9

Mathematics
Quarter 4- Week 1- Module 1:
Illustrates the Six Trigonometric
Ratios: Sin, Cosine, Tangent,
Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent
Mathematics 9
Quarter 4- Week 1 Module 1: Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: sin,
cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent

First Edition, 2021

COPYRIGHT 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any

form without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jocelyn G. Lopez

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Layout Artist: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Erlinda M. Dela Peña, EdD, EPS in Charge of Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target

Let’s start this module by assessing your knowledge of the different

mathematics concepts previously studied and your skills in performing
mathematical operations. These knowledge and skills will help you in
understanding the six trigonometric ratios. In this module, you will learn the
different concepts about triangles and how are you going to use the six
trigonometric ratios in solving unknown parts of a right triangle.
Before we start, let us consider first the most essential learning competency.

Target Skill
•Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: Sin, Cosine, Tangent, Secant, Cosecant,
and Cotangent (M9GE-IVa-1)

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Pre-requisite skills
1. Illustrate the six trigonometric ratios.
2. Apply trigonometric ratios in solving the unknown parts of a right triangle.

Before you start doing the activities in this lesson, find out how
much you already know about this module. Answer the pretest in a
separate sheet of paper. Write the letter that corresponds to the best
answer.
Pre-Assessment Test

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Please answer all items. Take
note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and find the right
answer
as you go through this module.

1. Determine the correct formula for the tan ratio of ∠B.

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
A. tan 𝐵 = B. tan 𝐵 =
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵

𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵

C. tan 𝐵 = D. tan 𝐵 =
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝐵 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
2. Which statement is incorrect?
A. The hypotenuse is the longest side in a right triangle.
B. The hypotenuse is always the opposite side of the 90˚ in a right triangle.
C. The Pythagorean theorem applies to all right triangles.
D. You can solve for the unknown side in any triangle, if you know the lengths
of the other two sides, by using the Pythagorean theorem.

3. With respect to the given angle, what is the ratio of the hypotenuse to the
opposite side?
A. sin B. cosine C. tangent D. cosecant

4. In ∆ABC with right angle at C, AB=13 cm, BC, 12 cm, and AC= 5 cm. Which of
the following statements is correct?
5 12 12 5
A. sin 𝐴 = B.cos 𝐵 = C. sin 𝐵 = D. cos 𝐵 =
13 13 13 12
5. In ∆PQR with right angle at Q, PR=13 cm and QR=12 cm. What is the length of
PQ?
A. 1 cm B. 5 cm C. 9 cm D. 12 cm
6. In the triangle DEF, what is m∠E to the nearest degree? E
A. 16˚ B. 28˚ C. 41˚ D. 62˚ 17

F 15 D
7. Evaluate cos 43° to the nearest hundredths.
A. 0.68 B. 0.70 C. 0.73 D. 0.93
8. Find the value of sin 72° correct to two decimal places.
A. 0.95 B. 0.63 C. 0.57 D. 0.32
9. Find the value of tan Y.
√5
A. 2 B. ½ C. D. √5
2
10. Find the value of secant X.
√5
A. 2 B. ½ C. D. √5
2
For items 11-15, refer to triangle ABC at the right.
11. In triangle ABC, if AC=17 cm and BC=14 cm, what is the measure of angle A to
the nearest degree?
 A. 16° B. 28° C. 41° D. 55° A
12. In triangle ABC, If AC=60 in and AB=30 in, what is the measure of angle A?
A. 40° B. 55° C. 60° D. 65°
13. In triangle ABC, m/C=40° and BC=15 cm. What is AC to the nearest cm?
B C
A. 11 cm B. 12 cm C. 19 cm D. 20 cm
14. In triangle ABC, AB=3 and BC=8. Determine the measure of angle C to the
nearest degree.
A. 21° B. 25° C. 26° D. 27°
15. In triangle ABC, m/C=65° and BC=12 cm. What is AB to the nearest cm?
A. 22 cm B. 23 cm C. 25 cm D. 26 cm
 Module The Six Trigonometric
Ratios: Sin, Cosine,
Tangent, Secant,
Cosecant, and
Cotangent
In this module, the lesson starts with assessing your prior knowledge of the
diverse mathematics principles and concepts studied previously, and enhancing
your skills in performing mathematical operations. All these skills and knowledge
may help you in applying the solutions and processes to real-life problems.

