Cargo Calculations - Tanker Work

8.07.2020 г.
Cargo Calculations - Tanker Work
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Cargo Calculations – Tanker Work
General
An oil volume can only be measured at its prevailing temperature and it, therefore, follows that the
standard volume must usually be calculated. Unfortunately, different countries have different
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8.07.2020 г. Cargo Calculations - Tanker Work
standard (reference) temperatures.
Generally, the reference temperatures are:
1. In Eastern Bloc, Brazil 20oC;

2. In Western Europe 15oC;
3. In the USA 60oF.
The situation is further confused in that there are primarily two volumetric units, which are:
1. In metric countries the cubic meter (m )

2. In non-metric countries the barrel (Bbl).
Combining a statement of volume with a statement of the reference temperature yields the
following measurement systems
In Eastern Bloc, Brazil m3 at 20oC;
In Western Europe m3 at 15oC;
In the USA US Bbl at 60oF.
It is customary to refer to volumes at the reference temperature as Standard Volumes e.g US

barrels @ 60oF or cubic meters @ 15oC.
However, confusion may arise in the latter case if the reference temperature is not stated (Bill of
Lading and or Certificate of Quantity and or shore Quantity Calculations Certificate).
It should be noted that most crude oils are traded in Barrels.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND UNITS OF

MEASUREMENT
Quantities
1. On Board Quantity (OBQ) : All the oil, water, sludge and sediment in the cargo tanks and
associated lines and pumps on a ship before loading commences.
2. Quantity Remaining On Board (ROB) : All the measurable oil, water, sludge and sediment in
the cargo tanks and associated lines & pumps on a ship after discharging a cargo has been
completed, excluding vapour.
Sediment
Suspended sediment are non-hydrocarbon solids present in the oil but not in solution. Bottom
sediment are non-hydrocarbon solids present in a tank as a separate layer at the bottom. Total
sediment is the sum of suspended and the bottom sediment.
Water
Dissolved water: is the water contained within the oil forming a solution at the prevailing
temperature. Suspended water is the water within the oil which is finely dispersed as small
droplets
Note: It may over a period of time either collect as free water or become dissolved water
depending on the conditions of the temperature and pressure prevailing. Free water is the water
that exists in a separate layer,
Note: It typically lies beneath the oil. Total water is the sum of all the dissolved, suspended and
free water in a cargo or parcel of oil.
Volumes
1. Total Observed Volume (TOV) is the volume of oil including total water and total sediment
measured at the oil temperature and pressure prevailing.
2. Gross Observed Volume (GOV) is the volume of oil including dissolved water, suspended
water and suspended sediment but excluding free water and bottom sediment, measured at
the oil temperature and pressure prevailing.
3. Gross Standard Volume (GSV) is the volume of oil including dissolved water, suspended
water and suspended sediment but excluding free water and bottom sediment, calculated at
standard condition e.g 15oC or 60oF and 1013.25 hPa.
4. Net Observed Volume (NOV) is the volume of oil excluding total water and total sediment at
the oil temperature & pressure prevailing.
5. Net Standard Volume (NSV) is the volume of oil excluding total water and total sediment,
calculated at standard conditions e.g 15oC or 60oF and 1013.25 hPa.
6. Total Calculated Volume (TCV) is the gross standard volume plus the free water measured
at the temperature & pressure prevailing.
7. The Volume Correction Factor (VCF) is the factor depending on the oil type, density or its
equivalent and temperature which corrects oil volumes to the Standard Reference
Temperature (s). (ASTM Tables 54 A, B, C, D or 6 A, B)
Vessel Experience Factor

