Chapter 12: Digital Modulation and Modems

MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. FSK stands for:
a. Full-Shift Keying
b. Frequency-Shift Keying

c. Full-Signal Keying
d. none of the above

ANS: B
2. PSK stands for:
a. Pulse-Signal Keying
b. Pulse-Shift Keying

c. Phase-Signal Keying
d. Phase-Shift Keying

ANS: D
3. QAM stands for:
a. Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
b. Quadrature Amplitude Masking

c. Quadrature Amplitude Marking

d. none of the above

ANS: A
4. In the equation I = ktB, I is measured in:
a. amperes
b. amperes per second

c. bits
d. bits per second

ANS: C
5. In the equation C = 2Blog2M, M is the:
a. margin of noise
b. modulation index

c. number of possible states per symbol

d. maximum number of symbols per second

ANS: C
6. An "eye pattern" shows a good channel when:
a. the eye is maximally open
c. the eye is half open
b. the eye is maximally closed
d. the eye alternately opens and closes
ANS: A
7. What you see in an eye pattern is the effect of:
a. too many bits high
c. intermodulation distortion
b. too many bits low
d. intersymbol interference
ANS: D
8. High-frequency radioteletype systems commonly use:
a. FSK
c. PSK
b. AFSK
d. QAM
ANS: A

9. Instead of a single bit, a QPSK symbol contains:

a. a byte
c. a dibit
b. 4 bits
d. a Q-bit
ANS: C
10. To reduce the need for linearity, /4 DQPSK uses:
a. angles of 0, 90, 180, and 270 degrees
c. angles of /4, 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4
b. angles of 45, 135, 225, and 315 degrees
d. double phase-shift angles
ANS: B
11. For QAM, a "constellation diagram" shows:
a. location of symbols in "symbol space"
b. separation of symbols in "symbol space"

c. effects of noise on symbols

d. all of the above

ANS: D
12. For QAM, the two dimensions of its symbol space are:
a. amplitude and frequency
c. frequency and phase angle
b. amplitude and phase angle
d. I-bits and Q-bits
ANS: B
13. The specs of the old Bell type 103 modem were:
a. 300 bps, full-duplex, FSK
c. 1200 bps, full-duplex, FSK
b. 600 bps, full-duplex, FSK
d. 1200 bps, half-duplex, FSK
ANS: A
14. ITU is an abbreviation for:
a. International Telephony Unit
b. International Telephony Union

c. International Telecommunications Union

d. International Telecommunications Units

ANS: C
15. The ITU is under the auspices of:
a. CCITT
b. the U.N.

c. IEEE
d. ANSI

ANS: B
16. High-speed modems equalize the line to compensate for:
a. noise and interference
b. uneven phase and frequency response
c. low SNR
d. inconsistent bit rates at either end of channel
ANS: B
17. The bits sent to allow equalization are called:
a. Gaussian bits
b. random bits

c. a training sequence
d. a random sequence

ANS: C
18. The V.90 standard is issued by:
a. the EIA
b. the TIA

c. the ITU
d. the ISO

ANS: C
19. MNP2, MNP3, MNP4, and MNP10 are all:
a. data-compression schemes
b. error-correction protocols

c. both a and b
d. none of the above

ANS: B
20. MNP5 and V.42 bis are both:
a. data-compression schemes
b. error-correction protocols

c. both a and b
d. none of the above

ANS: A
21. In RS-232, flow control is done using:
a. RTS/CTS handshake
b. XON/XOFF characters

c. both a and b
d. none of the above

ANS: C
22. The official name for RS-232C is:
a. RS-232C
b. EIA-232D

c. ISO-232C/D
d. ANSI-232C

ANS: B
23. In RS-232, a modem would be:
a. a DTR
b. a DSR

c. a DCE
d. a DTE

ANS: C
24. In RS-232, a personal computer would be:
a. a DTR
b. a DSR

c. a DCE
d. a DTE

ANS: D
25. On a DB-9 RS-232 connector, signal ground is pin:
a. 1
c. 5
b. 3
d. 7
ANS: C
26. On a DB-25 RS-232 connector, signal ground is pin:
a. 1
c. 5
b. 3
d. 7

