Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Libali-8, Bhaktapur, Nepal
A
FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT
ON
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
MULTISTOREY BUILDING
(As a partial fulfillment of BE in Civil Engineering)
(Course code: CE 755)
PROJECT SUPERVISOR:
Er. Chandra Kiran Kawan
PROJECT MEMBERS:
Rupesh Sapkota (KCE074BCE064)
Shrawan Tandukar (KCE074BCE077)
Suman Sunar (KCE074BCE086)
Sushrut Gautam (KCE074BCE089)
Yubraj Pudasaini (KCE074BCE096)
2022
TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Libali, Bhaktapur
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project work entitled – I entitled “Structural Analysis and
Design of Multistorey Building” submitted by Rupesh Sapkota (KCE074BCE064),
Shrawan Tandukar (KCE074BCE077), Suman Sunar (KCE074BCE086), Sushrut
Gautam (KCE074BCE089), and Yubraj Pudasaini (KCE074BCE096) has been
examined and accepted for the partial fulfillment of the academic requirements
towards the completion of the Bachelor’s Degree in Civil Engineering.
…………………………….
Er. Chandra Kiran Kawan
Project Supervisor
Co-Ordinator, Associate Professor
Khwopa College of Engineering
…………………………….
Er. Ramesh Bala
Head of Department
Department of Civil Engineering
Khwopa College of Engineering
i
PREFACE
This project aims to provide practical use of years learned theories and an
introduction towards the professional life as an Engineer. The project helped us grasp
a wider view of the civil engineering scope, struggles and achievement that comes
along with it.
The project also gave an open window insight into the procedures and steps that are
involved in conducting an engineering project. We expect this report will act as a
reference for future use.
This work also taught us the importance of team spirit and team work attitude. We
expect this behavioral intelligence we gained to be very valuable asset further in life.
It was a good experience to work in a full supportive environment under the guidance
of our project supervisor Er. Chandra Kiran Kawan. His expertise helped us grow
our knowledge of structural engineering. We believe that this valuable guidance and
support is profoundly appreciable and will always help us in future professional life.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank Institute of Engineering for including the Final Year Project
as a part of our curriculum. Special thanks go to Department of Civil Engineering,
Khwopa College of Engineering for initiating and facilitating this Building Project
to further enhance our knowledge of structural analysis and design.
We would like to offer our special thanks to Principal Er. Sunil Duwal and Head of
Department, Er. Ramesh Bala for their support and motivation. We would like to
thanks our supervisor Er. Chandra Kiran Kawan for his extraordinary guidance
during the project duration. We are thankful to all the teaching staff for the
encouragement, support and their valuable guidance. We are thankful to the DCE for
providing us SAP2000 training, AutoCAD training which are crucial part for the
project. We are highly indebted to Er. Saunak Sharma for providing us architectural
drawings and helping us during the course of the project.
Acknowledgement would be incomplete without our family members and friends who
have been constant source of inspiration for the project. Our special thanks are
extended to all the people who have been involved in our project by any means.
PROJECT MEMBERS
iii
ABSTRACT
iv
Table of Contents
PREFACE....................................................................................................................II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................III
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................IV
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................VI
LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................VII
LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................VIII
CHAPTER 1.................................................................................................................1
1.1 BACKGROUND...................................................................................................1
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM..................................................................................2
1.3 OBJECTIVE.........................................................................................................2
1.4 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT.....................................................................................2
1.5 LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT............................................................................3
1.6 UNITS................................................................................................................3
1.7 PROJECT BUILDING DESCRIPTION.....................................................................4
CHAPTER 2.................................................................................................................5
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................5
2.2 DATA COLLECTION..........................................................................................12
2.3 ESTIMATION OF LOADS...................................................................................12
2.4 PRELIMINARY DESIGN.....................................................................................12
2.5 LOADING PATTERN..........................................................................................13
2.6 DESIGN OF STRUCTURE MEMBERS..................................................................13
2.7 DETAILED DESIGN...........................................................................................13
2.8 STEPS AND PROCEDURE..................................................................................13
2.9 FLOW CHART OF METHODOLOGY...................................................................15
2.10 WORK SCHEDULE............................................................................................16
CHAPTER 3...............................................................................................................18
3.1 STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN...............................................................18