At the end of a ship loading or discharge operation, it is customary to compare the quantity loaded
or discharged measured on shore with the quantity measured on board the ship. Both the shore
figures & the ship figs will be subject to the effects of random errors and systematic errors so they
are unlikely to agree exactly. The question is: “How closely should they agree?” In a perfect world,
for any given vessel, a constant ratio between the ship’s figure & the shore figures should be
achievable (even if the ship’s tanks are over or under-calibrated). In reality, this ratio is not
constant but varies about a mean value which is known as the vessel’s experience factor. Such
factors are often used at loading ports to provide a convenient means of checking the accuracy of
B/L and ship’s figures. There is no reason why similar techniques cannot be used at the discharge
ports, although in practice this is seldom done.
Institute of Petroleum (IP) Terminology:
1) Vessel Experience Factor (Loading) [VEFL]
The adjusted mean value of the Vessel Loading Ratio(VLR) obtained after several voyages.
2) Vessel Experience Factor (Discharging) [VEFD]
The adjusted mean value of the Vessel Discharge Ratio(VDR) obtained after several voyages.
The IP stipulates that the following types of voyages should not be used when calculating a VEF:
First voyage after dry-dock; Lightening operations; Voyages where the B/L has been based on
shipboard measurement; Voyages prior to any structural modifications which have affected the
vessel’s carrying capacity.
There is also a body of opinion which suggests that part cargoes (less than 80% of the capacity)
should not be considered when calculating a VEF.
Units of Measurements
1. Mass: Mass is a measure of the quantity of material in a body & constant, regardless of
geographical location, altitude, atmospheric conditions or air buoyancy effects.
2. Weight: Weight is accepted as being the value secured when an object is weighed in air.
Now often referred to as ‘apparent mass’, and can be converted to mass by the application
of an air buoyancy correction (Table 56 = weight correction for oils).
3. Gross Weight In Air: Gross Weight in Air is the weight of oil including dissolved water,
suspended water & suspended sediment but excluding free water & bottom sediment.
4. Net Weight In Air: Net Weight in Air is the weight of oil excluding total water & total sediment.
5. Density: The density is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. (typically kg/m3 or
sometimes kg/litre Since density is dependent on temperature & pressure these should be
stated.
6. Density @ 15oC (VACUO): Mass / Unit volume @ 15oC (typically kg/m3 or sometimes
kg/litre)
7. Relative Density @ 60 60oF (Specific Gravity @ 60 60oF): The Relative Density @ 60 60oF
is the density of a substance at 60oF to the density of pure water, also at 60oF = The Density
of a substance @ 60oF ÷ The Density of pure water @ 60oF. Specific Gravity is now
internationally known as Relative Density.
8. API Gravity :
9. Weight Conversion Factor (WCF): The Weight Conversion Factor is a factor dependent on
the density, for converting volumes to weight in air. Such factors shall be obtained from the
API-ISO-ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables (Tab56)
Related Article: Tankscopes - Tanker

Instruments
(All terms according to ISO or International Organisation for Standardisation)
Standard Tables
The 1980 / 1982 edition of the API-ASTM-IP Petroleum Measurement Tables for crude oils,
refined products and lubricating oils (excluding light hydrocarbons, LPG’s and bitumen) are carried
onboard according to the vessel’s trade.
Cargo Calculations in STASCO

Within Shell International Trading & Shipping Co. Ltd. Oil cargo calculations are based on:
1. Metric System
2. Standard Temperature / Pressure 15oC / 1013.5 hPa
3. Weight in Air.
Explanations are given in the Charterer’s Instructions.
Oil quantity calculations should be made with the ASTM Petroleum Measurement Tables (ASTM
Tables).
The equations are as follows:
Volumes at 15oC on board a vessel always GROSS = Gross Volume at 15oC = Gross
Standard Volume; Gross Standard Volume = Gross Standard Volume * Volume Correction
Factor;
Gross Weight In Vacuo (Mass) = Gross Standard Volume * Density @ 15oC (Vacuo). (Gross
Weight in in Vacuo = GSV * Density @ 15oC (Vacuo)
Note: Hydrometers used on board are for density @ 15oC (vacuo).
The cargo statement requires weights in air to be recorded therefore the weight in Vacuo must be
corrected for the buoyancy of air.
Gross Weight In Air = Gross Weight in Vacuo * Weight Correction Factor.
However, weight in vacuo is not normally calculated on board & therefore this part is normally
omitted.
Gross Weight In Air = Gross Standard Volume * Density @ 15oC (Vacuo) * WCF.
Note: Ship’s volume / weight quantities are always GROSS as vessels are unable to determine
the:
1. Dissolved Water;
2. Suspended Water;
3. Suspnded Sediment.
To compare ship’s figures loaded / discharged with shore figures always compare Gross Standard
Volumes.
Manner of Calculations On Board
Total obs volume in m3 at a temperature as observed by vessel Free Water m3 –
Balance Volume m3
Bottom Sediment m3 –
Balance Volume m3 Slops m3 .
Gross Obs Volume in m3 at a temperature as observed by vessel Volume

