us) United States c2) Patent Application Publication 0) Pub. No.: US 2007/0241738 Al 6, 76) en @) START UP CIRCL Baranauskas et al. METHOD. Inventors: Dalius Baranauskas, Pacific Palisades, Zeleri ragottaiyan, Carlsbad CA US): De (US); Pasur 8 cA Ws) Correspondence Address CARLSBAD, CA 92008 (US Appl. No. Filed: INK, INC. LOGG AVENUE 11/402,497 Ape: 12, 2006 Iref US 2007024173841 (43) Pub, Date: Oct. 18, 2007 Publication Classification (1) Int. ch. GosF 220 (200601) (2) US.c1 pysie “ ABSTRACT A starsup circuit for electronic circuits is provided, In one ‘embodiment, the circuit uses smaller capacitor anda ‘crent anipifcation means to force a larger capacitor t0 reach a charged state in a redaced time. The present inven- tion is useful in any type of electronic circuit wihee fast start-up times are desirable. The present invention is expe: Cally Useful in portable electronics, such as wireless com ‘munication devices, where minima power coosumpton is desired. This Absiict is provided for the sole purpose of ‘complying with the Absiact requirement rules that allow a reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the discl Sure contained herein, This Abstract is submitted with the explicit understanding that it will not be used to interpret oF to Tinit the scope or the meaaing ofthe claims.Patent Application Publication Oct. 18,2007 Sheet 1 of 7 US 2007/0241738 A1 EMITTED SIGNAL POWER NARROWBAND, COMMUNICATIONS (30-klohetz BANDWIDTH) M COMMUNICATIONS —_ULTRAWIDEBAND (802.112) [5 megahertz] COMMUNICATIONS NOISE FLOOR FREQUENCY FIG. 1 a 600- ! j-- PICOSECOND a PULSE 2 2 A; 500. = PICOSECOND & FPULSE 2 0 2 4 6 8 FREQUENCY (gigahertz) FIG. 2Patent Application Publication Oct. 18,2007 Sheet 2 of 7 US 2007/0241738 A1 106 " # oO £ e g 5 8 2 s oo eu 3« 9 i 5 8 2 2 2 5 8 e ZHW/WgP UI }eAe7 UOISsIWRPatent Application Publication Oct. 18,2007 Sheet 3 of 7 US 2007/0241738 A1 time touard FIG. 4A Iveco te ts ta time trPatent Application Publication Oct. 18,2007 Sheet 4 of 7 US 2007/0241738 A1 FIG. 5Patent Application Publication Oct. 18,2007 Sheet 5 of 7 US 2007/0241738 A1 vcc | =C1/N ‘SD N £ | 5 ° > j] = 1H z S zs 7 = 7 g == z | a = Td z ~ N die [9 7 = ese 2 re dt z . : ° O47 12V replica ZUS 2007/0241738 A1 Patent Application Publication Oct. 18,2007 Sheet 6 of 7 Z°Ol4d eoljdas AZI wel ; N/LD=29 TEINS IN/394]Patent Application Publication Oct. 18, 2007 Sheet 7 of 7 Ves Ver US 2007/0241738 A1 Pani No accelerated start-up a Charge on C, yo? With accelerated start-up Charge on C, ies Charge on C, i lca ret10241738 AL START UP CIRCUIT APPARATUS AND MI HOD FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention generally relates to elec ‘wonie circuits. More particularly, the invention concems a start-up cir BACKGROUND OP THE INVENTION [0002] The Information Age is upon us. Access to vast Quantities of information through a variety of different ‘communication systems is changing the way people work, fenteriain themselves, and communicate with each other Faster, more capable communication technologies are cot stantly being developed. For the manufacturers and design- fem of these new technologies, achieving low power con sumption is becoming an inerewsingly difficult challenge. Low power consimption is important as it directly affects the battery life of portable electronic devices [0003] The wireless device industry, which includes por lable devices, has recently seen unprecedented growth. With the growth of this industy, communication between wire- less devices has become increasingly important. There are a number of dierent technologies for inter-devie communi cations. Radio Frequeney (RE) technology has been the predominant technology for wireless device communica tions, Alternatively, electro-optical devices have been used in wircless communications, Flectr-opticl technology sf= fers from low ranges and a sirict need for line of sight. RE devices therefore provide significant advantages over elec wo-optical deviees. [0004] Conventional RF technology employs continuous sine waves that are transmitted with data embedded ia the modulation of the sine waves” amplitude or frequency. For ‘example, a conventional celular phone must operate at a particular frequency hand of a pariewlar width In he total frequency spectrum. Specifically, in the United States, the Federal Communications Commission has allocated celular phone communications in the 800 to 900 ME band. Gen- cerlly, cellular phone operators divide the allowsted band. into 25 MHz portions, With selected portions transmitting cellar phone signal, and other portions receiving cellular ‘Phone signals [0005] Another type of communication technology is Uultavideband (UWB), UWB technology’ can be fundamen tally different from conventional forms of RF technology. (One type of UWB employs a “carrier Iree” architecture, ‘which does