ch ng, tu ti ng.
Thit b ngng t : dan ngng
Thp giai nhit nc lam mt bnh ngng, my nn .
My nn va cc thit b ph .
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-
Thit k h thng lanh
H thng cung cp nc sch cho nha my
1.4 Cc s liu v kh tng

Cc s liu v kh tng nh nhit , m cua khng kh, bc x mt tri, gi
va hng gi, lng ma. la nhng yu t quan trong tnh ton thit k h
thng lnh. Chng la nhng yu t anh hng trc tip n tn tht nhit cua h
thng lnh qua vch bao che. Dong nhit tn tht nay la gi tr c ban
tnh ton thit k h thng lnh.
y cng ty ch bin c xy dng ti Qun Sn Tra-Thanh Ph a Nng
va c cc thng s kh tng sau :
Nhit trung bnh cao nht : tmaxtb = 37,7C.
m trung bnh cao nht :
1 = 77%.
T ta xc nh c nhit , nhit k t (t ) nhit im ong sng ( t ) trn th

I - d cua khng kh
= 77%
= 100%
t1=37,7C
I = const
ts = 33C
d
Hnh 2 - 1: Phng php xc nh trn th I - d cua khng kh m
Trng thi khng kh ly lam chun tnh ton
t1 = 37,7C.
Suy ra : ts = 33 C ;t=34C
1.5 Cc s liu v ch x ly lnh san phm

San phm chnh cua x nghip la ch bin tm , c, mc bn thanh
phm xut khu.
Tm sau khi ch bin xong cn thit phai cp ng t nhit tm la-18C
c th bao quan c dai ngay trong cc kho tr ng.
1.6 Cc s liu v ch bao quan san phm

Sau khi c cp ng san phm c ng thanh tng gi, mi gi 2 kg
va cho vao thung giy cactng mi thung nng 12kg ( 6 block ) a vao
kho tr ti y nhit tm san phm vn c duy tr -18 C.
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Thit k h thng lanh
1.7 Chon phng php xp d hang

Kho lnh bao quan y ch phc v cho x nghip nn c khi lng
hang bao quan khng ln lm, nn ta chon phng php xp d hang
thu cng.hang c xp chng ln nhau theo kiu sole, nhm tng vng chc
cua l hang va c b tr li i d dang bc d, sp xp hang va ngoai ra
con to iu kin cho khng kh trong kho lu thng.
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Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG II
CHON PHNG PHP

LAM LNH
2.1. i vi kho lnh bao quan

Theo yu cu cht lng cung nh thi gian bao quan san phm
th trong bung bao quan phai gi cho nhit tm san phm t (18C -20C). Do yu cu nhit khng kh trong bung phai t -25C .
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
y ta chon phng php lam lnh khng kh trc tip. Cc dan lnh
c treo ln panel trn kho lnh. Khng kh trong bung lnh chuyn ng
cng bc va phai bng qut. Chon kho kiu panel polyuretal
2.2. Thit b kt ng
lam lnh ng san phm s dng phng php cp ng sau :
2.2.1.
Thit b cp ng kiu tip xc ( Contact freezer) :san phm ng

dng block
Thit b kt ng kiu bng chuyn ( IQF ) :san phm ng ri vi s lng

ln
Tu ng gi : san phm ng ri vi s lng ln

Thit b kt ng kiu tip xc
Bng cch cho tm vao tng khun va t ln cc tm kim loi trong

tu cp ng, bn trong cc tm lc la gian bay hi trc tip cua mi cht lnh.
Khay lam bng thp khng r c kch thc tiu chun 150 x 200 x 50, bn trn
c np y, mi khay xp c 2 kg tm. Khi xp khay san phm ln cc tm lc xong
du xa t xi lanh thuy lc c xa ra bnh cha t hp cc tm lc i xung
va p cc khun san phm li lam cho cc khay san phm c th tip
xc ca 2 mt trn va di. Nhit si cua mi cht lnh c th t ti -40C. Sau
khi nhit san phm t yu cu la -18C th du c bm vao 2 xilanh
thuy lc lam cho cc tm plate nng ln d dang ly cc khay ra. Thi
gian cp ng cua thit b nay la T= 2 h. Cc khay san phm c chuyn n,
t trong bung tch khun va tin hanh ng gi ng kin, nhit khng kh
bung nay nhit -10C.
i vi dy chuyn cng ngh mi, yu cu thi gian cp ng phai nho hn 2
gi. t c iu oi hoi ga long trong cc tm lc phai cho chuyn ng
cng bc bng bm. V vy i vi tu ng tip xc s dng cp dcn bng bm nn
h thng oi hoi phai c bnh cha h p
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2.2.2.
Thit k h thng lanh
Thit b kt ng kiu bng chuyn IQF
San phm th sau khi qua v sinh, ch bin bc vo , bo u phn c

se c a vao bng chuyn bt u cng on luc san phm . Thit b luc san
phm la mt bng chuyn thp t cch nhit , thit b c cung cp nhit bng hi
bao hoa nhit 100 C (trch t lo hi) tc bng chuyn c th iu chnh
c . Sau khi ra khoi bng chuyn, san phm c lam ngui bng h thng
voi phun nc a c x l vi sinh , ri qua bng chuyn rung lam ro nc .
Ti thit b cp ng nhanh san phm se c h nhit n nhit m su ,sau khi t
n nhit cn thit , san phm theo bng chuyn n thit b m bng phun hi
sng nc lnh (nhit t 2 n 5 C) . Sau khi san phm c a vao phong
ti ng ,ra khoi phong ti ng san phm c bao boc lp bng mong bao
v.S dng IQF c nhng u nht im la
u im:
- Bng chuyn cp ng dng xn c nhng c im ring cua n chng
to s u vit, thit k cc lp bng tai chng ln nhau, khng th c c cc kiu
my xn truyn thng khc.
- H thng nay to thanh khu vc cp ng kn bao am cp ng lin
tc, tnh v sinh va cht lng thc phm rt cao va cng sut t c ti a.
- Thit k hp tiu chun v sinh thc phm, bi san phm i trong thit b
hu nh la kn.
- To ra san phm ong lnh c gi tr cao do phn b dong kh lnh
trao i nhit vi san phm theo hng kh ng u.
- am bao cng sut cp ng thc t ng cng sut thit k.
- Thch hp cho cng vic cp ng nhiu loi san phm c kch c khc
nhau, c bit phu hp vi cc loi san phm thuy san.
- T l hao ht thp do tc gi va h thng trao i nhiy c tnh ton ti u.
- Din tch lp t thit b nho nn tit kim din tch mt bng t thit b, cho
cng sut cp ng ly tng.
- Hng vao ra san phm c th thay i cho phu hp vi din tch lp t
va mt bng cng ngh.
- Thun tin trong s dng, vn hanh va bao tr, bao dng.
Nhc im:
- Do kch c li khng ng u khi vn chuyn trong thit b: li gn tm
quay se nho hn li xa tm quay, gy nn kh khn trong vic tnh ton la
chon kch c li.
- Gi thanh cao hn cc thit b bng chuyn phng.
2.2.3
Tu ng gi
i vi thit b cp ng nay san phm c cha trong khay va dng

tng con trao i nhit trc tip vi khng kh lnh c lam lnh bng dan qut
t bn trong bung, khng kh chuyn ng cng bc mnh bng qut va c
nhit m su hn so vi nhit cua khng kh trong kho tr ng.
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2.2.4.
Thit k h thng lanh
My vay 10 T/ngay
san phm ng lnh gi c nhit thp cang lu oi hoi din tch

phai nho trnh s xm nhp cua khng kh c nhit cao. My cy c
nhc im la cn phai trang b thm my xay c c kch thc nho nh
yu cu. My vay a khc phc c nhng nhc im trn v san phm nc
cua my vay manh c day t 0,5 n 5 mm.
X nghip ng lnh F86 c trang b my vay Noblicerdo hang
MYCOM cua Nht Ban san xut vi cng sut cua my la 10 tn/ngay. y
la loi my vay b mt lnh nm pha ngoai hnh tr 2 vo tr ng.
Mi cht lnh NH3 si pha trong ranh cua 2 vo hnh tr, bn trn c voi
phun nc u xung b mt ngoai cua hnh tr. Nc gp lnh ng bng li
thanh nhng ming mong bm trn vch tr va c dao gt hnh
rng ca quay tron gt lp to thanh dng vay ri xung pha di i vao
kho bao quan . Nc cha kp ng bng c bm tun hoan bm tr li
voi phun.
Ngay nay ngi ta thng s dng my vay v my cy c
nhng nhc im nh
-Chi ph u t cao: Cu , b , b nhng, kho cha , my xay .
-Chi ph in nng cao: in cho cu, cho my xay , cho b khy nc
-Thi gian to lu: Khoang 18 gi
-Khng am bao v sinh do b mui va khi xay ... nn mun xut khu
hang Thuy san sang th trng My va E.U th phai s dng
vay ch bin la iu kin bt buc.
Con my vay th ngc li chnh v vy ta chon cng ngh san xut s
dng vay
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Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG III
THIT K TH TCH, MT BNG

VA KCH THC TU NG
TIP XC, TU NG GIO ,
DY CHUYN IQF, MY
VAY
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Thit k h thng lanh
3.1 Thit k tu cp ng tip xc 1000kg/me

3.1.1
Cc thng s chi tit
Vo tu lam bng Inox, kch thc vo ph thuc vao cc cu trc bn

trong tu
Tm trao i nhit c dng tm, lam lnh san phm bng tip xc trc
tip, c cp dch bng bm dch.
Khay ng san phm
+ Kiu : c np tip xc hai mt trc tip, loi 2 kg tiu chun
+
Kch thc phu b : Dai 290mm x Rng 210mm x Cao
60mm
+ Vt liu : Nhm tm day 2mm
3.1.2 Tnh kch thc tu cp ng 1000kg/me
3.1.2.1.Tnh kch thc: Cc san phm cho vao tu cp ng u c t
vao trong cc khay nho va t trn cc tm trao i nhit ( tm plate ).
Ta chon tm plate cha 36 khay mi khay 2Kg
mt tm plate cha 36x2=72Kg san phm
Chm nc t 2530% chon 28%
Vy 1 plate nng
72
= 100Kg/plate
72%
-S plate cht tai n p =
E
1000
=
=10
100
100
S plate cua tu n= n p +1 =10+1 =11
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Thit k h thng lanh
Ta b tr 36 khay trn 1 plate nh sau :

1994
21
0
13
Tr
ng
(18
C
)
2200
290
30
-T hnh ve trn ta cHnh 3.1:B tr khay trn cc tm

lc
Chiu rng cua tm plate W = 4.290+3.30 = 1250mm
Chiu dai cua tm plate L = 9.210+8.13+206 = 2200mm
Tm plate c kch thc : 2200L x 1250 W x 22mm
- Chiu cao cua phn cha san phm va tm trao i nhit la :
22+11.105=1177mm
- Tm lt nhm hc nha PA trn va di la : 50+50=100mm
- Khoang cch khung n trn la : 223mm
Vy chiu cao phu b cua tu la :
1177+100+223+2.150 = 1800mm
- Khoang cch gia tm plate va 2 bn tu la :2.125mm
Vy chiu rng phu b cua tu la :
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Thit k h thng lanh
1250+2.125+2.150 = 1800mm
Vy chiu dai phu b cua tu la :
2200+2.400+2.150 = 3300mm
1645mm
3.1.2.2.Hnh ve tit din tu cp ng tip xc 1000kg/me
1700mm
3700mm
3.2.Thit k tu ng gi 250kg/me:
3.2.1
Cc thng s chi tit
Vo tu lam bng Inox, kch thc tu ph thuc vao cu to cc thit

b bn trong bung :
+ Khay cp ng : c lam bng nhm tm day 2mm hc Inox , c c l
trn b mt khay nhm to c s lu thng gi d dang, khay c thit k phu
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Thit k h thng lanh
hp vi loi san phm cp ng nh tm, ca, mc . Mi khay cp ng cha c 2,5kg

san phm
+ Gi khay : c lam bng Inox, dung khay cp ng bn trong
tu ng. Gi c kch thc sau : Dai810mm x Rng500mm x
Cao1900mm.Vi 25 tng b tr cc khay cp ng, Khoang cch gia cc
khay c b tr hp ly nhm tng kha nng lu thng gi. Mi gi b tr c 25 khay
cp ng.
Vy mi gi cha c : 25.2,5 = 62,5 kg san phm.
Vi bung ng gi nng sut 250kg/h ta cn 250 : 62,5 = 4 gi
3.2.2.Tnh kch thc tu ng gi
3.2.2.1.Chiu cao
Vi chiu cao phu b cua gi t khay la 1900mm, thun tin cho
gi lu thng tt, ta ly thm chiu cao t gi n trn cua tu la 500mm.
Vy chiu cao cua bung la H = 1900 + 500 = 2400mm.
3.2.2.2.Chiu rng
Chiu rng cua gi t khay la 500mm, ta ly thm 1700mm lp t
thm cc dan lnh, qut, van, ng ng va cc thit b khc.
Vy chiu rng phu b cua bung la W = 500 + 1700 =
2200mm.
3.2.2.3.Chiu dai
Ta c chiu dai cua mi gi la 810mm. Suy ra tng chiu dai
cua cc gi la 3240mm. Ta ly
+ Khoang cch t gi n vo tu mi bn la 270mm
+ Khoang cch gia cc gi la 100mm
+ Khoang cch 2 gi 195mm
Vy chiu dai phu b la :
4.810+2.195+2.270+1120+2.150 = 5500mm
3.2.3
Hnh ve tit din tu ng gi
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 19
AN TT NGHIP
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Thit k h thng lanh
Trang 20
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
3.3.Tnh kho cha vay

3.3.1.Thng s ky thut.
1- Mt.
4- Bm nc tun hoan.
2- Hp s.
5- ng ga vao.
3- ng ra ga.
dng cnh xn
6- Thn ci vay.
7-
Dao ct
1
2
3
7
.
Cng sut lam
10 tn/ngay
Hnh 3-1
Cng sut mt ct
370W
Cng sut mt bm nc
100W
Nhit nc cp
28C
Nhit tm
-5C
Kch thc bao ngoai

1780Hx1130Wx1130W (mm)
1000x900H (mm)
Kch thc trng to
Trng to , dao thng kiu rng ca thng thp m crm.

Gm 2 tay dao
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
l = 740mm.
Trang 21
AN TT NGHIP
3.3.2.
Thit k h thng lanh
Th tch kho vay

V
Trong :
E
gv
, m3
[3-1]
E : dung tch kho cha : E = 10tn

V : th tch kho
gv : nh mc cht tai th tch .
Tra bang ( 2-3) TL1 ta c : gv = 0,45t/m3.

