Cadeby Dimension Limestone - Technical - Report

Cadeby Stone Limited
Cadeby limestone
Assessment of Cadeby
limestone for use as
dimension stone

Cadeby limestone
Assessment of Cadeby limestone for use as dimension stone
February 2004
Ove Arup & Partners Ltd

13 Fitzroy Street, London W1T 4BQ
Tel +44 (0)20 7636 1531 Fax +44 (0)20 7755 3626
www.arup.com
Job number
113059-00
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Cadeby limestone
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Cadeby limestone issue 2 020204.doc

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Issue 2 February 2004
Cadeby limestone
CONTENTS
Page
1.
INTRODUCTION
2.
2.1
2.2
BACKGROUND
Geology
Previous uses
2
2
2
3.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
QUARRY
Location
Source of dimension stone
Transportation routes
Block extraction
Fabrication works
3
3
3
3
3
3
4.
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
TECHNICAL PROPERTIES
Test regime
Cadeby White - Results and Interpretation
Cadeby Light Gold - Results and Interpretation
Cadeby Brown - Results and Interpretation
5
5
6
10
14
5.
APPROPRIATE THICKNESS OF STONE FOR CLADDING DESIGN
18
6.
6.1
6.2
SUMMARY
General
Technical Properties
19
19
19
FIGURES
20

1.
Cadeby limestone
INTRODUCTION
During 2002, Cadeby Stone Limited (CSL) obtained the lease to extract the limestone from
Cadeby quarry for use as dimension stone. In recent years, the stone has been used on a small
scale in a number of stone cladding projects. CSL hope to increase production and are assessing
the suitability of the material for use on larger cladding and flooring/paving projects, both
internally and externally. As part of this study, CSL have commissioned Arup Materials
Consulting (AMC) to undertake a brief assessment of the quarry and the blocks extracted from it,
and to review recent test data obtained from blocks of Cadeby stone.
This report is written for Cadeby Stone Limited and is solely for their use. It represents the
findings at the north end of the quarry during our visit in July 2003. It should not be relied upon
by any third party, nor does it relieve any third party the responsibility of carrying out their own
project specific tests in their assessment of the stone for use on building projects.
This report is licensed to our client Cadeby Stone Limited to provide an assessment of Cadeby
limestone for use as dimension stone. Reproduction of this report for providing third parties with
information on the suitability of Cadeby limestone as dimension stone shall only be undertaken in
full. Reproduction for other purposes without the written permission of Ove Arup & Partners
Limited is prohibited.
Page 1

2.
Cadeby limestone
BACKGROUND
The quarry is located in the village of Cadeby, approximately three miles west Doncaster, South
Yorkshire. See Figure 1. Currently, the northern end of the quarry is worked for dimension stone
by CSL.
2.1
Geology
According to the 1:50,000 geological map of the area (Barnsley Sheet 87, Solid and Drift
edition), the Cadeby stone is part of the Lower Magnesian limestone deposit (of Lower Permian
age) that outcrops in a band running approximately in a north-south orientation from Nottingham
to Durham.
The Cadeby limestone is recorded as outcropping across the full extent of the quarry. No major
faults are indicated at the quarry location. However, north-east to south-west and west-north-west
to east-south-east orientated faults (typical of the region) are recorded as running close to the
southern and western boundaries of the quarry. See Figure 2.
2.2
Previous uses
Historically, magnesian limestone has been used as a building stone in the UK, typically
supplying the local market. In the case of Cadeby limestone, it is reported as having been used as
a traditional building stone, as well as being a popular stone in the domestic market where it is
used internally (e.g. fireplaces, floors) and externally (e.g. split walling stone). More recently, the
stone has been used as cladding on larger scale building projects in areas such as York and
London. See Figures 3 to 5.
Page 2

3.
QUARRY
3.1
Location
Cadeby limestone
The total quarry area (including future operations) is approximately 160 hectares. However, at the
time of this report the area defined by the faces of the quarry covers only approximately 80
hectares. See Figures 6 and 7.
3.2
Source of dimension stone

