Petrel TIPS&TRICKS from SCM

Knowledge Worth Sharing

TheMappingWorkflowinPetrel
ManywhomovetoPetrelfromanothermappingprogramareconfusedastohowtodoinPetrelthefunctionsthey
didinthatotherprogram.TheMappingWorkflowisacommonactivitythatmustbedoneandyetisnotintuitiveto
newPetrelusers.PetrelhasallthetoolstoexecutetheMappingWorkflowandthosetoolsworkverywell.Learning
whichtoolstouse,wherethosetoolsarelocated,andinwhatordertoexecutethemisthePetrellearningcurve.
ThisTIPS&TRICKSarticledescribeswhattheMappingWorkflowisandwalksyouthroughthemainstepsofthat
workflow.ThearticleistooshorttogointodetailonallaspectsoftheWorkflow.Youcanlearnthosedetails
throughtrialanderror,byaskingotherusers,orbytakingSCMsMappingWorkflowcourse(calledIntermediate).
TheauthorshopethisbriefintroductionwilljumpstartyourPetrelmappingexperienceandprovidethefoundation
youneedtotakeadvantageoffurthertraining,regardlessofwhereyougetit.

TheMappingWorkflow
ThetermMappingWorkflowmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.MappingWorkflowasusedinthis
documentstartswithstructuredata(tops,seismicevents,digitizedcontours)andzoneaveragepetrophysical
data,carriesthatdatathroughthemappingprocess,andendswithvolumecalculations.TheMappingWorkflow
describedheredoesnotfocusondatageneration,onbuildingpolishedbase,contour,orpropertymaps,noronthe
generationofpolishedcrosssections.ThestepsintheMappingworkfloware:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Importorcreatedata
Build2DstructureGridforeachhorizon
Buildstructuralframework(3DGrid)
Buildaverage2DpetrophysicalGridsforeachzone
Buildpetrophysicalproperties(3DGrid)
Createfluidcontacts
Calculatevolumes

Figure:GraphicimagesfromPetrelshowingtheMappingWorkflow.

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ImportorCreateData
DatausedintheMappingWorkflowaretypicallyrelatedtoculture,structuresurfaces,orpetrophysicalproperties.
TheproceduresusedtoimportASCIIfilesortotransferfromadatabaseusingOpenSpiritarenotdiscussedhere.
YouwillneedtorefertothePetrelHelpManualortoaPetrelIntroductoryorMappingWorkflowcourseforimport
details.

Culture
Culturedatausuallyconsistsofpolygonsrepresentingleasesandfeaturessuchasroads,streams,shorelines,pipe
lines,platforms,andbuildings.SometimesthepolygonshaveZvaluesbutoftentheydonot,inwhichcaseavalue
of0.0isautomaticallyassignedbyPetrel.ThepolygonsZvaluescanberesetatanytimeusinganoperationthat
assignsaconstantorsnapstoasurface.
TheMake/editPolygonsprocesscanbeusedtocreatepolygons.Thisisoftendonewhenbitmaps,showingculture
features,areavailablebutpolygonfilesarenot.ThebitmapsareimportedintoPetrelandthepolygonsdigitized
fromthosebitmaps.MethodsfordigitizingfromabitmaparedescribedintheTIPS&TRICKSarticletitledScan,
RegisterandDigitizeaBitmap.
Figure:LeasepolygonsaretypicalculturefeaturesusedintheMappingWorkflow.

Figure:BitmapimportedanddisplayedinPetrel(left)andthedigitizedfaultblockpolygonwithinwhichvolumesare
calculated(right).