3.2 LOAD...............................................................................................................18
3.2.1 Dead Load................................................................................................18
3.2.2 Lateral Load.............................................................................................18
3.2.3 Live Load..................................................................................................19
3.2.4 Seismic Load............................................................................................19
3.2.5 Vertical Load Calculation........................................................................19
3.2.6 Slab Load Distribution.............................................................................19
3.3. LOAD COMBINATION..........................................................................................20
CHAPTER 4...............................................................................................................21
4.1 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SLAB.......................................................................21
4.2 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF BEAM......................................................................22
4.2.1 For Primary Beam..................................................................................22
4.2.2 For Secondary Beam...............................................................................23
4.3 PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF COLUMN................................................................23
CHAPTER 5...............................................................................................................26
5.1 INTRODUCTION TO LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS...................................................26
5.1.1 Seismic Weight Calculation..........................................................................26
v
5.1.2 Method of Analysis.......................................................................................27
5.1.3 Selection of method of Analysis....................................................................27
5.2 SEISMIC WEIGHT CALCULATION.........................................................................30
5.3 BASE SHEAR CALCULATION...............................................................................31
5.4 SEISMIC FORCE CALCULATION...........................................................................32
CHAPTER 7...............................................................................................................32
7.1 SALIENT FEATURE OF ETABS............................................................................32
7.2 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BY ETABS..............................................33
CHAPTER 8...............................................................................................................34
CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................35
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................36
Abbreviations...............................................................................................................37
vi
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS
Symbol Meaning
b Width of section
e Structure Eccentricity
Z Zone Factor
I Importance Factor
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
LIST OF TABLES
ix
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
The project work on Structural Analysis and Design of Multistorey Building, is
undertaken by us for the partial fulfillment of BE in Civil Engineering program.
The Final Year Project (FYP) course prepares students for engineering practice. It
is an important piece of work that requires the synthesis of the knowledge and
skills acquired in earlier course work, some creativity, and original thinking.
The design of the building is based on the detailed plans of a proposed RCC
building provided by the project supervisor. The design includes the design of
following components.
Foundation
Basement Wall
Beam
Column
Slab
Staircase
Lift
Lateral load resisting systems
1.2 Statement of problem
With the development of cities like Kathmandu in Nepal, there is high possibility
of land crisis in the future due to increasing population. This will create
difficulties for the population to thrive in the area. As an engineer, it will be
challenging for us to minimize it. This can be solved by the construction of high-
rise multistoried building for commercial and residential purposes. Also, Nepal
lies in active seismic zone, so proper analysis and design of building fulfilling all
criteria of Structural codes provided by the government is needed for economic
construction of building.
1.3 Objective
This project work provides us the information about how to analyze and design
the multistoried building. It includes:
i. Study architectural drawing and fixing structural system of the building to
carry all the live load, dead load and lateral load.
ii. Calculation of loads including lateral loads.
iii. Preliminary design of structural elements.
iv. Identification of loads and load cases.
v. Calculation of Shear force, bending moment to determine size of building
component.
2
vi. To be familiar with structural analysis software i.e., ETABS for different
load cases.
vii. Review of analysis output for design of different components.
viii. Design of beam, columns, slab and foundation by limit state method by
following different structural codes.
ix. Final detailing of individual members and preparations of drawing to be
applicable in fields.
Due to various constrictions prevailing in the course of the project work, the study
is limited in following notable aspects:
i. The work includes every possible architectural difficulty. Every possible
effort is made for a real work scenario.
ii. LSM is used for design purpose which has its own limitations.
iii. Early feasibility of the project i.e., soil type is assumed to be done.
iv. The construction of water tanks is to be considered.
v. Construction of ramps in parking is to be considered.
1.6 Units
SI units are used in this report. Dimensions should be taken in mm, if not
mentioned in the figure and drawings.