The blocks of Cadeby limestone are extracted from the northern end of the quarry. The estimated
volume of material in this area equates to approximately 5 years reserve to the north of the current
face and 30 years reserve to the east of this face based on current production rates. See Figure 8.
The colour of the Cadeby limestone ranges from creamy white to brown. These colours are fairly
typical of magnesian limestone, and can be seen on a number of buildings clad with Cadeby
limestone in York. From this range, CSL have divided the stone in to three colours, naming it
Cadeby White, Cadeby Light Gold and Cadeby Brown limestone.
The overall quarry face is approximately 40m high where clear horizontal bedding planes are
visible. Across this face there are two marker bands of grey clay, one at approximately 15m
above the current quarry floor level and the other, a thicker band, at approximately 25m above the
quarry floor level. From our examination of the quarry face, it would appear that the joint spacing
and bed heights in material above the upper clay marker band are too close to allow reasonable
size blocks of dimension stone to be extracted. Below this level the joint spacing and bed heights
appear more favourable for dimension stone sized block. However, the actual block size will be
dependant on joint spacing which cannot be accurately determined at this stage. It is from the first
10m of stone, from the quarry floor level, that CSL are currently extracting blocks of Cadeby
White limestone. During the visit the quarry manager informed us that 8 to 15 T blocks were
being extracted from the Cadeby White face. See Figures 9, 10 and 11. Cadeby Light Gold and
Cadeby Brown is found overlying this.
3.3
Transportation routes
At present, the main options for transporting block or finished stone from the quarry is by road or
river. The quarry is located within 2 miles of the A1(M) giving vehicles access to the road
network. It is also located next to the River Don making it possible to transport block by boat to
the Port of Hull, offering links to Europe and Scandinavia.
3.4
Block extraction
Block extraction was previously carried out by means of blasting the stone. This method has now
changed and explosives are no longer used. Instead the block is removed using an excavator
which makes use of the natural planes of weakness in the rock created by beds and joints, to allow
removal of the material from the quarry face. This change in method of extracting block should
help to increase the volume of usable material.
CSL state that the current extraction of the raw block is reported to be about 250T a week. This is
a reasonable rate of extraction for supply of raw material for large scale construction projects.
3.5
Fabrication works
A fabrication works is located within the bounds of the quarry site. This contains one primary saw
and two secondary saws for slabbing block and cutting stone to size. At present, the size of the
Page 3

Cadeby limestone
works is limited, but suitable for supplying finished stone for the existing domestic market and
smaller scale projects. At present, fabrication for larger scale projects would need to be out
sourced to an appropriate sized works. This would be possible as the block could be bought from
CSL and taken elsewhere for fabrication.
Page 4

4.
Cadeby limestone
TECHNICAL PROPERTIES
As part of the assessment into the suitability of the Cadeby limestone for cladding and flooring,
CSL arranged for samples of the Cadeby White, Light Gold and Brown limestone to be selected
and sent to a UKAS accredited laboratory for testing. The testing, carried out in November 2002,
has provided information on the technical properties of the stone and is reported as being
representative of the stone currently being extracted.
4.1
Test regime
The following tests were carried out on specimens taken from each of the Cadeby White, Cadeby
Light Gold and Cadeby Brown limestone:
Name of test
Test Method
Purpose of test
Petrographic examination
BS EN 12407 : 2000
Determine the composition of

the stone
Density & Porosity
BS EN 1936 : 1999
Index test
Water absorption
BS EN 13755 : 2002
Index test
Saturation coefficient &

Porosity
BRE Report BR 141 : 1989
Assess durability
Compressive strength
BS EN 1926 : 1999
Assess strength in compression
Flexural strength
pr EN 13161
Assess strength in bending
Freeze thaw
BS EN 12371 : 2001
Assess durability (frost

resistance)
Salt crystallisation
BS EN 12370 : 1999
Assess durability (resistance to

salt damage)
Abrasion resistance
BS EN 1341 : 2000
Assess durability (resistance to

being trafficked).
Flooring/paving specific test.
Slip resistance
Sandberg Internal
Procedure TP/F/16
Assess potential for slip.

