Common emitter amplifier

In electronics, a common-emitter
amplifier is one of three basic singlestage bipolar- junction-transistor(BJT)
amplifier topologies, typically used
as a voltage amplifier.

Ac concepts

Amplifier gain
Input output phase
Ac emitter resistance
Ac beta

Amplifier gain
Current gain
Voltage gain
Power gain

Input output phase

relationship
Current phase:
The input and
output currents are in phase.
Voltage phase:
The input and output
voltages are 180 degree out of phase.

The ac emitter resistance

Def:

The dynamic resistance of the

transister base emitter junction used in
voltage and input impedance
calculations.
formula for this relation is as follows.
RE=25MV\IE.

AC Beta
Def:
It is the ratio of ac collector
current to ac base current.
Formula:
=IC /IB

Swamped amplifier
Def:
an amplifier that uses a
partically bypassed emitter
resistance to increase ac emitter
resistance.
Formula for this relation is;
Av = rc / re + re

Effect of swamping on
Zin
The input of impedence of a transistor
base to equal beta times the ac
resistance of the emitter. The ac
resistance is equal to (r;e + re) for
the swamped amplifier.

Formula for this relation is ;

Zin(base)= hfe (re + re).

Diagram

The effect of swamping on voltage gain stability

The voltage gain of common emitter

amplifier can be affected change in
temperature. The dc current gain of
transistors(Hfe) varies with
temperatutre.
Any change in hfe can affect the
value of Ie and therefore the values
of r and Av

Disadvantages of
swamping
swamp amplifier provides voltage
gain that is relatively stable against
variation in Hfe.
Swamping improves stability but
reduces Av.