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Divine Speech Notes - 2
Divine Speech Notes - 2
DIVINESPEECH
LITERARYCHARACTERSTICSOFTHEQURAN
PRESENTEDBY
NOUMANALIKHAN
CRITICALDISCLAIMER
1.
ThisdocumenthasbeenpreparedspecificallyforuseduringthesingleweekendseminarentitledDivineSpeechbeingoffered
byBayyinahinstitute.
2.
Thisdocumenthaslittletonovalueasaselfstudyresource.Itservesmerelyasanoutlinefordiscussionsthatwilltakeplace
duringthecourseoftheseminar.
3.
Thisdocumentcomprisessections2through18.Section1willbedistributedinclass.
4.
Wheredeemedhelpful,twokindsofEnglishcommentaryhavebeenoffered:
a. Briefcommentsthatwillbeelaboratedinclass
TranslationscitedfromtheworkofYusufAli.
5.
WeatBayyinahdonotendorseanyparticulartranslationoftheQuran.Theverypointofthisseminaristoillustratewhatis
lostintranslation.Theabovetranslationhasonlybeencitedforconvenientreferenceandcomparison.
6.
Attendeesshouldprintthisdocumentandbringitwiththemnolaterthanthe2nddayoftheseminar(Saturday)inorderto
maximizetheirbenefitfromtheseminar.
7.
Weadviseattendeestobringalonganotebookjustincasetheyareinterestedintakingindepthnotes.Pleasebeadvisedthat
thecontentofthisseminarisgearedmoretowardsenrichmentandgeneralawarenessthanitistowardsacademicdiscourse,
yetawealthofinformationwillbepresented.
8.
PleasedonotbeintimidatedbythecolossalcitationsofArabicinthisdocument.Theyaresimplytheretoassisttheinstructor
inthediscussionprocess.YoushouldbeabletobenefitfromthisprogramevenifyoudontreadorunderstandArabic.
9.
ThisdocumentoutlinesthefullextentofthediscussionsplannedfortheDivineSpeechseminar.Itwillbetheinstructors
sincerebestefforttocoverallofthematerialwithoutrushingthroughit.Theinstructorthereforemayskipportionsofthe
materialduetoshortageoftime.
10. Ifyouareplanningonattendingthisseminarbuthaventyetsignedup,pleasedosoatwww.bayyinah.com/student_center
bychoosingalocationnearyou.
VerbalIdioms
Title
1. Coolnessoftheeyes
PreQuranicReference
(poet
fromBanuJuhaiynah)Hsthenewsreachedthehelpersthat
HumadibnBahdalhasputthemindsoftheKalbatrest.
He
departed(died)andwithhimdepartedfrommeevery
pleasurethatcooledmyeyes;sothetwodepartedtogether
MayAllahmakehiseyeswarm
2. ToLowerwings
issaidofaflyingbirdloweritswingsto
descend.
Thepoetsays:
Youarefamousforloweringthewing,sodont
becomeafalconbyraisingthem
3. ToUntieTheKnotinOnes
Tongue
4. Toentersomethingfromits
door
SothatpeoplemayknowthatImamanIapproach
mylivefromitsdoor
5. Tothrowstonesinthedark
Whenyouapproachamatterfromotherthanitsdoor,
youllbelostandonceyouenterfromthedoor,youll
remainguided.
Warisexactlywhatyouhavecometoknowand
ArabicCitation&QuranicContext(s)
Spouses&Children,AsyasremarksforbabyMusaAS,What
awaitsinthehereafter/aftertrials
25:74,28:9,32:17
Individualtohis/herparents,theMessengertohisfollowers
17:24,26:215
Musa(AS)sprayerbeforefacingthepharaoh.
20:27
Superstitionsfollowedbysomecompanions(RA)before
theyknewanybetter
2:189
experience.Andthisremarkconcerningitisnot
conjectureofdoubtfulvalidity.
18:22
Idivertmyselfwithwishful
thinking Andtoconjectureabout
6. Todoubleupachordand
twistit
7. Toventureintoeveryvalley
thingsunknowntooneislikethrowingstonesabout
(withoutatargettoaimat)
Todoubleupachordandtwistit
inevitablefate.
Mycamelsaredocile,(ItakethemwhereIlike).And
keepingmeconstantcompanyismyheart/reason
whichIputtoworkwithafirmresolve
shecamelthatwandersaroundbyherself
insearchofpasture
43:79
26:225
8. Tohaveoneshandstiedto
onesneck
17:29
9. Ofatown/gardentobe
overturnedonits
ceilings/trellises
10. Ofwartosheditsweapons
22:45.Also2:259,18:42
47:4
IntricateWordChoice
3.02
Madinahin63:8,33:13,60,9:101,120vs.Yathribin33:13
3.03
Makkah(48:24)vs.Bakkah(3:96)
Bakkah
Makkah
3.04
3.05
33:13
3:96
48:24
Ajeeb(strange)in50:2 vs.Ujaab(extremelystrange)38:5
Theyareestranged
Awarnercametothemfromamongstthemselves
Fromamongthem
Theyareestranged
Awarnercametothemfromamongstthemselves
DisbelieverssaidThisisaperpetuallylyingmagician.
Hashemadeallofourgodsintoasinglegod?