not require the use of high frequency carrier ‘generation hardware; carrer modulation ardware: fe ‘queney and phase discrimination hardware or other compo- eats employed ia conventional frequency’ domain coms nication systems, [0006] Within UWE. communications, several different Iypes of nenorks, each with their own communication, protocols are envisioned. For example, there are Local Arca "Networks (LANs), Personal Area Networks (PANS), Wire- less Personal Area Networks (WPANS), sensor networks and others. Fach network may have its own communication, protocal [0007] Most of these forms of communications ean be implemented in portable electron devices. In these types of devices, power consuayption and therefore battery life is of Oct. 18, 2007 Significant importance. In a number of technologies, high data rate devices are relatively power consumptive. How- fever, the desire high data rate communication between portuble devices directly conllicts with an equal desire for ‘extended battery life, One approach is conservation, which requires the shuldown non-critical eicuits when they are not in use. A significant drawback to this approach isthe time necessary to restart the cicnit when itis needed [0008] Therefore, there exists a need for fast shutdow and start-up circuit for electrons contained within portable, and other types of electronic devices BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0009} Various embodiments of the present invention Taught herein are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying strawvings in which [0010] FIG. 1 isanillustration of different communication methods; [0011] FIG. 2 is an illustration of wo ultra-wideband ples: [0012} FIG. 3 depicts the current United States regulatory ‘mask for outdoor ulrasideband communication devices: [0013] FIG. 44 itlustmtes transmit and receive ames and ‘the guard time between the frames; [0014] FIG. 4B illustrates power-up time periods prior to ‘ransmission and reception ofthe frames iustrated in FIG. 4. [0015] FIG. 5 illustrates «conventional circuit comprising ‘a current source and current mirrors, [0016] FIG. 6 ilusirtes a circuit consistemt with one ‘embodiment of the present invention; [0017] FIG. 7 illustrates a circuit consistent with another ‘embodiment of the present invention: [0018] FIG. 8A illustrates a timing diagram of a conven- tional electronic circuit; and [0019] FIG. 88 illustrates a timing diagram of a cireuit ‘constricted according to the present invention. [0020] 11 will be recognized that some oral of the Figures are setematie representations for purposes of lustration and ‘donot necessarily depict the actu relative sizes or locations of the elements shown. The Figures are provided for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments of the invention with the explicit understanding that they will not ‘he used to limit the scope or the meaning of the elms DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION. (0021) Inthe following paragraphs, the present invention will be described in detail by way of example with reference to the ataehed drawings. While this iaventon is capable of ‘embodiment in many diferent forms, thee is shown in the ‘drawsings and will herein be described in detail specific ‘embodiments, with the understanding thatthe present dis- ‘losire is to be considered as an example of the principles ‘of the invention and no intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. That is,10241738 AL ‘throughout this description, the embodiments and examples shown should be considered as exemplar, rather than as limitations on the present invention, Descriptions of well- ‘known components, methods and/or processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the invention, ‘AS used herein, the “present invention” refers to aay one of ‘the embodiments ofthe invention described herein, andl any ‘equivalents. Furthermore reference to various feature(s) of the “present invention” throughout this document does not ‘mcan that all claimed embodiments or methods must include the referenced features), [0022] The present invention provides # novel star-up. Circuit For communications deviees. In one embodiment of the present invention comprises a capacitor that ix charged by & curent source. The current source is mimored to provide a langer current to charge & langer capacitor, One feature of this embodiment is that the larger capacitor ‘provides stability to the circuit while the ime required to bring the cienit to an operational point is reduced. [0023] The present invention eireuit is partieuarly useful, but_not limited to, applications in portable electronics devices where minimal power consumption is desired. Some forms of portable electronics may employ one, of more Wireless communieation technologies. One type of coms nication technology i ultra