Leila

Shirin
Cami
Suraj
1555 Hub Date

1. Peace of Augsburg
a. German Princes were allowed to choose between Catholicism and
Lutheranism
b. Countries were united under one common religion
2. Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) becomes queen of England
a. Places papal authority over the Church of England
3. Beginning of Wars of Religion
a. Catholics vs. Protestants (Huguenots)
b. St. Bartholomews Day Massacre
4. Spanish Inquisition in 1570

1. Trade Routes spread goods to Europe, Africa, and Americas

a. Transfer of science and ideas
2. Importation of precious metals to Europe (Mercantilism) from early 1500s
to 1650
3. Encouragement of piracy to gain wealth
a. Sir Francis Drake for Queen Elizabeth of England
4. Joint-Stock company led to investment

1. Peace of Augsburg
- Ended persecution of Lutherans in Germany
- Enacted by the Holy Roman Emperor (Charles V)
2. Council of Trent
- Significant part of the Counter-Reformation
- main object was the definitive determination of the doctrines of the
Church in answer to the heresies of the Protestants
3. John Calvin
a. Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)

1. Men still have more rights than women, but Protestant reformed encourages
religious learning for women
2. Columbian Exchange between Europe and Americans encourages social
advancement,
a. Triangular trade depopulated African villages
3. Protests encouraging strengthening family bonds

1. Humanism and Secularism

a. Lingering from the Renaissance
2. Emphasis on classical learning and encouragement of literacy
3. Mercator Map Projection increased accuracy of navigation

1. Columbian Exchange
a. Introduction of new diseases
b. Distribution of species across continents
2. Europe conquered land in East Indies and India
a. Dutch colonies in Southern Africa (Boers)
3. Spanish gained control of Mexico in 1550 and Incas

(Area)