()
()
50:2
38:5
TwoDifferentExpressionsforSevenEarsofGrainin2:261vs.12:43
Sanaabil=pluralofsunbulahmeaningear(ofgrain)
Sunbulaat=pluralofsunbulahmeaningear(ofgrain)
3.06
OnlyinstanceofYathribintheQuran
Twodifferentpluralsforblessingsin16:120vs.31:20
Anum=pluralofnimahmeaningblessing
Niam=pluralofnimahmeaningblessing
()
2:261
12:43
16:120,
121
31:20
3.07
DwellersinParadise4:13vs.DwellerinHellfire4:14
Dwellers(khalideena)
Dweller(khalidan)
3.08
ItsvastnessisLIKE(notquiteequalto)theskyandtheearth
Competeinrushingtowardsforgiveness
PreparedforthosewhobelieveinAllahandhis
Messengers
Twodifferentwordsforselectionin22:75vs.78
YASTAFEE(Heselects)
IJTABAA(Heselected)
3.11
4:13
4:14
TheDifferencebetweentheskyandtheskiesin3:133vs.57:21
ItsvastnessIStheskies&theearth(combined)
Rushtoforgiveness
Preparedforthemuttaqeen
3.10
TwoDifferentWordsfortheheart
FUAD&QALB(heart)
ThebenefitsofFuaadasopposedtoQalbinthisayah
3:133
57:21
22:75
22:78
28:10
17:36
3.13
TheWordMisrDoesntalwaysmeanEgypt
hasbeenusedtomeanEgyptexplicitlyonfouroccasions;
12:21,12:99,43:51,10:87.Whatelsedoesitmean?
3.14
2:61
Heartsthatdonttrulyunderstand,eyesthatdontsee,earsthatdonthear
33.15 Notwoheartsinsideofanyman
whyexcludewomen?
3.16
Musa (AS)saddresstohisnationvs.theaddressofEsa(AS)
MusaASaddressestheIsraelitesashisnation
7:179
33:4
61:6
61:6
3.17
3.18
Kafiroon(disbelievers)vs.Mushrikoon(idolators) mentionedinsuccessiveayahs
Twodifferentwordsforjustice inthesamestatement
61:8
61:9
ADL&IQSAAT:Justice
3.19
TheirbrotherShuaiborJustShuaib?
ToMadyanwesenttheirbrotherShuaib
WhenShuaibsaidtothem
When their brother Nuh, their brother Hud, their brother Saleh, their
brotherLutsaidtothem.Allmentionedwiththeexpressiontheirbrother
whileShuaibinthesamesurahisnt.
3.21
Twodifferentwordsforcomeon!
3.22
49:9
ThewordIkhtilaaf(discord/contradiction) initsphoneticform
3.20
Tofilterout
*
*
4:82
29:36,
11:84,
7:85
26:176,
177
26:106,
124,
142,161
6:150
6:151
3:141
TransitionsInvolving1st,2ndand3rdPersons
1.
2.
57. and we gave you the shade of clouds and sent down to
you Manna and quails, saying: "Eat of the good things we
have provided for you:" (But They rebelled); to us They did no
harm, but They harmed their own souls.
3.
4.
5.
6.
52:18,19
2:57
30:34
19:88,89
30:38
10:22
SentenceStructure
5.1 Thesame,oramostthesame?
Establishtheprayer
Enjointhegood
Forbidtheevil
Bepatientoverwhateverbefallsyou
Emphaticendinginna
Youwillbetestedintermsofyourwealthandpeople
Youwillhearhurtfulthings
IfyounonethelesspersevereandremainconsciousofAllah
Moreemphaticendingfainna
Andwhomsoeverexhibitedperseveringrestraintandforgave
Mostemphaticendingfainnalamin
5.02 Differentwordformsforgriefandfear
Leaningtowardsthisworld:
2:38,3:170,5:69,6:48,7:35,10:62,46:13
Leaningtowardsthenext:
2:62,2:112,2:262,2:274,2:277,
31:17
3:186
42:43
39:66
26:
7881
5.04
DegreesofEmphasis&DeEmphasis
AnevenifawhifffromoutofthepunishmentofyourLordbarelytouchedthem
(once),theywouldnodoubtcryout(continuously)Ah,OurDoom!We,nodoubt,
WEhadbeenwrongdoers!
5.05
AChangeinSentenceComponentSequenceToDeliverASpecialMessage
ALLAHistheWALIofthosewhobelieve
TAGHOOTaretheAWLIYAAofthosewhodisbelieve
5.06
..
21:
46
2:
257
..
SimilarSentences,varyingprepositions
Say(collective),wehavecometobelieveinAllahandwhatwassenttous
Say(singular),wehavecometobelieveinAllahandwhatwassentuponus
..
2:136
3:84
..
5.07
ManipulatingTheSubjectoftheVerb
WasevilintendedforthoseontheearthOR
DidtheirLordintendrightforthem
Wheneverweshoweredthehumanbeingwithfavors,
thedeliberatelyignoredandturnedawayarrogantlyto
hissideandwheneverharmtouchedhimhebecame
utterlyhopeless.
Allahstruckanexample
Forsimilartexts,alsosee16:75,30:28,39:29,66:10,
16:76,16:112,66:11,
People!Anexamplehasbeenstruck
72:10
17:83
14:24
22:73
5.09 ChangesinTense
Isaw(inadream)
Nodoubt,Iseeinadream
Whoevershowsgratitudevs.
Whoevershowedingratitude/disbelieved
Whoeverkilledabelieverbymistake
(involuntarymanslaughter)
Whoeverkillsabelieveronpurpose
(homicide)
Everypersonwasgivenwhathe/sheearnedin
full
Everypersonwasgivenwhathe/sheearnedin
full
Everypersonwillbegivenwhathe/sheearned
infull
Everypersonwillbegivenwhathe/sheearned
infull
vs.
12:4
37:102
31:13
4:92
4:93
3:25
39:70
2:281
3:161
5.11 Verbsvs.Nouns
Heextracts(verb)thelivingfromthedeadand
Heistheextractor(noun)ofthedeadfromthe
living
Whetheryouweretocallthem(verb)
Oryouareonestoremainsilent(noun)
Allahwouldneverbeonetopunishthem
(verb)whileyouareamongthemandAlalh
wouldneverbetheirpunisher(noun)while
theythemselvesstillseekforgiveness.