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StructureData
Structuredatarelatedirectlyorindirectlytothehorizonsbeingmodeled.Datarelatingdirectlyaretoppicksfrom
wells,interpretedseismicevents(timeordepth),anddigitizedcontours.Indirectdataincludefaultpolygonsor
sticksusuallyfromseismicinterpretationandfaultcutsfromwells.
Toppicksandfaultcutsaresometimesinterpretedinotherprograms.TheycanbeimportedintoPetrelasXYZ
pointfilesoraspointswithattributes,inwhichcasetherecanbemanyZvalueslinkedtooneXYlocation.More
commonly,thetopsareimportedandlinkedtowellbores.TodothisrequiresthatthewellboresexistinPetrel.
Creatingwellboresinvolves:
1. Creatingawellsfolder.
2. ImportingtheWellHeaderswhichcontains:XY,wellname,KBandothersupportinformationaboutthe
well.
3. Importingthedeviationsurveyforthewell.
Oncewellboresexistthenatopsfolderiscreatedandthetops,faultcutsorbothareimported.Criticalparameters
forthisimportarethewellname(exactlyasthewellboreisnamed),thenameofthesurfaceorfault,themeasured
depth(MD)and(optionally)thedatatype(horizonorfault).MDisalmostalwaysusedratherthanXYZ(another
choiceforimportingtops)sinceMDwilllinkthetoptothewellbore,whileXYZdatawillforcethepicktobe
locatedinthatpositionregardlessofwhetherthewellboreactuallypassesthroughthelocation.
Figure:PointsasasingleXYZfile(left),withmultipleattributes(center),andlinkedtoawellbore(right).

TopsandfaultcutsareoftenpickedinPetrel.TodothisrequiresthatlogshavealreadybeenimportedintoPetrel.
ThelogsaredisplayedinaWellSectionwindowandthedesiredtopsorcutsnamedandpickedusingtheMake/edit
welltopsprocess.ThepickscaneasilyberesettoadifferenttoppickorfaultcutusingtheWellTopsspreadsheet.

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Figure:TopsandfaultcutsdisplayedintheWellSectionwindowinwhichtheywereinterpreted(left)andtheWell
TopsspreadsheetusedtoQC,edit,import,andexportthetopsfromoneormanywells.

SeismichorizonscanbeinterpretedineithertimeordepthwithinPetrel.Oftenthesedataareinterpretedinother
programsandmovedintoPetrel.Sometimesgridsarebuiltfromtheinterpretedseismicdataandthosegrids
broughtintoPetrel.Theauthorshavefounditisbesttobringboththeoriginalseismicinterpretationandthegrids
builtfromtheinterpretationintoPetrel.Thiswayfaultgapsintheoriginaldatacanbeseenandusedtocheckfault
polygonsandthestructuregridcanberecreatedincasetheoriginalgridwasoverlysmoothedorthewrong
incrementused.
Faultpolygons,sticks,andcutscanbebroughtintoPetrel.AllareusefulforbuildingfaultmodelsinthePetrel
ModelingWorkflowbutgenerallyonlyfaultpolygonsareusedwhenworkinginthePetrelMappingWorkflow.Ifthe
seismicinterpretationisfullypickedandterminatescleanlyatfaultgapsthenfaultpolygonsarenotreallyneeded
tobuildareasonablygoodqualitygridofthesurface.Thegridwillwalkdownthefaultfacelikeaverytight
membranestretchedovertheseismicinterpretation.
Figure:Faultpolygonsimportedanddisplayedina3Dwindowwithseismicinterpretation(left),a2DGridbuilt
usingthepolygonsandtheseismicinterpretation(center),anda2DGridbuiltusingonlytheseismicinterpretation
(right).

Digitizedcontourdataareusedtobuildbothstructureandpetrophysical2DGrids.Thedatamaycomefrom
anotherprogramorbecreatedinPetrel.Afileofcontourscontainsmanylines.ThelineshaveZvaluesandtheZ
valuesforonelineareallthesame.TheMake/editpolygonsprocessisusedtocreatecontours(actuallypolygons
withconstantZvalues)inPetrel.ThemethodusedtocreateandeditdigitizedcontoursinPetreldifferssignificantly
fromthatusedinotherprograms.SeeSCMsTIPS&TRICKStitledContourGriddingforhintsandmethodsfor
digitizingandgriddingcontourdata.

