DESIGN III GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & SAFETY PLAN

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

Calculation of Cargo Handling &

Loading Unloading
Doc. No. 5 – 42 17 100 002 CH

Prepared by Approved by
Rev. Date Remark
Sean Chen Gyarino Ede Mehta Wardhana, ST., MT.
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Calculation of Cargo
Handling & Loading Rev No. 0
Unloading Page 2 of 14

I. INTRODUCTION
Cargo Oil System is a loading and unloading system on tanker. Both types of
vessels are using loading and unloading system by relying on the piping system
because of the type of charge in the form of fluid. This system should be separated
with other piping systems.
At the time of loading to the ship, oil is pumped from the ground using the
facilities contained in the port. At the time of unloading (unloading) using existing
facilities on the ship.

II. OBJECTIVES
The things that we must understand about this document are :
1. Selecting cargo oil pump and stripping pump
2. Calculate total head of cargo oil pump and stripping pump
3. Determine diameter of cargo oil pipe and stripping pipe

III. REFERENCES
1. ANSI B36.10
2. Third Edition – Fluid Mechanics Streeter
3. Grundfos – The centrifugal pump

IV. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Table 4.1 List of Abbreviations
No. Abbreviations Explanation
1. V Volume
2. t Time
3. H Head
4. m Meter
5. mm Milimeter
6. Q Qapacity
7. v Velocity
8. f Friction Coefficient
9. Rn Reynold number
10. g Gravity
11. L Length
12. D Diameter

V. CHAPTER DESCRIPTION
A. Cargo Handling Equipments
Loading unloading activities in tanker ship using equipment system as below.
1. Cargo oil pump
It is the main pumping system that transfers most of the cargo from the ship's
tank to land. Pumps used, Centrifugal pump and Screw displacement pump.
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2. Stripping Pump
It is a pump system that helps cargo pumps suck the remains of the load in
small quantities. Pumps used, Reciprocating pumps and Rotary displacement
pump.
3. Eductor
Is the last tool if the rest of the load is difficult to be sucked with cargo and
stripping pumps.
B. Cargo Pump System
Cargo pump on the tanker is located in deck, inside of cargo tank, or in the
special room named pump room that is separate from another room. Each cargo
tank have two suction:
1. Direct Suction
Is a suction for the tank port located in the entire cargo line port and supplied
port.
2. Indirect Suction
Is suction for cargo port of tank which is in starboard cargo line and supplied
starboard cargo pump.
C. Type of Loading and Unloading System
1. Ring Type
Based on the literature of the Cargo Tanker Work for Maritime Operations
Chapter 5 Tanker cargoes, that is for the planning of this tanker system is used
a system of ring main system where the main ring system is a piping system
designed where each pump can serve each tank of loading space (for more
than one type of payload) Where each has its own main pipe. The basis of this
system is the circular of the pump room around the vessel, with a crossover
line at each arrangement of the tanks. This system is widely used in ships of
"product tankers" where the system follows the many numbers of payloads to
carry without being contaminated. This system is a very useful system where it
allows multiple different combinations of pumps and channels for any tank.

Figure 5.1 Ring main system

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2. Direct Line System

Piping and pumping systems are grouped by type of charge, so that one pump
serves only one type of charge only. The advantage of this system is easy to
operate, because it uses small amount of valve, it is easy to set the valve
system, easy to isolate each part to prevent contamination. While the
disadvantage is difficult if used for multiport discharge and cleaning

Figure 5.2 Direct line system

3. Free Flow System
The piping system is designed to every pump can serve each tank through each
main pipe. The result of this system is to provide a very high speed at the time
of discharge, the weakness of this system is to allow the occurrence of
overflow.

Firgure 5.3 Free flow system

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VI. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Table 5.2 Design Requirements
No. References
1. ANSI B36.10, Carbon, Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipes Specification
2. Grundfos – The centrifugal pump, Chapter 5 Pump losses pg.77
3. Third Edition – Fluid Mechanics Streeter, Fundamental of Fluid Dynamic
Chapter 5

VII. SUMMARY CALCULATION

Table 5.3 Summary Calculation
No. Key of Calculation Summary
1. Diameter of cargo pipe 333.35 mm
2. Diameter of stripping pipe 154.051 mm
3. Head total cargo pump 18.61 m
4. Head total of Striping pump 31.1 m

VIII. DETAIL CALCULATION

1. Calculation of Cargo Pump
Qapacity of cargo pump can be calculated from data volume of payload on
document no. 2 – Gross Tonnage, it is 5334.5 m3. Then it is divided by time to
empty the tanks.
Estimated time to empty the Cargo Oil tanks (t) = 8 hours
Then calculated by formula :
Q = V/t
= 5334.5/8
= 666.8 m3/h
= 0.185 m3/s
Then, calculate main pipe diameter with formula :
dH = ((4 x Q) / (v x π)) 0.5 Flow rate will be used = 2 m/s
= ((4 x 0.185) / (2 x 3.14)) 0.5