V
T [3-1] :
10
22.22m 3
0,45
3.3.3. Din tch cht tai

F
Trong :
V
h
, m2
[3-2].
h = 2,7 : chiu cao cht tai trong kho
T [3-2] :
22,22
8,2296m 2
2,7
3.3.4.Tai trong trn 1m2 din tch nn kho

gf gv.h
gv.h = 0,45.2,7 =1,2157 tn/m2
3.3.5. Din tch lnh cn xy dng
F
Ft = , m 2
F
Trong :
F : h s s dng din tch cua bung, tra bang ( 2-4)

F = 0,57
TL1 ta c :
Vy
3.3.6
Ft : din tch cn xy dng.
Ft =
8,2296
14,4m 2
0,57
B tr kho cha vay
T din tch Ft = 14,4m2 va cc tm panel c kch thc tiu chun la

rng 1,2m ta suy ra chiu dai va rng cua kho la : 4 x 3,6m
3.4. Tnh kch thc cho tu ng kiu bng chuyn IQF

Thng s ban u
-
Cng sut :
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
G = 500kg/h
Trang 22
AN TT NGHIP
-
Thit k h thng lanh
Mi cht lnh
NH3
Thi gian lam lnh yu cu :t 530pht chon

15 pht.
Nhit tm x ly lnh :
tt = -18C
Nhit san phm a vao :
tv = 37C.
Khi lng cht tai (tm) tc thi trong tu :

G.T 500.15
125kg
60
60
gt
Gia s trn 1m2 bng chuyn c 2kg san phm th din tch san
phm chim ch trn bng chuyn trong tu :
Fsp
g t 125
62,5m 2
2
2
Chon chiu rng bng chuyn :

Chiu rng thc t xp san phm :
Bbc = 0,45m
Bsp = 0,4m.
Nh vy chiu dai bng chuyn c cha tm :

Lsp
Fsp
Bsp
62,5
156,25m
0,4
Chon chiu dai cua mt tng bng chuyn Lbc = 6,5m

.
Suy ra s tng bng chuyn chng ln nhau

n
156,25
24 tng
6,5
Vn tc cua bng tai

vbt
Lsp
T
156,25
10,4 m/pht.
15
ng knh cua bng chuyn xn

D
Lbc 6,5
2,1m .
Chon chiu cao gia cc tng bng chuyn h = 60mm.

Suy ra chiu cao bng chuyn xn
H = n.ht = 60.24 = 1440 mm =1,44m.
T cc kch thc cua khi bng chuyn xn, chon kch thc phu b
cua tu kt ng IQF : Chiu dai
L = 5,4 m.
Chiu rng B = 2,4m.
Chiu cao H = 2,7m
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 23
AN TT NGHIP
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Thit k h thng lanh
Trang 24
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG IV
CCH NHIT, CCH M
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 25
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
4.1.Tnh ton cch nhit cch m cho my vay va kho cha

vay
4.1.1.My vay :
Pha bn trong cua 2 lp vo hnh tr ng cua ci vay c phun
polyurethane c day : CN = 0,2m nn hoan toan cch nhit.
H s truyn nhit thc qua vch tr ng cua ci c tnh theo biu
thc :
kt
1
d
1
1
2. .Ln 2
2. . 1 .d1
d1
2. . 2 .d 2
theo TL6
1
1
1
2.3,14.Ln
2.3,14.23,3
0,9 2.3,14.8.0,9
1,453W / m 2 .K
* Kim tra ong sng

vch ngoai va trn khng b ong sng th : kt < ks
k s 0,95. 1 .
Ma
Vi :
t1 t s
t1 t 2
W /m 2 k
(TL1trang 66)
: nhit mi trng bn ngoai
t 2 :nhit mi trng bn trong

t s :nhit ong sng
1 :h s toa nhit v pha khng kh
My vay t trong phong iu hoa nn t 1 =25 C

=70%
t s =18C
Nn ta c
k s 0,95.23,3.
25 18
5,16 7 W /m 2 k
25 5
kt < ks
Nh vy khng xay ra hin tng ong sng trn b mt ngoai thit b.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 26
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
4.1.2.Kho cha vay

Cc kho vay ngay nay thng c lam bng cc tm panel
gm : hai lp thp cacbon bn ngoai va gia la lp cch nhit
polyuretal
1,2 : Tole Colorbond day 0.6mm

3
2
2
: Lp cch nhit
3
4.1.2.1 Tnh chiu day cch nhit cua vch
Vch bao va trn kho lnh c chung kt cu, c lp ghp bng cc
tm panel, c xc nh theo biu thc sau :
1 1
1

i , m
i 2
k 1
CN CN
Trong :
(TL1 trang 64)
CN : chiu day cua lp cch nhit.

CN : h s n nhit cua vt liu cch nhit.
1 : h s toa nhit cua mi trng bn ngoai vch cch
nhit.
2 : h s toa nhit cua vch vao bung lnh.
k : h s truyn nhit ly theo tiu chun.
i : chiu day cua lp vt liu th i.
i : h s n nhit cua lp vt liu th i.
1
2.0,0006 1
1
85,08mm
45,35
8
0,28 23,3
cn 0,025
Chon cn 100mm
H s truyn nhit thc qua lp cch nhit :
kv
1
1 CN
1 t
CN 2 t
1
1
0,1
1 2.0,0006

23,3 0,025 8
45,35
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
0,24W / m 2 . K
Trang 27
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Kv=0,24W/m2.K
Kim tra ong sng :
Kho vay t trong phong c iu hoa nhit
- Nhit bn ngoai kho : t 1 =25C, =70% t s =18C
- Nhit trong kho
k s 0,95. 1 .
: t 2 =-5C
k=0,28 W /m 2 k
t1 t s
25 18
0,95.23,3.
5,16 W/m2.K
t1 t 2
25 (5)
So snh ks> kt nn am bao khng ong sng trn b mt tu.

4.1.2.2.B day cch nhit trn
Chiu day cch nhit nn tnh theo cng thc
1 1
1

i
i 2
k 1
CN CN
(TL1 trang 64)
Lp lun tng t
Ta c CN = 0,1m.
kt t =0,24 W/m2.K
Kim tra ong m vch, trn kho lnh :
V mt ngoai cung va trong cung cua thit b u la thp c h

s dn m = 0 m/mmHg nn thit b cch m hoan toan.
4.1.2.3 Tnh chiu day cch nhit nn kho vay
Chiu day cch nhit nn tnh theo cng thc
1 1
1

i
i 2
k 1
CN CN
(TL1 trang 64)
Lp lun tng t
Ta c CN = 0,1m.
kn t =0,24 W/m2.K
Kim tra ong m vch, trn kho lnh :
V mt ngoai cung va trong cung cua thit b u la thp c h

s dn m = 0 m/mmHg nn thit b cch m hoan toan.
4.2. Cch nhit cch m cho tu ng tip xc 1000Kg/me:

Cc tu ng ngay nay thng c lam bng cc tm panel gm : hai
lp thp cacbon bn ngoai va gia la lp cch nhit polyuretal
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 28
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
2
1
1,2 :Tole day 0,6mm

3 : Lp cch nhit
3
Chon h s truyn nhit k qua vch ngoai : coi h s truyn nhit
qua cc mt tu bng nhau va bng vch bao ngoai
Nhit bung : t2
=
2
TL1k=0,19W/m .K
-35C
nn
ta
tra
bang
(3-3)
Chon h s toa nhit trong va ngoai vch tra bang (3-7) TL1
ta c
- B mt ngoai cua tng khng n gi ng =23,3W/m2.K
tr =8W/m2.K
- B mt trong tu i lu t nhin
Chiu day cch nhit
i vi tu ng tip xc th chiu day cch nhit cua vch, trn,

nn nh sau :
1 1
1

i = (TL1 trang64)
i 2
k 1
CN CN
1
2.0,0006 1
1
0,025.
0,1273m
45,35
8
0,19 23,3
Chon CN = 150mm
H s truyn nhit thc qua lp cch nhit
kt
1
1 CN
1 t
1 CN 2 t
1
1
0,15 1 2.0,0006

23,3 0,025 8
45,35
0,162W / m 2 . K
Kim tra ong sng : iu kin mt ngoai khng b ong sng la nhit
b mt ngoai t w ln hn nhit ong sng hc h s truyn nhit cua
vch k t phai nho hn h s truyn nhit ong sng tc k t <k s
Ma k s 0,95. 1 .
t1 t s
W/m2.W/m2.K
t1 t 2
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
(TL1 trang 66)

Trang 29
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
t 1 :nhit mi trng bn ngoai t 1 =25C

t 2 : nhit mi trng bn trong t 2 =-35C
t s :nhit ong sng
1 :h s toa nhit v pha khng kh 1 =23,3
Tu ng tip xc t trong phong iu hoa nn t 1 =25C
=70%
=18C
t s
25 18
k s = 0,95.23,3. 25 (35) 2,58 W/m2.K

Kim tra ngng t m : i vi tu cp ng c kt cu tm panel c hai lp
thp cacbon hai pha nn hoan toan khng c m lot vao lp
cch nhit nn hoan toan khng c hin tng ngng t m trong
long kt cu
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 30
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
4.3. Cch nhit cch m cho tu ng gi 250Kg/me

Tng t tu ng tip xc cc tu ng gi ngay nay thng c lam
bng cc tm panel gm : hai lp thp cacbon bn ngoai va gia la lp
cch nhit polyuretal
2
1
1,2 :Tole day 0,6mm

3 : Lp cch nhit
Chon h s truyn nhit k qua vch ngoai : Coi h s truyn nhit

qua cc mt tu bng nhau va bng vch bao ngoai.
Nhit bung : t2
=
2
TL1k=0,19W/m .K
-35C
nn
ta
tra
bang
(3-3)
ta c
- B mt ngoai cua tng khng n gi
ng =23,3W/m2.K
- B mt trong tu i lu cng bc mnh
tr =10,5W/m2.K
Chiu day cch nhit

i vi bung nay chiu day cch nhit cua vch, trn, nn nh
sau :
1 1
1

i = (TL1 trang 64)
i 2
k 1
CN CN
1
2.0,0006
1
1
0,025.
0,128m
45,35
10,5
0,19 23,3
Chon CN = 150mm
H s truyn nhit thc qua lp cch nhit :
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 31
AN TT NGHIP
kt
Thit k h thng lanh
1
1
0,162W / m 2 . K
1
0,15
1
2.0,0006
1 CN
1 t
Kim
23
,
3
0
,
025
10
,
5
45
,
35
1 CN 2 t
tra ong sng :iu kin mt ngoai khng b ong sng la nhit b mt
ngoai t w ln hn nhit ong sng hc h s truyn nhit cua vch k t
phai nho hn h s truyn nhit ong sng tc k t <k s
Ma
k s 0,95. 1 .
t1 t s
W/m2.W/m2.K (TL1 trang 64)
t1 t 2

t s :nhit ong sng
Tu ng gi t trong phong iu hoa t 1 =25C
=70%
t s =18C
25 18
k s = 0,95.23,3. 25 (35) 2,58 W/m2.K

Kim tra ngng t m : i vi tu cp ng c kt cu tm panel c hai lp
thp cacbon hai pha nn hoan toan khng c m lot vao lp
cch nhit nn hoan toan khng c hin tng ngng t m trong
long kt cu
4.4. Cch nhit cch m IQF

Bung IQF c lp ghp bng cc panel c kt cu nh kho vay a
trnh bay phn trn.
Nhit khng kh ngoai bung :
iu hoa khng kh ).
t1 = 25 C (v t trong nha kn c
Chon h s truyn nhit k qua vch ngoai : coi h s truyn nhit

qua cc mt tu bng nhau va bng vch bao ngoai
Nhit bung : t2
=
2
TL1k=0,19W/m .K
-40C
nn
ta
tra
bang
(3-3)
ta c
- B mt ngoai cua tng khng n gi
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
ng =23,3W/m2.K
Trang 32
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
- B mt trong tu i lu cng bc
tr =10,5W/m2.K
* Chiu day cch nhit

Vch bao, trn va nn c chung kt cu nn chiu day cch nhit c
tnh chung nh sau.
1 1
1

i =
i 2
k 1
CN CN
1
0,0006
1
1
2.
0,128m
45,35 10,5
0,19 23,3
= 0,025
Chon CN = 150mm
H s truyn nhit thc qua vch tu
kt
1
1
0,1629W / m 2 . K
t
1
0,15
1
0,0006
1 CN
1
KiKi
2.
2.
23,3 0,025 10,5
45,35
CN 2
t
m tra ong sng : iu kin mt ngoai khng b ong sng la nhit b

mt ngoai t w ln hn nhit ong sng hc h s truyn nhit cua
vch k t phai nho hn h s truyn nhit ong sng tc k t <k s
Ma
k s 0,95. 1 .
t1 t s
W/m2.W/m2.K
t1 t 2
(TL1 trang66)

t s :nhit ong sng
k s 0,95. 1 .
t1 t s
25 18
0,95.23,3.
1,021W / m 2 . K k t
t1 t 2
25 (40)
Vy b mt tu khng ong sng
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 33
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG V
TNH TON
CN BNG NHIT
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 34
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Mc ch la xc nh cc dong nhit t mi trng bn ngoai i vao

cc bung lnh. y chnh la dong nhit tn tht ma my lnh phai c u
cng sut thai n li mi trng nng. am bao s chnh lch nhit n nh
gia bung lnh va khng kh bn ngoai.
Dong nhit tn tht vao kho lnh c xc nh theo biu thc
Q = Q1 + Q 2 + Q 3 + Q 4 + Q 5 , W
(TL1 trang 75)
Trong :
Q1 : Dong nhit tn tht qua kt cu bao che.
Q2 : Dong nhit do san phm toa ra trong qu trnh x ly.
Q3 : Dong nhit tn tht do thng gi bung lnh : Q 3 = 0.
Q4 : Dong nhit t cc ngun khc nhau khi vn hanh.
Q5 : Dong nhit khi san phm toa ra khi san phm h hp : Q 5
= 0.
c im cua dong nhit la chng thay i lin tc theo thi gian. Do vy
nng sut lnh cua h thng c thit k theo ph tai nhit ln nht Q max ta ghi
nhn thi im nao trong ca nm
5.1.Tnh nhit cho tu ng tip xc 1000Kg/me

5.1.1.Dong nhit tn tht ra mi trng bn ngoai
Q 1 =Q 11 +Q 12
(KW)
(TL1 trang 77)
Trong :
Q 11 : Dong nhit qua tng , trn , nn do chnh lch nhit
Q 12 : Dong nhit qua tng , trn do bc x mt tri
*Tnh Q 11 :
Q 11 =k t F.(t 1 -t 2 ) (KW)
(TL1 trang 77)
Trong
k t :H s truyn nhit thc t qua kt cu bao che a xc nh chng 4
F :Din tch b mt cua kt cu bao che
t 1 :Nhit bn ngoai phong t 1 =25C
t 2 : nhit bn trong phong t 2 =-35C
Theo cc phn tnh ton trc ta c :
k t =0,162W/m2.K
F T ,TR , N =2(3,3+1,8).1,8+2.3,3.1,8=30,24m 2
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 35
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Q 11 =k t F.(t 1 -t 2 )=0,162.30,24.(25+35)=293,9 (W)

Q 11 =0,29(KW)
* Tnh Q 12 : Do tu t trong nn khng b bc x mt tri Q 12 =0
Vy
Q1=0,29(KW)
5.1.2. Dong nhit do san phm toa ra