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Figure:Digitizedcontours(left)andthegridbuiltfromthem(right).Notethatthepointsonthecontoursarewidely
spaced.ThisspacingisimportantwhenworkingwithcontoursinPetreltoalloweasyeditingbutdoesnotimpact
thequalityofthegrid.

PetrophysicalData
Petrophysicaldatarepresentingtheaveragepetrophysicalvalueatthelocationwhereawellpenetratesthezone
canbecalculatedinPetrelorbyotherprogramsandthenimportedintoPetrel.Usuallythecalculatedvalueis
storedatthelocationwherethewellpenetratesthetopofthezoneforwhichthevalueisbeingcalculated.Ifthese
valuesarecalculatedinPetrel,theyarestoredwiththetoppicksaszoneattributedata.Theycanbeextractedfrom
theTopsfileasaseparatepointfileforeachzone.IfthesedataaremovedintoPetrelfromanotherprogram,they
willlikelybeXYpointswithoneormoreZvaluesperpoint.
Figure:PetrophysicaldataintheTopsfiledisplayedinaspreadsheet(left)andasapointsfile(right).

ThecreationofzoneaveragepetrophysicalvaluesinPetrelisnotintuitiveandwouldbeagoodsubjectforafuture
TIPS&TRICKSarticle.Thegeneralapproachis:
1. Havealogofthepropertytobeaveraged
2. Haveatopsfilecontainingtopsbetweenwhichthezoneaveragevaluesaretobecalculated(besurethere
arenomissingtops)
3. CreateanewattributeintheTopsfile(ContinuousorDiscretedependingonwhatyouarecalculating)
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4. GotoAttributeoperationstabandcalculatethevalue:
a. ChecktheradiobuttonTothezonesatlevel:
b. ChecktheradiobuttonSamplefrom:Welllogs
c. SelecttheLogtobeused:
d. SelecttheAveragingmethod:
e. Adjustotherparametersasneeded
f. ClickontheRunbutton
5. Renametheattributeifdesired
6. Changetheattributestemplate,ifneeded
7. QCthevaluesinaWellsection
Figure:Attributeoperationstabusedtocalculatezoneaveragevalues(left)andWellsectionshowingtheoriginal
logandcalculatedaveragevalue(right).

Build2DStructureGridforeachHorizon
2Dstructuregridsarebuiltforeachhorizontobemodeled.TheMake/editsurfaceprocessisusedtobuildthese.
Severaldatascenariosareusedforthisworkandsomeofthemostcommonaresummarizedbelow.Petrel2009
andlaterreleaseshavefunctionalitythatallowseveralfilesrepresentingthesamesurfacetobeblendedtogether
bytheMake/editsurfaceprocesswitheachfilebeinggivenadifferentweight.

SeismicInterpretationandTops
SeismicinterpretationindepthisgriddedandthatgridtiedtotoppicksinonepassoftheMake/editsurface
process.SeismicinterpretationdataistheMaininput.TheAlgorithmtabparameterscontrolbuildingthegridand
areusuallyallowedtodefault.TheGeometrytabcontrolstheXYincrements,rotation,andXYlimitsandcanbe
automaticallysetusingtheinputdata.TheWelladjustmenttaballowstoppicksrelatedtotheseismicdatatobe
usedtotiethegrid.Theinfluenceradiusforthecorrectioncanbecontrolledandthecalculatederrordataanderror
gridoutputalongwithareporttounderstandhowcloselytheoriginalseismicwastiedtothetops.

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Figure:Griddingseismicinterpretationandtyingtotoppicks:GeneralparametersandAlgorithmtabparameters
(left),Geometrytabparameters(center),andWelladjustmenttabparameters(right).

