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Torsion 1 PDF
Torsion 1 PDF
Sudhir K Jain
k
b
k/2
Sudhir K Jain
K/2
Sudhir K Jain
In Plane Force
In Plane Deformation of
Floor
Sudhir K Jain
Floor Deformations
Sudhir K Jain
Translation in x-direction
Transverse
Translation
Translation in y-direction
Angle of
rotation
Resultant Translation
Sudhir K Jain
20 m
0.2k
8m
150 80003
12
6.4 1012 mm 4
I kN
1000
Force in Springs
1000 kN
Actual Analysis
EI
0.2k
455
Rigid Diaphragm
Assumption is generally
used for RC floors
Sudhir K Jain
5m
1000 kg/m2
700 kg/m2
10 m
Force in Springs
30 m
y
C
CM (A)
F
CM
B
Force
in Springs
CM (B)
CM (C)
z
X
Sudhir K Jain
mi xi
mi
mi yi
mi
14.4 m
5.1 m
10
Sudhir K Jain
1.5k
10m
0.5k
1.5k
1.2k
B
30 m
14 m
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Sudhir K Jain
1.5k
0.5k
0.5k
1.5k
3k
Force equilibrium: F k
Moment equilibrium: F .x k 0 0.5k 14 1.5k 30 52k
x
52k
3k
17.3m
12
Sudhir K Jain
1.5k
1.2k
15k
2.7k
5.6m
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Sudhir K Jain
Wall stiffness
k 1=k
k 2=0.3k
k 3=k
F
EL
Building Plan
F1
F3
F2
Wall stiffness k
F1
k1 ,
F1
F2
F1
k1
F2
F3
k1
k2
k2 ,
F3
k3
EL
k3
EL; F2
k1
k2
k2
k3
EL; F3
k1
k3
k2
k3
EL
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Sudhir K Jain
2
0.5k
9m
k
3
1.2k
k
30 m
F1
k 200
k 0.5k 1.2k
74.1kN ;
F3
1.2k 200
k 0.5k 1.2k
88.9kN
F2
0.5k 200
k 0.5k 1.2k
37.0kN
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Sudhir K Jain
Eccentric Systems
Load at centre of mass = Load at centre of stiffness + Twisting
moment about the centre of stiffness
CM
CS
e.EL
EL
EL
M = e.EL
EL
CM
EL
CS
CM
CS
16
Sudhir K Jain
r5
r3
r3
5
4
r5
1
r2
r4
CS
2
r2
r1
17
Sudhir K Jain
Mi
By moment equilibrium
Fi
ri
Fi
ki ri
Fi ri
ki ri 2
Mt
ki ri2
ki ri
Mt
2
ki ri
18
Sudhir K Jain
17.33m
15m
1.5k
1
10m k
0.5k
1.5k
1.2k 5
CS
CM
5.56m 5m
ey=0.56m
14m
30 m
(a) Walls
ex=2.33m
(b) CS and
CM
200kN
(c) Forces
1
F1
2
F2
CS
CM 200kN
5
Translational Forces
F4
F1
F3
2
F2
5
(d)
CM
CM
466kNm
CS
3
F3
F5
Torsional Forces
Sudhir K Jain
k 200
k 0.5k 1.5k
66.7 kN
F2
0.5k 200
k 0.5k 1.5k
33.3 kN
F3
1.5k 200
k 0.5k 1.5k
100 kN
Sudhir K Jain
ri
ki ri
ki ri 2
F1
ki ri
Mt
2
ki ri
17.33
17.33k
300.3k
13.2
0.5k
3.33
1.67k
5.5k
1.3
1.5k
12.67
19.00k
240.8k
14.4
1.5k
4.44
6.66k
29.6k
5.1
1.2k
5.56
6.67k
37.1k
5.1
613.3k
Sudhir K Jain
2
F2
CS
CM 200kN
5
4
F3
F1
CM
F2
5
Translational Forces
466kNm
CS
3
F3
F5
Torsional Forces
The total force resisted by the walls (= translational force + torsional force):
F1 = 66.7+13.2 = 79.9 kN
F2 = 33.3+1.3 = 34.6 kN
F3 = 100 14.4 = 85.6 kN
F4 = 5.1 kN = 5.1 kN
F5 = 5.1 kN = 5.1 KN
F4
1
F1
2
F2
CS
CM
5
F5
Total Forces
F3
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Sudhir K Jain
Multistorey Frames
(a) Without Torsion
F4
F3
(CS)i
F2
(CS)i
(CS)i
Multistorey Frames
Important:
First calculate lateral load at different floors for
the entire building
Then distribute to different frames/walls as per
floor diaphragm behavior
Do Not
Calculate seismic design force directly for
individual frames of the building