x
Correction Factor (ASTM Tables 54A, B, C, or D)
Gross Standard Volume in m3 at 15oC
ASTM Tables 52 Factor x
Gross Standard Volume in Bbls at 60oF.
Note: ASTM Table 52 to be used for conversion of m3 at 15oC to Bbls at 60oF (As 15oC is not
equal to 60oF).
Gross Standard Volume in m3 at 15oC
x
Density @ 15oC (Vacuo) * Weight Correction Factor (ASTM Table 56).
Gross Weight In Air in Metric Tonnes.
Refer to the SONAR Operating instructions for more information on cargo calculation methods
used by SONAR.
Ballast Calculations
Use the density of the water to find the WCF in ASTM Table 56.
Conversions in Weight
Use the ASTM Table Volume XI / XII. Note: Be aware of the fact that some terminals use weight in
vacuo (e.g. Shell Netherlands Refinery BV; Pernis / Europort).
ASTM Tables Usage & Procedure of

Calculations
Series I – TABLE 5 & 6 – FOR API, OF, 60OF
Volume I: Generalized Crude Oils (Tables 5A & 6A)
Volume II: Generalized Products (Tables 5B and 6B)
Volume III: Individual and Special Applications (Table 6C)
Series II – TABLE 23 & 24 – FOR RELATIVE DENSITY, oF, 60oF
Volume IV: Generalized Crude Oils (Tables 23A & 24A)
Volume V: Generalized Products (Tables 23B and 24B)
Volume VI: Individual and Special Applications (Table 24C)
Series III – TABLE 53 & 54 – FOR KG/cm3 DENSITY, oC, 15oC
Volume VII: Generalized Crude Oils (Tables 53A & 54A)
Volume VIII: Generalized Products (Tables 53B and 54B)
Volume IX: Individual and Special Applications (Table 54C)
Volume X: Background, Documentation, Program Listings
Volume XI / XII – ASTM D 1250-80 – API standard 2540 and IP Designation 200
apply
Volume XI – ENTRY WITH API GRAVITY
Table 1 Interrelation of Units of Measurement
Table 2 Temperature Conversions
API Gravity at 60oF to Relative Density 60/60oF and to Density at

Table 3
15oC
U.S. Gallons at 60F and Barrels at 60F to Litres at 15C against API
Table 4
Gravity at 60F
Pounds per US Gallon at 60F and US Gallons at 60F per pound

Table 8
against API Gravity at 60F
Short Tons per 1000 US Gallons at 60F and Barrel at 60F against API
Table 9
Gravity at 60F
US Gallons at 60F and Barrels at 60F per Short Ton against API
Table 10
Gravity at 60F
Long Tons per 1000 US Gallons at 60F and per Barrel at 60F against
Table 11
API Gravity at 60F
US Gallons at 60F and Barrels at 60F per Long Ton against API
Table 12
Gravity at 60F
Metric Tons per 1000 US Gallons at 60F and per Barrel at 60F against
Table 13
API Gravity at 60F
Cubic Metres at 15C per Short Ton and per Long Ton against API
Table 14
Gravity at 60F
Volume XII – ENTRY WITH RELATIVE DENSITY
Relative Density 60/60oF to API Gravity at 60oF and to Density at

Table 21
15oC
US Gallons at 60F to Litres at 15C and Barrels at 60F to Cubic Metres