StructureGridandTops
OftenastructuregridwillhavebeenbuiltinanotherprogramorbuiltinPetrelandthenedited.Ineithercase,the
gridmayormaynottietothetoppicksforthatsurface.ItiseasytousetheMake/editsurfaceprocesstotiethe
gridtoitstoppicks.Thegridisthemaininput,thealgorithmcanbeallowedtodefault(Convergentinterpolation)or
theresamplingalgorithmused,thegeometryismadetomatchtheinputgridoralteredifdesired,andtheWell
adjustmenttabusedtopointtothetoppicks.
Figure:Tyinganexistinggridtotoppickswhileusingorchangingtheexistinggridgeometry:Generalparameters
andAlgorithmtabparameters(left),Geometrytabparameters(center),andWelladjustmenttabparameters(right).

DigitizedContoursandTops
Digitizedcontoursareoftenusedtopreciselydefinetheformofastructuresurface.Digitizedcontourscanbe
griddedandthatgridtiedtotoppicksinonepassoftheMake/editsurfaceprocess(Sept.2008TIPS&TRICKS).The
digitizedcontoursaretheMaininput.Algorithmtabparameterscontrolbuildingthegridandareusuallyallowedto
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default.ThePreprocessingtabisusedtoresamplethedigitizedcontourpointsfromaverysparsespacing(needed
forquickediting)toaverytightspacing(neededtoensurethelineformishonoredbythegrid).TheGeometrytab
parametersareadjustedtobereasonablefortheinputdata.TheWelladjustmenttaballowstoppicksrelatedto
thedigitizedcontourstobeusedtotiethegrid.
Figure:Griddingdigitizedcontoursandtyingtotoppicks:GeneralparametersandPreProcessingtabparameters
(topleft),Algorithmtabparameters(centerright),originalcontoursandtops(topright),Geometrytabparameters
(bottomleft),Welladjustmenttabparameters(bottomcenter),andconstructedgrid,contours,andtops(bottom
right).

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Often,thedigitizedcontoursareeditedusingtheMake/editpolygonsprocessaftertheinitialgridhasbeencreated.
WheneditingisdonethegridcanbeupdatedbysimplyrightclickingonthegridandselectingRegenerate.Thiswill
rebuildthegridusingalltheoriginalparametersandavoidshavingtoopentheMake/editsurfaceprocess.
Figure:Editedcontoursinblue(farleft),Regenerateoptionselectedasameanstorebuildagridwhendatacontent
changesbuttheparametersandnamesofthefilesdonot(leftcenter),gridbeforeregenerate(rightcenter),and
gridafterregenerate(farright).RegenerateavoidsopeningtheMake/editsurfaceprocessjusttorebuildthegrid
withthesameparameters.

MixofContours,SeismicInterpretation,andTops
Oftenseveraldatasetsareneededtofullydefineastructuresurface.Forexampleseismicmaycoverapartofa
surface,handdrawncontoursmaybeneededtodefinetherestofthesurface,andwelltopsneedtobetiedto.This
littlescenarioisbesthandledbybuildingasmallworkflow.YouwouldcreatethemaininputtotheMake/edit
surfaceprocessbycopyingthecontours,refiningbysplineinterpolation(addmorepointstocontours),converting
topoints,andappendingtheseismicdatawiththecontourpoints.Fromthatpointonthesameprocessthatwas
usedtogridseismicinterpretationandtopsaboveisused.Theexampleinthefigurebelowisforsandthicknessand
addsanadditionalmodificationstepforthepointdata(eliminatezerovalueddata)butisbasicallythesame.Note
thatthefilesarealwayscopiedbeforetheyarechanged.

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Figure:Portionofaworkflowusedtomergedigitizedcontourswithpoints(exampleisforthicknessdata).