Wewouldneverbedestroyers(noun)ofthe
townswhiletherecitizensarewrongdoers
(noun)
5.12 PowerfulImplicationsofWordDeclinations
TheangelssaidSALAAMANwhileIbrahimASresponded
SALAAMUN
Thereisnofearonthem,thereisnotradeinit(judgment
day),thereisnofriendship,thereisnointercession
Thereisnodoubtinit(theQuran),thereisnocompulsion
inthereligion,thereisnooneworthyofworshipexcept
Allah,thereisnoportionfortheminthehereafter
5.12 TwoprayersofIbrahim(AS)
Makethisapeacefulcity
Makethiscitypeaceful
( )
()
, , ,
,
,
6:95
7:193
8:33
28:59
51:24,25
2:126
14:35
SequenceinQuranicDiscourse
6.1 SequenceBearingaGrammaticalFunction
You,weworship&youweaskforaide.Guideus.
Youweworship
RatherAllah,worship!Andbefromthegrateful
AndbegratefultoAllah(allofyou)ifHeyouhaveallbeen
worshipping.
Say,HeisAlRahmaan.WebelieveinHimanduponHimwe
placeourtrust
6.2
RationalSequence(graycellsforsupportingevidences)
IcreatetheJinnandmankindfornoreasonbuttoworshipme.
See15:24
Neitherdrowsinessnorsleeptakeaholdofhim
AndHestheonewhocreatedthenightandthedayandthesun
andthemoon.
Darknessfirst,lightsecond.
AndHeinstalled/madeshadesofdarkness&light.
Authorityfirst,rulesecond.
AndHeistheultimateauthority,thewise/theperpetualruler.
Powerfirst,authoritysecond.
CertainlyAllahistrulyimmenselypowerful,enentity
commandingauthority.
AndwhoeveristoobeyAllahandthemessenger,thenthoseare
amongtheonesAllahfavoreduponfromtheprophets,the
relentlesslytruthful,thewitnesses/martyrs&therighteous.
1:4,5
39:66
2:172
67:29
51:56
2:255
21:33
6:1
59:1
22:40,
70,
4:69
FromYouandfromNuh,Ibrahim,MusaandIsathesonof
Maryam.
AndHeisthehearing,theseeing.
40:20,17:1,40:56,76:2
Alsosee
HowmagnificentHisseeing&Hishearing
OurLord!Wehaveseenandheard
Thoseengagedincircumambulation,thoseinretreatfor
worship,thosewhobowandthosewhoprostrate
MakeRuku,makesajdah,worshipyourLordanddogood.
Thenfromyouthereisthedisbelieverandfromyouthereisthe
believer.See12:103
Fromamongthemtherestheonewronginghisownself.
Fromamongthemthereistheoneactingfairly.
Fromamongthemthereistheonewhoiscompetingingood
deeds.
Themale&femalethief
Theadulteressandtheadulterer
()
33:7
42:11
18:26
32:12
2:125
22:77
64:2
35:32
5:38
24:2
34:2
10:49
11&12,
50
34:42
39
3:157
3:158
6:151
17:31
2:7
45:23
6:102
)(
ContextualizedSequence
6.3
TheonlyinstanceintheQuranofRaheem(merciful)precedingGhafoor
(forgiving)
11:harmthenbenefit:
12:harmthenrelief:
50:harm
39:expandingprovisionthencontractingit
IfyouwerekilledinAllahspathordiedotherwise
Andevenifyoudiedorwerekilled
Donotkillyourchildrenbecauseofbankruptcy.Itiswewhoprovide
youandthem.
Donotkillyourchildrenoutoffearofbankruptcy.Itiswewhoprovide
themandyou.
45:8
100
)(shirk
101
(creativepower)
40:62
29:52
17:96
62:11
17:88
55:33
62:12
)(
)(
)(
57
61
Say,Allahisenoughbetweenmeandyourselvesasa
witness
ThosewhobelievedinfalsehoodanddisbelievedinAllah;
Thoseareinfactthesufferersofloss.
SayAllahisenoughasawitnessbetweenmeand
yourselves
CertainlyHehasalwaysbeenfullyacquaintedand
constantlyobservantinregardstoHisslaves.
Whentheysawtradeorentertainment
WhatAllahhasisbetterthanentertainmentand(better)
thantrade.
Evenifhumanbeings&jinnweregathered
Ohgatheringofjinnandhumanbeings!...
7
1.
AllegedGrammaticalErrorsintheQuran
7.1 Righteousness
ItisallegedthatLAYSAALBIRRAshould
havebeenLAYSAALBIRRU
ItisallegedthatALSABIREENAshouldhave
beenALSABIROONA
ItisallegedthatALKITAAB(thebook)
shouldhavebeenALKUTUB(thebooks)
2:177
ItisnotrighteousnessthatyeturnyourfacesTowardseastorWest;butitisrighteousnesstobelieveinAllahandtheLastDay,andtheAngels,andtheBook,andthe
Messengers;tospendofyoursubstance,outofloveforHim,foryourkin,fororphans,fortheneedy,forthewayfarer,forthosewhoask,andfortheransomofslaves;tobe
steadfastinprayer,andpracticeregularcharity;tofulfilthecontractswhichyehavemade;andtobefirmandpatient,inpain(orsuffering)andadversity,andthroughoutall
periodsofpanic.Sucharethepeopleoftruth,theAllah.fearing.