Flooring/paving specific test.
Page 5

4.2
Cadeby limestone
Cadeby White - Results and Interpretation

As part of the interpretation of the test results, the documents listed below have been referred to.
Name of test
Guidance
Petrographic examination
N/A
Density & Porosity
ASTM C568
Water absorption
ASTM C568
Saturation coefficient & Porosity
BRE Report 141 : 1989

BRE Digest 420 : 1997
Compressive strength
ASTM C568
Flexural strength
BRE Information Paper 7/98 : 1998
Freeze thaw
BS EN 12371 : 2001
Salt crystallisation
BRE Report 141 : 1989
Abrasion resistance
Slip resistance
4.2.1
Petrographic Examination
Based on the results of the petrographic examination carried out on the sample provided, the
Cadeby white is described as follows:
White to off-white, fine grained LIMESTONE (Dolomite or Dolomitic Limestone). Pale blueish
grey spots up to 3mm across were frequently present (possibly manganese oxide).
From the detailed petrographic description, no deleterious materials, that may adversely affect the
technical performance of the stone, were identified.
4.2.2
Density & Porosity
The results of the 6 specimens tested in accordance with BS EN 1936 : 1999 are as follows:
Apparent Density (kg/m3)
Open Porosity (%)
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
2146 2180
2170
17.66 18.91
18.05
According to ASTM C568, the mean result of the tests indicates that the Cadeby White can be
classified as a medium density limestone. The mean value of the porosity test is normal for a
medium density limestone.
Page 6

4.2.3
Cadeby limestone
Water Absorption
Water Absorption (%)
Range
Mean
7.03 7.45
7.28
According to ASTM C568, the mean result of the test is acceptable for a medium density
limestone.
4.2.4
The results of the 4 specimens tested in accordance with BRE Report BR141 : 1989 are as
follows:
Saturation Coefficient
Porosity (%)
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
0.86 0.88
0.87
16.29- 16.94
16.84
The mean value of the porosity test is typical for a medium density limestone. However,
according to BRE Digest 420, a mean saturation coefficient value greater than 0.85 is indicative
of a limestone that may be less durable if used where the stone is intended to have a longer life
or for harsher exposures (such as string courses or copings) or severe environments. In these
instances it may be more appropriate to protect the stone with a flashing or use the Cadeby Light
Gold or Cadeby Brown. Any durability assessment of the Cadeby should take into account both
the stones position on the building and the weathering to which it will be exposed.
4.2.5
Compressive Strength
This test was carried out on 24 specimens in accordance with BS EN 1926 :1999. 6 specimens
each were tested in 4 test conditions as follows:
i)
Load applied perpendicular to the bedding (natural bedded) in the dry condition
ii)
Load applied perpendicular to the bedding (natural bedded) in the wet condition
iii)
Load applied parallel to the bedding (face bedded) in the dry condition
iv)
Load applied parallel to the bedding (face bedded) in the wet condition
The results are as follows:

Orientation/Condition
Compressive Strength (MPa)

Range
Mean
Perpendicular to bedding/Dry
77.74-86.75
81.76
Perpendicular to bedding/Wet
56.19-68.63
62.76
Parallel to bedding/Dry
59.92-91.78
79.20
Parallel to bedding/Wet
34.41-66.34
47.53
According to ASTM C568, the mean values for the test in all conditions are satisfactory for a
Page 7

4.2.6
Cadeby limestone
Flexural Strength
This test was carried out on 40 specimens in accordance with pr EN 13161. 6 specimens each
were tested in 4 test conditions:
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)

Flexural Strength (MPa)

Range
Mean
4.67 13.61
9.17
4.90 12.72
8.51
7.81 9.71
8.59
6.65 7.75
7.28
The mean values for the test in all conditions are satisfactory for a medium density limestone.
However, for any cladding or flooring project the flexural strength required should be assessed on
a project specific basis, e.g. for external cladding the design flexural strength required should take
into account other design specific factors such as the panel length, height and thickness, the
proposed fixing arrangement and anticipated wind loads at various locations across a building.
See Section 5 for further discussion.
4.2.7
Freeze Thaw
This test was carried out in accordance with Sandberg Internal Method TP/G/19/1, which is based
on BS EN 12371 : 2001 Identification Test (Test B) to 25 freeze and thaw cycles. The results of
the 6 specimens are as follows:
Visual inspection
After 25 cycles the faces and sides of all specimens were

classified as 0 (i.e. the specimens were intact and did not
display any signs of distress).
Apparent volume
After 14 cycles there was no measured loss in volume percentage

change in apparent volume. Deterioration is considered to have
occurred if the reduction in apparent volume reaches 1%.
Based on the results of the test the Cadeby White appears to be frost resistant.
Page 8