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Sudhir K Jain
Multistorey Frames
A
y
3
Plan
Missing column
Symmetric system
1
1000
400
100
C
Plan
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3
2
1
12
15
11
14
10
13
5
9
Frame A
Frame B
18
21
17
20
16
19
29
23
28
Frame C
12
15
18
11
14
17
10
13
16
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400
100
Imaginary rigid
links
to ensure floor diaphragm action
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E
1
2
Direction of
Earthquake force
3
4
5
(a)
Link bars
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame 4
29
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30
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400
100
A
Plan
1000
30
1000
15
1000
400
400
400
100
100
100
30
C
31
Sudhir K Jain
kA
kB
kC
ki
50 100 50
250
400
100
100
25
200 units
kA
f
k
50
f
200
0.25 f
fB
kB
f
k
100
f
200
0.50 f
fC
kC
f
k
50
f
200
0.25 f
fA
1000
Building
Frames A and C
500
200
50
Frame B
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Sudhir K Jain
1000
400
Entire Building
Plan
100
A
B
EQ
. 1000
. 1000
. 1000
. 400
. 400
. 400
. 100
. 100
. 100
A
B
Evaluate , , such that roof displacement is same
+ + = 1.0
C
33
Sudhir K Jain
1000
700
400
50
Portion in double
height
Plan
Elevation
1000
700
400
50
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Sudhir K Jain
Further Simplification
For load distribution, relative lateral stiffness is
needed
1
k1
k2
1
2
k3
1
3
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Caution
12EI
!!
3
L
36
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37
Sudhir K Jain
(CS)i
F3
F2
(CS)i
F2
F1
F1
(CS)i
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Sudhir K Jain
.
CM
.CS
.
CM
.CS
ey
CM = centre of mass
CS = centre of stiffness
1.5ey
ELx
.
CM
.CS
ELy
1.5ex
Sudhir K Jain
bj
Q1
Q2
edj
esj
bj
esj
bj
is typically 1.5
is typically 0.05 to 1.0
(5% to 10% of plan dimension bj)
Q3
Q4
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Sudhir K Jain
CM
CS
Sudhir K Jain
6m
287
141
3m
48
4m
4.5m 4.5m 4.5m 4.5m
42
Sudhir K Jain
333
A
6m
3m
4m
1 2 3 4 5
5
287
141
48
43
Sudhir K Jain
kA
kD
16,220 kN / m
kB
kC
10,390 kN / m
(Dynamic eccentricity)
Sudhir K Jain
0.305V
0.195V
Sudhir K Jain
ki
(x 103)
(kN/m)
ri
ki ri
(m)
(x 103)
(kN)
k i ri
(x 103)
k i ri
k i ri
Fd
(torsion)
Fd
(Direct)
FTO
(Total)
16.22
6.9
111.92
772.23
0.0293
0.0170V
0.304V
0.321V
10.39
0.9
9.35
8.42
0.0024
0.0014V
0.195V
0.196V
10.39
-2.1
-21.82
45.82
-0.0057
-0.0034V
0.195V
0.195V
16.22
-6.1
-98.94
603.55
-0.0259
-0.0156V
0.304V
0.288V
12.70
-9.0
-114.30
1028.70
-0.0299
-0.0180V
....
....
8.18
-4.5
-36.80
165.65
-0.0096
-0.0057V
....
....
8.18
4.5
36.80
165.65
0.0096
0.0057V
....
....
12.70
9.0
114.30
1028.70
0.0299
0.0018V
....
....
From frame
analysis with
point load at
roof
Dist from
CS
46
Sudhir K Jain
Level
Total Level
Design Force
(kN)
B
(kN)
C
(kN)
D
(kN)
333
106.90
65.27
64.94
101.20
287
92.13
56.25
55.97
87.25
141
45.26
27.64
27.50
42.86
48
15.40
9.41
9.36
14.60
From beginning
of example
47
Sudhir K Jain
Thank you!!
48