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COORDINATE GE0METRY
(CIRCLE)
By:- Nishant Gupta

For any help contact:

9953168795, 9268789880

[CRASH]

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CIRCLE

BASIC
1.

Standard form of equation of a circle :

Equation of a circle whose centre is (h, k} and radius r units is
(x h)2 + (y - k)2 = r2
If centre is (0, 0), then equation of circle is

2.

x2+y2 = r2

General form of equation of a circle:

A second degree equation in two variables x & y represents a circle if
(i) Coefficients of x2 and y2 are equal.
(ii) Terms containing the product of xy is missing.
General equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0.
Centre is ( - g, -f ) =( Radius is

1
1
coeff of x , coeff. Of y )
2
2

g2 f 2 c

Note : While finding centre & radius a circle, we must make sure that the coefficients of x2 & y2 are 1
each.
3.

Parametric equations of a circle : Parametric equations of a circle whose centre is (h,k) and radius r is
x = h + r cos , y = k + r sin , ( is parameter)

4.

Diametric form:
If A (x1,y1 ) & B( x2, y2 ) be diameter of a circle then its equation is
(x x1) (x x2) + (y y1) (y y2) = 0

5.

Intercepts on axes by x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0

(a) On X axis 2 g 2 c
(b) On Y axis 2 f 2 c

ADDITIONAL

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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1.

Tangent :- To find tangent at (x1, y1) change

y1) resp.

2.

x2 & y2 to xx1 & yy1, x & y

1
1
(x + x1) and (y +
2
2

to

(It is denoted by T=0 )

A line touches a circle if distance from the centre is equal to radius

y = mx + c is tangent to x2 + y2 = r2 if c2 = r2 ( 1+m2 ) & point of contact is ( -

mc
1 m

c
1 m2

) where c =

1 m2
3.

Chord with given mid-point (x1, y1) is given by T = S1 y2 = 4ax yy1 2a(x + x1) = y2 4ax
S1 is obtained by putting (x1, y1) in curve.

4.

Joint
equation
of
From (2, 3) to x2 + y2 = 16 is

tangents
from
(x1,
y 1)
is
(x2 + y2 16) (22 + 32 16) = (2x + 3y 16)2

5.

Angle between tangents from an external point 2 tan-1

SS1

T 2,

r
S1

6.

Chord of contact :It is line joining points of contact of tangents from any external point to a curve.
Its equation is given by
T=0

7.

Polar/Pole : Polar of any curve w.r.t. to P(x1, y1) is locus of point of intersection of tangents at
extremities of chords through (x1, y1) & the point P is known as
POLE.
Tangent, Polar & Chord of Contact have same equation

T=0

Conjugate pts.:- Two pts are said to be so if polar of each passes through other point.
8.

Length of tangents from P to any circle is(After changing to standard form)

S1

Length of direct common tangent of two circles

d 2 r1 r2 2

Length of alternate common tangent of two circles

d 2 r1 r2 2

Where r1 ,r2 be radii & d be distance between their centers

NOTE : direct common tangent of two circles divides line joining their centres externally in the ratio
of the radii while alternate divides in same ratio internally
9.

Common chord of two circles S1 = 0 & S2 = 0 is S1 S2 = 0

Just subtract after changing to standard forms

10. No. of common tangents to two circle with C1 & C2 centres & radii r1 & r2 & if
(i) c1c2 > r1 + r2 then

4 common tangents

(ii) c1c2 = r1 + r2 then

3 common tangents

(iii) | r1 r2 | < c1c2 < r1 + r2

2 common tangents

(iv) c1c2 = r1 r2

1 common tangent

(v) c1c2 < | r1 r2 | .

only

No common tangent

11. Director circle :It is locus of point of intersection of tangents to any circle [for x2+y2=a2 Director
2
2
2
circle is x +y =2a ]
It is a concentric circle whose radius is 2 times radius of the original circle
12. Angle between two circles : In general angle between two curves is angle between tangents at their
point of intersection