wideband (UWB). One emb ‘ment of the present invention contemplates portable cont: munication device that employs UWP technology. ‘This ‘embodiment may employ a “burst” communication mode, hocause data rates achievable wsing UWB may exceed the portable devices’ capacity to process the data. In this appli Cation, the UWB-enabled portable device may tansmit ata very high data rate for a short period of time (i.e, “burst”) then shut down, to conserve power and batery life. In this embodiment, rapid star-up circuits may belp to minimize power coasumption, [0024] The embodiments of the present invention dis- cussed below may be used with ultrawideband (UWB) ‘communication technology, as well as oer forms of eom- ‘munication technology. Referring t FIGS. 1 and 2, ispulse type UWB communication employs discrete pulses of elec~ ‘womagnetic enemy that are emitted at, for example, nanosacond or picosecond intervals (generally tens of pico- seconds to afew nanoseconds in duration), For this reason, this type of ultra-wideband is often called “impulse radio.” “That is, impulse-lype UWA pulses may be transmitted ‘without modulation onto a sine Wave, or a sinusoidal carrer, in contrast with conventional carrier wave communication technology. Impulse-type UWB may operate in virally frequency band and in some applications may not require the use of power amplifier. [0025] _An example of a conventional carier wave com- munication technology is illustrated in PIG. 1. IEEE 802,110 is a wireless local area network (LAN) protocol, which Iwansmits a sinusoidal radio frequeney signal at aS GHz center frequency, with a radio frequency spread of about $ MHz. As defined horein, a carier wave is an electromag: netic Wave of a specified frequency and amplitude ‘mitted by a radio transmitter in order to ear information ‘The 802.11 protocol is an example ofa carrier wave com: munication technology. The carrer save comprises a sub- stantially continuous sinusoidal waveform having a specific narrow rao frequency (5 Mllz) that has dation that may range ffom seconds to minutes, Oct. 18, 2007 [0026] In contrast, sn ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse may havea 2.0GHz center frequency, with a frequency spread of approximately 4 GHz, as shown in FIG. 2, which illustrates ‘wo typical impulse-type UWE. pulses, PIG. 2 illustrates that the shorter the UWE pulse in time, the broader the spread of its frequency spectrum. This is because bandwidth is inversely proportional to the time dnration of the pulse. A {600-picosecond UWE prlse can have about a 18 Gllz ‘center frequency, with a frequency spread of approximately 1L6 GHz and a 300-picosecond UWE pulse ean have about 2.3 GHz center frequency, with a froqueacy spread of approximately 33 GHz. Thus, UWB pulses generally do not ‘operate within a specific frequency, as shown in FIG. I. In ‘addition, either of the pulses shown in FIG. 2 may be frequency shifted, for example, by using heterodyning, have essentially the same bandwidth but centered at any desired frequency. And because UWE pulses are spread across an extremely wide frequency range, UWB cot nication systems allow communications at very high data ries, such a hundreds of Mewa-bits per second or greater, inchading Giga-bits per second. [0027]. Several different methods of ultra-wideband (UWE) communications have been proposed. For wireless UWB communications in the United Stats, all of these ‘methods must meet the constraints recently established by the Federal Communications Commission (PCC) in their Report and Order issued Apr. 22, 2002 (FT Docket 98-153), Corently, the FCC is allowing limited UWB comminica- tions, but as UWB systems are deployed, and additional ‘experience wit this new technology fs gained, the FCC may revie its current limits and allow for expanded vse of UWB communication technology [0028] The FCC April 22 Report and Order requires that UWB pulses, or signals most occupy greater than 20% froctional bandwidth or 500 Meya-Hlertz of radio lrequency, ‘whichever is smaller. Fractional bandwidth is defined as times the difference between the high and low 10 dB cutoll frequencies divided by the sum ofthe high and low 10 dB cewoll Trequencies. Specially, the fractional bandwidih equation is [0029] where f is the high 10 dP cutof frequency, and f isthe low 10 dB eof frequency. [0030] Stated differently, fractional handwidth is the per ‘centage ofa signal’s center frequency that the signal vceu- pics. For example, «signal having a center frequency of 10 Miz, and a bandwidth of 2 MHz (.e, from 9 to 11 MHZ), thas 2 20% fractional bandwidth. That is, center Hequency, fetlet2 [0031] _F1G. 3 illustrates te ultra-wideband emission lime its for indoor systems mandated by the April 22 Report and (Onder. The Report and Order constrains UW communica- tions tothe frequency spectrum