Table 22
at 15C
Pounds per US Gallon at 60F and US Gallons at 60F per Pound

Table 26
against Relative Density 60/60F
Table 27 Short Tons per 1000 US Gallons at 60F and per Barrel at 60F against
Relative Density 60/60F
US Gallons at 60F and Barrels at 60F per Short Ton against Relative
Table 28
Density 60/60F
Long Tons per 1000 US Gallons at 60F and per Barrel at 60F against
Table 29
Relative Density 60/60F
US Gallons at 60F and Barrels At 60F per Long Ton against Relative
Table 30
Density 60/60F
Cubic Metres at 15C per Short Ton and per Long Ton against Relative
Table 31
Density 60/60F
Specific Gravity Reduction to 60F for Liquefied Petroleum Gases and

Table 33
Natural Gasoline
Reduction of Volume to 60F against Specific Gravity 60/60F for

Table 34
Liquefied Petroleum Gases
Table 51 Density at 15C to Relative Density 60/60F and to API Gravity at 60F
Barrels at 60F to Cubic Metres at 15C and Cubic Metres at 15C to

Table 52
Barrels at 60F
Kilograms per Litre at 15C and Litres at 15C per Metric Ton against
Table 56
Density at 15C
Short Tons and Long Tons per 1000 Litres at 15C against Density at
Table 57
15C
Table 58 US Gallons and Barrels per Metric Ton against Density at 15C
Volume XIII: LUBRICATING OILS, TABLES 5D & 6D
Volume XIV: LUBRICATING OILS, TABLES 53D & 54D
Please remember that normally the density or API is provided by the terminal or surveyor in the
load ports and what is used will be dependent on the region/port of loading. For example in USA /
Canada, Persian Gulf, API usage is prevalent, while entire of Europe and Asia use Density at 15C.
However please ascertain, if Density at 15C is provided, whether it is in air or in vacuum. This is
very important when finding out from Table 54, since the density provided there is in Air and hence
same must be used. (Density at 15C in Air = Density at 15C in Vacuum – 0.0011
PROCEDURE OF CALCULATIONS
Working with Density at 15oC in air:
1) Observed Ullage – apply corrections – get Corrected Ullage
2) Observed Interface – apply corrections – get Corrected Interface
3) From Corrected Ullage, find Total Observed Volume TOV (in cubic metres)
4) From Corrected Interface, find Volume of Water (in cubic metres)
5) TOV – Water = Gross Observed Volume (GOV) of Cargo (in cubic metres)
6) Use Density at 15C and Observed Temperature (oC) and find Volume Correction
Factor (VCF) from Table 54
7) Gross Standard Volume (GSV) = GOV x VCF (cubic metres)
8) Weight Correction Factor (WCF) = Density at 15C in vacuum – 0.0011 (or the Density
at 15C in air)
9) Weight in Air (Metric Ton) = GSV x WCF(Density at 15C in air)
10) Weight in Vaccum (Metric Ton) = GSV x Density at 15C in vacuum
Working with API Gravity at 60oF :
3) From Corrected Ullage, find Gross Observed Volume (in US Barrels)
4) From Corrected Interface, find Volume of Water (in US Barrels)
5) GOV – Water = Observed Volume of Cargo (in US Barrels)
6) Use API Gravity at 60F and Observed Temperature (oF) and find Volume Correction
7) Gross Standard Volume (GSV) = Observed Cargo Volume (Barrels) x VCF (in US
Barrels)
8) Find Weight Correction Factor (WCF) from Table 13
9) Weight in Air (Metric Tons) = GSV x WCF
Working with Relative Density at 60/60oF :
3) From Corrected Ullage, find Gross Observed Volume (in cubic metres)
4) From Corrected Interface, find Volume of Water (in cubic metres)
5) GOV – Water = Observed Volume of Cargo (in cubic metres)
6) Use Relative Density at 60/60F and Observed Temperature (oF) and find Volume Correction
7) Gross Standard Volume (GSV) = Observed Cargo Volume (m3) x VCF (in m3)
8) Weight in Air (Metric Ton) = GSV x Relative Density at 60/60F
Total observed volume (TOV)
The total volume of material measured in the tank including cargo (oil or chemical), free water
(FW), entrained sediment and water (S&W), sediment and scale as measured at observed
temperature and pressure.
Free water (FW)
Water layer existing as a separate phase in the tanks, normally detected by water-paste or
interface detector and usually settled at the bottom of the cargo tank depending on relative
density of the cargo.
Sediment & Water (S&W or BS&W)
Entrained material within the oil bulk, including solid particles and dispersed water, also
sometimes known as base sediment and water (BS&W). Expressed always as a percentage of the
total cargo quantity, is found out be collecting average sample of the cargo inline during transfer
and calculated by centrifuge technique in a laboratory.
Gross observed volume (GOV)
It is the Total Observed Volume (TOV) less free water (FW) and bottom sediment, being the
measured volume of product and sediment & water (S&W) at observed temperature and pressure.
Bottom sediment are normally not present on board a chemical or clean oil product tanker and
therefore not deducted whereas it may be present in a dirty oil carrier, but be very difficult to
ascertain.
Gross standard volume (GSV)
It is the measured volume of product and S&W at standard conditions of 15°C and atmospheric
pressure. In practice is the GSV the GOV multiplied by the volume correction factor (VCF)
obtained from the appropriate ASTM/IP Petroleum Measurement Tables.
Net standard volume (NSV)
It is normally applicable only to Crude Oils. NSV is the GSV minus S&W, being a measurement of
the dry oil quantity at standard conditions. For clean oil products and chemicals, the S&W is not
normally included within the receiver’s quality specifications.
The term Weight in Air is that weight which a quantity of fluid appears to have when weighed in
air against standard commercials weights so that each will have a mass (weight in vacuum) equal
to the nominal mass associated with it.
The term Weight in Vacuum refers to the true mass of a fluid.
USE OF WEDGE FORMULA FOR OBQ / ROB CALCULATIONS & FREE WATER
CALCULATIONS
The Wedge Formula is a mathematical mean being used to approximate the small quantities of
liquid and solid cargo and free water on board prior to the vessel’s loading and after her discharge,
based on the dimensions of the individual cargo tank and vessel’s trim. The Wedge Formula is to
be used only when the oil liquid does not touch all bulkheads of the vessel’s cargo tank, that is to
say the liquid oil lying in small pools among the bottom sediment.
In order to standarise the OBQ/ROB calculations on board the Crude Oil carrying tanker vessels,
the following geometric form of the Wedge Formula shall be used and this form of the formula
assumes that the cargo tank is ‘box shaped’ with no internal ‘deadwood’ or pipeline systems,
heating coils etc. that would impact the accuracy of the volume calculated from the sounding.
Furthermore this wedge formula calculation makes the enormous assumption that any ‘liquid’
found in a cargo tank is in the form of a regular wedge shape with its base at the aft bulkhead of
the cargo tank.
It is obvious that such a series of assumptions normally can invalidate the absolute accuracy of
the calculation immediately given, amongst other issues, the shape of the wing tanks (the turn of
the bilge) and in particular those wing tanks at the fore and aft parts of the vessel.
The calculation method for the Geometric edition of the

