KULIAH

MEKANIKA STRUKTUR KOMPOSIT

05. TEORI LAMINA
Dr. Bambang Kismono Hadi
PT Dirgantara Indonesia
2016

MECHANICS OF COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES
Definitions:
Isotropic : a material having similar properties in all directions. For
example: aluminum, steel, etc.
Orthotropic : a material having two plane of symmetry which are
perpendicular to each other. Example: composite materials in fiber
direction.
Anisotropic: a material having no plane of symmetry. Example:
composite materials not in fiber direction.
Isotropic

Orthotropic

Anisotropic

COMPOSITE MATERIALS
In fiber direction, a composite material is an orthotropic material.

1 : fiber direction
1

2: perpendicular
fiber direction

COMPOSITE MATERIAL PROPERTIES

E1 : Modulus of elasticity in fiber direction
E2 : Modulus of elasticity in perpendicular fiber direction
v12 : Poissons ratio in 1-2 plane
G12 : Shear modulus in 1-2 plane
(In isotropic materials, it has only two material properties: E and v)

1
Xt,c

E1 = tan

The same phenomena can be

drawn for other material
properties.

Experimental determination of E2
2

E2 = tan

Yt,c

Experimental determination of G12

P
Spesimen dengan tebal t.

12
S

G12 tan

P/2

Rosette Strain Gage

12 2 450

P/2

12

( P / 2)

b.t

12

PLATE UNDER MULTI-AXIAL LOADINGS

2
1

1
E

1
2 . 1
E
12 0

(Isotropic)

2
12
1

12

1
1
E

2 E

12
0

E
1
E
0

0 1

0 2

1 12
G

Constitutive Equations for Isotropic

Or:

1
1

2 E 1 2

12
0

1
E
1
2

0 2

G 12

Stiffness Matrices for Isotropic Materials

Where:

E
G
21

PLATE UNDER MULTI-AXIAL LOADINGS

2
1

1
E1

2 12 . 1
1

12 1
E1

(Orthotropic)

12 0

12
1

12

E1

1
21

2
E2

12
0

12
1

E1

E2
0

0 2

1 12
G12

Constitutive Equations for Orthotropic

Or:

E1

1 12 . 21

1
12 E2

1 12 . 21

0
12

21.E1
E2

1 12 .21

1 12 . 21
0

Stiffness Matrices for Orthotropic Materials

Where:

E2
21 .12
E1

0 2

G12 12

COMPLIANCE MATRIX FOR ORTHOTROPIC

1
S11

2
12

0
12
Where:

1
S11
E1
S 22

S12
S 22
0

0
0
S 66

2

12

12 21
; S12

E1
E2

1
1
; S 66
E2
G12

STIFFNESS MATRIX FOR ORTHOTROPIC

1
Q11 Q12

Q
2
12
22

0
0
12

0
0
Q66

2

12

Where:

E1
Q11
1 12 21

12 E2
21E1
; Q12

1 12 21 1 12 21

E2
Q22
; Q66 G12
1 12 21

EXAMPLE
Carbon-epoxy T300/5208 has properties as follows: E1 = 19.2 Msi ; E2 =
1.56 Msi ; v12 = 0.24 ; G12 = 0.82 Msi
Therefore, the compliance coefficients are (in 1/Msi):

1
S11
0.05208
E1
1
S 22
0.641
E2

12
S12
0.0125
E1
1
S 66
1.2195
G12

S16 S 26 0
And the stiffness coefficients are (in Msi)

Q11 19.29 Q12 0.376

Q22 1.567
Q16 Q26 0

Q66 0.820

TRANSFORMED STIFFNESS MATRICES

y

Transformation of stress and strains in arbitrary direction:

x
1

2
1
y


12
xy

x
1

2
2
y


12
xy

and

m2
n2
2mn
T1 n 2 m 2 2mn
mn mn m 2 n 2

T2

m2
n2
mn

n2
m2
mn ; m cos n sin
2mn 2mn m 2 n 2

From the stiffness matrix equation:

1 Q 1
Therefore, we find:

x T1 1 Q T2 x
or

x
Q11 Q12

y T1 Q12 Q22

0
0
xy

x
0

0 T2 y

Q66
xy

Now we define:

Q T
1

and
or

QT2

x Q x
Q11 Q12
x

y
Q12 Q 22

Q
xy
16 Q 26

Q16 x

Q 26 y
Q 66 xy

The individual

Q ij

terms are given below:

Q11 Q11m 2(Q12 2Q66 )m n Q22 n

4

Q 22 Q11n 4 2(Q12 2Q66 )m 2 n 2 Q22m 4

Q12 (Q11 Q22 4Q66 )m 2 n 2 Q12 (n 4 m 4 )
Q16 (Q11 Q12 2Q66 )m n (Q12 Q22 2Q66 )n m
3

Q 26 (Q11 Q12 2Q66 )mn3 (Q12 Q22 2Q66 )nm 3

Q 66 (Q11 Q22 2Q12 2Q66 )m n Q66 (n m )
2

DISPLACEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Isotropic

Orthotropic

Off-axis Lamina
(Anisotropic)

EXAMPLE (2)
Carbon-epoxy T300/5208 has properties as follows: E1 = 19.2 Msi ; E2 = 1.56
Msi ; v12 = 0.24 ; G12 = 0.82 Msi and fiber angle 30o to the global axis

Therefore, the compliance coefficients are (in 1/Msi):

S 11 0.2933

S 12 0.1065

S 22 0.5878 S 66 0.8434
S 16 0.3636;

S 26 1.465

And the stiffness coefficients are (in Msi)

Q11 11.75 Q12 3.531

Q 22 2.843

Q 66 3.975

Q16 5.658

Q 26 2.017

OFF-AXIS ENGINEERING CONSTANTS

y
1

Ex

E1

E1
4
2 2
4 E1

m
n

12

G12
E2

E
E
n 2 m 2 1 1 1 n 4 m 4 12
E2 G12

xy
4

E1
2 2
4 E1

m
n

12

G
E
12
2

Ey

E1

E1
4
2 2
4 E1

m
n

12

G
E
12
2

E1
Gxy

E1
2 2
2
2 2 E1
4m n 1 212 n m

E
G
2
12

Pengaruh sudut orientasi serat terhadap modulus

elastisitas dan kekuatan bahan komposit.

ADA PERTANYAAN ?