GOVERNMENT

GOVERNMENT COLLEGE
COLLEGE OF
OF ENGINEERING,CHANDRAPUR
ENGINEERING,CHANDRAPUR

Seminar On Topic

ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR IN

NUCLEAR POWER STATION

INDEX
1.
1. INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
2.
2. FUTURE
FUTURE AND
AND DEVELOPING
DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGIES
(ADVANCED
(ADVANCED REACTORS)
REACTORS)
A.
A. INTEGRATED
INTEGRATED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR
B.
B. PEBBLE
PEBBLE BED
BED REACTOR
REACTOR
C.
C. SMALL,
SMALL, SEALED,
SEALED, TRANSPORTABLE
TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOUS
AUTONOUS
REACTOR
REACTOR
3.
3. GENERATION
GENERATION IV
IV REACTORS
REACTORS
A.
A. GAS
GAS COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR
B.
B. LEAD
LEAD COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR
C.
C. MOLTEN
MOLTEN SALT
SALT REACTOR
REACTOR
4.
4. CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
5.
5.

REFERENCES
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS REACTOR ?
1.
1. IT
IT IS
IS A
A DEVICE
DEVICE TO
TO INITIATE
INITIATE AND
AND CONTROL
CONTROL THE
THE CHAIN
CHAIN
REACTION.
REACTION.
2.
2. IT
IT IS
IS SIMILAR
SIMILAR TO
TO THE
THE BOILER
BOILER IN
IN THE
THE BOILER
BOILER IN
IN THE
THE
THERMAL
THERMAL POWER
POWER PLANT.
PLANT.
3.
3. IN
IN BOILER
BOILER FUEL
FUEL IS
IS BURNT
BURNT AND
AND STEAM
STEAM IS
IS PRODUCED.
PRODUCED.
SIMILLARLY
SIMILLARLY IN
IN NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR REACTOR
REACTOR FUEL
FUEL IS
IS BURNT
BURNT TO
TO
PRODUCE
PRODUCE STEAM
STEAM WITH
WITH THE
THE HELP
HELP OF
OF HEAT
HEAT EXCHANGER.
EXCHANGER.
4.
4. TODAY
TODAY 450
450 REACTORS
REACTORS ARE
ARE USED
USED TO
TO GENERATE
GENERATE
ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY IN
IN 30
30 COUNTRIES
COUNTRIES AROUND
AROUND THE
THE WORLD.
WORLD.

FUTURE
FUTURE AND
AND DEVELOPING
DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGIES
(ADVANCED
(ADVANCED REACTOR)
REACTOR)
TYPES
TYPES OF
OF ADVANCED
ADVANCED REACTOR
REACTOR
1. INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR (IFR)
2. PEBBLE BED REACTOR
3. SMALL, SEALED, TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOMOUS REACTOR
(SSTAR)
4. CLEAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFE ADVANCED REACTOR
(CAESAR)
5. REDUCED MODERATION WATER REACTOR
6. SUBCRITICAL REACTORS
7. THORIUM BASED REACTORS

INTEGRATED FAST REACTOR

1.
1. IT
IT IS
IS BUILT
BUILT TESTED
TESTED AND
AND EVALUATED
EVALUATED IN
IN 1986
1986
2.
2. THEN
THEN IT
IT IS
IS RETIRED
RETIRED DUE
DUE TO
TO NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR NON
NON PROLIFERATION
PROLIFERATION
POLICIES
POLICIES OF
OF THE
THE ADMINISTRATION
ADMINISTRATION
3.
3. RECYCLING
RECYCLING SPENT
SPENT FUEL
FUEL IS
IS THE
THE CORE
CORE OF
OF ITS
ITS DESIGN.
DESIGN.
4.
4. AND
AND IT
IT IS
IS THEREFORE
THEREFORE PRODUCES
PRODUCES ONLY
ONLY FRACTION
FRACTION OF
OF THE
THE WASTE
WASTE
OF
OF CURRENT
CURRENT REACTORS.
REACTORS.