7.2
TwoGroupsofBelieversFight
ItisallegedthatIQTATALOO(theyfought)
shouldhavebeenIQTATALATAA(thenboth
ofthemfought)
49:9
IftwopartiesamongtheBelieversfallintoaquarrel,makeyepeacebetweenthem:butifoneofthemtransgressesbeyondboundsagainsttheotherthenfightye(all)against
theonethattransgressesuntilitcomplieswiththecommandofAllah;butifitcompliesthenmakepeacebetweenthemwithjusticeandbefair:forAllahlovesthosewhoarefair
(andjust).
7.3
UnexpectedDeclination
ItisallegedthatthewordAKUNgivenitsplacesshouldhavebeendeclineddifferently
asAKOONA
()
63:10
andspendsomething(incharity)outofthesubstancewhichWehavebestowedonyou,beforeDeathshouldcometoanyofyouandheshouldsay,"OmyLord!whydidstThou
notgivemerespiteforalittlewhile?Ishouldthenhavegiven(largely)incharity,andIshouldhavebeenoneofthedoersofgood"
7.4
TheGenderofMercy
ItisallegedthatthewordRAHMATUN(fem.)shouldhaveresultedintheword
QAREEBUN(masc.)tooccurinitsfeminineformasQAREEBATUN.
7:56
()
Donomischiefontheearth,afterithathbeensetinorder,butcallonHimwithfearandlonging(inyourhearts):fortheMercyofAllahis(always)neartothosewhodogood.
IntegralRelationshipsBetweenBeginnings&EndingsofSurahs
)AlBaqarah(2
8.01
8.02
AlQalam(68)
)8.03 AleImran(3
)8.04 Yousuf(12
)8.05 AlRad(13
8.06 AlHijr
ASurveyoftheSomeLiteraryFeaturesofSurahYousuf
9.1
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
TheLayoutofthePlot
Yousufsdream(46).
Thebrothers'plotagainstYousuf(818).
Ministerswife'sattempttoseduceYousuf(2329).
AsimilarattemptbyEgyptianladies(3031).[3]
Yousufsimprisonment(35).
Theking'sdream(4344).
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
Thekingsdreaminterpreted(4549)
Yousufsreleasefromprison(50)
Confessionoftheladiesfollowedbyministerswife(51)
Brotherslearntheirlesson(58)
Yousufsdreaminterpreted(100)
Sections9.2,9.3&9.4willbediscussedinclass
9.5
CharacterDepictions
Hisopinionsofhissons
()
Thefirstconflictinthestory()
Hissharpintuition&divinelygivenspiritualhealing:
()
Yaqoub(AS)
a.
b.
c.
()
()
()
()
d. Intelligentforesight,notnaivet
e. TrustinAllahcoupledwithproperworldlyprecaution:therightbalancebetweenDivineDecree&HumanWill
)(
)(
f. Hissensitivenaturecoupledwithhisunflinchingpatience
)(
)(
Yousuf(AS)
Thedemeanorinspeechasayoungboy:
)Awarenessofself&theLord:(
Worldlyprecaution&RelianceontheDivine:
a.
b.
c.
) (
d.
)( Heknowsnottomissanyopportunitytodeliverhisconvictions:
) (
)(
)(
)(
)(
e.
Eveninprison,hischaracterandnobilityisdistinguishable:
Honorvs.Imprisonment
f.
Humilitydoesntkeephimfromtakingresponsibilitywithconfidence
g.
Sharperinmemorythanhisbrothers:
TheBrothers:
Mobmentality:
Theygaveintojahl:
)(
)Intheend,thereisadmissionofguilt:(
Wheredoeshonorcomefrom?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Theministerswife:
)Evilgenius:(
h.
a.
b.
Motivesforadmissionremainunclear.(i)truthisabouttocomeoutanywayor(ii)Yousuf(AS)leavesouthernamewhenunraveling
theconspiracysoshehasararemomentofmoralintegrity
c.
Dominatingwoman.IfshecanthaveYousuf,sheboaststhatshecanhavehimimprisoned.Theministerdoesnothingtoundohis
wifesentanglementssuggestingadomineeringroleinthehouse.
TheMinister:Speaksonlyonthreeoccasions:
)(
)(
) (
ForSection10(CoherenceBetweenSurahs),wewillbereadingselectpassagesfromtheQuraninclass.
PleasebringacopyofQuranictranslation(yourchoice)totheseminar.
11 QuranicOaths
11.1
43:2
( )
()
()
1.HaMim2.bytheBookthatmakesthingsclear,3.wehavemadeitaQur'anInArabic,thatyemaybeabletounderstand(andlearnwisdom).
11.2
92:14
( )
()
1.bythenightAsitconceals(thelight);2.bytheDayAsitappearsInglory;3.by(theMysteryof)thecreationofmaleandfemale;4.Verily,(theends)yestriveforarediverse.
11.3
93:14
()
()
1.bythegloriousmorninglight,2.andbythenightwhenitisstill,3.ThyGuardianLordhathnotforsakenthee,norisHedispleased.4.andVerilytheHereafterwillbe
betterforTheethanthepresent.
11.4
84:1619
()
()
(
16.soIdocalltowitnesstheruddyglowofSunset;17.thenightanditsHoming;18.andthemoonInHerfullness:19.yeshallsurelytravelfromstagetostage.
11.5
77:17
( )
()
( )
( )
( )
()
()
1.
bythe(Winds)sentforthoneafteranother(toman'sprofit);2.whichthenblowviolentlyIntempestuousGusts,3.andscatter(things)farandwide;4.thenseparate
them,onefromanother,5.thenspreadabroadaMessage,6.whetherofJustificationorofWarning;7.Assuredly,whatyearepromisedmustcometopass.