Q 2 =Q 2 sp +Q 2bb
(TL1 trang 78)
Trong :
Q 2 sp : Lng nhit cp cho san phm
Q 2bb : Lng nhit cp cho bao b
5.1.2.1.Lng nhit cp cho san phm
Q 2 sp =G 2 sp .(i sp -i sp )/
Vi
i sp : Entanpi cua san phm trc khi gia lnh

i sp : Entanpi cua san phm sau khi gia lnh
Tra bang (4-2) trang 81 TL1 ta c

i sp =314,4KJ/Kg
i sp =5,0 KJ/Kg
: thi gian cp ng =2h
G 2 sp =1000kg :khi lng san phm
Vy Q 2 sp =
1000.(314,4 5)
42,97 (KW)
2.3600
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 36
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
5.1.2.2.Lng nhit cp cho bao b

Lng nhit cp cho bao b bao gm cc tm plate va cc khay nhm
Q 2bb =(M khay .C Al +M plate . C Al )(t-t)/
Vi
t : nhit trc khi lam lnh cua bao b 15C

t : nhit sau khi lam lnh cua bao b -18C
C Al =0,22kcal=0,921kj/kg :Nhit dung ring cua nhm
=2670 kg/m 3
Khi lng ring cua nhm
M plate =Vplate.
Ma
Vplate=2,2.1,25.0,022m3
M plate =11.(2,2.1,25.0,022).2670=1776,8kg
S khay trn 1 tm plate la 36 khay mi khay 2 kg
Mkhay=Vkhay.
Vkhay=0,29.0,21.0,06.0,5=1,827.10 -3m3
Mkhay=1,827.10-3.2670=4,87kg
Do lng nhit cp cho bao b :
Q 2bb =(4,87.0,921+1776,8.0,921)(15+18)/2.3600
Q 2bb =7,52(KW)
Vy lng nhit cp cho bao b va san phm la :
Q 2 = Q 2 sp + Q 2bb
= 42,97+7,52=50,5(KW)
5.1.3.Tn tht nhit do thng gi
Tu ng tip xc khng c thng gi nn Q 3 =0
5.1.4.Tn tht do vn hanh
Q 4 =Q 41 +Q 42 +Q 43 +Q 44 (KW)
(TL1 trang 87)
5.1.4.1.Tn tht do chiu sng tu

Q 41 =0
5.1.4.2. Dong nhit do ngi toa ra
Q 42 =0
5.1.4.3.Dong nhit do cc ng c in
Q 43 =0
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 37
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
5.1.4.4.Dong nhit do m ca
Q 44 =B.F (W)
B : dong nhit tn tht khi m ca
Tra bang (4-4)TL1
B=32W/m2
F : Din tch nn tu
F=1,8.3,3=5,94m 2
Q 44 =32.5,94=0,19(KW)
Vy
Q4=0,19(KW)
5.1.5.Xc nh tai nhit cho thit b va cho my nn

5.1.5.1. Xc nh tai nhit cho thit b
Tai nhit cho thit b nhm mc ch tnh ton din tch b mt trao i nhit
cn thit cho thit b bay hi. am bao c nhit trong bung nhng iu
kin bt li nht, ngi ta phai tnh ton tai nhit cho thit b la tng cc gi
tr thanh phn c gi tr cao nht.
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q4 , KW
Q = 0,29+50,5+0,19 = 50,98K W
5.1.5.2. Xc nh tai nhit cho my nn

QMN= 80%Q1 + 100%Q2 + 75%Q4
QMN= 0,8.0,29 + 50,5 + 0,75.0,19 = 50,8(KW)
5.1.5.3Nng sut lnh cua my nn : c xc nh theo biu thc (424)TL1

Q0
k Q MN
b
, W
Trong :
k = 1,1 H s lnh tnh n tn tht trn ng ng va thit b
cua h thng lnh
b= 0,9: H s thi gian lam vic.
QMN: Tng tai nhit cua my nn i vi mt nhit bay hi.
Qo
1,1.50,8
62,1
0,9
KW
5.2.Tnh nhit cho tu cp ng gi 250 Kg/me

5.2.1.Dong nhit tn tht ra mi trng bn ngoai
Q 1 =Q 11 +Q 12
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
(KW)
(TL1 trang 77)

Trang 38
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Trong :
Q 11 : Dong nhit qua tng , trn , nn do chnh lch nhit
Q 12 : Dong nhit qua tng , trn do bc x mt tri
*Tnh Q 11 :
Q 11 =k t F.(t 1 -t 2 ) (KW)
(TL1 trang 77)
Trong
k t :H s truyn nhit thc t qua kt cu bao che a xc nh chng 4
F :Din tch b mt cua kt cu bao che
t 1 :Nhit bn ngoai phong t 1 =25C
t 2 : nhit bn trong phong t 2 =-35C
Theo cc phn tnh ton trc ta c :
k t =0,162W/m2.K
F T ,TR , N =2(5,6+2,2).2,4+2.5,6.2,2=62,08m 2
Q 11 =k t F.(t 1 -t 2 )=0,162.62,08.(25+35)=603,4 (W)
Q 11 =0,6(KW)
*Tnh Q 12 : Do tu t trong nn khng b bc x mt tri Q 12 =0
Vy
Q1=0,6(KW)
5.2.2. Dong nhit do san phm toa ra

Q 2 =Q 2 sp +Q 2bb
Trong :
Q 2 sp : Lng nhit cp cho san phm
Q 2bb : Lng nhit cp cho bao b
5.2.2.1.Lng nhit cp cho san phm
Q 2 sp =G 2 sp .(i sp -i sp )/
Vi i sp : Entanpi cua san phm trc khi gia lnh
i sp : Entanpi cua san phm sau khi gia lnh
Tra bang (4-2) trang 81 TL1 ta c
i sp =314,4KJ/Kg
i sp =5,0 KJ/Kg
: thi gian cp ng =2h
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 39
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
G 2 sp =250kg :khi lng san phm

Vy
Q 2 sp =
250.(314,4 5)
10,74 (KW)
2.3600
5.2.2.2.Lng nhit cp cho bao b

Lng nhit cp cho bao b bao gm cc 4 gi va cc khay nhm
Q 2bb =1000(M khay .C Al +M gia . C Al )(t-t)/24.3600
Vi
t : nhit trc khi lam lnh cua bao b 15C

t : nhit sau khi lam lnh cua bao b -18C
C Al =0,22kcal=0,921kj/kg :nhit dung ring cua nhm
=2670 kg/m 3
Khi lng ring cua nhm
Khay 810 x 500 x50mm

M gia =4.(0,5.0,81.1.75).2670=7569,4kg
Tu ng gi 250kg/me ta chon 4 gi mi gi
Mi gi t 25 khay nn mi khay se cha
250
=62,5kg
4
62,5
2,5 kg
25
M khay =Vkhay.
ma Vkhay=0,5.0,81.0,002
M khay =0,5.0,81.0,002.2670=2,16kg
Do lng nhit cp cho bao b :
Q 2bb =(7569,4+2,16).0,921.(15+18)/2.3600
Q 2bb =3,19(KW)
Vy lng nhit cp cho bao b va san phm la :
Q 2 = Q 2 sp + Q 2bb
=10,74+3,8=14,54(KW)
5.2.3.Tn tht nhit do thng gi
Tu ng gi khng c thng gi nn Q 3 =0
5.2.4.Tn tht do vn hanh

Q 4 =Q 41 +Q 42 +Q 43 +Q 44 (KW)
(4-21)TL1
5.2.4.1.Tn tht do chiu sng tu

Q 41 =0
5.2.4.2. Dong nhit do ngi toa ra
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 40
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Q 42 =0
5.2.4.3.Dong nhit do cc ng c in
Q43=1000.N (W)
Vi N cng sut cua ng c in (KW)
1000 h s chuyn i t KW ra W
Trong tu ng gi c 4 qut cng sut mi qut 0,78KW
Vy
N = 4.0,78=3,12(KW)
Q43=1000.3,12=3120W
5.2.4.4.Dong nhit do m ca
Q 44 =B.F (W)
B : dong nhit tn tht khi m ca Tra bang (4-4)TL1
B=32W/m2
F : Din tch nn tu
F=2,2.5,6=12,32m 2
Q 44 =32.12,32=0,394(KW)
Vy
Q4=3,12+0,394=3,514(KW)
5.2.5.Xc nh tai nhit cho thit b va cho my nn

5.2.5.1. Xc nh tai nhit cho thit b
Tai nhit cho thit b nhm mc ch tnh ton din tch b mt trao i nhit
cn thit cho thit b bay hi. am bao c nhit trong bung nhng iu
kin bt li nht, ngi ta phai tnh ton tai nhit cho thit b la tng cc gi
tr thanh phn c gi tr cao nht.
Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q4 , KW
Q = 0,6+14,54+3,514=18,69 KW
5.2.5.2. Xc nh tai nhit cho my nn

QMN= 80%Q1 + 100%Q2 + 75%Q4
QMN= 0,8.0,6 + 14,54 + 0,75.3,514 = 17,65(KW)
5.2.5.3Nng sut lnh cua my nn : c xc nh theo biu thc (424)TL1

Q0
k Q MN
b
, W
Trong :
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 41
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
k = 1,1 H s lnh tnh n tn tht trn ng ng va thit b cua h

thng lnh
b= 0,9 H s thi gian lam vic.
QMN Tng tai nhit cua my nn i vi mt nhit bay hi.
QMN
1,1.17,65
21,58
0,9
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
KW
Trang 42
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
5.3.Tnh nhit cho my vay

Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q4 , kW.
Q 1 :Dong nhit tn tht qua kt cu bao che
Q 2 :Dong nhit lam ng nc t 28C n -5C
Q 3 : Dong nhit tn tht do vn hanh
5.3.1.Dong nhit lam ng Q2
Q2 M . C pw t1 0 qr Cp 0 t 2 , kW.
M :Cng sut my vay vi

M
10000
0,116 kg / s
24.3600
C pw :Nhit dung ring ng p cua nc C pw =4,18 kj/kg

q r : Nhit ng c cua nc
q r =333,6kj/kg
C pd : Nhit dung ring cua nc
C pd =2,09kj/kg
t1= 28C : nhit nc cp.

t2 = -5C : nhit nc .
Vy :
Q2 0,116 . 4,18 28 0 333,6 2,09 0 5 53,486 kW.
5.3.2.Dong nhit tn tht qua kt cu bao che Q1

Q1 = 10%Q2 = 10%.53,486 = 5,348 kW.
5.3.3.Dong nhit tn tht do vn hanh Q4
Q4 = Ni , kW.
Cc ng c bn trong my vay gm : dao ct , bm nc vi cng sut nh
a trnh bay trn, nn :
Q4 = 370 + 100 = 470 W = 0,47 KW.
Nh vy tng ph tai nhit cho thit b la :
QTB = 53,486 + 5,349 + 0,47 = 59,305 kW.
Tai nhit cho my nn
QMN = 80%Q1 + Q2 + 75%Q4
= 0,8.5,348 + 53,486 + 0,75.0,47 = 58,1169 kW.
Nng sut lnh cua my nn :
Q0 QMN .
k
,
b
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 43
AN TT NGHIP
lnh.
Trong :
Thit k h thng lanh
k = 1,06 : h s k n tn tht ng ng va thit b cua h thng

b = 1 : h s thi gian lam vic.
Q0
Nh vy :
58,1169 .1,06
61,604 kW.
1
5.4. Tnh nhit cho thit b cp ng IQF

Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 , W.
5.4.1.Dong nhit tn tht qua kt cu bao che Q1
a) Tn tht do chnh lch nhit Q11
Q11= kt.F.(t1-t2) , W.
kt : h s truyn nhit thc cua kt cu bao che xc nh theo chiu
day cch nhit thc, kt = 0,1629 W/m2.K
F : din tch b mt cua kt cu bao che , m2.
F = 2.(5,4 + 2,4).2,7 +2.5,4.2,4 = 68,04 m 2.
t1 : nhit mi trng bn ngoai ; t1 = 25C (v t trong phong c
iu hoa)
t2 : nhit trong bung
t2 = -40C.
Vy tn tht dong nhit qua tng bao, trn va nn do chnh lch nhit
la :
Q11 = 0,1629.68,04.(25-(-40)) = 720,44 W.
b) Tn tht nhit do bc x mt tri :
V thit b t trong nha kn nn xem nh Q12= 0.
Vy tn tht nhit qua kt cu bao che :
Q1 = 514,6 W.
5.4.2.Dong nhit do san phm toa ra Q2
Q2 = Q2sp + Q2bc .
a) Dong nhit do san phm toa ra Q2sp
Q2sp = M(i2-i1) , kW.
Trong :
M : cng sut cp ng ; M = 500 kg/h =0,14 kg/s.
Nhit tm trc va sau khi x ly lnh :
tsp vao = 37C
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
i1= 390 kj/kg.
Trang 44
AN TT NGHIP
tsp ra = -18C
Vy :
Q2bc
Thit k h thng lanh

i2= 5kj/kg.
Q2sp = 0,14.(390-5) = 53,9 kW.
b) Dong nhit do thit b vn chuyn (bng chuyn) mang vao

Phn bn trong tu dai : 156,3 m.
Phn bn ngoai tu dai : 2,8m
Phn bng chuyn bn ngoai nhn c nhit cua mi trng va khi

chuyn ng vao bn trong nha nhit cho khng kh lnh, lam tn tht i mt
lng nhit :
Q2bc = Mbc. C.(t1-t2) , kW.
Trong :
C = 0,45 kj/kg : nhit dung ring cua li thp.
Mbc khi lng bng chuyn i vao tu , kg/s
Mbc=(1030)%M=20%M=0,2.0,14=0,028 kg/s
+
t1 = 5C
nhit vao cua bng chuyn
t2=-25C nhit ra cua bng chuyn

Thay s Q2bc=0,028.0,45.(5-(-25)) = 0,38 kW.
Vy
Q2 = 53,9 + 0,38 = 54,27 kW.
5.4.3.Dong nhit do thng gi Q3

Dong nhit do gi lot c tnh u vao va ra san phm :
Q3= Gkk.Ckk.(t1-t2) , kW.
Trong
Gkk : khi lng khng kh lot vao thit b ; Gkk = 0,16 kg/s.
Ckk : nhit dung ring cua khng kh : Ckk = 1, 0036 kj/kg..
t1 : nhit khng kh trc khi lot vao thit b : t1 = 25C.
t2 : nhit khng kh sau khi ra khoi thit b : t2 = -15C.
Vy :
Q3 = 0,16.1,0036.(25-(-15)) = 6,423 kW.
5.4.4.Dong nhit do vn hanh Q4

Q4 = Q41 + Q42 + Q43 + Q44 , W.
Q41 : Tn tht nhit do chiu sng , W.
Q42 : Tn tht nhit do ngi toa ra , W.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 45
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Q43 : Tn tht nhit do cc ng c , W.

