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Code No: R059010201 Set No. 1

I B.Tech Regular Examinations, May/Jun 2006
APPLIED PHYSICS
( Common to Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Electronics &
Communication Engineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Electronics
& Instrumentation Engineering, Bio-Medical Engineering, Information
Technology, Electronics & Control Engineering, Computer Science &
Systems Engineering, Electronics & Telematics, Electronics & Computer
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Engineering and Instrumentation & Control Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define coordination number and packing factor of a crystal. [4]

(b) Describe the FCC crystal structure. [6]
(c) Obtain an expression for the packing factor of FCC structure. [6]
2. (a) What are Miller indices? How are they obtained? [8]
(b) Explain Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [8]
3. (a) Explain the concept of matter waves. [6]

(b) Describe Davison and Germer’s experiment and explain how it enabled the
verification of wave nature of matter. [6]
(c) Calculate the velocity and kinetic energy of an electron of wavelength
1.66 × 10−10 m. [4]
4. (a) How does the electrical resistance of a metal change with temperature? [4]
(b) Discuss the motion of an electron in a periodic lattice. [8]
(c) Find the relaxation time of conduction electrons in a metal having resistivity
1.54 × 10−8 Ω-m, if the metal has 5.8 × 1028 conduction electrons per cubic
meter. [4]
5. (a) Define the terms magnetic susceptibility, magnetic induction and permeability.
How is magnetic susceptibility of a material measured? [10]
(b) Explain the salient features of anti-ferromagnetic materials. [6]
6. (a) Describe the drift and diffusion currents in a semiconductor. [6]

(b) Derive their expressions. [6]
(c) Deduce Einstein relation. [4]
7. (a) Explain the following:

i. Life time of an energy level.
ii. Optical pumping processes.
iii. Metastable states. [6]
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(b) Distinguish between spontaneous and stimulated emission processes of light.
[4]
(c) Discuss briefly the different methods of producing laser light. [6]
8. (a) Describe the construction of a typical optical fibre and give the dimensions of
the various parts. [4]
(b) Define the acceptance angle and numerical aperture. Obtain an expression for
the numerical aperture of an optical fibre. [8]
(c) Calculate the numerical aperture and acceptance angle for an optical fibre
with core and cladding refractive indices being 1.48 and 1.45 respectively. [4]
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APPLIED PHYSICS
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1. (a) Explain the forces between the two interacting atoms when they are brought
nearer to form a molecule. [6]
(b) Derive the expression for the equilibrium spacing of two atoms for which the
potential energy is minimum and hence obtain the dissociation energy. [10]
2. (a) State and explain Bragg’s law. [6]

(b) Describe with suitable diagram, the powder method for determination of crys-
tal structure. [6]
(c) A beam of X-rays of wavelength 0.071 nm is diffracted by (110) plane of rock
salt with lattice constant of 0.28 nm. Find the glancing angle for the second
order diffraction. [4]
3. (a) Distinguish between Frenkel and Schottkey defects. [8]
(b) Derive an expression for the energy change due to creation of vacancies inside
a solid. [8]
4. (a) Explain the origin of energy bands in solids.

[6]
(b) Assuming the electron - lattice interaction to be responsible for scattering of
conduction electrons in a metal, obtain an expression for conductivity in terms
of relaxation time and explain any three draw backs of classical theory of free
electrons. [6]
(c) Find the temperature at which there is 1% probability of a state with an
energy 0.5 eV above Fermi energy. [4]
5. (a) What is meant by ferro-magnetic materials? Give example. [4]

(b) Explain the hysteresis properties of ferromagnetic materials. [6]
(c) Mention the various properties of para-magnetic materials. [6]
6. (a) How are the superconductors classified? Explain their properties. [6]
(b) What is Meissner effect? [6]
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(c) Write notes on the applications of superconducting materials. [4]
7. (a) With necessary theory and energy level diagram, explain the working of a
Helium-Neon gas laser. [10]
(b) Mention some important applications of lasers. [6]
8. (a) Distinguish between light propagation in
i. step index and
ii. graded index optical fibres. [6]
(b) Discuss the various advantages of communication with optical fibres over the
conventional coaxial cables. [6]
(c) Calculate the refractive indices of core and cladding of an optical fibre with a
numerical aperture of 0.33 and their fractional difference of refractive indices
being 0.02. [4]
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APPLIED PHYSICS
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1. (a) Define coordination number and packing factor of a crystal. [4]

(b) Describe the FCC crystal structure. [6]
(c) Obtain an expression for the packing factor of FCC structure. [6]
2. (a) Explain how the X-ray diffraction can be employed to determine the crystal
structure. [10]
(b) The distance between (110) planes in a body-centered cubic structure is 0.203
nm. What is the size of the unit cell? What is the radius of the atom? [6]
3. (a) Explain the concept of matter waves. [6]

(b) Describe Davison and Germer’s experiment and explain how it enabled the
verification of wave nature of matter. [6]
(c) Calculate the velocity and kinetic energy of an electron of wavelength
1.66 × 10−10 m. [4]
4. (a) Explain the origin of energy bands in solids.