3
1.7 Project Building Description
Table 1.1: Project Building Description
Building Type Multistorey Building
Structural System RCC Framed Structure
Purpose of Building Apartment
Plinth Area 554.447 m2
Foundation Type Mat Foundation
Location Kathmandu
Structurer Type Special Moment Resisting Frame
No. of Storey Basement + GF + 9 Floor + 1 Roof
Floor Height 3.2004m
Total Height 35.2044m
Seismic Zone V
Soil Type Medium
Soil Bearing Capacity 150kN/m2
i. Main Walls – 230 mm
Width of Wall
ii. Partition Walls – 130 mm
i. Dead Load
Types of loads ii. Live Load
iii. Seismic load
Primary Beam: 700mm x 400mm
Size of Beam
Secondary Beam: 400mm x 250mm
Size of Columns 700mm × 700mm
Depth of Slab 150 mm
Type of Slab Two Way
Type of Staircase Turning Staircase
Grade of Concrete M20 and M25
Grade of Steel Fe 500
Analysis Tools ETABS 2018
Method of Analysis Limit State Design
Design Criteria As per IS codes
4
CHAPTER 2
Methodology of Work
2.1Literature Review
5
Mr. K. Prabin Kumar, et.al (2018): A Study on Design of Multi-Storey
Residential Building:
They used STADD Pro. Which reduced lot of time in design, gives accuracy
for analysis and designing all structure member and calculate quantity of
reinforcement needed for concrete section. Various structure action is
considered as members such as axial, flexure, shear and tension. Pillar are
delineated for axial forces and biaxial ends at the ends. The building was
planned as per IS: 456- 2000.
6
codes. Indian Standard codes used in the analysis and design of this
building are described below:
7
moveable partitions, distributed, concentrated loads, loads due to impact
and vibrations and dust loads (Excluding wind, seismic, snow, load due to
temperature change, creep, shrinkage, differential settlements etc.) This
part of the code deals with imposed load of the building produced by the
intended occupancy or use. Minimum imposed load that should be taken
into consideration for the purpose of structural safety of the buildings are
given in the code but it does not cover the incidental to construction and
special cases of vibration, such as moving machinery, heavy acceleration
from cranes hoist etc.
8
detailing rules for flexural members, column and frame member subjected
to bending and axial loads and shear walls.
5. IS 2950 (Part I): 1981 (Reaffirmed 1998) Code of practice for design
and construction of Raft Foundations:
Raft foundation is a substructure supporting an arrangement of columns or
walls in a row or rows and transmitting the loads to the soil by means of a
continuous slab with or without depressions or openings. Such types of
foundations are found useful where soil has low bearing capacity. This
standard covers the design of raft foundation based on conventional
method (for rigid foundation) and simplified methods (flexible foundation)
for residential and industrial buildings, store-houses, silos, storage tanks,
etc., which have mainly vertical and evenly distributed loads.
9
done manually. This design aid is particularly useful for the
preliminary design.
b. SP 22:
Explanatory Handbook on Codes for Earthquake Engineering (IS
1893: 1975 and IS 4326: 1976): The theoretical background behind
many of the code provisions have been elaborated herein. Additionally,
many worked out examples explaining the use of equations and charts
in the code can also be found in this handbook.
c. SP 24:
Explanatory Handbook on Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain
and Reinforced Concrete IS 456: 1978 SP 16 is meant to aid the
calculation process, while SP 24 is meant to aid the conceptual
understanding of the IS 456 code. It contains clause by clause
explanation of the original code. The logic and justification behind the
various equations and assumptions in the code are well explained here.
d. SP 34:
Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement and Detailing: The compilation
of provisions and guidelines regarding reinforcement detailing
scattered throughout IS codes 456, 13920 can be found in this
handbook.
10
2.2 Data collection
The data for the preliminary design is taken according to the deflection criterion
specified by the code. Generally, for beam, preliminary design can be done
according to deflection criteria. And for slab, preliminary design is done
according to minimum section criteria (min. section should not be less than
100mm) and slab thickness should be equal to (effective length/32) for steel,
whichever is maximum. Preliminary design of column is done considering an
interior column. The rectangular section is generally preferred in the building
structure. The bearing capacity of the soil assumed. The following data are used
for this project work:
Concrete grade: M25
Steel grade: Fe 500
Live loads: as per code (IS 875: 1987 Part I)
Dead loads: as per code (IS 875:1987 Part II)
Bearing capacity of soil: 150kN/m2
2.3Estimation of Loads
The loads on the building are based on Indian codes of Practices. The unit weight
of different structural and non-structural elements is derived from IS 875 Part 1
and presented in Table 3. The load calculations are based on actual measured
drawings. The self-weight of beams, columns and slabs are calculated by the
program. Similarly, the imposed loads are applied on the slab as area load in
KN/m2 and values of imposed loads are tabulated as per standard.
• The weight of infill walls is calculated and applied on beams as line weight in
KN/m.
• Partition wall load are assigned as uniformly distributed area load in slab as area
load in KN/m2.
• A frame load is applied as parapet loading on the exterior frame of the roof level.