Q44 : Tn tht nhit do m ca, W.
V bung cp ng IQF kn do c th bo qua cc tn tht nhit Q 41, Q42,
Q44. Nh vy :
Q4 = Q43.
Q43 = Ni , kW.
Ni : cng sut cua ng c in , kW.
Ni = Nbc + Nqut = 12 kW.
Vy tn tht nhit do vn hanh :
Q4 = 12 kW.
Tai nhit cho thit b :
QTB = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4
=0,514 + 54,27 + 6,423 + 12 = 73,2 kW.
Tai nhit cho my nn :
QMN = 80%Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + 75%Q4
=70,1kW
= 0,8.0,514 + 54,27 + 6,423 + 0,75.12
Nng sut lnh cua my nn

Q0 QMN .
k
,
b
kW
Trong : k = 1,1 : h s k n tn tht ng ng va thit b cua h thng

lnh.
b = 1 : h s thi gian lam vic.
Nh vy :
Q0
70,1.1,1
77,1 KW
1
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 46
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
5.5.Bang kt qua ph tai my nn va thit b

Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
QTB
(KW)
(KW)
(KW)
(KW)
(KW)
0,29
50,5
0,19
50,9
0,6
14,54
Cp ng IQF 500kg/h
0,51
5
54,27
6,4
12
73,2
70,1
My
10T/24h
5,34
8
53,48
0,47
59,3
58,1
H THNG
Tu ng tip xc
Tu ng gi
vay
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Q0M
N
(KW)
50,8
3,514 18,69 17,65
Trang 47
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG VI
TNH TON CHU TRNH VA

CHON MY NN
6.1.Tnh chu trnh my nn cho tu ng gi, tu ng tip xc, IQF

6.1.1.Nhit si cua mi cht
t0=tf- t0
Trong
tf =-35C Nhit tu ng
t0 =5CHiu nhit
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 48
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Vy t0=-35-5=-40C
6.1.2.Nhit ngng t cua mi cht
tk=tw2+ tk
tk=35C Nhit ngng t cao hn nc t 35C
tw2=tw1+26C
Vi tw2 Nhit nc ra khoi bnh ngng
tw1 Nhit nc khi vao bnh ngng
tw1=tu+3C
Nhit nc vao bnh ngng ph thuc vao iu kin mi trng. Vi kh
hu ti a Nng t=37,7C, m =77% nn ta tnh c
T=32C
tw1=32+3=35C
tw2=35+2=37C
Vy tk=37+3=40C
6.1.3.Nhit hi ht v my nn
th=t0+ th
th=t0+515C
Vy th=-40+10=-30C
6.1.4.Nhit qu lnh
tql=tw1+35C
tql=35+3=38C
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 49
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6.1.5.Cc thng s ban u

Mi cht lnh
NH3
Nhit si mi cht
t0=-40C
Ap sut bay hi mi cht
p0=0,72at
Nhit ngng t
tk=40C
Ap sut ngng t
pk=15,56at
Ap sut trung gian
ptg=
T s nn
p0 . p k
0,72.15,56 3,35 atttg=-6C
p k 15,56
21,6
p0
0,72
>12 chon my nn 2 cp dung NH3, 2 tit lu, bnh trung gian c

ng xn
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 50
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6.1.6.S nguyn ly va th
S nguyn ly : (Hnh 6.3).
NCA : Nn cao p.
ng xn.
BTG : Bnh trung gian c
NHA : Nn h p.
TL1 : Van tit lu 1.
TL2 : Van tit lu 2.

BH :
NT
: Thit b ngng hi
Dan bay hi.
th : (Hnh 6.4).
TL
16
4
NT
BTG
8
NCA
2
NHA
TL
21
0
BH
S nguyn ly.
lgP
T
5
5
9
8
Tk,
pk
Ttg,pt
g
1
0
9 5 5
Ttg,pt
8
3=
7
To,
1
p0
a
S
)
Chu trnh biu din trn th

T-S
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Tk,
pk
3=
7
1 1
To,
p0
b
I
)
Chu trnh biu din trn th lgpi.
1
0
Trang 51
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Nguyn ly hot ng cua chu trnh:

Hi mi cht t thit b bay hi c my nn h p ht v va nn t
trng thi 1 c p sut p 0 va nhit tqnln trng thi 2 c p sut p tg va
nhit t2. Sau y vao bnh trung gian c ng xn, ming ng y c sc xung
di mc long. Do hi c lam mt xung n trng thi bao hoa 3. Hi
trng thi 3 c my nn cao p ht v va nn on nhit ln trng thi 4
c p sut pk, ri c y vao thit b ngng t li thanh long. Long mi cht
sau thit b ngng t chia lam 2 phn. Mt phn nho qua tit lu th nht
vao bnh trung gian lam mt hi ht v my nn cao p n trng thi
bao hoa kh. Con ng chnh c y qua ng xn cua bnh trung gian c
lam qu lnh n trng thi 9. Sau c qua van tit lu 2 xung p sut p 0
cp cho gian bay hi. Trong thit b bay hi long mi cht bay hi thu nhit
cua mi trng cn lam lnh. Hi hnh thanh trong gian bay hi c
my nn h p ht v, nh vy vong tun hoan mi cht c khp kn.
Cc qu trnh nhit trong chu trnh :
1-1 : qu nhit hi ht h p.
1-2 : nn on nhit cp h p.
2-3 : lam mt hoan toan trong bnh trung gian.
3-4 : nn on nhit cp cao p.
4-5 : ngng t ng p ng nhit trong bnh trung gian.
5-5 : qu lnh long trc van tit lu TL.
5-6 : qu trnh mi cht long tit lu ng entanpi qua van TL
Vao bnh trung gian; phn hi c entanpi la i 7 c ht v my nn cao
p.
5-9 : qu lnh long ng p trong bnh trung gian.
9-10 : qu trnh tit lu ng entanpi t pk v p0 qua VTL2.
Trng thi nhit cc im trong chu trnh :
1 : hi bao hoa : t1= t0 ; p1=p0.
1 : hi qu nhit : p1= p0.
2 : hi qu nhit : p2 = ptg.
3 : hi bao hoa : p3 = ptg : t3 = ttg.
4: hi qu nhit : p4= pk.
5 : long bao hoa .
5 : long sau qu lnh ti thit b ngng t .
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 52
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6 : hi bao hoa m .
7: hi bao hoa .
8 : long bao hoa trong bnh trung gian .
9 : long sau qu lnh ti bnh trung gian.
10 : hi m sau khi qua van tit lu 2.
Tnh ton tham s nhit cua cc im trong chu trnh :
im
t, C
P, at
-40
v,
m /kg
s, kJ/kg.
0,72 1706,7
1,55
6,24
-30
0,72
1722
0,96
6,36
80
3,35
1960
0,436
6,36
3=7
-6
3,35 1753,8 0,3679
5,69
102
15,5
6
2010
0,11
5,69
40
15,5
6
687,6
8,3.10-
5,14
15,5
6
668,4
36
I, kJ/kg
9,3.10-
-6
3,35
668,4
0,36
-6
3,35
472,4
-2
15,5
6
317,6
10
-40
0,72
317,6
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 53
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6.2. Tnh ton chu trnh

6.2.1.
Tnh ton tu ng tip xc
6.2.1.1 Tnh ton chu trnh

1)
Nng sut lnh ring :

q0 = i1-i10 = 1706,7-317,6 =1389,1 kJ/kg.
2)
Lu lng khi lng hi mi cht thc t qua cp nn h p (m1) :

m1
3)
Q0
2.62,1
0,0895kg / s
q 0 1389,1
Lu lng khi lng hi mi cht qua cp nn cao p (m2) :
Lng hi qua cp nn cao p gm lng hi to thanh sau van tit lu

1()
va lng hi to thanh do qu lnh long t im 5 xung im 5 () va lng
hi lam mt hoan toan gia 2 cp nn
+ Lng hi to thanh do lam qu lnh long t im 5 xung 5

i5 i 5 '
i3 i8
687,6 668,4
0,015
1753,8 472,4
+ Lng hi to thanh lam mt hoan toan gia 2 cp nn

i 2 i3
1960 1753,8
0,16
i3 i8 1753,8 472,4
+ Lng hi to thanh sau van tit lu

( )
i5 i8
687,6 472,4
(0,015 0,16)
0,035
i3 i 5
1753,8 687,6
Vy lng hi qua cp nn cao p la

m2=m1(1+++)=0,0895(1+0,035+0,015+0,16)=0,108
4)
Cng nn ring :
Cp h p :
l1 i 2 i1 1960 1722 238kJ / kg
Cp cao p :
l2=i4-i3=2010-1753,8=256,2kJ/kg
5)
Cng nn on nhit :
Cp h p :
Ns1= m1.l1= 0,0895.238=21,3 kW
Cp cao p :
Ns2 = m2.l2= 0,108.256,2 = 27,66 KW
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 54
AN TT NGHIP
6)
H s lam lnh chu trnh
7)
T T0
313 233
k
2,54.
0,87
c
T0
233
Nhit lng toa ra thit b ngng t Qk:

Qk = m2.qk = m2(i4-i5) = 0,108.(2010-687,6) =
142,8 kW.
9)
Q0
2.62,1
2,54
N s1 N s2 21,3 27,66
Hiu sut exrgri

8)
Thit k h thng lanh
Th tch ht thc t :
Cp h p :
Vtt1= m1.v1 = 0,0895.0,96 = 0,085 m3/s.
Cp cao p :
Vtt3 = m2.v3 = 0,108.0,3679 = 0,039 m3/s.
Vy th tch qut cua my nn
Vmn=0,085+0,039=0,124 m3/s
Vmn=446,4m3/h
10)
H s cp cua my nn c xc nh theo biu thc :

p 0 p0
ptg ptg p0 p0 T0
.
C1
p
p
p
0
0
0
Ttg
Cp h p :
C1 =0,05 th tch cht tng i cua xi lanh h p

p0=0,05 at :hiu p sut Clape ht
pk=ptg=0,1 at : hiu p sut Clape y
0,72 0,05
3,35 0,1 0,72 0,05 233
0,05
0,657
.
0,72
0,72
0,72
266
Vy 1 0,657
p tg ptg
Cp cao p :
Trong :
ptg
p k p k p tg ptg
p
ptg
tg
C2
Ttg
.
T
k
C1 = 0,05 : th tch cht tng i cua xi lanh cao p.

p0 = 0,05 at : hiu p sut Clape ht.
pk = ptg = 0,1 at : hiu p sut Clape y.
3,35 0,1
15,56 0,1 3,35 0,1 266
0,05
0,67
.
3,35
3,35
3,35 313
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 55
AN TT NGHIP
11)
Thit k h thng lanh
Th tch ht ly thuyt :
Cp h p :
Vlt1
Vtt1 0,085
0,13 m3/s.
1
0,657
Cp cao p :
Vlt 2
Vtt 2 0,039
0,058 m3/s.
2
0,67
Cp h p :
HA
T0
233
0,001 40
0,04 0,836
Ttg
266
Cp cao p :
CA
12)
13)
Hiu sut ch th
Ttg
Tk
0,001 6
266
0,006 0,844
313
Cng sut ch th :
Cp cao p :
N HA
N s1
21,3
25,5kW
HA 0,836
Cp cao p :
N CA
N s 2 27,66
32,66kW
CA 0,844
14)
Cng sut ma st :
Nms = (Vtt1 + Vtt2).Pms
Pms=0,0490,069Mpa i vi my nn NH3 chon Pms=0,05Mpa

Nms= (0,085 + 0,039).0,05.106 =6,2 kW
15)
Cng sut hu ch :
Ne = NHA + NCA + Nms = 25,5 + 32,66 + 6,2 = 64,36
kW.
16)
Cng sut tip in

N el
Ne
64,36
75,27 KW
t . el 0,95.0,9
Vi td =0,95 hiu sut truyn ng ai

el =0,9 hiu sut ng c
17)
Cng sut ng c :
Nc = (1,12,1).Nel = 1,4.75,27 =105,4 kW.
Vi 1,4 h s an toan cua ng c

6.2.1.2 Chon my nn
Chon my nn NH3 2 cp cua hang MYCOM (Nht Ban). Ky hiu
my : N62B, c cc thng s :
Q0MN = 56100Kcal/h = 65,24 kW.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 56
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Th tch qut
VltMN =573,4 m3/h
Cng sut hu ch Ne = 64,36 kw.

S vong quay
S pittng
n = 900 vong/pht
6+2
S my nn cn chon :
Z MN
Chon
Q0
124,4
1,906 my.
Q0 MN
65,24
ZMN = 2
6.2.2. Tnh ton tu ng gi

1)
Nng sut lnh ring :

q0 = i1-i10 = 1706,7-317,6 =1389,1 kJ/kg.
2)

m1
3)
Q0
21,58
0,0156kg / s
q 0 1389,1

1()
+Lng hi to thanh do lam qu lnh long t im 5 xung 5

i5 i 5 '
i3 i8
687,6 668,4
0,015
1753,8 472,4
+Lng hi to thanh lam mt hoan toan gia 2 cp nn

i 2 i3
1960 1753,8
0,16
i3 i8 1753,8 472,4
+Lng hi to thanh sau van tit lu

( )
i5 i8
687,6 472,4
(0,015 0,16)
0,035
i3 i 5
1753,8 687,6

m2=m1(1+++)=0,0156(1+0,035+0,015+0,16)=0,02
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 57
AN TT NGHIP
4)
Thit k h thng lanh
Cng nn ring :
Cp h p :
l1 i 2 i1 1960 1722 238kJ / kg
Cp cao p :
l2=i4-i3=2010-1753,8=256,2kJ/kg
5)
Cng nn on nhit :
Cp h p :
Ns1= m1.l1= 0,0156.238=3,72 kW
Cp cao p :
Ns2 = m2.l2= 0,02.256,2 = 5,12 KW
6)
7)
Hiu sut exrgri

8)
T T0
313 233
k
2,45.
0,84
c
T0
233

Qk = m2.qk = m2(i4-i5) = 0,02.(2010-687,6) =
26,45 kW.
9)
Q0
21,58
2,45
N s1 N s2 3,72 5,12
Th tch ht thc t :
Cp h p :
Vtt1= m1.v1 = 0,0156.0,96 = 0,015 m3/s.
Cp cao p :
Vtt3 = m2.v3 = 0,02.0,3679 = 0,007 m3/s.
Vmn=0,015+0,007=0,022 m3/s.
Vmn=79,2 m3/h
10)H s cp cua my nn c xc nh theo biu thc :
p 0 p0
ptg ptg p0 p0
C1
p0
p0
p0
Cp h p :
T0
.
Ttg

0,72 0,05
3,35 0,1 0,72 0,05 233
0,05
0,657
.
0,72
0,72
0,72
266
Vy
1 0,657
Cp cao p :
p tg ptg
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
ptg
p k p k p tg ptg
p
ptg
tg
C2
Ttg
.
T
k
Trang 58
AN TT NGHIP
Trong :
Thit k h thng lanh

3,35 0,1
15,56 0,1 3,35 0,1 266
0,05
0,67
.
3,35
3,35
3,35 313
11)Th tch ht ly thuyt :

Cp h p :
Vlt1
Vtt1 0,015
0,023 m3/s.
1
0,657
Cp cao p :
Vlt 2
Vtt 2 0,007
0,01 m3/s.
2
0,67
Cp h p :
HA
T0
233
0,001 40
0,04 0,836
Ttg
266
Cp cao p :
CA
12)Hiu sut ch th
Ttg
Tk
0,001 6
266
0,006 0,844
313
13)Cng sut ch th :
Cp h p :
N HA
N s1
3,72
4,45kW
HA 0,836
Cp cao p :
N CA
N s2
5,12
6,06kW
CA 0,844
14)
Cng sut ma st :

Nms= (0,015 + 0,007).0,05.106 =1,1 kW
15)
Cng sut hu ch :
Ne = NHA + NCA + Nms = 4,45 + 6,06 + 1,1 = 10,5 kW.
16)
Cng sut tip in

N el
Ne
10,5
12,3 KW
t . el 0,95.0,9

17)
Cng sut ng c :
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 59
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Nc = (1,12,1).Nel = 1,4.12,3=17,19 kW.

