LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSION

To answer the question from this topic, the

students must acquire the following skills :

Able to identify the angle between a line

and a plane ( 1 Mark )
Able to calculate the angle between a line
and a plane ( 3 Marks ).
Able to identify the angle between two
planes ( 1 Mark ).
Able to calculate the angle between two
planes ( 3 Marks )

EXAMPLE :
Diagram shows a cuboid with
P1 a horizontal rectangular base.
Calculate the angle between

V the planeTWR and the plane

PSWT.

T
5cm

U
S

P
8cm

SOLUTION :

R
T/W

8
Tan RWS =
5

K2

At the back
W

RWS = Tan

-1

8
5

5cm
S

R
8cm

= 580 N1

ACTIVITY 1 : TO IDENTIFY THE PLANE

H
E

F
D

PLANE AT THE TOP :

C
B

PLANE EFGH

H
E

F
D

C
B

PLANE ON THE LEFT : PLANE ADHE

H
E

F
D

PLANE IN THE FRONT :

C
B

PLANE ABFE

H
E

F
D

PLANE AT THE BACK :

C
B

PLANE DCGH

H
E

F
D

PLANE AT THE BOTTOM:

C
B

PLANE ABCD

H
E

F
D

PLANE ON THE RIGHT :

C
B

PLANE BCGF

THE LOCATION OF THE POINT

ON TOP OF THE RED DOT

TO THE RIGHT OF
THE RED DOT

IN FRONT OF THE
RED DOT

AT THE BACK OF
THE RED DOT

ON THE
TOP OF .
TO THE
LEFT OF .

IN FRONT
OF .

AT THE
BACK OF .

TO THE
RIGHT OF .

AT THE
BOTTOM OF .

ACTIVITY 2 : TO DETERMINE THE LOCATION OF A POINT

H

F
D

C
B

POINT TO THE LEFT OF F

POINT E

POINT AT THE BOTTOM OF F

POINT B

POINT AT THE BACK OF F

POINT G

POINT TO THE RIGHT OF D

POINT C

POINT ON TOP OF D

POINT H

POINT IN FRONT OF D

POINT A

ANGLE BETWEEN
A LINE AND A PLANE
A
LINE

PLANE

Activity 3 :To Identify The Angle Between Line And Plane

Normal
E

F
D

The line draw from

G and
perpendicular to
the plane ABCD is
call normal

C
Orthogonal
projection
B

The angle between the line AG

and the orthogonal projection, AC
is the angle between the line AG
and the plane ABCD that is
GAC.

The line lies on the

plane ABCD which
joint the point A to the
line GC is known as
the orthogonal
projection of line AG
on the plane ABCD.

ACTIVITY 3 : To Identify The Angle Between A Line And A Plane

Example 1a

F
D

A
Orthogonal
projection

Normal
C

At the bottom

Name the angle between the line

AG and the plane ABCD

Angle between the line AG and the plane ABCD

=

GAC.

EXAMPLE 1(b)
H
E

G
F

A
Diagram 1(b)

Diagram 1b shows a cuboid ABCDEFGH.

Name the angle between the line HB and the
plane ABCD.

ACTIVITY 4 :
To find the angle between a line and a plane
Example 2(a)

H
E

12cm

G
5cm
F

5cm

C
4cm

Diagram 2a

Diagram 2(a) shows a cuboid, ABCDEFG. Find the

angle between the line AH and the plane DCGH.

No

Steps

Solutions

1. Draw the line AH and

shade the plan DCGH
in diagram 2a.

12cm

G
5cm

F
D

Diagram 2a

C
4cm
B

Diagram 2a shows a cuboid, ABCDEFG. Find the angle between the line
AH and the plane DCGH.

No

Steeps

Solutions

Use the method you

have learned in activity
3, identify the angle
between the line AH
and the plane DCGH

A
back

12cm

G
5cm

F
C
4cm

No

Steps

Refer to the points you have

obtained in steep 2 (point A, H,
D), complete the AHD. Mark
AHD. Mark the right angle,
HDA. Transfer out the
AHD.

Solutions

12cm

D
E

5cm
D

F
C

4cm
A

No

Steps

With the information given in the

question, label the length of the
sides of AHD. At least the
length for 2 sides must be known.
Use Pythegoras Theorem if
necessary.

H
E

Solutions

12cm

G
5cm

C
4cm

No

Steps

Solutions

Mark,
- the opposite side, AD asT
- the adjacent side, HD as S

5 cm

12cm

G
5cm

F
C
4cm

4 cm
T

No

Steps

Solutions

Use the tangent formula to

calculate AHD.
Remember, use
-The sine formula, if O and H were
known
O
- SOH

4
Tan AHD =
5
4
AHD = tan -1
5

AHD = 38040

- The cosine formula, if A and H

were known
C

CAH

-The tangent formula, if O and A

were known
O
T
TOA
A

12cm
G
F

5cm

C
4cm

example 2 (b)
H

12 cm

G
F

4 cm

C
3 cm

A
Diagram 2b

Diagram 2b shows a cuboid,ABCDEFGH. Calculate

the angle between the line HB and the plane BCGF

ANGLE BETWEEN TWO

PLANES

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two

Planes
EXAMPLE 3(a)
G

H
E
F
D

1. DRAW 3 LINES

A
B
Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid,

ABCDEFGH. Name the angle between
the plane AGH and the plane ABCD

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

F
D

C
Bottom

B
Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid,

ABCDEFGH. Name the angle
between the plane, AGH and the
plane, ABCD

2. Mark the location

(direction) of the
plane ABCD at the
bottom of the first
line to the left.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

A
E

F
D

B
Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid,

ABCDEFGH. Name the angle
between the plane, AGH and the
plane, ABCD

Bottom

3. Refer to the plane,

AGH, identify the
points which
touch the plane,
ABCD and write it
at the middle line.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

H/G
E

F
D

B
Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid,

ABCDEFGH. Name the angle
between the plane, AGH and the
plane, ABCD

Bottom

3. Refer to the plane,

AGH, identify the
point which does
not touch the
plane, ABCD and
write it at the first
line to the left.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

Bottom

F
D

H/G

B
Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid,

ABCDEFGH. Name the angle
between the plane, AGH and the
plane, ABCD

5. Between the point H

and G, point which is
nearer to point A or
located on the same
plane as point A will
be choosen. Point
which is not choosen
will be earased.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

A
Ke Bawah

F
D

B
Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid,

ABCDEFGH. Name the angle
between the plane, AGH and the
plane, ABCD

5. Between the point H

and G, point which is
nearer to point A or
located on the same
plane as point A will
be choosen. Point
which is not choosen
will be earased.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

B
Diagram 3a

Diagram 3a shows a cuboid,

ABCDEFGH. Name the angle
between the plane, AGH and the
plane, ABCD

Bottom

F
D

6. Identify the point

which is located at
the bottom of the
point H ( )and
write it on the first
line to the right.

ACTIVITY 5 : To Identified The Angle Between Two Planes

F
D

B
Diagram 3a

Bottom

7. In the diagram 3a,

complete the HAD
and mark the HAD

Angle between the plane, AGH and the plane, ABCD

= HAD

EXAMPLE 3(b)
H

12cm

G
5cm

E
D
A
Diagram 3b

C
4cm

Diagram 3b shows a cuboid with horizontal

rectangle base ABCD. Name the angle
between the plane ACH and the plane CDHG

THANK YOU