• The roof is assumed accessible and loaded with roof live load as per Indian
Standard, IS 875 -1987(part2) but this load is not considered during seismic load.
11
2.4 Preliminary design
Preliminary design of the beam and slab is done by considering depth of beam as
per the control of vertical deflection criteria as stated by IS 456-2000. The
preliminary design of column is done by considering the factored axial load on the
column as stated in IS 456:2000 Clause 39.3. Normally the preliminary size will
be decided considering following points:
i. Slab: The thickness of the slab is decided on the basis of span/d ratio assuming
appropriate modification factor.
ii. Beam: The effective depth is generally taken as 1/12 to 1/15 of the span. The
width is taken ½ to 2/3 of overall depth of the beam.
iii.Column: Preliminary size of column is finalized by approximately calculating
axial load and moments.
2.5Loading pattern
The loading is applied to the slab which then is transferred from slab to beam,
obtained by drawing 45° offset lines from each corner. The total load (Dead load
and Live load) on staircase is distributed on the beam considering the staircase as
slab and the load is converted to UDL. The load thus obtained is extended
throughout the length. The load on slab is taken as per the requirement stated in
IS875:1987(Part I and II).
2.7Detailed Design
Detailed design is done for all members with references from IS 456:2000, SP 16,
and IS 13920:1993.
12
2.8Steps and Procedure
The analysis and design of the building in this project is carried out following the
below listed methods:
i. ETABS was used for the analysis and design of the building which uses
Finite Element Method.
ii. The provided architectural drawing of the apartment building was studied,
analyzed and required modifications was made as per guidance of
supervisor.
iii. Estimation and idealization of loads was done based on the IS codes.
iv. Preliminary design was done after the estimation of probable loads to
determine the approximate shape and size of structural members.
v. All the calculations for the design are based on IS:456-2000, IS 875,
IS:13920-2016. Besides these codes design aids Indian Standard Special
Publications (SP 16, SP 22, SP 24, and SP 34) along with textbooks by
AK Jain, SN Sinha etc. are referred.
vi. The final outcomes of the analysis and design is structural drawing
including detail ductile detailing of the reinforcement bars based on
IS:13920-2016 and other related Indian Standard codes.
vii. After the complete analysis and design, required modifications for the
provided architectural drawing including size of structural members,
partition walls etc. was done and all the drawing are printed in appropriate
format for inclusion with the final report.
13
2.9Flow Chart of Methodology
14
2.10 Work Schedule
The first phase of the project includes the theoretical study of RCC design,
documents related to seismic design and codes, architectural corrections needed in
the drawing and preliminary design of the structure is completed during the 7 th
semester.
The second phase of the project will be comprised of the following tasks:
Idealization of Structure, Load Assessment, Modeling and Analysis of Structure,
Design of Structure, Drawing and Detailing.
Table 4.1: Time Line of Work
Task Start Date Duration End Date
Group Formation April 18, 2021 2 April 20, 2021
Group Interaction April 20, 2021 5 April 25, 2021
Project Selection April 22, 2021 3 April 25, 2021
Project Title and Objective April 24, 2021 1 April 25, 2021
Confirmation
Pre-proposal preparation April 25, 2021 3 April 28, 2021
Literature Review April 28, 2021 12 May 10, 2021
Completion of Proposal May 1, 2021 1 May 2, 2021
Interaction with Supervisor May 10, 2021 2 May 12, 2021
Codes and Old Report Review May 12, 2021 4 May 16, 2021
Drawing received May 15, 2021 1 May 16, 2021
Preliminary Design Work May 16, 2021 10 May 26, 2021
Load Calculation June 5, 2021 July 10, 2021
Base Shear Calculation July 10, 2021 July 21, 2021
Modeling in ETABS August 2, 2021
15
Figure 2.2: Gantt Chart of Work Schedule
16
CHAPTER 3
3.2 Load
3.2.1 Dead Load
Dead load is the self-weight of the structural members. The Dead load comprises
the loads due to the materials used in the construction and parts or components in
a building. It consists of the loads due to structural elements like beam, column,
wall slab, staircase, finishes applied in the building and some permanent structures
like water tanks etc. Dead Load is calculated according to IS 875:1987 (Part I).
Lateral load acting in the building are earthquake load and wind load. But in case
of Kathmandu valley, wind is not severe. Thus, only earthquake load analysis is
carried out. Wind Load is used in place where there is only heavy wind. During
design only one of seismic or wind load is considered since the probability of
occurring of both at same time is low.