Cadeby limestone
4.2.8
Salt Crystallisation
Average Weight Loss after 15 cycles (%)
Range
Mean
4.96 19.61
14.1
According to BRE Report 141 : 1989, a limestone with a weight loss of >5 to 15% is given a
durability Class C.
In general, this indicates that the Cadeby White should be suitable for many uses as an external
building stone in inland locations where exposure to salts (e.g. road salts) is fairly limited.
However, the results also indicate that care should be taken where the stone is considered for use
as external paving, if it is likely to come into contact with salts. Also, care should be taken when
using the stone in exposed coastal locations.
4.2.9
Abrasion Resistance
The results of the 6 specimens tested in accordance with BS EN 1341 : 2000 Annex C (Wide
Wheel Abrasion) are as follows:
Abrasion Resistance Value (mm)
Range
Mean
26.7 30.6
29.0
According to the guidance given in BRE IP 10/00 a mean abrasion resistance value between 23
and 30 is indicative a stone suitable for use in a moderately trafficked area (e.g. office buildings).
This guidance given in BRE IP 10/00 does not take into account the cleaning and maintenance
regime of a floor.
On this basis the Cadeby White appears to be suitable for use on moderately trafficked floors.
4.2.10
Slip Resistance
This test was carried out on a specimen with a sawn surface in a dry and wet condition, using a
pendulum tester with a Four S simulated standard Shoe Sole rubber. The results of the test are
as follows:
Orientation
Slip Resistance Value

Dry Condition
Range
Mean

Wet Condition
Range
Mean
67 69
68
63 64
64
90o to A
66 68
67
63 - 64
63
According to guidance given by the UK Slip Resistance Group1 values between 35 and 65 are
indicative of a stone with a low potential for slip. Values above 65 have an extremely low
potential for slip. Therefore, it would appear that the Cadeby White has a borderline low to
extremely low potential for slip, for both the dry and wet condition when a sawn surface is used.
These results are applicable for the Cadeby White with a sawn surface only, if it is to be used
with a smoother finish then the test should be repeated with that finish.
The measurement of floor slip resistance guidelines recommended by the UK Slip Resistance Group, Issue 2, June 2000
Page 9

4.3
Cadeby limestone
Cadeby Light Gold - Results and Interpretation

As part of the interpretation of the test results, the documents listed in the table in Section 4.2
have been referred to.
4.3.1
Based on the results of the petrographic examination carried out on the sample provided, the
Cadeby Light gold is described as follows:
Pale yellow, fine grained LIMESTONE (Dolomite or Dolomitic Limestone). Stippled with
numerous pale blueish grey spots, (possibly manganese oxide) up to 1mm across.
The presence of deleterious materials that may adversely affect the technical performance of the
stone have not been identified.
4.3.2
Density & Porosity
Open Porosity (%)
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
2145 - 2188
2170
17.04 18.51
17.60
According to ASTM C568, the mean result of the tests indicates that the Cadeby Light Gold can
be classified as a medium density limestone. The mean value of the porosity test is normal for a
4.3.3
Water Absorption
Range
Mean
6.11 6.88
6.54
According to ASTM C568, the mean result of the test is acceptable for a medium density
limestone.
4.3.4
follows:
Porosity (%)
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
0.77 0.78
0.78
17.71 18.76
18.15
The mean values for saturation coefficient and porosity are indicative of a durable limestone
suitable for external use as plain walling or in locations subject to frequent wetting, such as
exposed cills and parapets. Any durability assessment of the Cadeby should take into account
both the stones position on the building and the weathering to which it will be exposed.
Page 10

4.3.5
Cadeby limestone
ix)
x)
xi)
xii)


Range
Mean
98.71 - 114.00
105.82
84.36 94.28
87.94
56.84 83.36
67.78
44.17 66.85
52.83
4.3.6
Flexural Strength
were tested in 4 test conditions as follows:
xiii)
xiv)
xv)
xvi)


Range
Mean
3.81 9.65
6.81
3.39 9.61
7.49
3.00 9.17
6.31
3.52 7.67
5.82
Page 11

4.3.7
Cadeby limestone
Freeze Thaw
Visual inspection

Apparent volume
After 14 cycles there was no measured loss in volume.