6.2.2.2 Chon my nn :
my : N42A, c cc thng s :
Q0MN = 22700Kcal/h = 26,6 kW.
Th tch qut
VltMN =232,7 m3/h
Cng sut hu ch Ne = 10,5 kw.

S vong quay
S pittng
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
n = 1200 vong/pht
4+2
Trang 60
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6.2.3. Tnh ton IQF

1)
Nng sut lnh ring :

q0 = i1-i10 = 1706,7-317,6 =1389,1 kJ/kg.
(7-16)
2)

m1
3)
Q0
77,1
0,055kg / s
q 0 1389,1

1()
+ Lng hi to thanh do lam qu lnh long t im 5 xung 5

i5 i 5 '
i3 i8
687,6 668,4
0,015
1753,8 472,4
+ Lng hi to thanh lam mt hoan toan gia 2 cp nn

i 2 i3
1960 1753,8
0,16
i3 i8 1753,8 472,4
+ Lng hi to thanh sau van tit lu

( )
i5 i8
687,6 472,4
(0,015 0,16)
0,035
i3 i 5
1753,8 687,6

m2=m1(1+++)=0,055(1+0,035+0,015+0,16)=0,066
4)
Cng nn ring :
Cp h p :
l1 i 2 i1 1960 1722 238kJ / kg
Cp cao p :
l2=i4-i3=2010-1753,8=256,2kJ/kg
5)
Cng nn on nhit :
Cp h p :
Ns1= m1.l1= 0,055.238=13,09 kW
Cp cao p :
Ns2 = m2.l2= 0,066.256,2 = 16,91 KW
6)
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 61
AN TT NGHIP
7)
Q0
77,1
2,57
N s1 N s2 13,09 16,91
Hiu sut exrgri

8)
Thit k h thng lanh
T T0
313 233
k
2,57.
0,88
c
T0
233

Qk = m2.qk = m2(i4-i5) = 0,066.(2010-687,6) =
87,3 kW.
9)
Th tch ht thc t :
Cp h p :
Vtt1= m1.v1 = 0,055.0,96 = 0,053 m3/s.
Cp cao p :
Vtt3 = m2.v3 = 0,066.0,3679 = 0,024 m3/s.
Vy th qut cua my nn
Vmn=0,053+0,024=0,077 m3/s
Vmn=277,2m3/h
10)

p 0 p0
ptg ptg p0 p0
C1
p0
p
p
0
0
Cp h p :
T0
.
Ttg

0,72 0,05
3,35 0,1 0,72 0,05
0,05
0,72
0,72
0,72
Vy
1 0,657
p tg ptg
Cp cao p :
Trong :
233
0,657
.
266
ptg
p k p k p tg ptg
p
ptg
tg
C2
Ttg
.
T
k

3,35 0,1
15,56 0,1 3,35 0,1
0,05
3,35
3,35
3,35
11)
266
0,67
.
313
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 62
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Cp h p :
Vlt1
Vtt1 0,053
0,08 m3/s.
1
0,657
Cp cao p :
Vlt 2
Vtt 2 0,024
0,0358 m3/s.
2
0,67
Cp h p :
HA
T0
233
0,001 40
0,04 0,836
Ttg
266
Cp cao p :
CA
12)
13)
Hiu sut ch th
Ttg
0,001 6
Tk
266
0,006 0,844
313
Cng sut ch th :
Cp cao p :
N HA
N s1 13,09
15,66kW
HA 0,836
Cp cao p :
N CA
N s 2 16,91
20kW
CA 0,844
14)
Cng sut ma st :

Nms= (0,053 + 0,024).0,05.106 =3,85 kW
15)
Cng sut hu ch :
Ne = NHA + NCA + Nms = 15,66 + 20 + 3,85 = 39,5 kW.
16)
Cng sut tip in

N el
Vi
Ne
39,5
46,2 KW
t . el 0,95.0,9
td =0,95 hiu sut truyn ng ai

17)
Cng sut ng c :
Nc = (1,12,1).Nel = 1,4.46,2 =64,7 kW.

6.2.3.2.Chon my nn
my N62B c cc thng s :
Q0MN =81700kcal/h=95(KW)
Th tch qut
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
VltMN =
637,1
Trang 63
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Cng sut hu ch. Ne= 47,5(KW)

S vong quay
n=1000vong/pht
S pittng
6+2
6.2.4Tnh chu trnh cho my vay

6.2.4.1.Nhit si cua mi cht
t0=tf- t0
Trong
tf =-15C Nhit trong ci
t0 =10CHiu nhit
Vy t0=-15-10=-25C
6.2.4.2.Nhit ngng t cua mi cht
tk=tw2+ tk
tk=35C Nhit ngng t cao hn nc t 35C
tw2=tw1+26C
Vi tw2 Nhit nc ra khoi bnh ngng
tw1 Nhit nc khi vao bnh ngng
tw1=tu+3C
Nhit nc vao bnh ngng ph thuc vao iu kin mi trng. Vi kh
hu ti a Nng t=37,7C, m =77% nn ta tnh c
T=32C
tw1=32+3=35C
tw2=35+2=37C
Vy tk=37+3=40C
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 64
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6.2.4.3.Nhit hi ht v my nn
th=t0+ th
th=t0+515C
Vy th=-25+10=-15C
6.2.4.4.Nhit qu lnh
tql=tw1+35C
tql=35+3=38C
6.2.4.5.Cc thng s ban u
Mi cht lnh
NH3
Nhit si mi cht
t0=-25C
Ap sut bay hi mi cht
p0=1,52at
Nhit ngng t
tk=40C
Ap sut ngng t
pk=15,56at
Ap sut trung gian

T s nn
ptg=3,35at
p k 15,56
10,24
p0
1,52
>9 chon my nn 2 cp dung NH3, 2 tit lu, bnh trung gian c

ng xn
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 65
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6.2.4.6.S nguyn ly va th
S nguyn ly : (Hnh 6.3).
NCA : Nn cao p.
ng xn.
BTG : Bnh trung gian c
NHA : Nn h p.
TL1 : Van tit lu 1.
TL2 : Van tit lu 2.

BH :
NT
: Thit b ngng hi
Dan bay hi.
th : (Hnh 6.4).
5
lgP
4
5
5
9
8
Tk,
pk
Ttg,pt
g
1
0
S nguyn ly.
9 5 5
To,
1
p0
a
S
)
Chu trnh biu din trn th

T-S
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
N
T N
C
3
2
1
B
H
4
4
Tk,
pk
Ttg,pt
8
3=
7
T
L
6
1
B
9 8T
G
T
L1
20
NH
3=
7
1 1
To,
p0
b
I
)
Chu trnh biu din trn th lgpi.
1
0
Trang 66
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Nguyn ly hot ng cua chu trnh:

Hi mi cht t thit b bay hi c my nn h p ht v va nn t
trng thi 1 c p sut p 0 va nhit tqnln trng thi 2 c p sut p tg va
nhit t2. Sau y vao bnh trung gian c ng xn, ming ng y c sc xung
di mc long. Do hi c lam mt xung n trng thi bao hoa 3. Hi
trng thi 3 c my nn cao p ht v va nn on nhit ln trng thi 4
c p sut pk, ri c y vao thit b ngng t li thanh long. Long mi cht
sau thit b ngng t chia lam 2 phn. Mt phn nho qua tit lu th nht
vao bnh trung gian lam mt hi ht v my nn cao p n trng thi
bao hoa kh. Con ng chnh c y qua ng xn cua bnh trung gian c
lam qu lnh n trng thi 9. Sau c qua van tit lu 2 xung p sut p 0
cp cho gian bay hi. Trong thit b bay hi long mi cht bay hi thu nhit
cua mi trng cn lam lnh. Hi hnh thanh trong gian bay hi c
my nn h p ht v, nh vy vong tun hoan mi cht c khp kn.
Cc qu trnh nhit trong chu trnh :
1-1 : qu nhit hi ht h p.
1-2 : nn on nhit cp h p.
2-3 : lam mt hoan toan trong bnh trung gian.
3-4 : nn on nhit cp cao p.
4-5 : ngng t ng p ng nhit trong bnh trung gian.
5-5 : qu lnh long trc van tit lu TL.
5-6 : qu trnh mi cht long tit lu ng entanpi qua van TL
Vao bnh trung gian; phn hi c entanpi la i 7 c ht v my nn cao
p.
5-9 : qu lnh long ng p trong bnh trung gian.
9-10 : qu trnh tit lu ng entanpi t pk v p0 qua VTL2.
Trng thi nhit cc im trong chu trnh :
1 : hi bao hoa : t1= t0 ; p1=p0.
1 : hi qu nhit : p1= p0.
2 : hi qu nhit : p2 = ptg.
3 : hi bao hoa : p3 = ptg : t3 = ttg.
4: hi qu nhit : p4= pk.
5 : long bao hoa .
5 : long sau qu lnh ti thit b ngng t .
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 67
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
6 : hi bao hoa m .
7: hi bao hoa .
8 : long bao hoa trong bnh trung gian .
9 : long sau qu lnh ti bnh trung gian.
10 : hi m sau khi qua van tit lu 2.
Tnh ton tham s nhit cua cc im trong chu trnh :
im
t, C
P, at
-25
1,52
-15
I, kJ/kg
v,
m /kg
s, kJ/kg.
1729,4
0,77
5,98
1,52
1742,9
0,5
6,1
75
3,35
1955
0,33
6,1
3=7
-6
3,35
1753,3
0,36
5,69
92
15,56
1994
0,094
5,69
40
15,56
687,6
8,3.10-2
5,14
36
15,56
668,4
9,3.10-2
-6
3,35
513,8
0,26
3,35
472
-2
15,56
385,5
10
-25
1,52
385,5

1)
Nng sut lnh ring :

q0 = i1-i10 = 1729,4-385,5 =1343,9 kJ/kg.
2)

m1
3)
Q0
61,6
0,045kg / s
q 0 1343,9

1()
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 68
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh

+Lng hi to thanh do lam qu lnh long t im 5 xung 5

i 5 i5 '
i3 i8
687,6 668,4
0,014
1753 472
+Lng hi to thanh lam mt hoan toan gia 2 cp nn
i2 i3 1955 1753
0,14
i3 i8
1753 472
+Lng hi to thanh sau van tit lu

( )
i5 i8
687,6 472
(0,014 0,14)
0,24
i3 i5
1753 687,6

m2=m1(1+++)=0,045(1+0,014+0,14+0,24)=0,062
4)
Cng nn ring :
Cp h p :
l1 i2 i1 1955 1942,9 12,1kJ / kg
Cp cao p :
l2=i4-i3=1994-1753,3=230,7kJ/kg
5)
Cng nn on nhit :
Cp h p :
Ns1= m1.l1= 0,045.12,1=0,54 kW
Cp cao p :
Ns2 = m2.l2= 0,062.230,7 = 14,3 KW
6)
7)
Hiu sut exrgri

8)
Q0
61,6
4,15
N s1 N s2 0,54 14,3
T T0
313 233
k
4,15.
1,4
c
T0
233

Qk = m2.qk = m2(i4-i5) = 0,062.(1994-687,6) = 80,9 kW.
9)
Th tch ht thc t :
Cp h p :
Vtt1= m1.v1 = 0,045.0,5 = 0,0225 m3/s.
Cp cao p :
Vtt3 = m2.v3 = 0,062.0,26 = 0,016 m3/s.

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Vmn=0,0225+0,016=0,038 m3/s
Trang 69
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh

Vmn=138,6m3/h
10)

p 0 p0
ptg ptg p0 p0
C1
p0
p0
p0
Cp h p :
T0
.
Ttg

1,52 0,05
3,35 0,1 1,52 0,05 233
0,05
0,79
.
1,52
1,52
1,52
266
Vy
1 0,79
p tg ptg
Cp cao p :
Trong :
ptg
p k p k p tg ptg
p
ptg
tg
C2
Ttg
.
T
k

3,35 0,1
15,56 0,1 3,35 0,1
0,05
3,35
3,35
3,35
11)
266
0,31
.
313
Cp h p :
Vlt1
Vtt1 0,0225
0,028 m3/s.
1
0,79
Cp cao p :
Vlt 2
Vtt 2 0,016
0,05 m3/s.
2
0,3
Cp h p :
HA
T0
233
0,001 25
0,025 0,85
Ttg
266
Cp cao p :
CA
12)
13)
Hiu sut ch th
Ttg
Tk
0,001 6
266
0,006 0,84
313
Cng sut ch th :
Cp cao p :
N HA
N s1 0,54
0,64kW
HA 0,85
Cp cao p :
N CA
N s 2 14,3
16,78kW
CA 0,84
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 70
AN TT NGHIP
14)
Thit k h thng lanh
Cng sut ma st :

Nms= (0,0225 + 0,016).0,05.106 =1,92 kW
15)
Cng sut hu ch :
Ne = NHA + NCA + Nms = 0,64 + 16,78 + 1,92 = 19,34
kW.
16)
Cng sut tip in

N el
Ne
19,34
22,62 KW
t . el 0,95.0,9

17)
Cng sut ng c :
Nc = (1,12,1).Nel = 1,4.22,62=31,67 kW.