17
3.2.3 Live Load
Live load also known as imposed is the load on structures includes the weight of
stored solid materials and liquids and the load imposed by vehicles and moving
equipment’s. The magnitude of live load depends upon the type of occupancy of
the building. These are to be chosen from codes as IS 875:1987 (Part II) for
various occupancies. The live load distribution varies with the time. Hence, each
member is designed for the worst combination for dead and live loads.
18
Lx=Short span length
Ly=Long span length
m= (Lx/Ly) = Short span/ Long Span
The load of the slab is assumed to be formed in the triangular and trapezoidal
form forming at an angle 45º. Such triangular and trapezoidal loads are converted
into uniformly distributed loads using above formulae.
Different load cases and load combinations are considered to obtain the most
critical element stress in the structure in the course of analysis. There are all
together four load cases considered for the structural analysis and are mentioned
as below:
i) Dead Load (DL)
ii) Live Load (LL)
iii) Earthquake load in X- direction (EQx)
iv) Earthquake load in Y- direction (EQy)
Following Load Combinations are adopted as per IS 1893:2002 (Part I) Cl.6.3.1.2:
i. 1.5 (DL + LL)
ii. 1.5 (DL + EQx)
iii. 1.5 (DL - EQx)
iv. 1.5 (DL + EQy)
v. 1.5 (DL - EQy)
vi. 1.2 (DL + LL + EQx)
vii. 1.2 (DL + LL - EQx)
viii. 1.2 (DL + LL + EQy)
ix. 1.2 (DL + LL – EQy)
x. 0.9DL + 1.5EQx
xi. 0.9DL - 1.5EQx
xii. 0.9DL + 1.5EQy
xiii. 0.9DL - 1.5EQy
The characteristics load considered in the design of foundation is Dead Load plus
Live Load. To find out the stress at the various points of the foundation, depth of
footing and reinforcement at most critical factored loads are considered.
19
CHAPTER 4
Preliminary Design
It is necessary to know the approximate section of the structure for the detail
analysis. The section should be provided initially while analyzing in almost all
software. Only Dead load and Live load are considered during the preliminary
design. Preliminary design is carried out to estimate approximate size of the
structural members before analysis of structure.
L/d ≤
Then,
Lx/d ≤
20
Here, lx’ = Ly/2 = 7696.2/2 = 3848.1mm
Then,
lx’/d ≤
L/d ≤
Then,
L/d ≤
21
∴ d ≥ 246.67mm
Also,
d = L/15 to L/12
d = 7696.2/12 = 641.35mm
Providing effective cover (d’) of 50mm, provide overall depth of beam (D) =
700mm
= 0.5x700 to 0.667x700
= 350 to 467 mm
Adopt b = 400mm
d = L/15 to L/12
d = 5105.4/15 = 340.36mm
Providing effective cover of 50mm, provide overall depth of beam (D) = 400mm
= 0.5x400 to 0.667x400
= 200 to 267 mm
Adopt b = 250mm
Column ID: C3
22
From Table 28 of Is 456:2000,
Thickness of wall: 230mm for main wall and 130mm for partition wall.
Now,
From IS 875: Part I and Part II
Imposed Load = 4 kN/m²
Unit weight of RCC = 25 kN/m3
Unit weight of Brick masonry wall = 19.2 kN/m3
Unit weight of Partition wall = 1.5 kN/m²
Unit weight of Floor finish = 0.5 kN/m2
23
Live Load Calculation
Total Imposed Load = 4 x 34.30 x (1 + 0.9 + 0.8 + 0.7 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.6
+ 0.6 + 0.6 +0.5) = 1029 kN = 1029 x 103 N
For Design Load, adopting 1.5 FOS and add 30% for earthquake
consideration.
Pu = 0.4×fck×Ac + 0.67×fy×Asc
Asc = 4% of Ag
∴ Ac = 0.96Ag
Now,
∴ Ag = 436301.7212 mm2
Adopt b = 700mm
24
Thus, the size of column is taken as 700mm x 700mm.
25
CHAPTER 5
Lateral load on the building frames is caused primarily by wind load and Seismic
load. Earthquake shocks produced horizontal sway, which results in the inertia
force acting horizontally on the structure. The wind load and earthquake load are
assumed not to act simultaneously at a time since it is highly unlikely for both
heavy wind and earthquake to occur simultaneously, only the lateral load due to
the Earthquake shocks is dealt here. It was found by extensive observation that
these horizontal forces rather than induced by the simultaneous vertical motion of
the ground, are chiefly responsible for the structural Earthquake damages. For this
reason, building codes in the localities with higher Earthquake incidence required
that structural design. To resist corresponding horizontal forces, these horizontal
forces have been computed using Seismic Coefficient Method following IS
1893(part I):2002. The horizontal forces due to earthquake shocks are determined
and the next step was to find the design forces in the member due to these lateral
forces. The exact analysis of such forces requires very lengthy computation. In the
most of the cases, however, such accurate determination is neither required nor
justified.
Seismic weight is the total dead load plus appropriate amount of imposed load.
While computing the seismic load, weight of each floor, the weights of columns
and walls in any storey shall be equally distributed to the floors above and below
the storey. The seismic weight of the whole building is the sum of the seismic
weights of all the floors. . It has been calculated according to IS:1893(Part I) :
2016.
The lump mass of each component is calculated as follows:
26
Beam:
The volume of the whole beam in a storey is calculated and the load is calculated
by multiplying it with the unit weight i.e., 25 kN/m3.
Column:
The volume of the whole no. of columns is calculated and the load is calculated by
multiplying it with unit weight i.e., 25 kN/m3.
Wall:
The UDL of the wall is calculated. And UDL is multiplied with the perimeter of
the wall area and load is calculated. Opening was subtracted.
Preliminary data:
• Seismic Zone: V
• Size of Column: 700mm x 700mm
• Depth of Slab: 150mm
• Size of main beam and secondary beam: 700mm x 400mm, 400mm x 250mm
• Floor Height: 3.2004m
There are basically two methods to determine the earthquake force in the building.
a) Seismic coefficient method (Static method)
b) Response spectrum (Modal analysis / Spectral acceleration / Dynamic) Method
27
Again,
28
Figure 5.1: Spectral for Equivalent Static Method
After determining the Horizontal base shear, the distribution of lateral load on
different floors is determined as follows:
29
5.2 Seismic Weight Calculation
Table 5.1: Seismic Weight Calculation
30
5.3 Base Shear Calculation
Table 5.2: Base Shear Calculation
31
5.4 Seismic Force Calculation
Table 5.3: Seismic Weight Calculation
Seismic Weight
Floor Height (m) Wi×hi2 Wi×hi2/Σ(Wi×hi2) Qxi (kN) Qyi(kN)
(kN)
Top 3883.238096 32.004 3977429.981 0.14240 914.703 1243.724
G+9 7958.791688 28.804 6602990.615 0.23640 1518.512 2064.724
G+8 8308.226788 25.603 5446240.812 0.19499 1252.490 1703.014
G+7 8308.226788 22.403 4169778.122 0.14929 958.938 1303.870
G+6 8308.226788 19.202 3063510.457 0.10968 704.526 957.945
G+5 8308.226788 16.002 2127437.817 0.07617 489.254 665.240
G+4 8308.226788 12.802 1361560.203 0.04875 313.123 425.753
G+3 8308.226788 9.601 765877.614 0.02742 176.131 239.486
G+2 8308.226788 6.401 340390.051 0.01219 78.281 106.438
G+1 7406.798788 3.200 75864.582 0.00272 17.447 23.722
Total (Σ) 27931080.256 6423.404 8733.918
32
5.5 Irregularity Check
References S.N. Calculations Results
IS 1893:2016 1 Plan Irregularity
Table 5 Fig 3b Projection length in X-direction A=0m
Projection length in Y-direction A=0m
Building dimension parallel to A,
Regular
In X-Direction, L=18.0399m
In Y-Direction, L=32.6786m
In X-Direction, A/L= 0 <0.15
In Y-Direction A/L= 0<0.15
IS 1893:2016 2 Vertical Irregularity
Fig 4C Projection length at top, L1 =
19.8374m
Irregular
Projection length at bottom,
L2=32.6786m
L2>1.25L1
IS 1893:2016 3 Mass Irregularity
Fig 4b Seismic wt. at Floor level
First Floor (F1) =7527.499KN Regular
Second Floor (F2) =8428.927KN
1.5F1>F2
IS 1893:2016 4 Stiffness Irregularity
Fig 4a Ground Floor (K0) =14589626.938
Regular
First Floor (K1) =1273958.758
K0>K1
32
CHAPTER 6
Structural Analysis
For structural modeling of the present building, ETABS software was used.