UseofFaultsWhenBuildingGrids
Oftenfaultpolygonsareavailableforusewhenbuildinggrids.ThesepolygonsmayormaynothaveZvaluesthat
relatetothesurfacebeingconstructed.TheFaultsareinputtotheMake/editsurfaceprocessbyhighlightingthefile
nameandthenclickingonthe
totherightofthewordsFaultcenterlines/polygons.Theparametersfor
controllinghowfaultsareusedarefoundontheAlgorithmtabConvergentinterpolationSettingssubtaband
ontheExpertsubtab.Faultsarenotusedbyanyotheralgorithm.Fourparametersinfluencefaultuse:
Influence(Settingssubtab)Arangeof1%to100%isthepercentofthegriddingiterationsthatusethefaults.The
earlyiterationswillnotusethefaultswhilelateriterationswill,whichallowstheregionalformtocarryacrossthe
faultandthelocalformtobedisruptedbythefault.
UseZvalues(Settingssubtab)Ifthefaulthasvaluesthatrepresentthesurfacethenthesecanbeusedduring
griddingwhenthisparameterischecked.
Fillinside(Settingssubtab)Thefaultgapassociatedwithclosedfaultpolygonsisfilledwhenthisparameteris
checked.
Specifyinitialcoarseningfactor(Expertsubtab)Thisissettoasmallmultipleofthegridincrement(e.g.,4times
thegridincrement)anddefinesthestartinggridincrement.Ifnotset,theInfluenceparameterwillnotwork.
Often,whenusingseismicdata,faultpolygonsarenotused.Theprojectgoalisusuallyvolumetricswhichrequires
thesurfacebefilledinthefaultgap.Notusingfaultpolygonswillfillthegapleftintheinterpretationwhenthegrid
isbuilt.Ifdataaresparse,thenfaultpolygonsareoftenusedasconstraintsduringthegriddingprocess.Inthiscase,

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thefaultsareusuallyfilledinsideduringgridding.WhetherornottousefaultZvaluesdependsuponwhetherthe
valuesrepresentthesurfaceorhavesomeothervalue(e.g.,zero).
Figure:Make/editsurfaceparametersusedwhengriddingwithfaults.GeneralparametersandAlgorithmtab
Settingssubtabparameters(left),AlgorithmtabExpertsubtabparameters(center),andresultinggrid(right).

BaselapandTruncationRelationships
Whenstructuralsurfacesintersectduetobaselaportruncation,itisbesttoallowthesurfacestocrossoneanother,
infactitisdesirable.Crossingmeanstoallowthesurfacethatdoesntexisttoprojectpastandstaypasttheother
surface.InthenextstepoftheMappingWorkflow,2DhorizonGridswillbeintersectedwithoneanother.The
surfacesinputtothisstepshouldbemadetocross.Ifinsteadtheyaremadecoincidentbyperforminganoperation,
thenthetoolthatcombinesallthesurfacesintooneframeworkmay,duetoreinterpolation,createapairof
surfacesthatarealmostcoincidentbutnotquiteandthatcrisscrossbackandforthslightly.
Figure:Surfacescrossingatatruncationshowinghowthetruncated2DGridisallowedtocrossthetruncating2D
Grid(left)andwhatsometimeshappenswhenthetwoaremadecoincidenttooearlyintheMappingWorkflow
(right).Inthiscase,thetruncatedgridwaseditedslightlybeforebeinglinkedwiththetruncatingstructuresandthis
allowedthetwosurfacestoseparateintheareaoftruncation.

BuildStructuralFramework(3DGrid)
TheMappingWorkflowhasnottraditionallybeenthoughtofasa3DModelingprocess.However,Petrelhasa
numberoftoolsusedfor3DModelingthatcanbeusedfor2DMapping.Thesetoolsmaketheincorporationof
geologicrelationships,generationofisochoresanddisplays,andcalculationofvolumeseasyandquick(hours
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insteadofdays).Tousethesetoolsrequiresthatthe2DMappingelementsbemovedintothe3DModelingworld.
PetrelhasmadeiteasytodothisusingtheMakesimplegridprocess.
The2DstructuregridsbuiltearlierintheMappingWorkflowarelinkedtogetherintoastructuralframeworkusing
theMakesimplegridprocess.Howthisisdoneandtheparametercontrolsfordoingitaredescribedindetailin
SCMsTips&TrickentitledMakeSimpleGrid.Toquicklysummarizethatdocument,youdothefollowingsteps:
1. Create2Dstructuregridsthatallcoverthesamearea,haveacceptablegeologicform,andcrossinareas
wherebaselaportruncationoccur.
2. OpentheMakesimplegridprocess.
3. Insertthe2DGridsintopdownstratigraphicorder
4. Definetheirgeologicalrelationships(erosional,conformable,etc.)
5. UseoneofthegridstodefinetheXYlimitsandgridincrementstouse
6. Buildthe3DGrid(structuralframework)
Figure:ParametersoftheMakesimplegridprocessusedtobuildthestructuralframework.