Jumpstart
Let’s start by doing this activity. Have fun
learning!

Activity 1: Triangles of Different Sizes

This activity helps you recall the concepts of similar triangles.
Investigate the following triangles:
1. Draw three similar right triangles ABC, DEF, and GHI in different sizes in such a way
that m∠C = m∠F = m∠I = 63.
2. Measure the second acute angle in each of the triangles.
3. Use a ruler to measure the sides of the triangles to the nearest tenths in centimeters.
Then find each of the following ratios for all the three triangles.
Record your findings in the given table.
Measures in ABC in DEF in GHI
Leg opposite the 63˚ angle
Leg adjacent to the 63˚ angle
hypotenuse
Leg opposite 63˚ angle
hypotenuse
Leg adjacent to 63˚ angle
hypotenuse
Leg opposite 63˚ angle
Leg adjacent to 63˚ angle

From Activity 1, you have discovered the different ratios derived from the
sides of a right triangle having an acute angle. Let’s discuss also the
importance of the use of scientific calculator in determining the values of the
trigonometric ratios and their equivalent angle measure.
Using the Calculator to Find Trigonometric Ratios
A. Finding a ratio given the angle
Example: To find the value of sin 38˚, ensure that your calculator is operating in
degrees.
=
Solution: Press sin 38 0.615661475
The calculator should give 38˚ = 0.616, correct to three decimal places.

B. Finding an angle given the ratio

In finding the size of the angle to the nearest minute, given the value of the
trigonometric ratio, just follow the steps in the examples below.
Example: sin 𝜃 = 0.725 , find 𝜃 to the nearest minute

Solution: Press 0.725 = 46.46884783

2ndF sin

To convert this to degrees/minutes/seconds mode,

Press 2ndF D˚M’S

The calculator gives you 46˚28’(nearest minute)

C. Degrees and minutes

Example: Write 54.46˚ in degree and minute, giving an answer correct to the nearest
minute.

Solution: Press 54.46˚ 2ndF D˚M’S

The calculator gives 54˚27’36”, or 54˚28’ (nearest minute)

Activity 2: TRY THIS!!!

1. Use your calculator to find the value of the following, correct to two decimal
places.
a. cos 85˚ b. sin 7˚ c. tan 35˚ d. cos 34˚

2. Using the degrees/minutes/seconds button on your calculator, write each of the

following in degrees and minutes, given answers to the nearest minute.
a. 17.8˚ b. 48.52˚ c. 63.7˚ d. 108.33˚

3. Find the size of the angle 𝜃 (to the nearest degree) where 𝜃 is acute.
a. sin 𝜃 = 0.529 c. tan 𝜃 = 1.8
b. cos 𝜃 = 0.493 d. sin 𝜃 = 0.256

4. Find m∠ 𝜃, to the nearest minute, given that 𝜃 is acute.

a. sin 𝜃 = 0.9 c. tan 𝜃 = 0.958
b. cos 𝜃 = 0.013 d. tan 𝜃 = 2.3

Discover
 In a right triangle, we can define actually six trigonometric ratios. Consider the
right triangle ABC below. In this triangle we let 𝜃 represent ∠ B. Then the leg denoted
by a is the side adjacent to 𝜃, and the leg denoted by b is the side opposite to 𝜃.

hypotenuse
c
opposite b

𝜃
C B
a
adjacent

We will use the convention that angles are symbolized by capital letters, while
the side opposite each angle will carry the same letter symbol, in lowercase.

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
sine of 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = cosecant of 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆

𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆
cosine of 𝜃 = cos 𝜃 = secant of 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 =
𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕
tangent of 𝜃 = tan 𝜃 = cotangent of 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 =
𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒑𝒑𝒐𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒆

SOH-CAH-TOA is a mnemonic used for remembering the equations.