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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If r1 ,r2 be radii & d be distance between their centers then angle is given by Cos =

r12 r22 d 2
2r1 r2

13. ORTHOGONALITY CONDITION x2 + y2 + 2gi x + 2f iy + ci= 0 where i = 1, 2

2 (g1 g2 + f1 f2 ) = c1 + c2
NOT IN SYLLABUS OF AIEEE
14. Radical axis :- Locus of a point which moves s.t. tangents from it to two circleS are of same length.
Equation

S1 S2 = 0 (same as common chord)

15. Radical centre of S1 = 0, S2 = 0 and S3 = 0. Find radical axes S1 S2 = 0

Their point of intersection is radical centre.
16. Limiting point; Circle with radius zero. If (0, 0) is one limiting point then other is
17. Co-axial system :- If every pair of a family of circle have same radical axis.
We have may take its equation as

x2 + y2 + 2gx + c = 0

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

&

S2 S3 = 0

gc
fc

,
f 2 g2 f 2 g2

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ASSIGNMENT
CIRCLE

1.

2.

2x2 +2kxy + 2y2 + (k-4)x +6y 5 = 0

represents circle of radius

(a) 32

(b) 23

Number of tangents drawn from (- 5,2 ) to the

circle x2 + y2 14x + 2y - 25 = 0 are

(c) 22

(d) N/T

(a) 0

(b) 2

(c) 1

(d) N/T

Equation of the circle centred at (1, 2) and

passing through the point of intersection of
the lines x+ 2y= 3 and 3x +y =4.

7.

8.

(a) x2 + y2 -x-2y+1=0
(b) x2 + y2 - 2x-4y +4=0
(c ) x2 + y2 - 2x-4y -4=0

9.

(c) N/T
3.

5.

6.

(a) x+ y =2

(b) x+ y =4

(c) x+ y=22

(d) x+ y = 8

m = ? such that y = mx + 2 cuts x2 + y2 = 1 at

distinct / coincident pts

If circle concentric with the circle x2 + y2 + 4x2y + 4 = 0 and with three times its radius.

(a) [ - , -

(a) x2 + y2 - 4x-2y -4=0

(c) [ 3 , ]

(b) x2 + y2 + 4x-2y -1=0

4.

Tangent to x2 + y2 + 4x - 4y + 4 = 0 making
equal intercepts on axes ,is

10.

3 ] U [ 3 , ] (b) [ - 3 , 3 ]
(d) None

x + y tan = cos

touches x2 + y2 = 4 for

(c) x2 + y2 + 4x-2y- 4=0

(a) /4

(b) /3

(d) N/T

(c) /2

(d) N/T

The equation of diameter of circle x2 + y2 -2x

+ 4 y = 0 which passes through origin is
(a) x +2y = 0

(b) x 2y = 0

(c) 2x +y = 0

(d) 2x y = 0

If 4x 3y- 7 = 0 and 8x 6y -39 = 0 are

common tangents to a circle, then radius is
(a) 5/2

(b) 7/2

(c) 5/4

(d) 3/4

11.

12.

(b) x2 + y2 + 2x - 2y + 62 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y - 62 = 0
(d) none of these.

(a) (3, 4) , ( -2,3)

(b) (4, -3), (-2,5)

(c) ( 4, 5), (-2-3)

(d) N/T

The length of the tangent drawn form any

point on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + = 0
to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + = 0
(a) ( - )

Equation of the circle having diameters 2x

3y = 5 and 3x 4y = 7 and radius 8 is
(a) x2 + y2 + 2x + 2y 2 = 0

Two circles each of radius 5, have common

tangent at (1, 1) whose eqn. is 3x+4y-7= 0.
Then their centers are

(b) ( - )

(c) ( + )
13.

x2

(d) None.
y2

If circle
+
6x 4y + 9 = 0 bisects
circumference of the circle x2 + y2 6y + k = 0,
then k equals
(a) 2

(b)26

(c) 15

(d) 1

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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(a) x2 + y2 + ax+ by = 0
14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

From a point on x2 + y 2 = a2 , two tangents

are drawn to x2 + y 2 = a2 sin2 then angle
between them is
(a)

(b)/2

(c) 2

(d) N/T

21.