Deterioration is considered to have occurred if the reduction in
apparent volume reaches 1%.
Based on the results of the test the Cadeby Light Gold appears to be frost resistant.
4.3.8
Range
Mean
0.17 0.87
0.4
According to BRE Report 141 : 1989, a limestone with a weight loss of <1% is given a durability
Class A.
In general, this is indicates that the Cadeby Light Gold should be suitable for uses in all external
building and paving applications that are likely to come into contact with salts (e.g. road salts or
salt in sea air).
4.3.9
Abrasion Resistance
The results of the 6 specimens tested in accordance with BS EN 1341 :2000 Annex C (Wide
Range
Mean
26.0 28.2
26.7
This guidance given in BRE IP 10/00 does not take into account the cleaning and maintenance
regime of a floor.
On this basis the Cadeby Light Gold appears suitable for use on moderately trafficked floors.
Page 12

Cadeby limestone
4.3.10
Slip Resistance
pendulum tester with a Four S simulated standard Shoe Sole rubber.
Orientation

Dry Condition
Range
Mean

Wet Condition
Range
Mean
64 - 65
65
61 - 63
62
90o to A
69 - 70
69
65 - 66
65
indicative of a stone that has a low potential for slip. Values above 65 have an extremely low
potential for slip. Therefore, it would appear that the Cadeby Light Gold has a borderline low to
extremely low potential for slip, for both the dry and wet condition, when a sawn surface is used.
These results are applicable for the Cadeby Light Gold with a sawn surface only, if it is to be used
Page 13

4.4
Cadeby limestone
Cadeby Brown - Results and Interpretation

As part of the interpretation of the test results, the documents listed in the table in Section 4.2
have been referred to.
4.4.1
Based on the results of the petrographic examination of the sample provided, the Cadeby Brown
is described as follows:
Dark, fine area:
Pale brown, beige fine to very fine grained LIMESTONE (Dolomite or Dolomitic Limestone).
Light, coarse area:
Pale brown, beige fine grained LIMESTONE (Dolomite or Dolomitic limestone). Allochems (i.e.
ooids, peloids and bioclasts) up to 10mm across and commonly less than 4mm in size, imparted a
coarse appearance to the stone.
The presence of deleterious materials that may adversely affect the technical performance of the
stone have not been identified.
4.4.2
Density & Porosity
Open Porosity (%)
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
2050 - 2145
2100
18.94 22.55
20.57
According to ASTM C568, the mean result of the tests indicates that the Cadeby Brown can be
classified as a borderline low to medium density limestone. The mean value of the porosity test is
slightly higher than would be expected for a medium density limestone3.
4.4.3
Water Absorption
Range
Mean
7.11 8.58
7.89
The mean result of the test is acceptable for a medium density limestone.
4.4.4
follows:
Porosity (%)
Range
Mean
Range
Mean
0.58 0.61
0.60
11.33 11.75
11.52
Note: The porosity value is quite different to that obtained from the saturation coefficient and porosity testing. It is
possible that the specimen tested was more open textured/porous than that used for the saturation coefficient testing.
Page 14

Cadeby limestone
The mean values for saturation coefficient and porosity are indicative of a durable limestone
suitable for external use as plain walling or in locations subject to frequent wetting, such as
exposed cills and parapets.
4.4.5
xvii)
xviii)
xix)
xx)


Range
Mean
90.53 112.37
103.04
87.85 101.66
65.52
42.62 81.77
63.32
42.99 53.81
47.60
4.4.6
Flexural Strength
were tested in 4 test orientations:
xxi)
xxii)
xxiii)
xxiv)


Range
Mean
6.58 11.37
7.84
6.09 11.19
8.75
5.71 11.86
8.35
3.53 10.68
6.55
Page 15

Cadeby limestone
4.4.7
Freeze Thaw
Visual inspection

Apparent volume
After 14 cycles there was no measured loss in volume.