between 3.1. GHz and 10.6 GHz, with intentional emissions to not exosed —41.3 dBm! Miz. The report and order also establishes emission limits for hand-held UWE systems, vehicular radar systems, me- cal imaging systems, surveillance systems, through-wallherein may be employed indoors, and/or outdoors, and may be fixed, andor mobile, and may employ ether a Wireless oF ‘wire media for a communication channel [0032] Adkitionslly, the Intemational Telecommnia tions Union Task Group U8 (TU-TG 1/8) is curently debating ITU recommendations for UWE communications. Jn some counties the eauations adopted for UWB com munications will clifer Irom the FCC definition, but shoul ‘be similar in nature, For example, the Japanese Ministry of Innemal AMsrs and Communications (MIC) is currentiy debating the allowance of UWE in Japan In this debate one ‘proposal sto allow WB comminications in tw fraueney bands, one from 3.4 GHz to 48 GHz the eter fom 7.28 Gilets 10.6GHs. ITU peoposal submited bythe Poropean Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administra tion (CEPT) would allow UWE trasmission only above 6 Gi¥z. A definition of UWB therefore may not be Himited 9 specific frequency bands employed [0033] Generally in te ease ofwieless communication, f moliplicity of UWB signals moy be tanamittd at rl tively low power density (Mili-Watts per Mega-Hert) However, an sltemative UWB communication sytem, Tocated ouside the United States, may ans a higher posse density. For example, UWB signals may be tansiit ted between 30 dim to 80 dim [0034] Communication standards committees associated With the Interational Insitute of Eleesial and Blectroies Engineers (IFFF) are considering a number of ultra-wide- ‘band (UWB) wireless communication methods that meet the ‘constraints established by the FCC. One UW communi- cation method may transmit UWB pulses that eceupy 500 MHz bands within the 7.5 GHz ECC allocation ({rom 3.1 Giz t 106 Giz). In one embodiment of this communies- tion method, UWB pulses have about a 2-nanosecond dura ibn, which Corresponds 1 about SOO Mz bundwidib, The ‘center frequency of the UW pales ean be varied to place them wherever desired within the 75 GIlz allocation, In ‘another embodiment of this communication method, an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFT) is performed on parallel data to produce 122 carriers, each approximately 4.125 MHz wide, In this embodiment, also. known 36 ‘Orthogonal Frequeney Division Multiplexing (OFDM), the ‘resultant UWB pulse, or signal is approximately 506 MHz ‘wide, and has approximately 242-nanosecond tration, I meets the FCC ries for UWE communications beeause itis fan aggregation of many relatively sarow hand carriers rather than beeause of the duration of each pulse, [0035] Another UWB communication method being ‘evaluated by the IEEE standards committees comprises transmitting diserete UWB pulses that occupy greater than 500 Miz of frequeney spectrum. For example, in one ‘embodiment of this communication method, UWB pulse ‘durations may vary from 2 nanoseconds, which occupies about 500 Miz, to about 133 picosecond, which occupies about 7.5 GHz of bandwidth. That is, a single UWB pulse ‘may occupy substantially all of the entire allocation for ‘communications (from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GH). [0036] Yer another UWB communication method being. fevaluated by the IEEE. standards committees comprises ‘tansmitting a sequence of pulses that may be approximately Oct. 18, 2007 (07 nanoseconds or les in duration, and at a chipping rate of approximately 1.4 Giga pulses per second. The pulses are ‘modulated using a Direct-Sequence modulation technique, ‘and is known in the industry as DS-UWB. Operation in wo ‘ands is contemplated, with one band is contered near 4 GHz with a 14 GHz wide signal, while the second band is centered neat 8 GHz, with a 2.8 GH wide UWB signal ‘Operation may occur at either or both of the UWB bands. Data rates between about 28 Mega-bis!second to as much as 1,320 Mega-bitssecond are contemplated, [0037] Another method of UWB communications com: prises transmitting a modulated continuous cartier wave ‘where the frequency occupied by the transmitted signal ‘occupies more than the required 20 percent fractional band ‘width. In this method the continuous earrier wave may be ‘modulated ina time period that eeates the frequency band ‘occupancy. For example, if» 4 GHz. carer is modulated using binary phase shift Keying (BPSK) with data time periods of 750 picoseconds, the resultant signal may aecupy 3 GHz of bandwidth around a center frequency of 4 GHz, In this example, the fractional bandwidth is approximately 32.5%. This signal would be considered) UWB under the FCC regulation diseussed above. [0038] Thus, described above are four different methods ‘of ultra-wideband (UWB) communication. It