Wedge Formula:
Assumption: Given the small angle involved with the trim of the vessel, then the ‘Sine’ of an angle
can be considered as the same as the ‘Tangent’ (Tan) of an angle and consequently:
Step 1:
Correct the position of the sounding position with respect to the aft bulkhead of the cargo tank due
to the trim of the vessel, distance = A
A = Tank Reference Height (Observed Height) x Tan X;
where X = the Trim angle of the vessel and;
Tan X = (Aft draft – Forward draft) / Length Between Perpendiculars (L.B.P.) of the vessel.
Step 2:
Determine the distance of the apex of the wedge from the aft bulkhead for obtaining information
whether:
(1) should a Wedge Formula be used at all (kindly note that a wedge formula is not applicable if:
(a) the liquid surface covers the total cargo tank bottom or the calculated apex of the wedge is at
or beyond the forward bulkhead of
the cargo tank or:
(b) it is sludge ROB volumes only);
And
(2) whether the wedge is a regular wedge (which can be checked by comparison with alternative
soundings being taken).
S = Observed Sounding;
F (Distance of the apex of the wedge from the sounding position) = S x Tan X;
E (Distance of the apex of the wedge to the aft bulkhead) = (F – A) + B;
where B is the distance on deck from the point of sounding to the aft bulkhead.
Step 3:
Determine the depth of the wedge at the aft bulkhead of the cargo tank, depth = D; D = E x Tan X
Step 4:
Knowing D (sounding depth at the aft bulkhead) and E (the distance from the aft bulkhead to the
apex of the wedge), then the area of the longitudial cross section of the wedge may be calculated,
thus as the area of a triangle = (Base x Height) / 2 then; (D x E) / 2 = cross sectional area of
wedge.
Step 5:
Having obtained the cross sectional area of the wedge, the volume of the wedge is calculated by
multiplication by the breadth of the cargo tank (please note that the breadth of the cargo tank
should be measured at the bottom of the tank at the aft bulkhead position and not at deck level or
elsewhere within the cargo tank).
Volume of the Wedge = Cross sectional Area x Breadth of Tank
Throughout this calculation it is very important that all distances are in metres. Do not use
centimetres for the observed sounding.
Alternatives:
Regardless above stated requirement, an I.S.O. standard method is also available in the event
that any Cargo Inspector do not accept the geometric edition of the wedge formula. This method
depends upon the accuracy of the vessel’s tank ullage calibration tables for the larger ullages /
smaller soundings in the cargo tank. If the tank calibration tables are accurate for this region of the
cargo tanks, then this method will give added accuracy to the general method of calculating tank
residues after discharge.
This method is as follows:
Step 1:
Calculate DA (the Corrected liquid sounding at the aft bulkhead position); DA = D + {f(Y – (H x f))}
where:
D is the observed liquid sounding;
f is the Trim factor ( TS / LS );
TS is the vessel’s trim;
Y is the distance of the sounding point to the aft bulkhead;
H is the reference height of the cargo tank;
LS is the vessel’s Length Between Perpendiculars.
Step 2:
Calculate Ct (the Tank constant); Ct = LS / ( 2 x TS x Lt ) (where Lt is the Length of the Cargo

