EASC – 106 FIELD REPORT BY OWUSU KOFI POKU -

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Chapter One.

1.1 Introduction.

EASC-106 Field trip undertaken on the 9th of October, 2022 to the 13th of October, 2022 was

a very informative trip where we visited various sites in the geological scope. Much

knowledge was acquired from the trip, this will be expressed in the subsequent chapters with

a business plan.

1.1 Objectives

 To know how to use geological tools on the field.

 To know the career paths in the study of the field.

 To stimulate the return to field research.

 Allow students who cannot travel to directly view important areas.

Chapter Two.

2.0 Daily Activities.

Day 1 – Osikan Beach, Jamestown Accra.

Day 2 – Twin Rock Quarry, Shai Hills.

Day 3 – Architectural and Engineering Services Limited (AESL), Weija.

Day 4 – Seismic Station, Legon.

Day 5 – Gud Heart Quarry and Construction Limited, North Industrial Area.

2.1 Osikan Beach, Jamestown – 9th October,2022

Station 1 – Outcrop of Sandstone.

An outcrop refers to a rock formation that is visible on the surface of the Earth.

Rock Type – Sedimentary Rock.

Rock Name – Sandstone.

Texture – Medium to coarse grain.

Colour – Greyish white with red stains.

Structure – Bedding plane, Joints, Cross stratification and Erosional surface.

Mineral – Quartz.
 Fig. 1.0 Outcrop of sandstone

Station 2 – Intercalation of Sandstone and Clay.

Intercalation. An intercalation refers to a special form of interbedding, where two distinct

depositional environments in close spatial proximity migrate back and forth across border

zone.
 Fig .1.1 Intercalation of sandstone and clay

Syncline – This is a trough or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slopes upwards from

the axis. Or, it is the downward arc curve of a fold. A fold is a bend in a rock layer caused by

forces within the crust of the earth. The forces that cause folds range from slight differences

in pressure in the earth’s crust, to large collisions of the crust’s tectonic plates.

Anticline – An anticline is a ridge or fold of stratified rock in which the strata slopes

downward from the crust. Furthermore, an anticline is a structural trap formed by the folding

of rock strata into an arch-like shape. The rock layers in an anticlinal trap were originally laid

down horizontally and then the earth’s movement caused it to fold into an arch-like shape

called anticline.

2.2 Twin Rock Quarry, Shai Hills – 10th October, 2022

Twin rock quarry established in 1992 is a total mining and construction company that

provides quarry dust and rocks for construction.

A quarry is a place, typically a large, deep pit, from which stone or other materials are or

have been extracted.

 Terminologies used in the quarry site

 Drilling – The action of making a hole in something by using a drill. In twin rock

quarry, drilling is done up to 4 metres or 8 metres below the ground level.

 Bench – Bench is a narrow strip of land cut into the sides of an open pit.

Here are some uses of the bench;

1. To prevent rock slides into active mining areas.

2. Prevents people from jumping into the pit.

 Pit – This is the hole in the ground and all its associated tunnels and underground

spaces.

Fig.1.3 A pit

 Jaw – This is a machine that breaks down the rocks carried from the pit.
 Aggregates

 Sand

 Gravel

 Crushed rock

End Products and their uses

1. 3 quarter – Used in building

2. 0 – 40mm – used in building of roads

3. 0 – 300mm

4. 0 – 150mm

5. Boulders – used in the construction of sea defence

6. Quarry dust - for building houses

7. Waste – Used for fillings

Rock type: Metamorphic rocks

Metamorphic Index mineral: Garnet

Texture: Coarse grain

Minerology: Quartz and Garnet

Structure: Foliation and bunding

 Fig.1.4 Metamorphic rocks

2.3 Architectural and Engineering Services Limited (AESL), Weija – 11th October,2022

AESL established in 1973 is a professional group of structural engineers, electrical and

mechanical, civil, consulting architecture engineers, land and quantity surveyors. Their job is

to provide nationwide coverage while simultaneously meeting the demands of a disciplinary

approach to building and engineering consulting. Site investigation is handled by AESL's

geotechnical division. Their mission is to inspect potential construction sites to ascertain

whether the earth can support the structure of the buildings there. They also provide a flexible

response with innovative and imaginative building and engineering designs to meet the

aspirations of numerous clients.

How to determine the NMC at the soil lab

NMC – Natural Moisture Content. When the soil sample is brought from the site, it is already

wet. To determine the natural moisture content, the soil is weighed, dried and weighed again.
The second weight recorded is subtracted from the first weight to determine the percentage of

the natural moisture content. After, the soil was then put in a Casagrande machine.

Fig.1.5 Casagrande machine

A Casagrande machine is used to determine the moisture content at which clay soils pass

from a plastic state to a liquid state.

A hydraulic compressive testing machine which is used for crushing concrete was used at

the concrete lab. Concretes are weighed to determine the proper density before crushing is

done. At the concrete lab, a force of 1208.5N was applied to a concrete block of 8.65kg and

the block was crushed. The standard measurement of the area of a concrete cube block is

150mm x 150mm which is 2250mm and the standard load of the cube 443.14N this may

sometimes vary.

2.4 Seismic Station, Legon – 12th October, 2022

Ghana seismic station is a seismic station which monitors earthquakes and other

geological activities. They also collect information on the movement of the rock layer of the

Earth. The seismic station is an area where specialized equipment called seismographs are
installed. When the ground shakes, the seismograph creates a record of the intensity of the

Earth’s movement and the duration of the movements. There are 12 seismic stations in

Ghana.

Devices used in recording and intensity and duration of an earthquake

 Seismometer

 GPS

 Digitizer

 Battery

Fig.1.6 Analogue Seismometer

Fig.1.7 Digital Seismometer

 2.5 Gud Heart Quarry and Construction Limited, North Industrial Area -13 th October,

2022

Gud Heart Quarries and Construction is incorporated in Ghana and it is an entrepreneurial,

mining and industrial production entity that has social responsibility at the forefront of all its

endeavours. They are producers and installers of stone products like granite cobblestone,

natural stonetiles, veneer stones, wall cladding stones and other stone products. Cobblestone

products can be used for roads, walkways, stations and any other surfaces for hardwearing

and aesthetic purposes. They also engage in coastal engineering and flood defence structures.

Fig.1.8 Regular shaped cut rocks

 Fig.1.9 Irregular shaped cut rocks used usually in building sea defence

Chapter 3: Business Plan

The type of business is to be identified is Gud Heart Quarry

Problem: The business will become more popular and broaden its customer scope.

Solution: The business should open more branches across the country.

Business model: The business will make money by having their own trucks to transport the

rocks.

Target customers: People interested in using rocks in building homes and car parks.

Promotion: Target customers will learn about the business through billboards and adverts.

Competitive advantage: They are easily accessible because of their location.

Financial projections: They are well established so they have enough capital to work

SUMMARY.
Our field report summarizes the diverse daily activities we undertook during an enlightening

excursion into various locations. We employed specialized geological tools to get precise

measurements at unique sites requiring individual attention throughout the expedition. This

comprehensive experience provided exceptional practical knowledge that deepened students'

comprehension and widened their study scope by engaging them physically with theoretical

studies' physical manifestations covered in class.

The significance of researching these geological sites in shaping our world, offering benefits

from essential natural resources exploration to Earth history analysis and hazard mitigation,

cannot be overstated; thus, we must continue investing in this activity.