will be appre- ciated thatthe present invention may be employed by any of the above-described UWB methods, or others yet to be developed. One characteristic of UWB communications is the bandwidth occupied by UWB signals is very lrge and the data rates are very high. Traditionally, high data rate svircless devices consume more power than lower dats rate devices, This characteristic makes it dificult to design circuits for portable electronic applications were battery life is an important consideration, Many electoaie devices ‘that employ conventional, or UWB communication technol- ‘ogy ean benefit from the cireuits disclosed herein, [0039] Specific embodiments ofthe invention will now be further described by the following, non-limiting examples ‘which will serve to illustrate Various features, The examples are intended merely to failtate an understanding of ways in ‘which the invention may be practiced and to further enable those of skil in the at to practice the invention. Accord ingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope ofthe invention, [0040] The present invention is usefl in any electronic circuit, and especialy in electonie ciruits where acceler- ated start-up times are desired. In a preferred embodiment, the circuits described herein are employed in portable wire. less communication devices. The present iavention is pa ticularly useful in portable communication devices th ‘employ UWE communication technology. For example, ‘some applications foreseen for a portable communication device that employs UWB communication technology may ‘be a mode where the portable device bursts at ahh data rite and then either shuts down, oF “sleeps” for a time period. For example, in many wireless portable devices, the data processing capability ofthe deviee may be substantially lower than the data rate capability provided by the UWB ‘communication technology. When transfering a file from ‘one portable device to another or from a portable device to any other type of device, it may be advantageous fo transmit fa very high rte, and then shut down while the receiving device processes the received dat,10241738 AL [0041] Referring now to FIG. 4A, in communication sys- tems that use “Tames” to transmit dat, there may be breaks between the transmission andor reception of frames. For ‘example, a transiting deviee may transmit a frame (TX. Frame), and then have a guard period (iguard) before reveiving « frame (Rx Frame), These time periods are usally negotiated or assigned by a common contmuaicaton ‘protocol running within each device. During the Tuan time ‘8 device may power down some portion ofits circuitry in ‘onder to save power and extend battery life [0042] However, as shown in FIG. 4B, in some instances the power-up time period before transmission ean be iit ated (2-11) and the power-up time period required before the receiver can be started (14-3) can comprise a significant time period. These power-up periods fimit the amount of time a device ean remain in alow power state. Therefore it isadvantageous the start-up time ofthe transmit and roocive circuits. One advantage of the preset invention is that by minimizing a circuits startup time, the guard time intervals (quard) may be redueed. In some applications, such as portable devices the guard time intervals may allow for a “power dowa” mode, In devioes where battery life is not a significant issue, the reduced start-up time may allow for higher data throughput by placing frames closer tngether in time. [0043] Referring now FIG. §, which illustrates a portion of fn electronic cizcuit usually used for generating. bis currents in transistor cireits. In steady state operation reference current Ire flows trough transistor QU and is mirrored in transistors Q3-QN, Transistor Q2 provides base current for QU and Q3-QN, Capacitor CI is provided for Dyasing te as wage a the se of rst Q2 and sure the stability ofthe negative Feedback loop through {QzanJ OL nstut down sate bath swstehen (St std 82) are (ON (ie, closed) 81 short circuits Ire to ground, S2 ensures slort circuiting of any reverse colletor-hase current pr- duced in Q3-QN, which may be present as result of ‘valance carr auliplicaion in the collector base region, ‘The cieuit is stated by tuming OFF switches S1, S2 (ie, ‘open, as shown). One limitation of this eireut, in temas of Startup time is the time to charge capacitor CL. Upon Startup, a portion of current Ire! provides the charge to capacitor CL. The eharge time may be modeled as anal Tap ‘where Av isthe voltage inrease on the capacitor, C1 is the cepacitanee ofthe capacitor, and Ire isthe eurent charging the capacitor. The charging time is therefore dependent on the curreat charging the capucitor and on the size, oF capacitance of the capacitor, Tat is, the higher the eapaci- ‘anee, and the smaller the charging