Figure:Theindependent2DstructureGrids(left)andthehorizonslinkedina3Dgridandcutbyageneral
intersection(right).

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Onceina3DGrid,crosssectionscanbegeneratedinanydirectionthroughtheframework,isochorescanbe
generatedas2DGridsforeachzonewithapushofabutton,andgrossrockvolumesarecalculatedinamatterof
minutes.

BuildAverage2DPetrophysicalGridsforEachZone
OftenintheMappingWorkflowaconstantaveragepetrophysicalvalueisusedforanentirezone.Thisallowsyouto
movequicklyintothevolumetricsportionoftheworkflow.Statisticsonalllogvaluesinallwellsforazoneare
calculatedandtheaverageused(ifnettogrossisused,thencareisneededtoensurethatporosityandsaturation
logsusedforaveragingrepresentonlynet,otherwiseadoubledippingeffectwillbeseenandresultinlowered
volumes).
Inprojectswherepetrophysicalpropertiesvarylaterallyacrossthefield,zoneaveragegridsarecommonlyused.
Buildingthesegridsissimilartobuildingstructuralgridsexceptyouhavesomeadditionalparametersthatareused.
TheinputdataaretypicallyzoneaveragepointsfromaTopsorpointfileortheyarezoneaveragecontours,orthey
areboth.Forthisdiscussion,averagevaluesinatopsfilewillbeusedtobuildthezoneaveragegrid.Thegeneral
approachtobuildazoneaverageporositygridusingtheMake/editprocessis:
1. HighlightthezonenamefromtheStratigraphyfolderintheTopsfileandarrowitintotheMaininput:
parameter.
2. SelecttheAttributetobegridded.
3. BecausePetrelwillnameallgridsbuiltusingthisapproachthesame(fortheattribute)youmustcheckthe
boxinfrontofName:andenterauniquenameforthegrid(theauthorshavealwaysconsideredthisabug
inPetrelandperhapsinsomereleaseitwillbefixed).
4. GototheGeometrytabandsettheparametersasdesired.
5. GototheAlgorithmtabandadjusttheparameters.
a. UsuallyusetheConvergentinterpolationalgorithm
b. UsuallychecktheMaximumvalue:andallowittogo+10%ofinputdata
c. UsuallychecktheMinimumvalue:andmakeittogo10%ofinputdatta
6. GotothePostproctabandadjusttheparameters.
a. UsuallyaltertheMinZvalue:parametertobeTruncatedandsetthevalueto0.0.
b. SometimesaltertheMaxZvalue:parametertobeTruncatedandsetthevaluetoareasonable
upperlimit(e.g.,1.0fornettogross).
Usingtheseparametersallowsthegridtoextrapolate(inZdirection)somebutpreventsitfromviolatingreasonable
limitsforthetypeofdatabeinggridded.

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Figure:Parametersusedtobuildazonesporositygrid.

Figure:3DViewoftheporositygridwithdataposted.Notethatalittletransparencyhasbeenaddedtoseethe
bottomportionsofthetext.