ANS: D
27. The minimum lines required for RS-232 are:
a. TD and RD
b. TD, RD, and signal ground

c. TD, RD, DSR, and signal ground

d. TD, RD, RTS, CTS, and signal ground

ANS: B
28. Hardware flow control uses:
a. XON and XOFF
b. TD and RD

c. RTS and CTS

d. DSR and DCD

ANS: C
29. Software flow control uses:
a. XON and XOFF
b. TD and RD

c. RTS and CTS

d. DSR and DCD

ANS: A
30. Which voltage represents a binary zero on an RS-232 data pin:
a. +15 volts
c. +9 volts
b. +12 volts
d. all of the above
ANS: D
31. DSL stands for:
a. Data Signal Line
b. Digital Signal Line

c. Digital Subscriber Line

d. Double-Speed Loop

ANS: C
32. ADSL stands for:
a. Asynchronous DSL
b. Asymmetrical DSL

c. Analog DSL
d. All DSL

ANS: B
33. In a CATV system, HFC stands for:
a. Head Frequency Control
b. Hybrid Frequency Control

c. Hybrid Fiber-Coax
d. Hybrid Fiber Control

ANS: C
34. In a CATV system, CMTS stands for:
a. Cable Modem Terminal Server
b. Cable Modem Transmission System

c. Cable Modem Terminal System

d. Cable Modem Transmission Server

ANS: A
35. A "splitter" at the subscriber end is not required for:
a. Any DSL scheme
c. ADSL Lite
b. ADSL
d. none of the above

ANS: C
COMPLETION
1. RTS means Request To ____________________.
ANS: Send
2. The response to RTS is ____________________.
ANS: CTS
3. FSK stands for Frequency-Shift ____________________.
ANS: Keying
4. DSR stands for ____________________ Set Ready.
ANS: Data
5. QAM stands for ____________________ Amplitude Modulation.
ANS: Quadrature
6. The number of symbols per second is called the ____________________ rate.
ANS: baud
7. The 2 bits of information in a QPSK symbol is called a ____________________.
ANS: dibit
8. QPSK uses ____________________ different phase angles.
ANS: four
9. DPSK stands for ____________________ PSK.
ANS: Delta
10. The QAM amplitude-phase combinations are shown with a ____________________ diagram.
ANS: constellation
11. ITU stands for International _________________________ Union.
ANS: Telecommunications
12. In QAM modems, ____________________ coding adds extra bits to improve performance on a noisy
line.

ANS: Trellis
13. ____________________ is used in a high-speed modem to compensate for uneven frequency and phase
response on a line.
ANS: Equalization
14. The maximum allowed speed for a modem on a dial-up line is about ____________________ bps.
ANS: 54k
15. The nominal maximum speed on an RS-232 cable is ____________________ bps.
ANS: 20k
16. In RS-232, the ____________________ line is asserted when the analog carrier from another modem is
being received.
ANS:
CD
DCD
RLSD
17. Between hardware flow control and software flow control, ____________________ flow control is
preferred.
ANS: hardware
18. A voltage higher than ____________________ volts should be considered a high on an RS-232 receiver.
ANS: 3
19. A ____________________ modem cable is used to connect two DTEs via their serial ports.
ANS: null
20. ADSL stands for ____________________ DSL.
ANS: Asymmetrical
21. A typical CATV system is organized as a ____________________ network.
ANS: tree
22. In a CATV system using cable modems, a ____________________ is used to put several channels of data
onto a fiber-optic backbone.
ANS: CMTS
23. ____________________ is the process of synchronizing transmitted data from cable modems to a CMTS.

ANS: Ranging
24. ____________________ systems send high-speed data over a POTS line while sharing the line with dialup service.
ANS: ADSL
25. The ____________________ version of ADSL does not require a splitter at the subscriber end.
ANS: lite
26. ____________________ modulation divides the line bandwidth into many narrow bands called tones or
bins for ADSL.
ANS: DMT
27. A DSLAM is a DSL Access ____________________.
ANS: Multiplexer
SHORT ANSWER
1. Calculate the bits per second capacity of a system sending 1000 symbols per second with 16 possible
states per symbol.
ANS:
4000
2. How many points will be on the constellation diagram of a QAM system using 8 phase angles and 2
amplitude levels?
ANS:
16
3. A CATV system has 100 cable-modem customers sharing a single channel with a data rate of 36 Mbps. If
half the modems are active at any given time, what bit rate can a customer expect?
ANS:
720 kbps
4. A DMT system uses 4.3-kHz bins on a 1-MHz cable. Approximately how many bins are there?
ANS:
230
5. Assuming a maximum symbol rate of 400 per second, how many possible states must a symbol have to
achieve a data rate of 1200 bps?
ANS: