Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Math Symbols
Math Symbols
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon
Zeta
Eta
Theta
Iota
Kappa
Lambda
Mu
Nu
Xi
Omicron
Pi
Rho
Sigma
Tau
Upsilon
Phi
Chi
Psi
Omega
Greater than
x y
y x
a b
b a
equal
<
Less than
>
Greater than
Approximately
Congruent
Proportional
Is congruent to
Modulo
Not equal
Plus-minus
Equal
Times, cross
3 < 4
3 > 2
1.99997 2
( )ABC A B C
F x F = kx
5 1(mod 2)
3 2
x 2 = 1 x = 1
( a = b ) & (b = c ) a = c
2 3 = 6
A = ax i + ay j + az k
B = bx i + b y j + bz k
i
A B = ax
bx
Plus
Minus
2 + 3 = 5
2 3 = 1
ay
by
az
bz
6 3 = 2
50%
00
50 0
A B = A B cos
5! = 1 2 3 4 5 = 120
4=2
27 = 3
: Division /
Divided by
Percent
Per thousand
00
Dot
Factorial
Square root
Transpose
AT
B = A T b ji = aij
5.3 [ x ] = 5 & y = 5.6 [ y ] = 6
a12
a22
a11
a
21
3(2 + (4 1)) = 15
Bracket
][
Matrix
Parentheses
) (
Set Braces
}{
Sequence
][10, 20
) ( 1,0
close interval
open-interval
][,
)(,
[, )
close-open
( ,]
open-close
Convolution
( 5, 2]
[ 10,13)
F { g (x ) * f (x )} = F { g (x )} F {f (x )}
Absolute value
Determinant
Summation
x , x > 0
x =
x , x < 0
a11
a21 a22
n =10
n =0
Product
n =10
1
1 1
1
= + + +
n +2 2 3
11
n =0
Intersection
a12
1
1 1
1
=
n +1 2 3
11
n =10
= A 0 A1 A10
= A 0 A1 A10
n =0
n =10
Uonion
A
n =0
Integral
1 2 1
3
xdx = x 2 = (4 1) =
2 1 2
2
Double integral
f (x , y )dxdy
Triple integral
Line integral
g (x , y , z )dxdydz
dl
Surface integral
Volume integral
Contour integral
Therefore
Because
Exist
Not exist
For all
d
V
Propositional
if then
b a a , b
b a a , /b
b a a , b
( p ) = p
p q
pr
q r
if and only if
iff
Membership
Element of
Not member
p q
p q
q p
A = {a ,b ,c } , a A
A = {a ,b ,c } , d A
Union
A = {a ,b ,c } , B = {a , d }
A B = {a ,b ,c , d }
Intersection
A B = {a}
(proper) Subset
C = {a} , C A
superset
Not subset
Empty set
/ B
{ =
= M
D X '
Derivation to x
d
dx
df
= 2x
dx
f
= 2x
x
df 2
= 6x
dx 2
f (x ) = 2x
Paritial
derivation
dn
dx n
f (x ) = x 2
Derivation n
order
nth , nth
f (x ) = x 2
f (x ) = x
n
x n
Partial
derivation n
f (x ) = x
f 2
= 6x
x 2
order nth
Nabla
Laplace
+
+
x y z
operator (Nabla)
AB
AB
AB
Line segment
Ray
Infinity line
)(
2
2
2
= 2+ 2+ 2
x
y
z
2
( )
ABC , ABC
Triangle
Angle
( )ABC , ABC
Right angle
( )
Square
Parallelogram
Circle
Perpendicular
AB AC
Parallel
AB
AC
Similar
ABC A B C
Congruent
ABC A B C
Arc
ABC
" 3015' 25
) ( 1,5.7
Degree
Minute
'
"
Second
Cartesian
) (x , y
Coordinate
) (1.4,0, 2
) (9, 25
AB
V W
W V
Space Coo.
) (x , y , z
Polar Coo.
) ( r ,
Vector
Direct sum
X = X i
i =1
X = X i
i =1
Direct product
p q
)(
p q
and
True
False
or
!n
= P n = (n )k
k
!) (n k
10
Permutation
(n ) k
k n
Pkn
n
!n
= = C n
!) k k k!(n k
Combination
k n
) (
C kn
n
k
= i
Imaginary
number
e = 2.7182818284...
Napiers
constant
Eulers number
= 3.14159265...
= 1.618033988
xn
n =1
Pi
mean
Golden ratio
= x
sin x
=1
x 0
x
lim
1
= +
x 1
lim+
Infinity
x 1
} = {1, 2,3, 4,
} = {0,1, 2,3, 4,
limit
lim
Natural
numbers
Natrural with 0
} = {, 2, 1,0,1,2,
11
Integer numbers
= : m , n , n 0
n
Rational
numbers
) (
Real numbers
Positive Real
mumbers
Complex
numbers
x + iy
and so on
) y := f ( x
=:
is defined by
the right hand
side
max {1,3,4,2} = 4
Maximum
} { max
min {1,3,4, 2} = 1
Minimum
} { min
1
2
= sin 30
1
2
= cos 60
tan 45 = 1
Sine
sin
Cosine
cos
Tangent
tan
12
cot
Cotangent
sec
Secant
csc
Cosecant
Arc sin
Arc sine
Arc cos
Arc cosine
cot 45 = 1
sec =
1
cos
csc =
1
sin
Arc sin
1
= 30
2
45 = ( ) rad
4
Arc cos
Arc tan
Arc tangent
Arc cot
Arc cotangent
Arc sec
Arc secant
Arc csc
Arc cosecant
sinh
Hyperbolic sine
sh
cosh
ch
sec h
Hyperbolic
cosine
Hyperbolic
secant
cs c h
Hyperbolic
cosevant
: Radian
= 45 = ( ) rad
2
4
e x e x
sinh x =
()
2
e x + e x
cosh x =
()
2
()
()
sec hx =
2
e x + e x
cs c hx =
2
e e x
x
e 2x 1
tanh x = 2 x
)(
e +1
e 2x + 1
coth x = 2 x
)(
e 1
)(
1, i = j
0, i j
= ij
)n (n + 1
2
tangent
th
coth
Arc sinh
sine
)(
cosine
tanh
Kronecher delta
Tensor
Arc cosh
T ij T jki
T jki
i j k
= Sn
Hyperbolic
Arc hyperbolic
i = 1, 2 T ij = T 1 j + T 2 j
13
1 + 2 + 3 + + n
Sequence
Sn
Logarithm
Log ab
Natural
ln
logarithm
102 = 100
a n
) P ( A B A B
a power n
an
Probability
x =0+
f
x
Function
)) g (x ) f ( g (x
1, x > 0
= sgn x
0, x = 0
1, x < 0
Rounded down
Rounded up
F F F
+ +
x y z
= divF = F
z
Fz
y
Fy
x
Fx
sign function
sgn x
F F F
i+
j+ k
x y
z
Composition
Tend to
= gradF = F
14
Gradient
grad
Divergence
div
Rotation
curl
= curlF = F
.
.
2008
www.jalalalhajabed.com
: "! # $
jalal.alhajabed@hotmail.com
jalal.alhajabed@yahoo.com