Tank).
Step 3:
Calculate the ‘k‘ coefficient; k = DA x Ct
if k > 0.5 wedge is not required to be carried out;
if k = 0.5 wedge must be carried out.
Step 4:
if k > 0.5 then calculate the volume of the liquid contained in the cargo tank from the calibration
tables using the Observed sounding, D, applying the trim corrections.
Step 5:
if k = 0.5 then calculate DX (the wedge sounding). DX = DA / 2
Step 6:
Enter the cargo tank calibration tables with DX, without applying trim corrections to equivalent
volume VO.
Step 7:
Calculate the liquid wedge volume V1; V1 = VO x 2 x k
In addition to above methods it should be noted that if the procedures as specified in the vessel’s
COW manual are being followed for the determination of the ‘Dryness’ of a cargo tank, namely, the
sounding of the residues in four(4) differing locations within the cargo tank, then the foregoing
methods of calculations can be avoided.
Assuming the shape of the individual cargo tanks is fairly regular / constant in a fore and aft
direction and, notwithstanding the fact that the vessel will be significantly trimmed by the stern,
then the four measurements, as suggested in the COW Manual guidelines, as obtained by
sounding can be used to calculate an average sounding so as to obtain a single sounding. The
single average sounding can be used directly in order to obtain an equivalent volume from the
vessel’s tank ullage calibration tables
Such a method will provide a clearer indication as to the type and nature of the residues on the
cargo tank floor as well as provide much clearer indications as to the profile of the residues within
the cargo tanks.
Calculation Credits: Nautraj Tanker Calculations
Related:
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BY CULT OF SEA
FILED UNDER: TANKERS
TAGGED WITH: 15DEGREE, 60DEGREE, AIR, API, ASTM, CARGO, CRUDE, DENSITY, GROSS
WEIGHT, GSV, MASS, OBQ, ROB, SG, SPECIFIC GRAVITY, STASCO, TANKERS, VACUMN, WEIGHT
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3 Leave a Reply
Join the discussion...
1 1 6 2
Näsi Matti J
Would be very nice to get excel sheet to cargo calculations. There must be some awailable but from where
to get it
Guest
0 Reply 1 year ago
Vladimir
You can find variety of cargo software for oil, LPG, LNG and chemicals on the website:
Member
http://surveycalc.com/
0 Reply 6 months ago
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8.07.2020 г.