[6]
(b) Assuming the electron - lattice interaction to be responsible for scattering of
conduction electrons in a metal, obtain an expression for conductivity in terms
of relaxation time and explain any three draw backs of classical theory of free
electrons. [6]
(c) Find the temperature at which there is 1% probability of a state with an
energy 0.5 eV above Fermi energy. [4]
5. (a) Explain the electrochemical breakdown in dielectric materials. [4]

(b) Explain the concept of internal field in solids and hence obtain an expression
for the static dielectric constant of elemental solid dielectric. [8]
(c) A parallel plate capacitor having an area 6.45 × 10−4 m2 and a plate separation
of 2 × 10−3 m, across which a potential of 12 V is applied. If a material having
a dielectric constant 5.0 is positioned within the region between the plates,
compute the polarization. [4]
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6. (a) Define the terms of superconductivity:
i. Critical temperature
ii. Critical magnetic field and
iii. Critical current. [6]
(b) What are Copper pairs? Explain. [4]
(c) Write notes on any four applications of superconductors. [6]
7. (a) Explain the following typical characteristics of laser:
i. coherence
ii. divergence and
iii. monochromaticity [6]
(b) Explain the principle and working of a ruby laser. [10]
8. (a) Explain the principle behind the functioning of an optical fibre. [4]
(b) Derive an expression for acceptance angle for an optical fibre. How it is related
to numerical aperture? [8]
(c) An optical fibre has a numerical aperture of 0.20 and a cladding refractive
index of 1.59. Find the acceptance angle for the fibre in water which has a
refractive index of 1.33. [4]
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APPLIED PHYSICS
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1. (a) Explain the terms [6]

i. basis
ii. space lattice and
iii. unit cell.
(b) Describe the seven crystal systems with diagrams. [10]
2. (a) Derive Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [6]

(b) Describe Bragg’s X-ray spectrometer and explain how Braggs law can be ver-
ified. [6]
(c) Monochromatic X-rays of λ=1.5 A.U. are incident on a crystal face having
an interplanar spacing of 1.6 A.U. Find the highest order for which Braggs
reflection maximum can be seen. [4]
3. (a) Describe edge and screw dislocations. Draw Burgers circuit and slip planes
for them. [10]
(b) Explain the significance of Burgers vector. [6]
4. (a) What is Fermi level?

[2]
(b) Explain Fermi-Dirac distribution for electrons in a metal. Discuss its variation
with temperature. [8]
(c) Calculate the free electron concentration, mobility and drift velocity of elec-
trons in aluminum wire of length of 5 m and resistance 0.06 Ω carrying a
current of 15 A, assuming that each aluminum atom contributes 3 free elec-
trons for conduction.
Given: Resistivity for aluminum = 2.7× 10−8 Ω-m.
Atomic weight = 26.98
Density = 2.7 × 103 kg/ m3
Avagadro number = 6.025 × 1023 [6]
5. (a) Explain the electrochemical breakdown in dielectric materials. [4]

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(b) Explain the concept of internal field in solids and hence obtain an expression
for the static dielectric constant of elemental solid dielectric. [8]
(c) A parallel plate capacitor having an area 6.45 × 10−4 m2 and a plate separation
of 2 × 10−3 m, across which a potential of 12 V is applied. If a material having
a dielectric constant 5.0 is positioned within the region between the plates,
compute the polarization. [4]
6. (a) Explain n-type and p-type semiconductors. Indicate on an energy level di-
agram the conduction and valence bands, donor and acceptor levels for an
intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. [10]
(b) Explain the detailed mechanism of current conduction in n and p type semi-
conductors. [6]
7. (a) Describe the principle, construction and working of a semiconductor laser.[10]

(b) Write the applications of laser. [6]
8. (a) Explain the terms ‘numerical aperture’ and ‘acceptance angle’. [6]
(b) With the help of a suitable diagram explain the principle, construction and
working of an optical fibre as a wave guide. [6]
(c) An optical fibre has a core material of refractive index of 1.55 and cladding
material of refractive index 1.50. The light is launched into it in air. Calculate
its numerical aperture. [4]
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com The Complete Information About Colleges in Andhra Pradesh

Code No: R059010201 Set No. 1

1. (a) Define coordination number and packing factor of a crystal. [4]

3. (a) Explain the concept of matter waves. [6]

6. (a) Describe the drift and diffusion currents in a semiconductor. [6]

7. (a) Explain the following:

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Code No: R059010201 Set No. 1

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Code No: R059010201 Set No. 2

2. (a) State and explain Bragg’s law. [6]

4. (a) Explain the origin of energy bands in solids.

5. (a) What is meant by ferro-magnetic materials? Give example. [4]

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Code No: R059010201 Set No. 2

8. (a) Distinguish between light propagation in

www.andhracolleges.com Engineering-MBA-MCA-Medical-Pharmacy-B.Ed-Law Colleges Information

Code No: R059010201 Set No. 3

1. (a) Define coordination number and packing factor of a crystal. [4]

3. (a) Explain the concept of matter waves. [6]

4. (a) Explain the origin of energy bands in solids.

5. (a) Explain the electrochemical breakdown in dielectric materials. [4]

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Code No: R059010201 Set No. 3

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Code No: R059010201 Set No. 4

1. (a) Explain the terms [6]

2. (a) Derive Bragg’s law of X-ray diffraction. [6]

4. (a) What is Fermi level?

5. (a) Explain the electrochemical breakdown in dielectric materials. [4]

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Code No: R059010201 Set No. 4

7. (a) Describe the principle, construction and working of a semiconductor laser.[10]

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