PEBBLE
PEBBLE BED
BED REACTOR
REACTOR

PEBBLE BED REACTOR

1. IT
IT IS
IS HIGH
HIGH TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE GAS
GAS COOLED
COOLED REACTOR
REACTOR
1.
2. IT
IT USES
USES CERAMIC
CERAMIC FUEL
FUEL OF
OF ITS
ITS SAFE
SAFE OPERATING
OPERATING
2.
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE
3. MOST
MOST DESIGN
DESIGN ARE
ARE COOLED
COOLED BY
BY INERT
INERT HELIUM.
HELIUM.
3.
4. ITS
ITS UNIQUE
UNIQUE FEATURE
FEATURE THAT
THAT MAY
MAYAID
AID SAFETY.
SAFETY.
4.
5. HELIUM
HELIUM IS
IS NOT
NOT SUBJECTED
SUBJECTED TO
TO STEAM
STEAM EXPLOSION,
EXPLOSION, RESIST
RESIST
5.
NEUTRON ABSORPTION
ABSORPTION LEADING
LEADING TO
TO RADIOACTIVITY,
RADIOACTIVITY,
NEUTRON
6. IS
IS DOES
DOES NOT
NOT DISSOLVE
DISSOLVE CONTAMINANTS
CONTAMINANTS THAT
THAT CAN
CAN BECOME
BECOME
6.
RADIOACTIVE.
RADIOACTIVE.

SMALL,
SMALL, SEALED,
SEALED, TRANSPORATBLE
TRANSPORATBLE AUTONOMOUS
AUTONOMOUS REACTOR
REACTOR
1.
1. AS
AS ITS
ITS NAME
NAME INDICATE
INDICATE IT
IT IS
IS A
A SMALL,
SMALL, SEALED,
SEALED,
TRANSPORTABLE
TRANSPORTABLE AUTONOMOUS
AUTONOMOUS REACTOR.
REACTOR.
2.
2. IT
IT IS
IS BEING
BEING PRIMARILY
PRIMARILY RESEARCH
RESEARCH AND
AND DEVELOP
DEVELOP IN
IN
THE
THE USA.
USA.
3.
3. IT
IT IS
IS PASSIVELY
PASSIVELY SAFE.
SAFE.
4.
4. IT
IT COULD
COULD BE
BE REMOTELY
REMOTELY SHUT
SHUT DOWN
DOWN IN
IN CASE
CASE THE
THE
SUSPICIOUS
SUSPICIOUS ARISES
ARISES THAT
THAT IT
IT IS
IS BEING
BEING TEMPERED
TEMPERED
WITH.
WITH.

CLEAN
CLEAN AND
AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL ADVANCED
ADVANCED REACTOR
REACTOR

REDUCED
REDUCED MODERATION
MODERATION WATER
WATER REACTOR
REACTOR

SUBCRITICAL REACTOR

THORIUM BASED REACTORS

1. IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONVERT THORIUM-232 INTO U-230
2. IT IS MORE PLENTIFUL THAN URANIUM
3. IT CAN BE USED TO BREED U-233 NUCLEAR FUEL.
4. IT IS ALSO BELIEVED TO HAVE FAVOURABLE NUCLEAR
PROPERTIES AS COMPARED TO TRADITIONALLY USED U-235
5. IT INCLUDES BETTER NEUTRON ECONOMY.
IT
IT IS
IS OF
OF TWO
TWO TYPES
TYPES ::1.
1. ADVANCE
ADVANCE HEAVY
HEAVY WATER
WATER REACTOR
REACTOR
2.
2. KAMINI
KAMINI REACTOR
REACTOR

GENERATION
GENERATION IV
IV REACTORS
REACTORS
1.
1. IT
IT IS
IS A
A SET
SET OF
OF THEORETICAL
THEORETICAL NUCLEAR
NUCLEAR REACTOR
REACTOR
DESIGNED
DESIGNED CURRENTLY
CURRENTLY BEING
BEING RESEARCHED.
RESEARCHED.
2.
2. THIS
THIS DESIGN
DESIGN ARE
ARE GENERALLY
GENERALLY NOT
NOT EXPECTED
EXPECTED TO
TO BE
BE
AVAILABLE
AVAILABLE FOR
FOR COMMERCIAL
COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION BEFORE
BEFORE
2030.
2030.
TYPES OF GENERATION IV REACTORS :1. GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR
2. LEAD COOLED FAST REACTOR
3. MOLTEN SALT REACTOR