Deterioration is considered to have occurred if the reduction in
apparent volume reaches 1%.
Based on the results of the test the Cadeby Brown appears to be frost resistant.
4.4.8
Range
Mean
2.16 5.72
3.3
According to BRE Report 141 : 1989, a limestone with a weight loss of 1 to 5% is given a
durability class B.
In general, this indicates that the Cadeby Brown should be suitable for use as an external building
stone at exposed coastal and inland locations, where the possibility of exposure to salts (e.g. road
salts or salts in the sea air) may exist. However, the results also indicate that the stone should not
be used as external paving, if the material is likely to come into contact with salts.
4.4.9
Abrasion Resistance
The results of the 6 specimens tested in accordance with BS EN 1341 :2000 Annex C (Wide
Range
Mean
21.7 26.2
23.3
A value less than 23 is indicative of a stone suitable for use in highly trafficked areas (e.g.
shopping malls). The guidance given in BRE IP 10/00 does not take into account the cleaning and
maintenance regime of a floor.
On this basis the Cadeby Brown appears suitable for use on moderately trafficked floors and
possibly some more highly trafficked areas.
Page 16

Cadeby limestone
4.4.10
Slip Resistance
pendulum tester with a Four S simulated standard Shoe Sole rubber.
Orientation

Dry Condition
Range
Mean

Wet Condition
Range
Mean
68 - 70
69
64 - 65
64
90o to A
69 - 70
70
64 - 65
65
indicative of a stone that has a low potential for slip. Values above 65 have an extremely low
potential for slip. Therefore, it would appear that the Cadeby Brown has a borderline low to
extremely low potential for slip, for both the dry and wet condition, when a sawn surface is used.
These results are applicable for the Cadeby Brown with a sawn surface only, if it is to be used
Page 17

5.
Cadeby limestone
APPROPRIATE THICKNESS OF STONE FOR CLADDING DESIGN

Traditionally British limestone has been used at 75mm thick when used as hand fixed stone or at
50mm thick when used as stone faced precast concrete. These thicknesses comply with the
guidelines given in BS8292 : 1994. However, this standard also allows a reduction in thickness to
be made if supported by a structural calculation.
Based on the flexural strength test data provided, the mean for the Cadeby White, Cadeby Light
Gold and Cadeby Brown are as follows:
Cadeby White
Flexural Strength
(MPa)
Cadeby Light Gold

Flexural Strength
(MPa)
Cadeby Brown
Flexural Strength
(MPa)
Mean
Mean
Mean
9.2
6.8
7.7
8.5
7.5
8.7
8.6
6.3
8.3
7.3
5.8
6.5
Perpendicular/
Dry Condition
Perpendicular/
Wet Condition
Parallel/
Dry Condition
Parallel/
Wet Condition
For the purpose of this report AFE has undertaken a structural analysis of the stone to determine
the acceptable thickness of a panel broadly in accordance with BRE IP 7/98. Our analysis was
based on a the following assumptions:
- a stone panel 1m by 0.7m high.
- support/restraint by four fixings.
- a wind pressure of 1.5 KPa.
- a factor of safety of 6.
The outcome of this analysis, based on the mean flexural strength values and assumptions given
above, indicates that each of the Cadeby White, Cadeby Light Gold and Cadeby Brown is strong
enough to be used at 40mm thick.
It is important to remember that the above is an example based on the test data provided and the
assumptions on wind loading and panel support given above. It should not be relied on, or used,
by any third party as part of their stone cladding design. For each project, the design should
involve using project specific parameters such as anticipated loadings, fixing arrangement, and
strength of stone should be determined.
Page 18