BuildPetrophysicalProperties(3DGrid)
Ifallthestructureandpetrophysicalgridsforeachzoneareusedasindividualsthenaconsiderableamountofwork
isrequiredtocombinestructureswithfluidcontactstocreateisochoresandthentodiscountthoseisochoresby
N:G,Porosity,1Sw,andsoon(volumeprocessing).Eachoftheseoperationsispronetoerrorsandeachsetof
operationsmustbeperformedforeachzone,atimeconsumingprocess.Ifthesestructureandpetrophysical
elementsarecombinedinone3DGridthenPetrelautomaticallyhandlesallthevolumeprocessing.
Sincethestructureswerelinkedtogetherina3DGridinapreviousstep,itisasimpleprocesstolinkthezone
averagepetrophysicalgridstothezonesofthat3DGrid.ThisisdoneusingtheGeometricalmodelingprocess:
1. Makesurethecorrect3DGridisactive
2. OpentheGeometricalmodelingprocess(underthePropertymodelingfolder)
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3. CheckCreatenewpropertyradiobutton
4. SetSelectmethod:equaltoConstantorsurfaceinsegmentsandzones
5. SelecttheTemplatethatmatchesthepropertyyouarebuilding
6. UncheckSameforallzones
7. CheckAllsurfaces
8. Highlightthe2DpetrophysicalGridsandusethebluearrowtoinsertthem
9. ClickOKtocreateapetrophysicalproperty.
Figure:Parametersusedtocreatethepetrophysicalproperty(left),locationinthedatatreeoftheModelstab
wherethepropertyisstored(center),and3Dfenceviewoftheresultingproperty(right).

CreateFluidContacts
Fluidcontactsstartoutaseitherconstants(ifhorizontal)or2DGrids(iftilted).Thesecontactsarelinkedtothe3D
gridusingtheMakecontactsprocess.Youwillneedtodeterminethevaluestouseorbuildthe2DGridspriorto
callingthisprocess.Thestepsincreatingafluidcontactsetare:
1. Makesurethecorrect3DGridisactive
2. OpentheMakecontactsprocess(underCornerpointgriddingfolder)
3. Selectoraddthedesiredcontact
4. SettheContacttype:
5. EntertheContactname:
6. Inserttheconstantorgridrepresentingthecontact(note:itcanvaryforeachzone,youdidnotusefaultsso
itcannotvarybysegment)
7. ClickOKtobuildthecontact.
8. Thecontactisstoredinthe3DGridontheModelstab.

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Figure:Theparametersusedtobuildthefluidcontacts(topleft),thecontactsdrapedoveroneofthehorizons(top
right),andthecontactsdisplayedincrosssection(bottom).

CalculateVolumes
VolumecalculationsareeasyinPetrelbecauseyouhavebuiltallthefilesandtheyarelinkedinthe3DGrid.Usethe
followingstepstocalculatevolumes.
1. OpentheVolumecalculationprocess(underUtilitiesfolder)
2. CheckCreatenewcaseandenteranamewithnospacesorspecialcharacters
3. Selectthe3DGridyouwanttocalculatevolumesfor
4. WalkthroughthesubtabsassociatedwiththePropertiestab
a. Contactssubtab
i. Checkwhetherworkingoil,gas,orboth
ii. Highlightfluidcontactsandenterthemusingbluearrows
b. Generalpropertiessubtab
i. SelecttheNet/Grosspropertyorenteraconstantforallzones
ii. Selecttheporositypropertyorenteraconstantforallzones
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c. Oilpropertiessubtab
i. SelectorenterdesiredvaluesforSaturations(SwandSg),
ii. SelectorenterdesiredvaluesforSurfaceconditions(Bo,Rs),
iii. SelectorenterdesiredvaluesforRecoveryfactor(REC)
d. Gaspropertiessubtab(sameprocessasOilpropertiessubtab)
5. WalkthroughthesubtabsassociatedwiththeResultstab
a. Outputsubtab
i. DontusuallychecktheMakepropertyitems
ii. OftencheckafewoftheMakevolumeheightmap(grids)andsetthegridincrement
appropriately
iii. ChecktheboxinfrontofMakespreadsheetreport
iv. ClickontheReportsettingsbutton
1. UndertheCasesselectwhatvolumesaretobereportedandnumberformat
2. Undertheformatspecifyhowthereportistolook
b. FaciessubtabisnotusedintheMappingWorkflow
c. Boundariessubtab
i. Entertheleasepolygonsifyouhaveany
6. ClickApplybuttontosavetheparameterswiththecasename
7. ClickRunbuttontocalculatevolumes
Theresultsareprintedtoareportandwrittentothecase.ThecaseisstoredintheCasestabinthePetrelexplorer.
Youcanopenthecaseatanytime,rightclickonVolumecalculationandselectMakevolumetricreporttohavethe
reportregeneratedwithdifferentformats,etc.TherequestedthicknessgridswillbeintheInputtabinafolder
namedforthecase.
Figure:ParametersusedtorunVolumecalculationprocess.