6.2.4.8.Chon my nn
my N42B, c cc thng s :
Q0MN = 71700Kcal/h kW.
Th tch qut
S vong quay
VltMN =430,1 m3/h

n = 900 vong/pht
S pittng
4+2
Mt
37KW/3pha/380v/50Hz
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 71
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG VII
TNH TON THIT K

THIT B TRAO I NHIT
7.1. Thit k thit b ngng t cua h thng NH3

7.1.1. c im
Bnh ngng dung truyn nhit lng cua tc nhn lnh nhit cao
cho mi cht giai nhit. Hi i vao bnh ngng la hi qu nhit, cho nn trc
tin n phai c lam lnh n nhit hi bao hoa, ri n qu trnh ngng
t, sau cung la b qu lnh vai trc khi ra khoi bnh ngng.
7.1.2. Chon thit b ngng t
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 72
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
y ta chon thit b ngng t kiu bc hi. Loi nay nn s dng

nhng c kh hu nng va kh, nn rt thch hp.
u im:
-
Tit kim c rt nhiu nc b sung.
Khng cn thm cc thit b lam lnh nc giai nhit.
Nhc im:
H s truyn nhit tng i nho do phai tiu tn nhiu kim loi.
7.1.3.Tnh ton thit k bnh ngng
7.1.3.1) Cc thng s ban u :
-
Nhit ngng t cua mi cht :
tk = t1 = 40C.
p sut mi cht trong bnh ngng : pk = 15,56at.
Nhit cua nc giai nhit :
Nhit cua nc ra khoi bnh ngng :
Ph tai nhit cua bnh ngng la tng tai nhit cua my

vay, IQF, Tu ng tip xc, Tu ng gi
tw1 = 34C.
tw2 = 37C.
Qk =80,9+87,3+142,8+26,45=337,4 kW
7.1.3.2) Tnh ton :
1. Cc thng s cua khng kh bn ngoai :
t1 = 37,7C
1 = 77% ;
d1 = 34g/kgk.kh
i1 = 126 kJ/kg
t = 34C.
2. Gii hn lam lnh :
tgh = 34C = t.
3. Lu lng khng kh :
mkk = 3,25.kk.Qk.10-2 , kg/s.
Khi lng ring cua khng kh :

kk
p1 1 d1
9,81.10 4 1 0,034
1,081kg / m 3
R.T1 1 1,61.d 1 287.310,71 1,61.0,034
Vy : mkk = 3,25.1,081.337,4.10-2 = 11,85 kg/s.

4. Entanpi cua khng kh ra :
i2 i1
Qk
337,4
126
154,4kJ / kg
m kk
11,85
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 73
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
5. H s toa nhit pha ngoai :

1 = 0,85.9750.m11/3 = 0,85.9750.0,051/3= 3053W/m2.K
m1= 0,05kg/s : lu lng ti nc trn 1m chiu dai ng theo kinh
nghim.
6. Xc nh b mt trao i nhit Fng :
-
H s toa nhit v pha NH3 :

i 9733.q i0, 2 .d 10,3 , W/m2.K.
tnh c i cn thit chon s b mt dong nhit q i v pha nc, theo kinh

nghim :
qa= 1400 2300 W/m2. Chon qa = 1900W/m2 , lc :
qi
va
-
i 9733.2262 0 , 2.0,0210,3 6617
H s truyn nhit qua vch ng :

k
q a .d 2 1900.25
2262 W/m2
d1
21
1 d2
1
. i
i d1
i 1
1
1 25
1
0,8.10 3
6617 21
3056
765
W/m2.K
Nhit cua nc giai nhit c xc nh t phng trnh cn bng nhit :

qa = k.(tk-tw)
qa
1900
40
37,5C
k
765
tw tk
iw = 160 kJ/kg.
Entanpi cua khng kh trng thi trung bnh c xc nh theo

cng thc
i w itb
i2 i1
154 126
16kJ / kg
i w i1
160 126
ln
ln
160 154
iw i2
trng thi nay khng kh c cc thng s nh sau :

ttb= 36C ;
Ck= 1,005kJ/kg.K :Nhit dung ring
k = 1,1363kg/m3 :Khi lng ring
k= 0,0274W/m.K : H s dn nhit
k= 16,635.10-6m2/s : nht ng
Pr = 0,7: Tr s Prandtl
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 74
AN TT NGHIP
-
Thit k h thng lanh
Din tch b mt ngoai cua dan ng ngng t yu cu la :

Fng
Qk
337,4.10 3
177,6m 2
qa
1900
- Tnh kim tra Fng theo iu kin truyn nhit, truyn cht gia nc va
khng kh :
Fng
mkk
i i
ln w 1 , m2
A. . i w i 2
Trong : A= 0,935 : h s ph thuc vao tw.

= 1,6 : h s k n s tng din tch mt ngoai cua mang
nc do to thanh tia va giot.
xc nh h s bay hi cn xc nh h s toa nhit k i vi dong khng kh
i ngang qua chum ng trn t so le. Trong trng nay ta c :
Nu = C.Rem.Pr0,34.z
Chon vn tc khng kh i qua chum ng k = 5m/s va ta c :
Re
k .d 2
5.0,025
7514
16,635.10 6
ch qu : C = 0,4 ; m = 0,6 va n = 0,36.

Chon s hang ng theo chiu chuyn ng cua khng kh z = 8 t
z = 0,96.
Vy :
Nu 0,4.7514 0, 6 .0,7 0 , 36.0,96 71,5 .
H s toa nhit :
H s bay hi :
Nu.
71,5.0,0274
73,4
d2
0,025
k
73,4
0,087 kg / m 2 .s
C k 1,005.10 3
Din tch b mt ngoai dan ngng la :

Fng
Fng
11 .85
160 126
ln
176,1m 2
0,935.0,078.1,6 160 154
177,6 176,1
.100% 0,85%
177,6
So snh Fng c chon va Fng tnh ton gn ging nhau, cho nn chng ta
chon Fng= 180 m2
-
Lng nc phun :
m wp
2,3.Qk
337,4
2,3.
7,76kg / s
100
100
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 75
AN TT NGHIP
-
Thit k h thng lanh
Lng nc bay hi :
mwbh = mkk.(d2-d1) = 11,85.(44-34).10-3 = 0,12 kg/s
- Lng nc b gi cun theo ra ngoai nu k n th tng lng nc bay hi

theo gi se la :
'
mbh
1,1.m wbh 1,1.0,12 0,13kg / s .
Cc kch thc chu yu cua bnh ngng :

Tng chiu dai 1 hang ng trn mt ct ngang :
L
m wp
2.m1
7,76
77,6m
2.0,05
S ng trn mt ct ngang cua thit b khi chon chiu dai mi ng

thng l= 2,8m
Z
L 77,6
27,7 ng
l
2,8
V s ng trn mt ct ngang qu ln se khng am bao cho nc phun

ti u ng thi gy kh khn cho v sinh nn ta chia lam 2 dan ngng, nn
mi dan gm z= 14 ng
B rng :
Chon
B = z.s1 = 14.0,058 = 0,81 m
s1 = (22,3).dng = 0,058m
S ng trong 1 dan ng theo chiu thng ng :

nc
Fng
, d ng .l.z
177,6
28 ng.
.0,025.2,8.28
Nh vy mi dan gm 14 ng.
Chiu cao dan ng :
H = s2.nc = 0,028.14 = 0,39m
Chon
s2 = (1,11,15).dng = 0,028 m
Vn tc khng kh thc t trong thp :

kk
Trcng :
mkk
11,85
1,87 m / s
kk .Fkk 1,075.5,88
Fkk : din tch khng kh i qua.

Fkk= 2.l(B-dng.z) = 2.2,8(1,4-0,025.14) = 5,88m 2
Tng s ng mi dan :
n = nc.z = 14.15 = 210 ng.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 76
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Din tch mt ct ngang cua thit b :

S = B.l = 1,4.2,8 = 3,92 m2.
Mt mui phun :
20 mui/m2.
S mui phun : N = 20.3,92= 79 mui.
7.2. Tnh thit k dan bay hi tu ng gi 250kg/me

Dan bay hi la 1 thit b trao i nhit chnh trong h thng lnh. Trong h
thng lnh nay ta chon phng php x ly lnh la bay hi trc tip, khng
kh chuyn ng cng bc qua dan lnh nh cc qut gi. Mi cht NH 3 si
trong cc dan ng thp c cnh tan nhit tng cng kha nng trao i
nhit cua thit b.
+ Cc s liu ban u:
Nng sut lnh:
Qo = 21,7 KW.
Nhit bung:
tb = -33oC
S thay i trng thi cua khng kh trong bung lnh c biu din trn th
i-d
I1
I (kJ/kG)
t1
I2
t2
Iv
tv
dv
d2
d1
d(g/kG)
Hnh 7 - 2: TH I-d BIU DIN S THAY I TRNG THI

KHNG KH TRONG BUNG LNH
im 1: trng thi khng kh vao dan lnh.
im 2: trng thi khng kh ra khoi dan lnh.
im v: trng thi khng kh ti b mt dan lnh.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 77
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Gc nghing cua cc ng thng c biu din bi phng trnh:
i i
i1 i2
1 v
d1 d 2 d1 d v
Ly nhit khng kh vao va ra khoi dan lnh la:

t1 = - 34oC
t2 = - 32oC
Xc nh thng s cua khng kh vao dan lnh

t1 = - 32oC m 1 = 0,9
d1 = 1 . d1 = 0,9 . 0,188 . 103 = 0,17 . 103 kg/kg
Vi d1: cha hi cua khng kh bao hoa
i1 = ik1 + 1 . i1 = -32,19 + 0,9 . 0,46= - 31,7KJ/kg
Thng s khng kh ra khoi dan lnh
t2 = -34oC m 2 = 0,95
d2 = 2 . d2 = 0,95 . 0,15 . 103 = 0,14 . 103 kg/kg
Vi d2: cha hi cua khng kh bao hoa
i2 = ik2 + 2 . i2 = -34,2 + 0,95 . 0,37 = -33,84 KJ/kg
Trong : d1, ik1, i1, d2, ik2, i2 tra bang 7-10 TL2
T s nhit m:
i1 i 2
31,7 33,84
71333
d 1 d 2 0,17 0,14 .10 3
Nhit b mt dan lnh tv c xc nh bng phng php th tm quan h

f tv
i1 iv
d1 d v
S b ta ly mt vai gi tr tv ve ng cong = f(tv)

Khi tv = -36oC th: iv = -35,68 KJ/kg
dv = v . dv = 1.0,12.103 = 0,12.103 kg/kg
dv = v . dv = 1.0,11.103 = 0,11.103 kg/kg
dv = dv = 0,1.103 kg/kg
Lp bang:
tv(oC)
-38
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
-37
-36
Trang 78
AN TT NGHIP
i1 iv
d1 d v
Thit k h thng lanh

36425
51687
53478
5347
8
5168
7
=713
33
3642
tv,0C
5
-38
-37
-36
Hnh 7 -3: XC NH NHIT B MT DAN LNH t V BNG TH
ng vi gi tr = 71333 a tm c ta xc nh c trn th nhit vch:
tvt = -37,05oC -37oC
c tnh cua b mt truyn nhit: cc ng trao i nhit dan lnh, lam bng
thp c cnh phng toa nhit hnh tron. Cc ng c b tr song song
trong chum ng
ng knh ngoai d1 = 25 mm.
ng knh trong d2 = 21 mm.
Bc cnh
SC = 10 mm.
B day ng
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
C = 0,3 mm.
Trang 79
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
Bc ng theo chiu cao va chiu su S1 = S2 = 50 mm

Chiu cao cnh
hC = 12 mm.
Din tch cnh trn mt mt chiu dai ng

D 2 d1 2
.n
4
4
Fe 2
(6-2)
S1
2 hC hC d 1 .
2
0,101
2. . 0,012 2 0,012.0,025 .
= 0,279 m2/m
1
Vi n = S la s cnh trn mt mt dai ng

C
Din tch b mt ng gia cc cnh

F0 .d1 1 C
SC
(6-3)
0,0003
= .0,025 1 0,01 0,076n 2 / m
Din tch b mt bn trong cua 1m ng

F2 = .d22 .l
(6-4)
= .0,021 .l = 0,066 m2/m

H s lam cnh c xc nh theo
=
=
F F0
F
C
F2
F2
(6-5)
0,279 0,0762 0,3552
5,4
0,066
0,066
Tr s Nutselt:
Nu = C.Cz.Cc.1-m.Ren
(6-6)
i vi chum ng b tr song song ta c:

C = 0,18
m = 0,7
Cz = 1: khi s hang ng theo chiu chuyn ng cua khng kh
z>4 ng.
S d
Cc = 1 1 1 (v S1 = S2)
S 2 d1
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 80
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
F c F0
0,3552
4,2
F1
.0,025
1 =
n = 0,6.10,07 = 0,6.4,520,07 = 0,667

Chiu dai quy c cua ng:
lq =
F0
FC
2
.d1
. 0,785 D 2 d1
FC F0
FC F0
lq =
0,0762
0,279
.0,025
. 0,785 0,05 2 0,05 2
0,3552
0,3552
(m)
(6-7)
= 0,0443 m.
Chon tc cua khng kh qua dan lam lnh k = 3m/s
Tr s Reynolds se la:
Re =
.l q
3.0,0443
13175
10,08.10 6
(6-8)
Do 500 < Re < 25000 nn tr s Nutselt c xc nh theo phng trnh:

Nu = 0,18.1.1.4,250,7.131750,667 = 35
H s toa nhit v pha khng kh
k
Nu
35.2,14.10 2
16,9
lq
0,0443
W/m2.K
(6-9)
Vi = 2,14.10-2 w/mk: h s dn nhit cua khng kh nhit -33oC

(tra bang 2 TL7)
H s tch m trong trng hp tv < 0oC
1 2880
d1 d 2
t1 t 2
= 1+2880
(6-10)
0,17 0,14.10 3
32 34
1,042
H s toa nhit quy c v pha khng kh

q1
1
1 RC
k .
1
13,15
W/m2.K
Trong ta chon:
1 = 0,005 m
B day lp tuyt :
H s dn cua lp tuyt :
1 = 0,2 W/mk
Nhit tr tip xc gia cnh va ng : Rc = 0,005 m2 0k/W

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 81
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
H s toa nhit v pha khng kh c quy i theo b mt trong cua ng

q2
FC
F
. 0
F2
= q1 F2
[W/m2 0k] (6-11)
Vi :
= 0,85 : h s k n s toa nhit khng ng cua cnh
E = 0,87 : h s hiu qua cua cnh
Thay vao biu thc (6-11) ta c :
0,279
0,0762
q2 = 13,15 0,066 .0,87.0,85 0,066 = 66,3 W/m2 0k
Mt dong in v pha khng kh quy i theo b mt trong cua ng

qtr = q2 (tb - tv)
= 66,3(-33+37) = 265W/m2
(6-12)
Din tch b mt trong ng:

Ftr
Q0
21,7.10 3
81,8 m2
qtr
265
Lu lng khng kh i qua dan lnh:

G0
Q0
i1 i2
21,58
10,1
31,7 33,84
kG/s
(6-13)
Lu lng th tch khng kh i qua dan lnh

Vk
Gk
10,1
6,95 m3/s
k 1,452
(6-14)
Vi k = 1,452 kG/m3 khi lng ring cua khng kh nhit t = -33 0C

(Tra bang 7-10 TL2)
Din tch tit din khng kh i qua:
fk
Vk 6,95
2,31 m2
Din tch truyn nhit cua mt cm ng:

Ftr f k .
S1
.d 2
2. c .hc
d1
S c
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
(6-15)
Trang 82
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh

3,14.0,021
2,31.
2.0,3.10 3.0,012
0,05 0,025
0,01
3,95
m2
S cm ng t song song trong dan lnh:

Ftr
81,8
20,7
F 'tr 3,95
Chon z = 21
Chiu dai ng trong mt cm:
L1
fk
2. c .hc
S1 d1
Sc
(6-16)
2,31
2.0,3.10 3.0,012
0,05 0,025
0,01
95,1
S hang ng trong 1 cm:

m
Vi K
L1
S1 .K
95,1
0,05.K
B
H
Khi K
B
1 th m = 35,3
H
Khi K
B
1,5 th m = 28,6
H
Khi K
B
2 th m = 24,7
H
Chon m = 27 Suy ra
95,1
2,6
0,05.27 2
Chiu dai cua mt ng trong cm:

l
L1 95,1
3,52 m
m
27
Cc kch thc hnh hoc cua dan lnh:

Chiu dai
L = l + lf
= 3,52 + 0,5 = 4,02 m
Chiu rng
B = S2.Z + bf
= 0,05.21 + 0,5 = 1,55 m
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 83
AN TT NGHIP
Chiu cao
Thit k h thng lanh
H = S1.m + hf
= 0,05.27 + 0,2 = 1,55 m
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 84
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG VIII
TNH THIT K VA
CHON THIT B PH
8.1
Tnh ton thit k bnh trung gian c ng xn
8.1.1. Nhim v cua bnh trung gian:

- Kh qu nhit cua hi ra khoi xylanh h p giam cng tiu hao
cho xylanh cao p.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 85
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
- Lam lnh cht long cua tc nhn lnh trc khi i vao van tit lu
n nhit gn hc bng nhit bao hoa p sut trung gian giam tn tht
nhit trong van tit lu.
- Tch mt phn du ra khoi hi.
8.1.2 u nhc im cua bnh trung gian c ng xn so vi bnh
trung gian khng c ng xn:
-u im:
+ Long vao bnh bay hi khng b ln du cua hi do my nn h
p em ti. y la u im rt ln v vn hanh v trnh c du cp h p qunh
c do nhit thp bm trn b mt lam giam hiu sut trao i nhit ng k cua
bnh bay hi.
+ Tit lu t Pk n P0 nn c th a i xa v hiu p ln.
-Nhc im: la nng sut lnh ring nho hn v hiu nhit qu lnh khng t c
n nhit trung gian.
8.1.3. Cc thng s ban u:
- Tc nhn lnh
NH3
- Nhit cua long NH3 khi vao bnh trung gian
tw1 = 390C
- Nhit cua long khi ra khoi bnh trung gian
tw2 = -30C
- chnh Entanpi cua long NH3 trong bnh

kJ/kG
hw = 196,6
- Ph tai nhit cua bnh ngng
Qk = 337,4KW
Cu to cua chum ng xn nh sau:

ng knh vo ngoai cua ng:
dng = 0,025 m
ng knh trong cua ng:
dtr = 0,02 m
Loi ng trn bng Thp to thanh 4 chum ng xn lng vao nhau

vi ng knh trung bnh cua ng xn la:
D1 = 0,3 m, D2 = 0,4 m, D3 = 0,5 m, D4 = 0,5 m.
Ph tai nhit cua chum ng xn trong bnh trung gian: Q x
+ Lu lng cua long ra khoi dan ngng:
Qk = G.Ctb.t
G
Qk
C tb .t
T nhit trung bnh cua hi trc khi vao dan ngng va sau khi
ra khoi dan ngng: t tb
100 39
70 0 C Ctb = 5,32 kJ/kG.
2
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 86
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
t = t4 - t5 = 100 - 39 = 610C
66
0,2
5,32.61
kG/s
+ Lu lng long i trong ng xn:

Gx = G - G 1
G1_ la lng long i qua van tit lu 1 lam mt hoan toan hi
trung gian va long i trong ng xn .
G1 = m1(+)
m1 = m1IQF + m1TG + m1TTX + m1MV
= 0,055 + 0,015 + 0,089 + 0,045
= 0,2 kG/s
h2 h3 h5 h6
h3 h7 h3 h7
G1 m1
682,8 486,2
1955 1763,3
0,2
0,09
1763,3 687,6 1763,3 687,6
kG/s
Lu lng long i trong ng xn:

Gx = 0,2 - 0,09 = 0,108 kG/s
t = 39 - (-3) = 420C
Vi
Tnh cht nhit vt ly cua NH3 long nhit trung bnh:

tx
t x1 t x 2 39 3
18 0 C
2
2
= 607,42 kG/m3
= 0,45 W/m
Cp = 4,7 kJ/kG
= 0,245.10-6 m2/s
Pr = 1,432
Vy ph tai nhit cua chum ng xn i trong bnh trung gian:

Qx = 0,108.4,7.42 = 36,74 KW
Vn tc cua NH3 chuyn ng trong ng xn:
G
0,108
0,244
2
m/s
.d tr
607,42.3,14.0,02 2
.
.4
4
T :
Re
.d tr
v
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 87
AN TT NGHIP
Thit k h thng lanh
0,244.0,02
19918
0,245.10 6
Nu = 0,021.Re0,8.Pr0,43.1
= 0,021.199180,8.1,4320,42.1
= 67,4
y 1 = 1 v l/dtr >= 50
-
H s toa nhit v pha NH3 long khi cha c hiu chnh:

Nu.
67,4.0,45
1517 W/m2.K
d tr
0,02
'w
Bn knh un cong trung bnh cua cc chum ng xn:

R
D1 D2 D3 D4 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
0,225 m
8
8
H s hiu chnh ng xn:

x 1 1,8
d tr
R
1 1,8
0,02
1,16
0,225
H s toa nhit v pha NH3 long sau khi a hiu chnh:

w = w.x = 1517.1,16 = 1760 W/m2.K
-
chnh nhit trung bnh logarit cua bnh trung gian:

m
t w1 t w 2
39 3
19,12 0 C
t w1 t tg
39 6
ln
ln
3 6
t w 2 t tg
Mt dong nhit v pha NH3 long:

m a
1
i
w
i
q wtr
Chon
0,8.10 3 m2.R/W
q wtr
19,12 a
1
0,8.10 3
1760
= 730,9.(19,2 - a)
Mt dong nhit pha ngoai ng (NH3 si) c qui i theo b mt trong ng:
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 88
AN TT NGHIP
q at 580.
Thit k h thng lanh

d ng
d tr
. a
1, 667
580.
0,025 1, 667
1, 667
. a
725. a
0,02
Giai phng trnh:

qwtr = qatr
730,9(19,12 - a) = 725.a1,667
19,12 - a = 0,99.a1,667
a = 3 0C
T , suy ra:
qwtr = 730,9.(19,12 - 3) = 11782 W/m2
Din tch truyn nhit cua ng xn:
Ftr
Qtg .10 3
qtr
36,74.10 3
31,2 m2
11782
Tng chiu dai ng xn:

Ftr
3,12
49,7 m
.d tr 3,14.0,02
S vong xn trn mi chum ng:

n
L
. D1 D2 D3 D4
49,7
3,14. 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6
= 8,79 vong
Chon n = 9 vong
Chiu cao cc chum ng xn nu vong nay cch vong kia la
= 5 mm
H = n.dng + (n-1).
= 9.25 + (9-1).5 = 265 mm
Chon bnh trung gian:
Din tch cua ng xn i trong bnh:
F = L..d = 49,7.3,14.0,02 = 3,121 m2
Tra bang 8.19 TL1 Trang 226
Ta chon Bnh trung gian k hiu: 60C3
Thng s ky thut cua bnh:
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 89
AN TT NGHIP
- Kch thc:
Thit k h thng lanh
DxS
600 x 8 mm
150 mm
2800 mm
Din tch b mt ng xn: 4,3 m2
Th tch bnh:
Khi lng:
0,67 m3
570 kG
8.2.Tnh ton va chon bnh cha cao p:

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
Bnh cha cao p c b tr ngay sau dan ngng t dung cha

long cao p, giai phng b mt trao i nhit cho dan ngng t, duy tr
s cp long lin tc cho van tit lu. Thng n c t di dan ngng va c cn
bng p sut vi dan ngng bng cc ng ng cn bng hi va long.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
H thng lnh s dng mi cht lnh la NH3 nn ta chon bnh cha

nm ngang.
1_ ng long ra
6_ Thn bnh
2_
3_
4_
5_
7_ ng thuy sng
8_ Rn du
9_ bnh1
Ni lp van an toan
Ni lp p k
ng long vao
ng cn bng
6
7
Theo qui nh v an toan th bnh cha cao p phai cha c 60%

th tch cua toan b h thng dan bay hi cp long t di ln i vi h thng
lnh c dung bm cp mi cht long.
8.2.1. Tnh ton
Th tch cua bnh cha cao p c th chon nh sau:
V = (15002250).G.v , m3
(TL4 Trang336)
Trong :
V_ Th tch cua bnh cha cao p, m3
G_ Lng tc nhn lnh i qua bnh cha cao p, kG/s
v_ Th tch ring cua cht long nhit tK, m3/kG
G = 0,2 kG/s
tK = 390C v = 0,0017 m3/kG (Theo TL4 trang 583)
V = 2250.0,2.0,0017 = 0,77 m3
8.2.2. Chon bnh cha cao p:
(Bang 8-17 TL1 Trang 264)
Chon loi bnh cha cao p nm ngang c k hiu: 1,5PB
Cc thng s cua bnh cha:
DxS
L
800 x 8 mm
3790 mm
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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H
810 mm
700 kG
Thit k h thng lanh
Dung tch cua bnh cha: 1,5 m3
8.3. Bnh tch long

Bnh tch long c s dung trong h thng lnh dung mi cht NH 3.
N c nhim v tch mi cht long ra khoi hi ht v my nn trng
thi bao hoa kh trnh nguy c gy va p thuy lc my nn.
*Nguyn ly hot ng cua bnh tch long:
Hi m t dan bay hi vao bnh tch long nh s thay i phng
chuyn ng mt cch t ngt lam vn tc dan hi giam nhiu (0,5m/s). Cho
nn cc giot long va du cha trong dong hi khi vao bnh b ri xung
di va tra v dan lnh, con hi kh c my nn ht v. ngn nga du
c th ri vao dan lnh ngi ta b tr ng dn NH 3 long cao hn mc du
trung bnh.
Bnh tch long c b tr u ht cua my nn va c th cao hn
hc thp hn dan lnh. Bn ngoai bnh c boc cch nhit. Bnh tch
long c chon theo ng knh cua u ht my nn.
1
4
1 - Thn bnh
2 - ng long mi cht vao.
3 - Tm chn.
4 - ng xa long
5 - Hi mi cht ra.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
Theo bang 7-4. TL4 ta chon:

Mt bnh c cc kch thc sau cho t my nn My vay:
ng knh bnh
D xS = 426 x 10 mm
Chiu cao
H = 1750 mm
ng knh ng ht
d = 70 mm
ng NH3 long vao
d1 = 20 mm
ng NH3 long ra
d2 = 40 mm
Khi lng
M = 210 kG
8.4 Bnh tch du
1 - Thanh bnh
2 - ng hi mi cht
vao.
3 - Tm chn.
4 - Li chn du.
5 - ng hi mi cht ra.
6 - ng xa du
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Thit k h thng lanh
Do mi cht va du bi trn khng hoa tan c vi nhau, khi du bi trn ri

vao cc thit b trao i nhit to thanh mt lp du bm tn b mt trao i nhit
lam giam h s truyn nhit cua chng. am bao ph tai nhit cua
thit b bt buc phai tng nhit gia cc mi cht lam vic, tng nhit ngng t
va giam nhit si cua mi cht lnh. Khi lam giam nng sut lnh va
tng tiu hao in nng cua my lnh. Do vy giam lng du ri vao cc
thit b trao i nhit, trn u y gia bnh ngng va my nn, gia bnh
trung gian va my nn ta phai b tr mt bnh tch du.
Trong h thng nay ta b tr 2 bnh tch du, 1 bnh cho cp cao p
va mt bnh cho cp trung p.
8.4.1. Bnh tch du cho cp cao p:
8.4.1.1 ng knh bnh tch du
chon theo ng knh ng ni vi my nn
d
4.m3 .v3
, m
.
Trong :
m3_ Lu lng hi cao p,
v3 _ Th tch ring hi nn pha u y my nn , m3/kG
_ Tc hi ng ni vao bnh tch du, m/s
V y la mt h thng lnh trung tm, nn hi sau cc my nn c a
v mt ng ng chung c ng knh la d. Sau ni vi ng vao bnh tch
du.
m3 = m3KL + m3TG + m3TTX + m3MV
= 0,0161 + 0,0131 + 0,011 +0,011
= 0,0512 kG/s
Th tch ring cua hi nn cao p nhit 1000C theo TL4 trang 535, ta c:
v3 = 3,7081 m3/kG
Theo TL4 th tc hi trong ng dn n bnh tch du thng t 2025 m/s i
vi h thng lnh s dung mi cht NH3. Chon = 20 m/s.
d3
4.0,0512.3,7081
0,11
3,14.20
8.4.1.2 Tnh chiu day cua bnh

Chiu day cua bnh cha c xc nh tho cng thc:

P.Dt
C
2,3. . P
Trong :
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
P_ Ap sut thit k, kG/cm2

( i vi phn cao p chon P= 19,5 kG/cm2)
Dt_ ng knh trong cua bnh, mm
_ ng sut cho php cua vt liu bnh.
(i vi Thp CT3 500Cth =1133kG/cm2)
_ H s tnh ti phng php han ng
( i vi ng (thn)han: = 0,7)
C_ H s d tr. Chon C= 2 mm

19,5.110
24
2,3.1133 .0,7 19,5
mm
8.4.2 Bnh tch du cho cp trung p:

trnh hin tng du trung p vao bnh trung gian va bm trn
b mt ng xn lam h s trao i nhit gia long qu lnh va long trung
p, th hi trung p trc khi i vao bnh trung gian ta b tr mt bnh tch
du.
Bnh tch du c chon theo ng knh ng ni vi my nn
d
4.m1 .v1
, m
.
Trong :
m1_ Lu lng hi trung p,
v1 _ Th tch ring hi nn pha u y my nn , m3/kG
_ Tc hi ng ni vao bnh tch du, m/s
Ta c:
m1 = 0,038 kG/s
Th tch ring cua hi nn cao p nhit 770C theo sch TL3 ta c: v3 =

3,47 m3/kG
Chon tc hi i trong ng la 5 m/s
d3
4.0,038.3,47
0,092
3,14.5
+ Tnh chiu day cua bnh

Chiu day cua bnh cha c xc nh tho cng thc:

P.Dt
C , mm
2,3. . P
Trong :
P_ Ap sut thit k, kG/cm2
( i vi phn trung p chon P= 16,5 kG/cm2)
Dt_ ng knh trong cua bnh, mm
_ ng sut cho php cua vt liu bnh.
(i vi Thp CT3 500Cth =1133kG/cm2)
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
_ H s tnh ti phng php han ng

( i vi ng (thn)han: = 0,7)
C_ H s d tr. Chon C= 2 mm
16,5.92
23
2,3.1133 .0,7 16,5
mm
8.5 Bnh cha du:

Bnh cha du dung gm du t bnh tch du, t cc rn du
cua cc thit b. Bnh cha du c t nm ngang, c ng ni vi ng xa
du cua thit b, ng ni vi ng ht v my nn va ng xa du c trang
b p k. Du c xa v bnh nh chnh lch p sut. Ap sut trong bnh
giam xung khi m van trn ng ni vi ng ht. Ap sut cao nht cho php
cua bnh la 1,8MPa.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
8.6 Bnh cha h p