Cargo Calculations - Tanker Work

HOME KNOWLEDGE BASE COLREG’S (ROR) GLOSSARY CONTACT GUEST AUTHOR

YOU ARE HERE: HOME / TANKERS / CARGO CALCULATIONS – TANKER WORK

Cargo Calculations – Tanker Work

standard (reference) temperatures.

Generally, the reference temperatures are:

1. In Eastern Bloc, Brazil 20oC;

1. In metric countries the cubic meter (m )

In Eastern Bloc, Brazil m3 at 20oC;

In Western Europe m3 at 15oC;

In the USA US Bbl at 60oF.

It is customary to refer to volumes at the reference temperature as Standard Volumes e.g US

It should be noted that most crude oils are traded in Barrels.

GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND UNITS OF

Vessel Experience Factor

Institute of Petroleum (IP) Terminology:

1) Vessel Experience Factor (Loading) [VEFL]

2) Vessel Experience Factor (Discharging) [VEFD]

Related Article: Tankscopes - Tanker

(All terms according to ISO or International Organisation for Standardisation)

Cargo Calculations in STASCO

Explanations are given in the Charterer’s Instructions.

The equations are as follows:

Note: Hydrometers used on board are for density @ 15oC (vacuo).

Gross Weight In Air = Gross Weight in Vacuo * Weight Correction Factor.

Manner of Calculations On Board

Total obs volume in m3 at a temperature as observed by vessel Free Water m3 –

Balance Volume m3 Slops m3 .

Gross Obs Volume in m3 at a temperature as observed by vessel Volume

Gross Standard Volume in m3 at 15oC

ASTM Tables 52 Factor x

Gross Standard Volume in Bbls at 60oF.

Gross Standard Volume in m3 at 15oC

Gross Weight In Air in Metric Tonnes.

ASTM Tables Usage & Procedure of

Series I – TABLE 5 & 6 – FOR API, OF, 60OF

Volume I: Generalized Crude Oils (Tables 5A & 6A)

Volume II: Generalized Products (Tables 5B and 6B)

Volume III: Individual and Special Applications (Table 6C)

Series II – TABLE 23 & 24 – FOR RELATIVE DENSITY, oF, 60oF

Volume IV: Generalized Crude Oils (Tables 23A & 24A)

Volume V: Generalized Products (Tables 23B and 24B)

Volume VI: Individual and Special Applications (Table 24C)

Series III – TABLE 53 & 54 – FOR KG/cm3 DENSITY, oC, 15oC

Volume VII: Generalized Crude Oils (Tables 53A & 54A)

Volume VIII: Generalized Products (Tables 53B and 54B)

Volume IX: Individual and Special Applications (Table 54C)

Volume X: Background, Documentation, Program Listings

Volume XI – ENTRY WITH API GRAVITY

Table 1 Interrelation of Units of Measurement

Table 2 Temperature Conversions

API Gravity at 60oF to Relative Density 60/60oF and to Density at

Pounds per US Gallon at 60F and US Gallons at 60F per pound

Volume XII – ENTRY WITH RELATIVE DENSITY

Relative Density 60/60oF to API Gravity at 60oF and to Density at

US Gallons at 60F to Litres at 15C and Barrels at 60F to Cubic Metres

Pounds per US Gallon at 60F and US Gallons at 60F per Pound

Relative Density 60/60F

Specific Gravity Reduction to 60F for Liquefied Petroleum Gases and

Reduction of Volume to 60F against Specific Gravity 60/60F for

Barrels at 60F to Cubic Metres at 15C and Cubic Metres at 15C to

Volume XIII: LUBRICATING OILS, TABLES 5D & 6D

Volume XIV: LUBRICATING OILS, TABLES 53D & 54D