current, the longer it takes to charge. [0044] One embodiment of the present invention, illus- trated in FIG. 6, shows an accelerated start-up circuit In this ‘embostiment, capacitor C2 is selected to have 8 capitance IN times smaller than eapocitor C1, where N is number larger than [When the eireuit ilusinted in FIG. 6 is ina low-power or OFF state, the ON signal is low. The ON signal is inverted by inverter INV to provide high signal Oct. 18, 2007 to transistors M1, M2, snd M3, In an ON state, M2 provides a path for any leakage curent t0 reach the lower voltage level gnd, In like manner transistor MI provides a path for Irel to reach the lower voliage level and, and M3 keeps capacitor C2 short-circuited, [0045] Whea startup of the circuit is initiated, the ON ‘Signal goes high and remains high during normal operation ‘of the cirevit. The ON signal tums on transistor M4, which allows curent ic, to charge capacitor C2. INVI provides a low potential to signal NEN, which ts off transistors M3, MI, and M2. The current miror circuit that includes wane sistors MB and MG is designed to provide a current ion to charge capacitor C1. This curreat minor circuit may be designed to muliply current icy by the same factor N, allowing the larger capacitor CL to charge faster. It is anticipated that the relative capacitance of C1 is N’ times larger than C2. Once capacitors C1 andl C2 have achieved complete charge, the current flow through those capacitors ‘oes to zero. This eectively places Md, ic2, MS, and M6, ina “vero” of negligible current sate. The change on capacitor CL provides bias voltages and stability 10 the remaining curent sources Irefl to Ire ina similar manner as described above with reference © FIG. 5 [0046] Embodiments of the present invention start up circuit, ensures that the voltage produced on CI (VCI) ‘during aecelerated startup matches the steady slate value. IF the voltage aerass C1 exceeds is steady state valu, Tet ‘overshoot may resll, The steady stale voltage VCH is defined a8: Voy=VyestVieitTeRL. An T2V replica with a ‘comparator on M7 and MB Biased by 17 are employed. IreM cunent flows theovgh I2V replica. M may be any ‘number greater or equal to 1. Aste transistors in 2V replica circuit are also sealed down by M, the voltage produced on source of MT matches VCI ia steady state operation, When ‘ON goes to high, C2 is chargod by ics. When the voltage on the source of MB matches the voltage on source of M7, ic, reduces down to 17 (in ease of equal size of M7 and MB) Further voltage VC2 increasing stops as the current stops 0 flow when MM switches OFF. The charge on C2 created by ics is N times less than necessary for C1 to be charged to VC1. The current mirtor on MS and M6 multiplies ics N times to obiain i, Feeding into CL and producing VCL matching that in steady state operation, [0047] One feature of this embodiment of the present invention is that by using capacitor C2 and its associated circuit, the charge time of capacitor C1 is raduoed to that of ‘cepacitor C2. One advantage of using a small capacitor for (C2 is that the curret i ean be relatively small, minimizing power consumption during start-up. Additionally, fabrica- tion of capacitor C2 will oceupy substantially smaller space than a langer capacitor, [0048] Referring now to FIG. 7, which illustrates another ‘embodiment of the present invention. The charge on capaci- tor C1 provides bias voltages and stability to the remaining current sources Irefl © lrefa ina similar: manner as described above with reference to FIG. 8, A voltage ampli- fier with Kv1 provides a low impedance node for acceler- ated charging of C2. When this embodiment isin the low power state the ON signal is low and switch ST is in the position as shown. In ths state capacitor C2 is allowed 10 Charge to 8 voltage approximately oqual to Vref. The ON signal is inverted by inverter INVA, Which provides 4 highUS 2007/0241738 Al signal NEN to turn on transistors ML and M2. Transistors MI and M2 provide «current path for Ie and any leakage ‘currents to reac Jower voltage state pnd. When start-up is desired the ON signal goes high which places switeh SU in the altemate position. The charged capacitor C2 provides the charge to capacitor C1 through euerent amplifier Ki. Similar to the circuit in FIG. 6, the capacitance of C1 is N times larger than the capacitance of capacitor C2, and the gain of| ccurent amplifier Ki is N, where N is a number larger than 1. In this state the inverter INVI provides a lo to turn off transistors MI and M2, thereby removing the path 0 the lower voltage slate gad. When eapscitor C1 reaches charged state it provides bias voltages and stability to the ‘eurent mimor sages Ill throgh Irefi [0049] | Referring now o FIGS, 8A and 8B, whieh illustrate the differences in transition times hetween circuits ot ‘employing