6.
SUMMARY
6.1
General
Cadeby limestone
The Cadeby limestone is a magnesian limestone with colour ranging from creamy white to
brown. It is understood that the creamy white coloured limestone (Cadeby White) is found in the
lower beds visible in the quarry, and the honey to buff coloured limestone (Cadeby Light Gold
and Cadeby Brown) is found in the overlying beds.
At present, the bed heights and joint spacing in the lower beds are of sufficient size to allow
blocks of a commercially attractive size to be extracted, with the exception of the uppermost beds
that appear too closely jointed to produce a reasonable sized block. Based on the block stockpiled
in the yard, it would appear that reasonable sized blocks in each of the three colour can be
extracted from the quarry.
We are informed that there is approximately 5 years of reserves available to the north of the face
currently being worked, and there is approximately 30 years reserve to the east of this face,
indicating an adequate future supply of the stone.
6.2
Technical Properties
In general, the Cadeby limestone currently being extracted is suitable for use as dimension stone.
Use of the Cadeby limestone as walling
Current test data suggests that all three types of Cadeby limestone should be suitable for use as
external cladding at 40mm thick, this is based on the assumptions given in Section 5 above. It
should be noted that, as with all stones, the thickness selection and fixing design requires
checking on a case-by-case basis as it is dependant on several variable factors.
Use of the Cadeby limestone as external paving/internal flooring
Based on the recent test data, each of the three colours of Cadeby appear to be suitable for use as
internal flooring and external paving in moderately trafficked areas, such as an office. However,
based on the salt crystallisation test results, it would appear that only the Cadeby Brown should
be used as external paving, if the material is likely to come into contact with salts. Each of the
stones are noted to be slip resistant when wet or dry, providing the stone has a sawn surface finish
Each of the stones are frost resistant.
Page 19

Cadeby limestone
Figures
Page 20

Cadeby limestone
Figure 1. Location of the Cadeby Magnesian Limestone quarry
Crown Copyright
Page 21

Cadeby limestone
Figure 2. Map showing the surface geology of Cadeby and the surrounding area.
Extract taken from 1:50,000 geological map Barnsley Sheet 87, solid and drift
Crown Copyright, NERC Copyright
Page 22

Cadeby limestone
Figures 3. Norwich Union building, York.
Note: This building is clad using the three colours of Cadeby limestone available.
Page 23

Cadeby limestone
Figure 4. Travelodge, York
Page 24

Cadeby limestone
Figure 5. Residential building, York
Page 25

Cadeby limestone
Figure 6. Aerial view of the Cadeby limestone quarry
Page 26

Cadeby limestone
Figure 7. Plan of quarry showing current extent of extraction
Figure 8. Plan of quarry showing areas/reserves available for extraction
Page 27

Cadeby limestone
Figure 9. Photo of the north east face of the quarry
Note: The NE face of the quarry represents the area being worked for Cadeby White during the visit
Page 28

Cadeby limestone
Figure 10. Photo showing beds of Cadeby White limestone
Page 29

Cadeby limestone
Figure 11. Photo showing typical block size available in Cadeby White
Page 30


Cadeby Dimension Limestone - Technical - Report

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Cadeby Dimension Limestone - Technical - Report

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Cadeby Stone Limited

Cadeby Stone Limited

Ove Arup & Partners Ltd

Assessment of Cadeby limestone for use as dimension stone

Cadeby limestone draft report 040703.doc

Cadeby limestone issue 071103.doc

Cadeby limestone issue 2 020204.doc

Issue Document Verification with Document

C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\FRANCES.CONDON\DESKTOP\CADEBY.DOC

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Cadeby Stone Limited

APPROPRIATE THICKNESS OF STONE FOR CLADDING DESIGN

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Cadeby Stone Limited

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Cadeby Stone Limited

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Cadeby Stone Limited

Source of dimension stone

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Cadeby Stone Limited

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Cadeby Stone Limited

Determine the composition of

Density & Porosity

Saturation coefficient &

BRE Report BR 141 : 1989

Assess strength in compression

Assess strength in bending

Assess durability (frost

Assess durability (resistance to

Assess durability (resistance to

Assess potential for slip.

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Cadeby Stone Limited

Cadeby White - Results and Interpretation

Density & Porosity

Saturation coefficient & Porosity

BRE Report 141 : 1989

BRE Information Paper 7/98 : 1998

BRE Report 141 : 1989

BRE Information Paper 10/00 : 2000

BRE Information Paper 10/00 : 2000

Density & Porosity

Open Porosity (%)

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Cadeby Stone Limited

Saturation coefficient & Porosity

The results are as follows:

Compressive Strength (MPa)

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Cadeby Stone Limited

The results are as follows:

Flexural Strength (MPa)

After 25 cycles the faces and sides of all specimens were

After 14 cycles there was no measured loss in volume percentage

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Cadeby Stone Limited

Slip Resistance Value

Slip Resistance Value

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Cadeby Stone Limited

Cadeby Light Gold - Results and Interpretation