11.5
( )
( )
()
(
100:15
1.bythe(Steeds)thatrun,withpanting(breath),2.andstrikesparksoffire,3.andpushhomethechargeInthemorning,4.andraisethedustIncloudsthewhile,
5.andpenetrateForthwithintothemidst(ofthefoe)enmasse;6.trulymanis,toHisLord,ungrateful;
11.6
102:13
()
( )
( )
1.by(theTokenof)time(throughtheages),2.VerilymanisInloss,3.exceptsuchAshaveFaith,anddorighteousdeeds,and(jointogether)Inthemutualteachingoftruth,
andofpatienceandconstancy.
11.7
97:14
()
1.bytheFigandtheOlive,2.andtheMountofSinai,3.andThisCityofsecurity,4.wehaveindeedcreatedmanInthebestofmoulds,
12 QuranicExamples
12.1
22:31Theconsequencesofshirk
()
12.2
2:74Thevaryingstatesofhearts
()
12.3
31.beingtrueInFaithtoAllah,andneverassigningpartnerstohim:ifanyoneassigns
partnerstoAllah,isAsifHehadfallenfromheavenandbeensnatchedupbybirds,or
the wind had swooped (Like a bird on its prey) and thrown Him into a far distant
place.
74.Thenceforthwereyourheartshardened:TheybecamelikearockandEvenworse
In hardness. for among rocks there are some from which rivers gush forth; others
therearewhichwhensplitasundersendforthwater;andotherswhichsinkforfearof
Allah.andAllahisnotunmindfulofwhatyedo.
2:264,265Themotivesforspending
( )
264.Oyewhobelieve!cancelnotyourcharitybyremindersofyourgenerosityorby
injury,likethosewhospendtheirsubstancetobeseenofmen,butbelieveneitherIn
Allah nor In the Last Day. They are In parable like a hard, barren rock, on which is a
Littlesoil:onitfallsheavyrain,whichleavesit(Just)abarestone.Theywillbeableto
donothingwithaughtTheyhaveearned.andAllahguidethnotthosewhorejectFaith.
265.andthelikenessofthosewhospendtheirsubstance,seekingtopleaseAllahand
to strengthen their souls, is As a garden, high and fertile: heavy rain falls on it but
makes it yield a double increase of harvest, and if it receives not heavy rain, light
moisturesufficethit.Allahseethwellwhateveryedo.
12.4
22:73Thepowerlessnessoffalsedivinities
()
12.5
13:17Thestruggleofthemessenger
12.6
73.Omen!hereisaparablesetforth!listentoit!thoseonwhom,besidesAllah,ye
call,cannotcreate(Even)afly,ifTheyallmettogetherforthepurpose!andifthefly
shouldsnatchawayanythingfromthem,Theywouldhavenopowertoreleaseitfrom
thefly.feeblearethosewhopetitionandthosewhomTheypetition!
17.HeSendsdownwaterfromtheskies,andthechannelsflow,Eachaccordingtoits
measure:butthetorrentbearsawaytofoamthatmountsuptothesurface.Evenso,
fromthat(ore)whichTheyheatInthefire,tomakeornamentsorutensilstherewith,
thereisascumlikewise.ThusdothAllah(byparables)ShowforthtruthandVanity.for
the scumdisappears like frothcast out; while that which is for the good of Mankind
remainsontheearth.ThusdothAllahsetforthparables.
57:20Worldlyaspirations
20. know ye (all), that the life of This world is but play and amusement, pomp and
mutual boasting and multiplying, (in rivalry) among yourselves, riches and children.
hereisasimilitude:Howrainandthegrowthwhichitbringsforth,delight(thehearts
of)thetillers;soonitwithers;Thouwiltseeitgrowyellow;thenitbecomesdryand
crumblesaway.butIntheHereafterisapenaltysevere(forthedevoteesofwrong).
and forgiveness from Allah and (His) good pleasure (for the devotees of Allah.. and
whatisthelifeofThisworld,butgoodsandchattelsofdeception?
13 QuranicImagery
13.1
13.2
81:1718
9:38
()
()
17.andthenightAsitdissipates;18.andthedawnAsitbreathesawaythedarkness;
38.Oyewhobelieve!whatisthematterwithyou,that,whenyeareaskedtogoforth
InthecauseofAllah,yeclingheavilytotheearth?doyepreferthelifeofThisworldto
theHereafter?butLittleisthecomfortofThislife,AscomparedwiththeHereafter.
13.3
2:250
13.4
21:18
()
13.5
18.Nay,wehurlthetruthagainstfalsehood,anditknocksoutitsbrain,andBehold,
falsehooddothperish!Ah!woebetoyouforthe(false)thingsyeascribe(tous).
2:250
()
13.6
257.AllahistheProtectorofthosewhohavefaith:fromthedepthsofdarknessHewill
leadthemforthintolight.ofthosewhorejectFaiththepatronsaretheevilones:from
lightTheywillleadthemforthintothedepthsofdarkness.Theywillbecompanionsof
thefire,todwelltherein(forever).
6:125
250. when They advanced to meet Goliath and His forces, They prayed: "Our Lord!
pouroutconstancyonusandmakeOurstepsfirm:helpusagainstthosethatreject
faith."
125.thosewhomAllah(inHisplan)willethtoguide, HeopeneththeirbreasttoIslam;
those whom He willeth to leave straying, He maketh their breast close and
constricted,AsifTheyhadtoclimbuptotheskies:ThusdothAllah(heap)thepenalty
onthosewhorefusetobelieve.
13.7
13.8
25:23
7:175
23.andweshallturntowhateverdeedsTheydid(inThislife),andweshallmakesuch
deedsAsfloatingdustscatteredabout.
175.relatetothemthestoryofthemantowhomwesentOurSigns,butHepassed
themby:soSatanfollowedHimup,andHewentastray.