GAS
GAS COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR

GAS
GAS COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR

1.
1. ITS
ITS DESIGN
DESIGN IS
IS CURRENTLY
CURRENTLY IN
IN DEVELOPMENT.
DEVELOPMENT.
2.
2. HELIUM
HELIUM COOLED
COOLED SYSTEM
SYSTEM OPERATING
OPERATING WITH
WITH OUTLET
OUTLET
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE AT
AT 850
850 DEG.CELCIUS
DEG.CELCIUS
3.
3. HIGH
HIGH THERMAL
THERMAL EFFICIECNCY
EFFICIECNCY
4.
4. USED
USED FOR
FOR ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION.
PRODUCTION.
5.
5. SEVERAL
SEVERAL FUEL
FUEL FORMS
FORMS ARE
ARE BEING
BEING CONSIDERED
CONSIDERED FOR
FOR THEIR
THEIR
POTENTIAL
POTENTIAL TO
TO OPERATE
OPERATE AT
AT VERY
VERY TEMPERATURE.
TEMPERATURE.

LEAD
LEAD COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR

LEAD
LEAD COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR
1.
1. IT
IT USES
USES MOLTEN
MOLTEN LEAD
LEAD OR
OR LEAD
LEAD BISMUTH
BISMUTH AS
AS A
A COOLANT.
COOLANT.
2.
2. COOLANT
COOLANT TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE IS
IS 500
500 TO
TO 600
600 DEG.CELCIUS.
DEG.CELCIUS.
3.
3. IT
IT HAS
HAS HIGH
HIGH EFFICIENCY
EFFICIENCY
4.
4. NO
NO ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY REQUIRED
REQUIRED FOR
FOR THE
THE COOLING
COOLING AFTER
AFTER SHUT
SHUT
DOWN.
DOWN.
5.
5. IT
IT IS
IS SAFER
SAFER THAN
THAN WATER
WATER COOL
COOL REACTOR.
REACTOR.
6.
6. BUT
BUT THE
THE LEAD
LEAD COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR REQUIRE
REQUIRE MORE
MORE
STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL SUPPORT.
SUPPORT.
7.
7. IT
IT INCREASES
INCREASES BUILDING
BUILDING SUPPORT.
SUPPORT.

MOLTEN SALT REACTOR

LEAD
LEAD COOLED
COOLED FAST
FAST REACTOR
REACTOR
1.
1. IT
IT USE
USE MOLTEN
MOLTEN SALT
SALT MIXTURE
MIXTURE AS
AS A
A PRIMARY
PRIMARY COOLANT.
COOLANT.
2.
2. IT
IT RUN
RUN AT
AT HIGHER
HIGHER TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE THAN
THAN WATER
WATER COOLED
COOLED
REACTOR.
REACTOR.
3.
3. SALT
SALT ARE
ARE MORE
MORE EFFICIENT.
EFFICIENT.
4.
4. THE
THE INITIAL
INITIAL REFERNCE
REFERNCE DESIGN
DESIGN IS
IS 1000MWe.
1000MWe.
5.
5. IT
IT IS
IS INHERENTLY
INHERENTLY SAFE
SAFE DESIGN
DESIGN OPERATED
OPERATED AT
AT LOW
LOW PRESSURE
PRESSURE
IMPROVE
IMPROVE SAFETY,
SAFETY, SYSTEM
SYSTEM IS
IS CLEAN.
CLEAN.
6.
6. NO
NO NEED
NEED FOR
FOR FUEL
FUEL ROD
ROD MANUFACTURING.
MANUFACTURING.

CONCLUSION
BY USING ADVANCED NUCLEAR REACTOR THE EFFICIENCY OF
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CAN BE INCREASED.
THE PRIMARY GOALS BEING TO IMPROVE NUCLEAR
SAFETY,MINIMISE WASTE AND NATURAL RESOURCE UITLISATION
AND TO DECREASE THE COST OF BUILD AND RUN SUCH PLANTS.

REFERENCES
1. JAY NEWMAN (2008).PHYSICS OF THE LIFE SCIENCES.
2. REACTOR PROTECTION AND ENGINEERING SAFETY FEATURE
SYSTEM.THE NUCLEAR TOURIST. RETRIEVED 25 SEPT. 2008
3. WWW.HOWSTUFFWORKS.COM

THANK YOU....!!!
THANK YOU....!!!