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Report:Volumesreportforthisexample.

Petrel2010.2
Schlumberger
Usernamedmorgan

Date
Monday,March02201115:49:37
Project HGF.pet

Model
ClassModel

Grid
3Dgrid

InputXYunit
m

InputZunit
m

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HCintervals
Includesoilandgasinterval.

Gasoilcontact:
Gasoilcontact

Loweroilcontact:
Oilwatercontact

Generalproperties

Porosity: ZoneBCU(Porosity)

Netgross: 0.80000000

Propertiesingasinterval:

Sat.water:0.20000000

Sat.gas: 1SwSo

Sat.oil: 0.00000000

Bg(formationvol.factor):
0.00800000
[rm3/sm3]

0.00000000
[sm3/sm3]

Rv(vaporizedoil/gasratio):
Recoveryfactorgas: 0.80000000

Propertiesinoilinterval:

Sat.water:0.20000000

Sat.oil: 1SwSg

Sat.gas: 0.00000000

Bo(formationvol.factor):
1.23000000
[rm3/sm3]

Rs(solutiongas/oilratio):
535.00000000
[sm3/sm3]

Recoveryfactoroil: 0.52000000

Boundariesused

ProjectBoundary

Porevolume[*10^6rm3]
HCPVoil[*10^6rm3] HCPVgas[*10^6
Case
Bulkvolume[*10^6m3]
Netvolume[*10^6m3]
rm3]
STOIIP[*10^6sm3] GIIP[*10^6sm3]
Recoverableoil[*10^6sm3]
Recoverablegas[*10^6sm3]
Folder
Mapping_example 5595
4476
615
363
129
295
174175 154
139340

Totalsallresulttypes

Zones

Zone1
1862
1490
138
81
29
66
38940
34
31152

1635
271
160
57
130
76833
68
61466

Zone2
2044
Zone3
1689
1351
206
122
43
99
58401
52
46721

Boundaries

ProjectBoundary
5595
4476
615
363
129
295
174175 154
139340

Detailedresults

Zones
Boundaries
Bulkvolume[*10^6m3]
Netvolume[*10^6m3]
Porevolume[*10^6rm3]
HCPVoil[*10^6
Recoverableoil[*10^6sm3]
Recoverablegas[*10^6sm3]
rm3]
HCPVgas[*10^6rm3]STOIIP[*10^6sm3] GIIP[*10^6sm3]
Zone1

1862
1490
138
81
29
66
38940
34
31152

ProjectBoundary
1862
1490
138
81
29
66
38940
34
31152
Zone2

2044
1635
271
160
57
130
76833
68
61466
130
76833
68
61466

ProjectBoundary
2044
1635
271
160
57
Zone3

1689
1351
206
122
43
99
58401
52
46721

ProjectBoundary
1689
1351
206
122
43
99
58401
52
46721

Petrel is a mark of Schlumberger

4801 Woodway Drive, Suite 150W Houston, TX 77056 www.scminc.com info@scminc.com

2011 SCM E&P Solutions, Inc.

19

Figure:SomedisplaysgeneratedbytheVolumecalculationprocess.Notethatalthoughthetemplatesaysvolume
thegridactuallyrepresentsthickness.

Petrel is a mark of Schlumberger

4801 Woodway Drive, Suite 150W Houston, TX 77056 www.scminc.com info@scminc.com

2011 SCM E&P Solutions, Inc.

20