1.

Comparison of Energy Harvesting Systems for Wireless

Sensor Networks
2. A Quantitative Investigation of Inertial Power Harvesting for

Human-powered Devices

EN ER G Y H A R V ESTIN G
& STO R A G E

Hyeon Joo

O U TLIN E
Power requirement
Suitable scavenging energy source
Energy conversion device
Vibration

PO W ER R EQ U IR EM EN T

Pow er requirem ent

Pow er requirem ent

Actuator and
Communication
consumes a
large
proportion of
total power

SU ITA B LE SC A V EN G IN G
EN ER G Y SO U R C E

M echanicalenergy source
Steady state mechanical source
Steady state: wind, flow, current..

Intermittent mechanical source

Human activity(walking, typing.. 5.88J/2steps )
Vehicles passing

Vibration
Energy depends on the amplitude and its freq.
Mass of harvesting device relative to the vibrati

ng mass

M echanicalenergy source

Typically vibration is made

up of a number of
fundamental freq. and their
harmonic

EN ER G Y C O N V ER SIO N D EV IC ES

V ibration

m:
seismic mass
k:
spring of stiffness
u(t): Position of case
x(t): Position of the seism
b:
Damping coefficien

V ibration
m:
seismic mass
k:
spring of stiffness
u(t): Position of case
x(t): Position of the seismic
b:
Damping coefficient

Mx(t) + Bx(t) + Kx(t) =

- Mu(t)

V ibration
m:
seismic mass
k:
spring of stiffness
u(t): Position of case
x(t): Position of the seismic
b:
Damping coefficient

x(t )

2
k
b 2
2 2
( ) ( )
m
m

U sin(t )

V ibration
mx(t) + bx(t) + kx(t) = mu(t)
b
k
x ''(t ) x '(t ) x(t ) u ''(t )
m
m
bS
k
S 2 X (s)
X ( s ) X ( s ) S 2U ( s )
m
m
S 2
X ( s)
U (s)
bS
k
S2

m m
S j
( j ) 2
X ( j )
U ( j )
b
k
2
( j ) ( j )
m
m

U ( j )
k
b
2
( ) j( )
m
m
2

U ( j )
k
b
( 2 )2 ( )2
m
m

U ( j ) U sin(t )e jt dt
2

x(t )
(

k
b
2 )2 ( )2
m
m

U sin(t )

V ibration
: vibration freq
n : natural freq

T: damping factor
=n => peak power
(resonant)
n k / m
2 3
)

n
Pd

[1 ( ) 2 ]2 [2 T ( )]2
n
n
m TY 2 (

V ibration
: vibration freq
n : natural freq
mA2
Pd
4 n T

: damping
factor

Increase the damping factor

Reducing the peak power,
but increase bw

mA
Pd
4 n T

V ibration
: vibration freq
n : natural freq
mA2
Pd
4 n T

: damping
factor

Thus,
1) fixed freq => low d.f.
2) Various freq => high d.f.

mA
Pd
4 n T

V ibration
mAZ max n
Pe
4
m d 3
d 3 AZ max n
Pe
4
Z max d
Pe max d 4 A n
m

d
3

4
3

1
3

Pe max m A n

Harvested energy is

proportional to the
m

V ibration
Piezoelectric conversion (pressure)
Commonly used material: PZT, BaTiO3, PVDF

Electrostatic conversion
The formation of a parallel plate capacitor
E

Electromagnetic conversion
Magnetic and coil

1
QV
2

Interm ittent m echanicalconv.

Piezoelectric conversion
Electro-active polymers(EAP) conversion
Electromagnetic conversion

A N Y Q U ESTIO N S?

O U TLIN E
Motivation
Mobile device
Energy harvesting model
Data Analysis
Power Estimation

M otivation
Human motion energy harvesting
Electronic devices
Realistic experiment
6 different parts of body

M obile devices

Wearable device

Energy harvesting m odel

k: spring constant
m:proof mass
d: damping coefficient
y(t): generator displacement
z(t): generators motion
Zmax: interval travel limit

Energy harvesting m odel

Loggers: 1GB
SD

80
HZ

D ata A nalysis
3-aixs accelerometers (X,Y,Z)
Harvest energy from daily human activiti

es using free motion

Only kinetic energy from human body
Zero-gravity for accuracy
High-passed filtered with 0.05Hz cuffoff

D ata A nalysis

D ata A nalysis

D ata A nalysis
z2

Ed Fdz
z1

F Dz '
T
dz dz
Ed Dz ' dz D
dt D z '' dt
z1
t 0
t 0
dt dt
1
D T
Paverage Ed z '' dt
T
T t 0
z2

A N Y Q U ESTIO N S?