A. Solving a right triangle given the measure of the two parts; the length of the
hypotenuse and the length of one leg

Solving a right triangle means finding the measure of the remaining parts.
Example: Triangle BCA is right-angled at C. If c = 20 and b = 15, find ∠A, ∠B and a.

Solution: Sketch a figure:

a. Side b is the adjacent side of ∠A; c is the hypotenuse of right triangle BCA. Use CAH,
that is
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
B
cos 𝜃 = c = 20
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
a
𝑏
cos A = C
𝑐 A
15
cos A = b =15
20

cos A = 0.75
We can use our scientific calculator to find an angle whose cosine value is 0.75.

Using a scientific calculator, A = 41.41˚

b. Since in part (a), it was already found that ∠ A = 41.41˚,

then ∠B = 90˚ - 41.41˚

∠B = 48.59˚
c. Using the Pythagorean theorem:
a2 + b2 = c2
a2 + (15)2 = (20)2
a2 + 225 = 400
a2 = 400 – 225
a2 = 175

a = √175
a = 13.23

B. Solving a Right Triangle Given the Length of the Hypotenuse and the Measure
of One Acute Angle

Example: Triangle BCA is right-angled at C if c = 19 and ∠A = 48˚, find ∠B, b, and a.

Solution:
a. To find ∠B, since ∠B and ∠A are complementary angles, then
B
∠B + ∠A = 90˚

a c = 19
∠B = 90˚ - 48˚
48˚
∠B = 42˚ C A
b

b. To find b, since b is the adjacent side of ∠A and c is the hypotenuse of right triangle
BCA, then use CAH.

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
cos 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑏
cos A =
𝑐
 𝑏
cos 48˚ =
19

b = 19cos 48˚

b = 19(0.6691)

b = 12.71

c. To find a, since a is the opposite side of ∠A and c is he hypotenuse of right triangle

BCA, then use SOH.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑎
sin A =
𝑐

𝑎
sin 48˚ =
19

a = 19 sin 48˚

a = 19 (0.7431)

a = 14.12

C. Solving a Right Triangle Given the Length of One Leg and the Measure of One
Acute Angle
Example: Triangle ACB is right-angled at C. If ∠ A = 65˚ and a = 12 cm, find ∠B, b and c.
Solution:
a. To find ∠B, take note that ∠B and ∠A are complementary angles. Then,
A
∠B + ∠A = 90˚ 65˚
c
b
∠A = 90˚ - 65
∠A = 25˚ C B
a = 12 cm

b. To find b, since b is the adjacent c. To find c, since c is the hypotenuse and

side and a is the opposite side a is the opposite side of ∠A, then use
SOH.
of ∠A, then use TOA.

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
tan 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

𝑎 𝑎
tan A = sin A =
𝑏 𝑐

12 12
tan 65˚ = sin 65˚ =
𝑏 𝑐
b tan 65˚ = 12 c sin 65˚ = 12

b(2.1445) = 12 c(0.9063) = 12
 12 12
b= c=
2.1445 0.9063

b = 5.60 cm c = 13.24 cm

D. Solving a Right Triangle Given the Length of the Two Legs

Example: Triangle ACB is right-angled at C. If a = 13 cm and b = 9 cm, find c, ∠A, and ∠B.

Solution:

To find c, use the Pythagorean theorem:

A
c
c2 = a2 + b2
b = 9 cm
c2 = (13)2 + (9)2 C
a = 13 cm B
c2 = 169 + 81

c2 = 250

c = √250

c = 15.81

a. To find ∠A, since a and b are opposite and c. Based on the fact that ∠A and ∠B
adjacent side of ∠A respectively, then use TOA. are complementary, the measure of
angle ∠B is 90˚ - 55.30˚ = 34.7˚
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
tan 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝑎
tan A =
𝑏

13
tan A =
9

tan A = 1.4444

We can use our scientific calculator to find an angle whose tangent is 1.4444.
A = 55.30˚

You have learned the definition of the six trigonometric ratios. Make sure that you
will be able to use these in the succeeding activities.