= 0.343478 m
= 343.478 mm
= 13.52 in
Then for Cargo oil pipe, it will be use steel pipe according to ANSI B36.10 :
Pipe Size = 14 inch
Schedule = 40
Inside diameter = 13.124 inch = 333.35 mm
Thickness = 0.438 inch = 11.125 mm
Outside diameter = 14 inch = 355.60 mm
Specification of pipe can be seen on IX. specification of equipments
a. Head Calculation
1. Head Static
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Head static can be calculated from the distance between the suction well
to shore connection
Hs = Z2 – Z1
= 7.2 – 1
= 6.2 m
2. Head Pressure
In this design, using assumption that pressure in the suction and
discharge are the same. So, head pressure = 0 m
3. Head Velocity
In this design, using assumption that velocity in the suction and discharge
are the same. So, head velocity = 0 m
4. Head Loss
Reynold number
This ship, JALARAYA SEAWAYS bring crude oil, it has a kinematic viscosity
of 88.6 mm2/s at 37.8oC
Reynolds number (Rn) = (D x V) / υ
Where,
D = Inside diameter of the main pipe
V = Flow rate
υ = 88.6 cst at 37.8 at 37.8 °C
= 88.6 x 10-6 m2/s
(Rn) = (D x V) / υ
= (0.33 x 2) / (88.6 x 10-6)
= 7525 > 2300 (turbulent)
Friction coefficient
f = 0.02 + 0.0005/D
= 0.02+0.0005/0.333
= 0.0215
So, head mayor calculation
In this design, a pipe length is 157 m, so that the value of Mayor Suction
Head Loss can be obtained by the formula below
Major losses = f x L x v2 / (D x 2g)
= 2.07 m
Then, minor losses using the outfit on the pipe as shown below.
Table 5.4 Outfitting main pipe
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Minor losses1 = k total x v2 / (2g)

= 2.77 m
head loss on cargo oil pipe (hl) = Major loss + minor loss
= 4.84 m
Total head = hs + hp + hv + hl
= 11.02 m
Based on that calculation, can be selected a cargo pump : Naniwa Cargo
Pump – C1V. Specification can be seen on IX. specification of equipments
2. Calculation of Stripping Pump
Stripping cargo tanks is carried out to ensure that as much cargo as possible is
discharged, usually using this system when the volume is 2% Vol. Cargo.
Calculating capacity of pump with divided volume payload with time to empty cargo
oil tanks.
Estimated time to empty the Cargo Oil tanks (t) = 1 hours
Volume = 2% Volume of Cargo oil tank
= 106.69 m3
Q = V/t
= 106.69/1
= 106.69 m3/h
= 0.03 m3/s
Then, calculate main pipe diameter with formula :
dH = ((4 x Q) / (v x π)) 0.5 Flow rate will be used = 3.5 m/s
= ((4 x 0.03) / (2 x 3.14)) 0.5
= 0.1374 m
= 137.39 mm
= 5.41 in
Then for Cargo oil pipe, it will be use steel pipe according to ANSI B36.10 :
Pipe Size = 6 inch
Schedule = 40
Inside diameter = 6.065 inch = 154.051 mm
Thickness = 0.28 inch = 7.112 mm
Outside diameter = 6.625 inch = 168.27 mm
Specification of pipe can be seen on IX. specification of equipments

a. Head Calculation
1. Head Static
Head static can be calculated from the distance between the suction well
to shore connection
Hs = Z2 – Z1
= 7.2 – 0.5
= 6.68 m
2. Head Pressure
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Handling & Loading Rev No. 0
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In this design, using assumption that pressure in the suction and discharge
are the same. So, head pressure = 0 m
3. Head Velocity
In this design, using assumption that velocity in the suction and discharge
are the same. So, head velocity = 0 m
4. Head Suction
Reynold number
This ship, JALARAYA SEAWAYS bring crude oil, it has a kinematic viscosity
of 88.6 mm2/s at 37.8oC
Reynolds number (Rn) = (D x V) / υ
Where,
D = Inside diameter of the main pipe
V = Flow rate
υ = 88.6 cst at 37.8 at 37.8 °C
= 88.6 x 10-6 m2/s

(Rn) = (D x V) / υ
= (0.154 x 2) / (88.6 x 10-6)
= 3477 > 2300 (turbulent)
Friction coefficient
f = 0.02 + 0.0005/D
= 0.02+0.0005/ 0.154
= 0.0232
So, head mayor calculation
In this design, a pipe length is 158 m, so that the value of Mayor Suction
Head Loss can be obtained by the formula below
Major losses = f x L x v2 / (D x 2g)
= 4.866 m
Then, minor losses using the outfit on the pipe as shown below.
Table 5.5 Outfitting stripping pipe

Minor losses = k total x v2 / (2g)

= 2.77 m
Head loss on stripping pipe (hl) = Major loss + minor loss
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= 7.63 m
Total head = hs + hp + hv + hl
= 14.3 m
Based on that calculation, can be selected a cargo pump : Hyundai Pump
CSP 300. Specification can be seen on IX. specification of equipments

IX. SPECIFICATION OF EQUIPMENTS

Table 5.6 Specification of cargo oil pipe

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Table 5.7 Specification of Cargo Oil Pump

Table 5.8 Spesification of Stripping Pipe

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Table 5.9 Specification of Stripping Pump

Figure 5.4 Specification of Provision Crane from MORDEC Product

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Figure 5.5 Specification of Hose Crane from Guanheng Product

X. DRAWING OF ARRANGEMENTS
See attachment of Dwg, No. 01 – 42 16 100 015 GA