Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Basic PLC
Basic PLC
AUTOMATION
Introduction
This training introduces the basic hardware and software
components of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).
It details the architecture and basic instruction set
common to all PLCs. Basic programming techniques
and logic designs are covered. This training describes
the operating features of the PLC, the advantages of the
PLC over hard-wired control systems and practical
applications of PLCs.
Contents
Automation
Programming Concepts
PLC Instructions
Introduction to SCADA
Contractors
Applications
Parts of Automation
Hardware Control- PLC/DCS
Software Control- SCADA
Field Instruments- Motors, Sensors, Lamp, Valves etc.
History Of PLCs
- Developed to replace relays in the late 1960s
- Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics
- Costs dropped and became popular by 1980s
- Now used in many industrial designs
1974
1976
1977
1983
1985
1.
2.
3.
4.
Allen Bradley
Gould Modicon
Texas Instruments
General Electric
EUROPEAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
Siemens
Klockner & Mouller
Festo
Telemechanique
JAPANESE
1.
2.
3.
4.
Toshiba
Omron
Fanuc
Mitsubishi
From
SENSORS
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
O M
PROCESSOR
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
U
T
P
U
T
O
D
U
L
E
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.
Processor
The processor module contains the PLCs microprocessor,
its supporting circuitry, and its memory system.
The main function of the microprocessor is to analyze data
coming from field sensors through input modules, make
decisions based on the users defined control program and
return signal back through output modules to the field
devices. Field sensors: switches, flow, level, pressure, temp.
transmitters, etc. Field output devices: motors, valves,
solenoids, lamps, or audible devices.
The memory system in the processor module has two parts:
a system memory and an application memory.
INTRODUCTION TO PLCs
Advantages of PLCs
Less wiring.
Wiring between devices and relay contacts are done in
the PLC program.
Easier and faster to make changes.
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and
reduce downtime.
Reliable components make these likely to operate for
years before failure.
PROGRAMMING
Normally Open
(NO)
Normally Closed
(NC)
Power flows through these contacts when they are closed. The
normally open (NO) is true when the input or output status bit
controlling the contact is 1. The normally closed (NC) is true
when the input or output status bit controlling the contact is 0.
Coils
Boxes
Timers
Counters
Move
Reset
Comparison Instructions
EQU Equal
NEQ - Not Equal
LES - Less Than
LEQ - Less Than or Equal
GRT - Greater Than
GEQ - Greater or Equal
MEQ - Masked Comparison for Equal
AND OPERATION
A
Rung
OR OPERATION
A
Rung
B
NOT OPERATION
A
Rung
Acquisition.
Widely used in industry for Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition of industrial processes, SCADA
systems are now also penetrating the experimental
physics laboratories for the controls of ancillary
systems such as cooling, ventilation, power distribution
etc.
It is a purely software package that is positioned on top
of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general via
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) or other
commercial hardware modules.
Areas of Application
Manufacturing / Machining
Food / Beverage
Metals
Power
Mining
Petrochemical / Chemical