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a = (
r r2 )
r + (r + 2r )
- Snelheid in sferische co
ordinaten:
v = (r
r + r + r sin ).
- Sinus en cosinus expansie:
sin(x) = x
x3
+ ...
3!
cos(x) = 1
x2
+ ...
2!
- Goniometrische formules:
cos(s + t) = cos s cos t sin s sin t,
cos(/6) =
3/2,
sin(/6) = 1/2,
cos(/4) = 1/ 2,
sin(/4) = 1/ 2,
cos(/3) = 1/2
sin(/3) =
3/2.
- Vector identiteiten:
a (b c) = (a c)b (a b)c
a (b c) = c (a b) = b (c a)
- Enkele traagheidsmomenten:
circular hoop : I = M a2 ,
2
sfeer : I = M a2 ,
5
1
circular disk : I = M a2 .
2
= 2 (1 + e cos( ))
r
L
with one focus at O.
- The L-formula (applies to both elliptic and hyperbolic orbits):
L2 =
b2
.
a
2a
E=0
(E < 0)
(Ellipse)
(Parabola)
E=+
2a
(E > 0)
(Hyperbola)
1/2
.
( e sin ).
2
2
Hierbij is sin =
b sin
a(1+e cos ) .
- For a respulsive inverse square field the path equation can be written
as
1
= 2 (1 + e cos( ))
r
L
which can only be the far branch of a hyperbola.
- Axisymmetric scattering cross section:
p
dp
() =
.
sin d
Hierbij is p =
qQ
mV 2
2 a3
2 (B + A)3
=
.
- If target particle is initially at rest (lab frame), and the collision is elastic,
we have
cos =
(m1 m2 )u2
2m1 u1
p1 + p2 = 0,
- In the ZM-frame the magnitudes of the initial and final momenta are
related as
2Qm1 m2
02
2
p =p +
.
m1 + m2
3
u2 = v 2 0 + V
sin
,
cos +
2 =
1
and
tan =
+1
1
cot
1
,
2
4
1
E2
=
sin2
2
E0
( + 1)
2
4 2 a3
G(m1 + m2 )
with a the semi-major axis of the relative orbit. This is also the period of
the relative orbit.
- The two body Rutherford scattering formulae are
tan 1 =
4p2 E 2
4q1 q2 pE
,
(1 2 )q12 q22
tan 2 =
2pE
q1 q2 (1 + )
=
16E 2 S(1 + sin2 1 S cos 1 )2
with
S=
1 2 sin2 1
4
1/2
.
x2 = F2 (x1 , x2 , t)
x1 F2 x2 F1
=
r2
x1 F1 + x2 F2
,
r
mi v i
vi
i=1
N
X
i=1
X
ri
ri
mi v i
=
FSi
qj
qj
i=1
dt qj
qj
(1 j n)
P
ri
with Qj = i FSi q
the generalised force corresponding to the coordij
nate qj .
t) is defined as
- The energy function h = h(q, q,
h=
n
X
L
j=1
qj
qj
L.
=0
dt x
x
also satisfies the first order differential equation
x
F
F =c
x
for some value of the constant c. The converse is also true for non-constant
solutions.
f
- Let f = f (u1 , . . . , un ) and let vi = u
for each i = 1, . . . , n. Then the
i
Legendre transform of f to g is defined as
g=
n
X
ui vi f.
i=1
H
,
pj
pj =
H
qj
(1 j n).
(tjk qk + vjk qk ) = 0
(1 j n)
Tq
+ V q = 0.
k=1
de0j
dt
= e0j