the present invention aad ones incorporating the prevent invention In FIG. 8A the timing diagram 10 shows that following the taasition ofthe ON signal, cureat let is charging cupacitor C1. During time period (, the voliage ‘Vel across capacitor C1 increases until it reaches a complete charge at voltage level Vee, Current provided by current Source Ie is delayed in ime until capacitor C1 bas reached 4 level to provide proper bias voltage tothe circuit. Tis is contrasted with FIG. 8B, which illustrates timing diagram 20, that is representative of circuit employing the present invention [0050] In siming diagram 20 when the ON signal transi lions toa high state, the charging currents ic, and icy are substantially higher than Iref in timing diagram 10. 1 is important to note that charging curent i, is N times larger than charging current ic,. The larger currents ic, and ic> provide for faster charge times for capacitors CI and C2 ‘This results in VCH reaching an operational state of Vref in ‘@ much shorter time period ty, At this operational state fcurent source Irell and associated current mirrors will reach operational readiness in time period ty instead of [0081] Thus, its soon that an apparatus for acceleration of Start-up of electronic ciruits i provided. One skilled in the rt wil appreciate that the present invention can be practiced by other than the above-described embodiments, which are presented in this description for purposes of illustration and ‘not of limitation. The specification and drawings are not intended to limit the exclusionary scope of this. patent document, It is noted that various equivalents for the par- ticular embodiments discussed inthis description may prac tice the inveation as well. That is, while the present inven- tion has been described in conjunction with specific ‘embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifi ‘cations, permutations and variations will become apparent to those of oedinary skill in the atin light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, itis intended that the present invention embrace all sich altematives, modifications and Variations a fll within the scope of the appended elvis. ‘The fact that a product, process or method exhibits dilfer: ‘ences from one or more of the above-described exemplary ‘embodiments does not mean thatthe proctor process is ‘outside the scope (literal scope andlor other legally-rog- nized scope) of the following elaims. Oct. 18, 2007 What is claimed is 1. A method of initializing curent sources in an electronic circuit, the method comprising the steps of charging frst capacitor with a frst charging current mirroring the fist current to provide a second current ‘charging @ second espacitor with the second curren; snd providing a bias voltage fo a eurrent source circuit from "a change on the second capacitor. 2, The method of elsimt 1, wherein the first capacitor has ‘capacitance that is N times smaller that eapsetanee oF the Second capacitor, N heing a number grentr than 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the second current is 1N times large than that the first current, 4, Amethod of initializing curret sources in an electronic circuit, the method comprising the steps of ‘ansitioning a first signal from a low state toa high state; switching the state of fist ransistor with the first signal to provide a path for a first curent to charge a frst capacitor, inverting the first signal to produce a second signal; switching the state of second transistor with the sevond signal to remove a path fora second current to reach a Tow voltage; multiplying the frst curent by a value greater than Ito prodice a third current: and ‘charging a second capacitor with the thin! urea 55. The method of claim 4, whercin @ capacitance ratio of the second capacitor to the frst eapacitor is greater than 1 6, The method of claim 4, further compsing the step of providing a bias voltage from the second capacitor 9 a current source eiecuit, 7.A circuit comprising: 2 first transistor having a first connection to the current source, the trisistor having a second connection 10 a control signal and a third connection 10 first capacitor; 4 current amplification cieuit connected 0 the current source; and ‘ second capacitor connected tothe current amplification 8. The circuit of claim 7, further comprising an inverter ‘connected tothe contro signal, and further connected 10 at Teast a second transistor 9, The circuit of claim 7, Further comprising @ second ccurent source circuit connected to the second capacitor. 10. The citeuit of claim 7, wherein a capacitance ratio of | the second capacitor to the frst eapacitor is greater than 1 1. The eicuit of claim 7, wherein a ratio of a eurent ‘provided by the fist current source to current provided by the current amplification circuit is greater than |