176. if it had been Our will, we should have elevated Him with Our Signs; but He
inclinedtotheearth,andfollowedHisownvaindesires.Hissimilitudeisthatofadog:
ifyouattackhim,HelollsoutHistongue,orifyouleaveHimalone,He(still)lollsout
His tongue. that is the similitude of those who reject Our Signs; so relate the story;
PerchanceTheymayreflect.
35:43
14 SelectProverbialQuotesFromTheQuran
6:164
17:15
35:18
39:7
10:23
74:38
55:26
6:67
17:84
28:77
28:77
23:53
30:32
63:4
18:104
22:73
5:1
59:14
15 DialogueintheQuran
15.1
124. and remember that Abraham was tried by His Lord with certain commands, which He fulfilled: He said: "I will make Thee an Imam to the Nations." He
pleaded: "And also (Imams) from My offspring!" He answered: "But My promise is not within the reach of evildoers."125. remember we made the House a
placeofassemblyformenandaplaceofsafety;andtakeyethestationofAbrahamAsaplaceofprayer;andwecovenantedwithAbrahamandIsma'il,that
TheyshouldsanctifyMyHouseforthosewhocompassitround,oruseitAsaretreat,orbow,orprostratethemselves(thereinInprayer).126.andremember
Abrahamsaid:"MyLord,makeThisaCityofPeace,andfeeditspeoplewithfruits,suchofthemAsbelieveInAllahandtheLastDay."Hesaid:"(Yea),andsuch
AsrejectFaith,forawhilewillIgrantthemtheirpleasure,butwillsoondrivethemtothetormentofFire,anevildestination(indeed)!"127.andremember
Abraham and Isma'il raised the foundations of the House (with This prayer): "Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us: for Thou art the AllHearing, the All
Knowing.128."OurLord!makeofusMuslims,bowingtoThy(Will),andofOurprogenyapeopleMuslim,bowingtoThy(will);andShowusOurplaceforthe
celebrationof(due)rites;andturnuntous(inMercy);forThouarttheOftReturning,MostMerciful.129."OurLord!sendamongstthemanMessengeroftheir
own,whoshallrehearseThySignstothemandinstructthemInScriptureandWisdom,andsanctifythem:forThouarttheExaltedInMight,theWise."130.and
whoturnsawayfromtheReligionofAbrahambutsuchAsdebasetheirsoulswithfolly?HimwechoseandrenderedpureInThisworld:andHewillbeInthe
HereafterIntheranksoftheRighteous.131.Behold!HisLordsaidtohim:"Bow(thywilltoMe):"Hesaid:"Ibow(mywill)totheLordandCherisherofthe
Universe."132.andThiswasthelegacythatAbrahamlefttoHissons,andsodidJacob;"OhMysons!AllahhathchosentheFaithforyou;thendienotexceptIn
theFaithofIslam."133.wereyewitnesseswhendeathappearedbeforeJacob?Behold,HesaidtoHissons:"Whatwillyeworshipafterme?"Theysaid:"We
shallworshipThyAllahandtheAllahofThyfathers,ofAbraham,Isma'ilandIsaac,theone(true)Allah.toHimwebow(inIslam)."134.thatwasapeoplethat
hathpassedaway.TheyshallreapthefruitofwhatTheydid,andyeofwhatyedo!oftheirmeritsthereisnoquestionInyourcase!
15.1
StingyGardenersinDialogue 68:1733
17.VerilywehavetriedthemAswetriedthepeopleofthegarden,whenTheyresolvedtogathertheFruitsofthe(garden)Inthemorning.18.butmadeno
reservation,("IfitbeAllahsWill").19.thentherecameonthe(garden)avisitationfromThyLord,(whichsweptaway)allaround,whileTheywereasleep.20.
sothe(garden)became,bythemorning,likeadarkanddesolatespot,(whosefruithadbeengathered).21.Asthemorningbroke,Theycalledout,oneto
another,22."Goyetoyourtilth(betimes)Inthemorning,ifyewouldgatherthefruits."
23.soTheydeparted,conversingInsecretlowtones,(saying)24."LetnotasingleindigentpersonbreakInuponyouintothe(garden)ThisDay."25.andThey
openedthemorning,strongInan(unjust)resolve.26.butwhenTheysawthe(garden),Theysaid:"WehavesurelylostOurway:27."Indeedweareshutout
(oftheFruitsofOurlabour)!"
28.saidoneofthem,morejust(thantherest):"DidInotsaytoyou,'Whynotglorify((Allah))?'"29.Theysaid:"GlorytoOurLord!Verilywehavebeendoing
wrong!"
30.thenTheyturned,oneagainstanother,Inreproach.31.Theysaid:"Alasforus!wehaveindeedtransgressed!32."ItmaybethatOurLordwillgiveusIn
exchangeabetter(garden)thanthis:forwedoturntoHim(inrepentance)!"33.suchisthepunishment(inThislife);butgreateristhepunishmentInthe
Hereafter,ifonlyTheyknew!
15.3
DialoguebetweenMusa(AS)andFirown 26:950
9.andVerily,ThyLordisHe,theExaltedInMight,MostMerciful.10.Behold,ThyLordcalledMoses:"Gotothepeopleofiniquity,
11. "The people of the
Pharaoh:willTheynotfearAllah."12.Hesaid:"OMyLord!IdofearthatTheywillchargemewithfalsehood:13."Mybreastwillbestraitened.andMyspeech
maynotgo(smoothly):sosenduntoAaron.14."And(further),TheyhaveachargeofcrimeagainstMe;andIfearTheymayslayme."15.Allahsaid:"Byno
means!proceedthen,bothofyou,withOurSigns;wearewithyou,andwilllisten(toyourcall).16."Sogoforth,bothofyou,toPharaoh,andsay:'Wehave
beensentbytheLordandCherisheroftheworlds;
17."'SendThouwithustheChildrenofIsrael.'"18.(Pharaoh)said:"DidwenotcherishTheeAsachildamongus,andDidstThounotstayInOurmidstmany
yearsofThylife?