22.

(d) x2 + y2 bx-ay = 0
23.

(a) x2 + y2 = r2 /3

(b) x2 + y2 = 4r2 /3

(c ) x2 + y2 = 2r2 /3

(d) N/T

C1 , C2 , C3 .. .. .. be a sequence of circles such

that Cn+ 1 is director circle of Cn . If C1 has
radius a then area bounded by Cn & Cn+ 1 is
(a) 2n a2

(b) 2n-1 a2

(c) 2n-2 a2

(d) 22n-2 a2

If radii of smallest & largest circles passing

through
( 3 , 2 )
& touching
x2 + y 2 2 2 y 2 = 0 are r 1 & r2 resp
then AM of r1 & r 2 is
(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) 2

Equation of circle through intersection of

x2 + y 2 + 2x = 0 & x y = 0 & having
minimum radius , is

24.

25.

26.

27.

(b) x2 + y 2 x-y =0

(c) x2 + y 2 2x-2y =0 (d) x2 + y 2 x + y =0

20.

(c) x2 + y2 + bx+ ay = 0

Locus of point of intersection of tangents to

circle x = rcos , y = r sin at points whose
parametric angles differ by / 3

(a) x2 + y 2 -1=0
19.

(b) x2 + y2 ax by = 0

Chord through ( 2 , 1) to x2 + y2 - 2 x 2 y
+1= 0 is bisected at ( a , 1/2 ) then a is
(a) 1/2

(b) 1

(c) 0

(d) N/T

If one of the circles x 2 + y2 + 2ax + c = 0 , x 2

+ y2 + 2bx + c = 0 lies with in the other , then

28.

29.

The four distinct points (0, 0), (2, 0), (0 2)

and (k, - 2) are concyclic if k =
(a) 5

(b) 6

(c) 7

(d) 8

aix + biy + ci = 0 (i = 1,2) cut axes in concyclic

points then
(a) a1a2 = b1b2

(b) a1b1 = a2b2

(c) a1b2 = a2b1

(d) N/T

Number of integral values of k such that x2 +

y2 + k x + ( 1-k) y + 5= 0 represents a circle
whose radius cannot exceed 5 is
(a) 14

(b) 16

(c) 18

(d) 20

If A(1,4) &B are symmetrical about tangent

to x2 + y2 - x + y = 0 at origin then B is
(a) ( 1, 2 )

(b) ( 2 , 1 )

(c) ( 4 , 1 )

(d) N/T

Tangents to x2 + y2 2gx 2fy + f2 = 0 from

origin are r if
(a) g2 + f 2 = 1

(b) g2 - f 2 = 1

(c) g2 - f 2 = 0

(d) N/T

If a line is drawn through point P(, ) to cut

circle x2 + y2 = a2 at A & B, then PA . PB =
(a) 2 + 2

(b)2+ 2 -a2

(c) a2

(d) N/T

Tangents to x2 + y2 2px 2qy + q2 = 0 from

origin are r if

(a) ab > 0 , c > 0

(b) ab > 0 , c < 0

(a) p2 = q2

(b) p2 + q2 = 1

(c) ab < 0 , c > 0

(d)N/T

(c) p = q/2

(d) q = 1/ 2

A ray of light incidents at ( -3, -1 ) , gets

reflected from tangent at ( 0 , -1 ) to x2 + y 2 =
1 . If reflected ray touches the circle , then
equation of reflected ray is
(a) -3x + 4y = 5

(b) -2x +3y = 3

(c) 3x - 2y = 7

(d) N/T

Equation of circle through &

intercepts of length a & b on axes

30.