Bnh cha h p c s dng trong cc my lnh NH 3 theo s c
s dng cung cp NH 3 long cho cc dan lnh va c b tr v pha h
p. Trong bnh cha lun lun c mt lng long NH 3 nht nh am bao s
lam vic an toan cho bm NH3 long.
7
1_ ng long cao p tit lu vao

2,4_ ng hi h p t cc thit b cp ng v
3_ ng hi h p ht v my nn
5_ Ni lp van an toan
6_ Ni lp p k
7_ ng thuy sng va van phao gi mc
8_ ng cp long h p cho cc thit b cp ng (S dng bm dch)
9_ Chn bnh
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Thit k h thng lanh
CHNG IX
KIM TRA TH KN
VA TH BN H THNG
9.1. Kim tra th kn :

H thng c cn chnh bng cc dng c o t va kim tra chuyn dung
nhm am bao cho h thng hot ng ng vi cc yu cu a ra trong thit
k.
-Kim tra kn, ro r h thng ng ng ga, ng ng nc. Kim tra kha
nng chu p lc cua h thng ng ga, ng nc. Cc bc kim tra nay phai
tun thu ng v an toan ky thut h thng lnh.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 99
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Thit k h thng lanh
-Kim tra cch in, s ro r in cua cc thit b in, h thng cp va dy

in. Kim tra ngun in 3 pha t tu in chnh cua nha my cung cp vao
h thng lnh. Kim tra chiu quay cua cc m t in trong h thng.
-Kim tra kn gi lnh cua tu cp ng gi, tu cp ng tip xc va
kho lnh.
-Kim tra cc thit b bao v trong h thng a c lp t ng, chc chn, a
c u ni ng dy in, ng tn hiu.
-H thng sau khi lp t c tin hanh th kn toan b bng kh nn. ng
thi c kim tra tin cy sau khi lp t thng qua vic th bn toan b h thng
bng kh nn.
-Qu trnh th kn : tng dn p sut ng thi quan st ng ng va
thit b, khi t n tr s 0.6 p sut th th khng tng na quan st. Sau
tng p sut n tr s p sut th bn thp p kim tra kn bn thp p. Tip tc
tng p sut n tr s p sut th bn cao p kim tra kn bn cao p. Cui cung
gi tr s p sut th nay trong thi gian 24 gi, trong 6 gi u p sut c
th giam xung khng qu 10 %, trong cc gi cui p sut phai khng thay
i.
9.2. Th bn.
Cc bc kim tra nay c tun thu ng v an toan va ky thut
cua h thng lnh, c th nh sau :
-Th bn va th kn toan b h thng bng kh nn trung gian.
-Qu trnh th bn : khi th bn gi p sut th trong thi gian
5 pht, sau h dn n p sut lam vic va tin hanh kim tra.
-H thng c xc nh la am bao tin cy v mt an toan: sau khi
th kn va th bn phai khng c vt rng nt, khng ro r, khng bin
dng.
*Ap sut th bn bng kh c qui nh nh sau:
+ i vi bn cao p:
+ i vi bn thp p:
-
Pt= 25Kg/cm2
Pt= 15Kg/cm2
Ap sut th kn c qui nh nh sau:

+ i vi bn cao p:
+ i vi bn thp p:
Pt= 18Kg/cm2
Pt= 13Kg/cm2
Sau khi cng tc kim tra cn chnh h thng la vic chy th nghim thu.
Tin hanh vn hanh h thng va thc hin cc cng vic hiu chnh cc
thit b lnh trn h thng ga am bao cng sut lnh cho cc ph tai ng
theo thit k. ng thi tip tc kim tra cc thng s v gi cua cc dan lnh,
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
nhit cua cc ph tai, bin p va dong in qua cc thit b lnh khi h

thng vn hanh c tai.
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 101
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Thit k h thng lanh
BANG K HIU CC THNG S

STT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
K hiu
T
CN
dn
K
Q
F
i
M
C
q
Q0
Qk
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Vtt
Vlt
l
Ns
P
N
Nu
Re
Pr
G
Giai thch
Nhit
m
Chiu day cch nhit
H s toa nhit
H s dn nhit cua vt liu cch nhit
H s truyn nhit
Dong nhit
Din tch
Entanpi
Khi lng
Nhit dung ring
Dong nhit ring
Cng sut lnh
Dong nhit toa ra thit b ngng
t
Th tch ht thc t cua my nn
Th tch ht ly thuyt cua my nn
Cng nn ring
Cng nn on nhit
H s cp cua my nn
H s lam lnh
Ap sut
Cng sut cua ng c in
Tr s Nutselt
Tr s Renolds
Hng s Prng
Lu lng
Vn tc
nv
0
C
%
m
W/m2K
W/mK
W/m2K
W
m2
kj/kG
Tn
kj/kGK
kj/kG
W
W
m3
m3
kJ/kG
/
/
bar
KW
/
/
/
kG/s
m/s
TAI LIU THAM KHAO

Ky hiu
Tai liu
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Tn Tc Gia
Trang 102
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Thit k h thng lanh
TL1
Hng dn TK h thng lnh
Nguyn c Li
TL2
Mi cht lnh
Nguyn c Li-Phm Vn Tuy
TL3
My lnh
Trn Thanh Ky
TL4
Ky thut lnh c s
Nguyn c Li
TL5
Bai tp ky thut lnh
Nguyn c Li-Phm Vn Tuy
TL6
Thit b trao i nhit
Bui Hai-D..Hng-Ha
Mnh Th
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 103
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Thit k h thng lanh
MC LC
CHNG I: DY CHUYN CNG NGH CH BIN THUY SAN XUT KHU...............2
1.1. Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin thuy san xut khu.............................3
1.1.1. Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin tm xut khu....................................3
1.1.2.Quy trnh ch bin mc Block.....................................................4
1.1.3.Quy trnh ch bin c FILE.........................................................5
1.2 Tip nhn, bao quan va vn chuyn tm, c , mc nhin liu..............6
1.3 Cc loi thit b trong dy chuyn san xut.....................................8
1.4 Cc s liu v kh tng........................................................................9
1.5 Cc s liu v ch x ly lnh san phm............................................9
1.6 Cc s liu v ch bao quan san phm.......................................10
1.7 Chon phng php xp d hang....................................................10
CHNG II: CHON PHNG PHP LAM LNH.............................................11
2.1.i vi kho lnh bao quan.............................................................12
2.2.Thit b kt ng..................................................................................12
2.2.1. Thit b kt ng kiu tip xc..........................................................12
2.2.2. Thit b kt ng kiu bng chuyn IQF............................................13
2.2.3 Tu ng gi...........................................................................14
2.2.4. My vay 10 T/ngay.........................................................14
CHNG III: THIT K TH TCH, MT BNG VA KCH THC TU NG TIP XC, TU
NG GIO , DY CHUYN IQF, MY VAY.................................................15
3.1 Thit k tu cp ng tip xc 1000kg/me..........................................16
3.1.1 Cc thng s chi tit...................................................................16
3.1.2 Tnh kch thc tu cp ng 1000kg/me.....................................16
3.2.Thit k tu ng gi 250kg/me:......................................................19
3.2.1 Cc thng s chi tit..................................................................19
3.2.2.Tnh kch thc tu ng gi.........................................................19
3.2.3. Hnh ve tit din tu ng gi...................................................20
3.3.Tnh kho cha vay....................................................................21
3.3.1.Thng s ky thut.....................................................................21
3.3.2. Th tch kho vay.................................................................22
3.3.3. Din tch cht tai.....................................................................22
3.3.4. Tai trong trn 1m2 din tch nn kho.......................................22
3.3.5. Din tch lnh cn xy dng......................................................22
3.3.6. B tr kho cha vay.............................................................22
3.4. Tnh kch thc cho tu ng kiu bng chuyn IQF..............................23
CHNG IV: CCH NHIT, CCH M.............................................................25
4.1.Tnh ton cch nhit cch m cho my vay va kho cha vay
..........................................................................................................26
4.1.1.My vay :..........................................................................26
4.1.2.Kho cha vay.....................................................................27
4.2. Cch nhit cch m cho tu ng tip xc 1000Kg/me:....................29
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
4.3. Cch nhit cch m cho tu ng gi 250Kg/me.............................31

4.4. Cch nhit cch m IQF.................................................................32
CHNG V: TNH TON CN BNG NHIT......................................................34
5.1.Tnh nhit cho tu ng tip xc 1000Kg/me....................................35
5.1.1.Dong nhit tn tht ra mi trng bn ngoai..............................35
5.1.2. Dong nhit do san phm toa ra..........................................36
5.1.3.Tn tht nhit do thng gi..........................................................37
5.1.4.Tn tht do vn hanh................................................................37
5.1.4.1.Tn tht do chiu sng tu......................................................37
5.1.5.Xc nh tai nhit cho thit b va cho my nn........................38
5.2.Tnh nhit cho tu cp ng gi 250 Kg/me......................................39
5.2.1.Dong nhit tn tht ra mi trng bn ngoai..............................39
5.2.2. Dong nhit do san phm toa ra..........................................39
5.2.3.Tn tht nhit do thng gi..........................................................41
5.2.4.Tn tht do vn hanh...................................................................41
5.2.5.Xc nh tai nhit cho thit b va cho my nn........................42
5.3.Tnh nhit cho my vay.............................................................43
5.3.1.Dong nhit lam ng Q2......................................................43
5.3.2.Dong nhit tn tht qua kt cu bao che Q1.................................43
5.3.3.Dong nhit tn tht do vn hanh Q4.........................................43
5.4. ..........................................................Tnh nhit cho thit b cp ng IQF
44
5.4.1.Dong nhit tn tht qua kt cu bao che Q1.................................44
5.4.2.Dong nhit do san phm toa ra Q2......................................44
5.4.3.Dong nhit do thng gi Q3.....................................................45
5.4.4.Dong nhit do vn hanh Q4...................................................46
5.5.Bang kt qua ph tai my nn va thit b................................47
CHNG VI: TNH TON CHU TRNH VA CHON MY NN.......................48
6.1.Tnh chu trnh my nn cho tu ng gi, tu ng tip xc, IQF........49
6.1.1.Nhit si cua mi cht...............................................................49
6.1.2.Nhit ngng t cua mi cht.....................................................49
6.1.3.Nhit hi ht v my nn.........................................................49
6.1.4.Nhit qu lnh........................................................................49
6.1.6.S nguyn ly va th............................................................51
6.2. Tnh ton chu trnh.....................................................................54
6.2.1. Tnh ton tu ng tip xc........................................................54
6.2.2. Tnh ton tu ng gi..............................................................57
6.2.3. Tnh ton IQF.........................................................................61
6.2.4Tnh chu trnh cho my vay...............................................64
CHNG VII: TNH TON THIT K THIT B TRAO I NHIT................................73
7.1.Thit k thit b ngng t cua h thng NH3 :......................................74
7.1.1. c im......................................................................................74
7.1.2. Chon thit b ngng t.............................................................74
7.1.3.Tnh ton thit k bnh ngng :..................................................74
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
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Thit k h thng lanh
7.2. Tnh thit k dan bay hi tu ng gi 250kg/me............................78

CHNG VIII: TNH THIT K VA CHON THIT B PH.....................................87
8.1 Tnh ton thit k bnh trung gian c ng xn...............................88
8.1.1. Nhim v cua bnh trung gian:............................................88
8.1.2 u nhc im cua bnh trung gian c ng xn so vi bnh trung
gian khng c ng xn:......................................................................88
8.1.3. Cc thng s ban u:...............................................................88
8.2.Tnh ton va chon bnh cha cao p:.........................................93
8.2.1. Tnh ton...............................................................................94
8.2.2. Chon bnh cha cao p:.......................................................94
8.3. Bnh tch long.........................................................................95
8.4 Bnh tch du............................................................................96
8.4.1. Bnh tch du cho cp cao p:..............................................97
8.4.2 Bnh tch du cho cp trung p:...........................................98
8.5 Bnh cha du:............................................................................99
8.6 Bnh cha h p.........................................................................100
CHNG IX: KIM TRA TH KN VA TH BN H THNG.............................101
9.1. Kim tra th kn :........................................................................102
9.2. Th bn...................................................................................102
BANG K HIU CC THNG S................................................................104
TAI LIU THAM KHAO......................................................................105
Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1
Trang 106

Đồ Án Thiết Kế Tủ Cấp Đông Gió 250Kgmẻ, Tủ Đông Tiếp Xúc 1000Kgmẻ, Hệ Thống Cấp Đông IQF 500Kgh Và Máy Đá Vảy 10T24h Tại Xí Nghiệp Đông Lạnh F86-Đà Nẵng

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Đồ Án Thiết Kế Tủ Cấp Đông Gió 250Kgmẻ, Tủ Đông Tiếp Xúc 1000Kgmẻ, Hệ Thống Cấp Đông IQF 500Kgh Và Máy Đá Vảy 10T24h Tại Xí Nghiệp Đông Lạnh F86-Đà Nẵng

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AN TT NGHIP

Thit k h thng lanh

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

Tip nhn nguyn liu

DY CHUYN CNG NGH

Thit k h thng lanh

Tip nhn nguyn liu

Kho bao quan

Ch bin (ct khoanh)

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

Thit k h thng lanh

1.1.3.Quy trnh ch bin c FILE

Kho bao quan

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

1.2 Tip nhn, bao quan va vn chuyn tm, c , mc nhin liu

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

i vi tm cp ng trong tu cp ng tip xc th khi lnh ng xong, khun c

1.3 Cc loi thit b trong dy chuyn san xut

+ Kho bao quan ng

Bung ch ng, tu ti ng.

Thit b ngng t : dan ngng

Thp giai nhit nc lam mt bnh ngng, my nn .

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

H thng cung cp nc sch cho nha my

1.4 Cc s liu v kh tng

T ta xc nh c nhit , nhit k t (t ) nhit im ong sng ( t ) trn th

1.5 Cc s liu v ch x ly lnh san phm

1.6 Cc s liu v ch bao quan san phm

Thit k h thng lanh

1.7 Chon phng php xp d hang

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

CHON PHNG PHP

2.1. i vi kho lnh bao quan

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

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Thit b cp ng kiu tip xc ( Contact freezer) :san phm ng

Thit b kt ng kiu bng chuyn ( IQF ) :san phm ng ri vi s lng

Tu ng gi : san phm ng ri vi s lng ln

Bng cch cho tm vao tng khun va t ln cc tm kim loi trong

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Thit b kt ng kiu bng chuyn IQF

San phm th sau khi qua v sinh, ch bin bc vo , bo u phn c

i vi thit b cp ng nay san phm c cha trong khay va dng

Thit k h thng lanh

san phm ng lnh gi c nhit thp cang lu oi hoi din tch

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THIT K TH TCH, MT BNG

Nguyn Tn Hung 97N1

Thit k h thng lanh

3.1 Thit k tu cp ng tip xc 1000kg/me

Cc thng s chi tit

Vo tu lam bng Inox, kch thc vo ph thuc vao cc cu trc bn

Kch thc phu b : Dai 290mm x Rng 210mm x Cao

-S plate cht tai n p =