ETABS is a special purpose finite element analysis and design program developed
specifically for building systems. With ETABS, models are defined logically
floor-by-floor, column-by-column, bay-by-bay and wall-by-wall and not as a
stream of non-descript nodes and elements as in general purpose programs. The
software has very powerful numerical methods, design procedures and
international design codes, all working from a single comprehensive database. At
its core, it utilizes the same analysis engine as used by SAP2000. Among others,
ETABS can do model generation, seismic and wind load generation, finite
element-based linear and non-linear static and dynamic analysis, concrete frame
design (column and beam) and shear wall design.
The finite element library consists of different elements, out of which the three-
dimensional frame element was used in this analysis. The frame element uses a
general, three-dimensional, beam-column formulation which includes the effects
of biaxial bending, torsion, axial deformation and biaxial shear deformations.
Structures that can be modeled with this element include:
Three-dimensional frames
Three-dimensional trusses
Planar frames
Planar grillages
Planar trusses
A frame element is modeled as a straight line connecting two joints. Each element
has its own local coordinate system for defining section properties and loads, and
for interpreting output.
Each frame element may be loaded by self-weight, multiple concentrated loads
and multiple distributed loads. End offsets are available to account for the finite
size of beam and column intersections. End releases are also available to model
33
different fixity conditions at the ends of the element. Element internal forces are
produced at the ends of each element and at a user-specified number of equally-
spaced output stations along the length of the element.
Loading options allow for gravity, thermal and pre-stress conditions in addition to
the usual nodal loading with specified forces and or displacements. Dynamic
loading can be in the form of a base acceleration response spectrum, or varying
loads and base accelerations.
For Structural modeling of the building, ETABS has been used. The general
procedure of using ETABS is as follows:
Defining Grid
Defining materials
Defining section properties
Creating Elements
Defining joint restraints
Defining load patterns, load cases
Defining loads
Defining Load combination
Running the analysis
Verify output
Trial design
Check member forces
Re-design if required
34
Figure 6.1: 3D Model of Structure
35
CHAPTER 7
36
CONCLUSIONS
The purpose of proposed project is purely academic oriented, but we have made
every effort to make it applicable for real construction. The design of the
multistoried building is done aiming safety and serviceability criteria. After
completion of the project, we believe we can individually design similar types of
structure and structural elements and would gain in-depth knowledge about the
design of RCC buildings. We hope that this project meets the expectations of our
respected supervisor and rest of our teachers to meet the requirement of Final
Year Project. SAP 2000 tool was very helpful for the analysis and design of the
building. We believe this report will also serve as a guidance and reference for our
contemporaries and juniors to understand the basic behavior of the structures and
also the principles and methodology required for the design of such type of
structures.
37
REFERENCES
Books
1. Jain, A.K., Reinforced Concrete (Limit State Design), Nem Chand and Bros,
5th edition, 1990
2. Varghese, P.C., Limit State Design of Reinforced Concrete, Princeton Hall of
India, 1998
3. Sinha, S.N., Reinforced Concrete Design, Tata McGraw- Hill, 2nd Edition,
1996
4. Chopra, A.K., Dynamics of Structures, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, 2008
5. Jain, Dr. S.K., Explanatory Examples on Indian Seismic Code IS 1893 (Part I),
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur.
Codes
1. Plain & Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice – IS 456:2000
2. Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structure – IS 1893 (Part I):2000
3. Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) for Buildings and
Structures – IS 875 (Part II):1987
4. Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete – SP 16
5. Design and Construction of Raft Foundation – IS 2950 (Part I):1981
6. Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic
Force – Code of Practice – IS 13920:1993
7. Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement & Detailing – SP 34 (S & T):1987
Journals
1. Waghmare, P.B., Pajgade, P.S. and Kanhe, N.M., Response spectrum analysis
of a shear frame structure by using MATLAB, Int. Journal of Applied Sciences
and Engineering Research, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2012, www.ijaser.com
2. V. Nagaraju, et. al. (2018). ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTI -
STOREY BUILDING UNDER LOAD . International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 3817-3824.
38
ABBREVIATIONS
Cl.: Clause
EQ: Earthquake
39
ANNEX – I
CALCULATIONS
ANNEX – II
DRAWINGS