Locus of center of circle thro ( 1,2 ) & cutting

x2 + y2 = 4 orthogonally is
(a) x2 + y2 3x 8y + 1 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 6x - 2y = 7
(c) 2x + 4y 9 = 0

cutting

(d) 2x + 4y 1 = 0

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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31.

32.

33.

Chord of contact of tangents from P to x2 + y

2 = a2 always touches
x2 + y 2 2ax = 0 ,
locus of P is
(a) y 2 = a( a-2x)

(b) x2 + y 2 = ( x- a) 2

(c) x 2 = a( a-2y)

(d) N/T

40.

The locus of the center of the circle x2 + y2 +

4x cos - 2 y sin - 10 = 0 is
(a) an ellipse

(b) a circle

(c)a hyperbola

(d) a parabola

Locus of poles of

x 2 y 2 a 2 & so that

41.

x 2 y 2 b 2 is

polar is always touching

(a) a 2 (x 2 y 2 ) b 4 (b) b 2 (x 2 y 2 ) a 4
42.

(c) x 2 y 2 a 2 b 2 (d) None

34.

35.

Distances of centers of x2 + y2 2 ix = c2
( i= 1,2,3 ) from origin are in GP then lengths
of tangents from any pt. of
x2 + y2
= c2 to these circles are in
(a) AP

(b) GP

(c) HP

(d) None

43.

If chord of contact of tangents drawn from a

pt. on x 2 y 2 a 2 to x 2 y 2 b 2 touches

x y c , then a, b, c are in
2

36.

(a) A.P

(b) G.P

(c) H.P

(d) None

If abscissae & ordinates of points P & Q are

roots of x2 + 2ax = b2 & x2 + 2px = q2 resp
circle with P Q as diameter is

44.

(a) x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2py b2 q2 = 0

(b) x2 + y2 2ax 2py + b2 + q2 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 2ax2py b2 q2 = 0
37.

38.

39.

(d) None

(b) /4

(c) /3

(d) N/T

(b) 15

(c) 5

(d) N/T

Two circles, each of radius 5, have a common

tangent at (1, 1) whose equation is 3x + 4y 7
= 0. Then their centres are
(a) (4, -5), (-2, 3)

(b) (4, -3), (-2, 5)

(c) (4, 5) , (-2, -3)

(d) N/T

If x 2 y 2 4 & x 2 y 2 4 9 =0 have
two common tangent then is

13 13
(a)
,
8 8

(b)

(c) 13 / 8

(d) None

x2

13
13
or
8
8

Two circles + = 6 and x2 + y2 6x + 8 = 0

are given. Then circle through their point of
intersection and the point (1, 1) is

y2

(a) x2 + y2 6x + 4 = 0

(b) x2 + y2 3x + 1 = 0

(c) x2 + y2 4y + 2 = 0

(d) N/T

Let PQ & RS be tangents at extremities of

diameter PR of circle of radius r . If PQ & RS
intersect at X on circumference of the circle ,
then 2r is
(a)

PQ.RS

(b)

(c)

2PQ.RS
PQ RS

(d)

PQ RS
2
PQ 2 RS 2
2

Two circles of radii a and b ( a > b

)
touch each other externally. Then the radius
of circle which
touches
both of them
externally and also their direct common
tangent is
(a)

Circles x2 + y2 + x + y = 0 & x2 + y2 + x y = 0
intersect at an angle of
(a) /6

(a) 10

ab

a b

(c) (a+b ) /2

(b) ab
(d) N/ T

Image of x2 + y2 6x + 8 = 0 & y = x is

x 2 y2

1 through ( 1 ,23 )
9 b2
are at right angles then b is

(a) x2 + y2 6y + 8 = 0 (b) x2 + y2 6y = 8

(a) 2

(b) 3

(c) x2 + y2 + 6x + 8 = 0

(c) 4

(d) 1

(d) N/T

45.

If tangents to

Greatest distance of point (10, 7) from circle

x2 + y2 4x 2y 20 = 0 is

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

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ANSWER (CIRCLE)
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45

ab

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880