19."AndThouDidstadeedofThinewhich(thouknowest)Thoudidst,andThouartanungrateful(wretch)!"20.Mosessaid:"Ididitthen,whenIwasInerror.
21."SoIfledfromyou(all)whenIfearedyou;butMyLordhas(since)investedmewithJudgment(andwisdom)andappointedmeAsoneoftheapostles.22.
"And This is the favour with which Thou dost reproach me, that Thou hast enslaved the Children of Israel!" 23. Pharaoh said: "And what is the 'Lord and
Cherisher of the worlds'?" 24. (Moses) said: "The Lord and Cherisher of the heavens and the earth, and all between, if ye Want to be Quite sure." 25.
(Pharaoh)saidtothosearound:"Didyenotlisten(towhatHesays)?"
26.(Moses)said:"YourLordandtheLordofyourfathersfromthebeginning!"27.(Pharaoh)said:"Trulyyourapostlewhohasbeensenttoyouisaveritable
madman!"
28.(Moses)said:"Lordoftheeastandthewest,andallbetween!ifyeonlyhadsense!"29.(Pharaoh)said:"IfThoudostputforwardanygodotherthanme,I
willcertainlyputTheeInprison!"30.(Moses)said:"EvenifIshowedyousomethingClear(and)convincing?"31.(Pharaoh)said:"Showitthen,ifThoutellest
thetruth!"32.so(Moses)threwHisrod,andBehold,itwasaserpent,plain(foralltosee)!33.andHedrewoutHishand,andBehold,itwaswhitetoall
beholders!34.(Pharaoh)saidtotheChiefsaroundhim:"Thisisindeedasorcererwellversed:35."HisplanistogetyououtofyourlandbyHissorcery;then
whatisityecounsel?"36.Theysaid:"KeepHimandHisbrotherInsuspense(forawhile),anddispatchtothecitiesheraldstocollect37."Andbringupto
Theeall(our)sorcererswellversed."38.sothesorcerersweregottogetherfortheappointmentofaDaywellknown,39.andthepeopleweretold:"Areye
(now)assembled?40."Thatwemayfollowthesorcerers(inreligion)ifTheywin?"
41.sowhenthesorcerersarrived,TheysaidtoPharaoh:"Ofcourseshallwehavea(suitable)rewardifwewin?42.Hesaid:"Yea,(andmore),foryeshallIn
thatcasebe(raisedtoposts)nearest(toMyperson)."43.Mosessaidtothem:"Throwyethatwhichyeareabouttothrow!"44.soTheythrewtheirropes
andtheirrods,andsaid:"BythemightofPharaoh,itiswewhowillcertainlywin!"45.thenMosesthrewHisrod,when,Behold,itstraightwayswallowsupall
thefalsehoodswhichTheyfake!
46.thendidthesorcerersfalldown,prostrateInadoration,47.saying:"WebelieveIntheLordoftheWorlds,48."TheLordofMosesandAaron."49.said
(Pharaoh):"BelieveyeInHimbeforeIgiveyoupermission?surelyHeisyourleader,whohastaughtyousorcery!butsoonshallyeknow!Verily,Iwillcutoff
yourhandsandyourfeetonoppositesides,andIwillcrucifyyouall.50."BesureIwillcutoffyourhandsandyourfeetonoppositesides,andIwillcauseyou
alltodieonthecross!"51.Theysaid:"Nomatter!forus,weshallbutreturntoOurLord!52."Only,OurdesireisthatOurLordwillforgiveusOurfaults,thatwemaybecome
foremostamongthebelievers!"
16 ThePlacementofQuranicStories
16.1
TheAdam(AS)NarrativeinAlBaqarah(3038)
( )
()
( )
26.Allahdisdainsnottousethesimilitudeofthings,lowestAswellAshighest.thosewhobelieveknowthatitistruthfromtheirLord;butthosewhorejectFaithsay:"What
meansAllahbyThissimilitude?"byitHecausesmanytostray,andmanyHeleadsintotherightpath;butHecausesnottostray,exceptthosewhoforsake(thepath),27.those
whobreakAllah.sCovenantafteritisratified,andwhosunderwhatAllahhasorderedtobejoined,anddomischiefonearth:thesecauseloss(only)tothemselves.28.Howcan
ye reject the Faith In Allah. seeing that ye were without life, and He gave you life; then will He cause you to die, and will again bring you to life; and again to Him will ye
return.29. it is He who hath created for you all things that are on earth; Moreover His design comprehended the heavens, for He gave order and perfection to the seven
firmaments;andofallthingsHehathperfectknowledge.30.Behold,ThyLordsaidtotheangels:"Iwillcreateavicegerentonearth."Theysaid:"WiltThouplacethereinone
whowillmakemischiefthereinandshedblood?whilstwedocelebrateThypraisesandglorifyThyholy(name)?"Hesaid:"Iknowwhatyeknownot."31.andHetaughtAdam
thenatureofallthings;thenHeplacedthembeforetheangels,andsaid:"Tellmethenatureoftheseifyeareright.
16.2
TheNarrativeofNuhin11:2327
( )
( )
()
23.butthosewhobelieveandworkrighteousness,andhumblethemselvesbeforetheirLord,TheywillbecompanionsoftheGardens,todwellthereinforaye!
24.thesetwokinds(ofmen)maybecomparedtotheblindandDeaf,andthosewhocanseeandHearwell.areTheyequalwhencompared?willyenotthentakeheed?