Explore
Activity 3: Find My Parts!!!
Directions: Using the given figure, find the unknown in each number. Express your
answers to the nearest hundredths.
B

c
a

1. If A find b.
A =C76˚ and c = 13 cm,
2. If b
B = 26˚ and a = 11 cm, find c.
3. If A = 49˚ and a = 10 cm, find c.
4. If a = 7 c and b = 12 cm , find A.
5. If a = 8 cm and c = 12 cm, find B.

Now that you know the important ideas about the topic, let’s go
deeper by moving on to the next activity.

Deepen

Activity 4: Draw Me Then Solve!

Directions: Sketch a figure and solve the remaining parts of each right triangle ABC with
right angle at C, given that:

1. A = 15˚ and c = 37 cm

2. B = 30˚ and b = 11 cm

3. a = 7 cm and b = 15 cm

4. A = 48˚ and b = 22 cm
 Gauge

Post Assessment:
Directions: Find out how much have you learned from the lesson. Choose
the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in a sheet of paper. Q
1. Which of the following statements is true of the diagram below?
8 15
A. cos P = B. tan Q = 17
15 8
8 15 15
C.sin P = D. c0s Q =
17 17
P R
8

2. Find the length of the unknown side, a, of the right triangle below.

A. 2√5 B. 2√7 C. 3√7 D. 3√5

3. Which of the following is not correct to the nearest hundredth?

A. sin 75˚ = 0.97 B. cos 46˚= 0.69 C tan 18˚ = 0.23 D. tan 37˚= 0.75
4. In △ABC, vertex C is a right angle. Which trigonometric ratio has the same
trigonometric value as Sin A?
A. sin B B. cos A C. cos B D. tan A
𝟒
5. What is he measure of ∠ X to the nearest degree if sin X = ?
𝟗

A. 26˚ B. 64˚ C. 83˚ D. 91˚

6. What is the length of MA to the nearest tenth?
A. 0.1 cm M
34˚
B. 3.5 cm
C. 17.0 cm
D. 7.7 cm A T B
5.2 cm
5
7. What is the correct ratio for sin A? 12
𝟓 𝟏𝟐
A
A. C.
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟑
𝟓 𝟏𝟑 13
B. D.
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟐 C

C
8. What is the measure of ∠A to the nearest degree?
6
A. 61˚ C. 40˚
B. 50˚ D. 29˚ B A
11
9. In right triangle ABC, A = 76˚, a = 13 and ∠ C is the right angle. What is the
measure of the remaining parts?
A. B = 14˚, b = 12.6, c = 18.1 B. B = 14˚, b = 3.2, c = 13.4
C. B = 14˚, b = 18.1, c = 12.6 D. B = 14˚, b = 13.4, c 3.2

10. In right triangle ABC, b = 6, c = 13, and ∠C is the right angle. Solve the triangle.
A. A = 63˚, B = 27˚, a = 11.5 C. A = 65˚, B = 25˚, a = 14.3
B. A = 27˚, B = 63˚, a = 11.5 D. A = 25˚, B = 63˚, a = 14.3

11. Given a triangle with ∠C as the right angle, a = 16 cm, A = 39˚ and B = 51˚, what is
the length of c? Round off to the nearest tenth.
A. 25.4 cm B. 24.4 cm C. 23.4 cm D. 22.4 cm
12. If t = 26 cm and s = 11. 8 cm, find ∠R. Round to the nearest degree.
A. ∠R = 62˚ C. ∠R = 64˚ S
B. ∠R = 63˚ D. ∠R = 65˚ 26

T
R
11.8

13. In ∆PQR with right angle at Q, PR=15 cm and QR=9 cm. What is the length of PQ?
A. 8 cm B. 9 cm C. 10 cm D. 12 cm
14. In a right triangle PQR, if PQ is 27 cm and QR is 17 cm then what is the value of
angle P?
A. ∠P = 32.19˚ B. ∠p = 45.19˚ C. ∠p = 49.58˚ D. ∠P = 62.46˚
15. In right triangle ABC, m∠C = 90˚, m∠A = 55˚, and CA = 10 cm. What is the length of
AB to the nearest integer?
A. 6 cm B. 14 cm C. 17 cm D. 24 cm

Great job! You are done with this

module.