25.wesentNoahtoHispeople(withamission):"IhavecometoyouwithaClearWarning:26."ThatyeservenonebutAllah.VerilyIdofearforyouthepenaltyofagrievous
Day."27.buttheChiefsoftheunbelieversamongHispeoplesaid:"Wesee(in)Theenothingbutamanlikeourselves:nordoweseethatanyfollowTheebutthemeanest
amongus,InJudgmentimmature:nordoweseeInyou(all)anymeritaboveus:Infactwethingyeareliars!"
16:3
ThePeopleofthecase18:18
( )
( )
( )
( )
()
( )
1.PraisebetoAllah,whohathsenttoHisservanttheandhathallowedthereinnoCrookedness:
2. (He hath made it) straight (and Clear) In order that may warn (the godless) of a terrible punishment from him, and that He may glad tidings to the believers who work
righteousdeeds,thatTheyshallagoodlyreward,
3.whereinTheyshallremainforever:
4.further,thatHemaywarnthose(also)whosay,hathbegottenason":
5.noknowledgehaveTheyofsuchathing,norhadtheiritisagrievousthingthatissuesfromtheirmouthsAsasayingwhatsayisnothingbutfalsehood!
6.Thouwouldstonly,perchance,fretThyselftodeath,afterthem,Ingrief,ifTheybelievenotInThisMessage.
7.thatwhichisonearthwehavemadebutAsaShowfortheearth,InorderthatwemaytestthemAstowhichofarebestInconduct.
8.VerilywhatisonearthweshallmakebutAsdustandsoil(withoutgrowthorherbage).
16.4
TheStoryofTalootin2:244246
()
( )
()
244.thenFightInthecauseofAllah,andknowthatAllahhearethandknowethallthings.245.whoisHethatwillloantoAllahabeautifulloan,whichAllahwilldoubleuntoHis
creditandmultiplymanytimes?itisAllahthatgiveth(you)Wantorplenty,andtoHimshallbeyourreturn.246.hastThounotturnedThyvisiontotheChiefsoftheChildrenof
Israelafter(thetimeof)Moses?Theysaidtoaprophet(Thatwas)amongthem:"Appointforusaking,thatwemayFightInthecauseofAllah."Hesaid:"Isitnotpossible,ifye
werecommandedtofight,thatthatyewillnotfight?"Theysaid:"HowcouldwerefusetoFightInthecauseofAllah,seeingthatwewereturnedoutofOurhomesandOur
families?"butwhenTheywerecommandedtofight,Theyturnedback,exceptasmallbandamongthem.butAllahhasfullknowledgeofthosewhodowrong.
()
( )
()
16.5
TheEncounterofIbrahim(AS)withthetyrantruler 2:256258
256.lettherebenocompulsionInreligion:truthstandsoutClearfromerror:WhoeverrejectsevilandbelievesInAllahhathgraspedtheMosttrustworthyhandhold,that
neverbreaks.andAllahhearethandknowethallthings.257.AllahistheProtectorofthosewhohavefaith:fromthedepthsofdarknessHewillleadthemforthintolight.of
thosewhorejectFaiththepatronsaretheevilones:fromlightTheywillleadthemforthintothedepthsofdarkness.Theywillbecompanionsofthefire,todwelltherein(for
ever).258.hastThounotturnedThyvisiontoonewhodisputedwithAbrahamaboutHisLord,becauseAllahhadgrantedHimpower?Abrahamsaid:"MyLordisHewhogiveth
lifeanddeath."Hesaid:"Igivelifeanddeath".saidAbraham:"ButitisAllahthatcauseththesuntorisefromtheeast:doThouthencauseHimtorisefromtheWest."Thuswas
Heconfoundedwho(inarrogance)rejectedFaith.nordothAllahgiveguidancetoapeopleunjust.
17 QuranicCriticismsofVariousModesofFalseReasoning
17.1
Thethreatofforceindebate
()
68.Theysaid,"BurnHimandprotectyourgods,ifyedo(anythingatall)!"
17.2
Characterassassination
36.whentheunbelieversseethee,TheytreatTheenotexceptwithridicule."Is
this,"(Theysay),"Theonewhotalksofyourgods?"andTheyblasphemeatthe
mentionof((Allah))MostGracious!
52."AmInotbetterthanThis(Moses),whoisacontemptiblewretchandcan
scarcelyexpressHimselfclearly?
17.3
Stirringupanemotionalcrowd
63. They said: "These two are certainly (expert) magicians: their object is to
driveyououtfromyourlandwiththeirMagic,andtodoawaywithyourMost
cherishedinstitutions.64."Thereforeconcertyourplan,andthenassembleIn
(serried)ranks:Hewins(Allalong)todaywhogainstheupperhand."
17.5
43:52
20:6364
( )
()
21:5253
Torephrasetheopponentspositionfalselyand thentorefuteit
()
21:36
Tomaketheopponentquestiontheirownmodestyorloyalty
52. Behold! He said to His father and His people, "What are these images, to
whichyeare(soassiduously)devoted?"
53.Theysaid,"WefoundOurfathersworshippingthem."
17.6
()
()
21:68
3:59
18 AssortedGems&Conclusion
)(
74:3
18.1
2:143
18.2
48:15
18.3
76:5;76:17;76:21
18.4
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
)(
) (
)(
) (
)(
)(
)(
)(
23:68;38:29;4:82;47:24
18.5
31:14
18.8
ThisQuran
18.7
6:19;10:37;12:3;17:9;17:41;17:89;18:54;25:30;27:76;30:58;34:31;39:27;41:26;43:31;59:21
(Thatbook). (ThisQuran).2:2includesthephrase: Allincludethephrase: