Professional Documents
Culture Documents
InJulyof1776,oneofthemostimportantdocumentsinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates
waswritten,helpingAmericaearnitsfreedomfromBritainandpavingthewayforanew
country.InTheDeclarationofIndependence,writerThomasJeffersonmadeastrongcase
usinglogical,emotional,andcredentialappealfortheoriginalthirteencoloniesbystatingthe
freedomsthecoloniesdeservedandhowdeterminedtheyweretogetthesefreedoms,nomatter
thecost.InthisbreakuplettertotheKing,healsogaveevidencecallingtheKingoutonhis
remorselesstreatmentofthecolonies.
Thefirstmainappealtheyusedthroughoutthepetitionwaslogicalappeal.Amainpartof
thisisthewaytheDeclarationisordered.Itisopenedwithanintroduction,andsomewhatofan
explanationastowhytheyarewritingwhattheyrewriting.Thedocumentuseslogosto
effectivelyshowthemainpointstheauthorswantedtoportraytotheBritishgovernmentto
showthemistreatmentandtoofferawaytofixitbygrantingthemfreedom.Anotherwaythey
uselogostoconvincetheKingisbyconvincinghimthattherearecertainrightsthatweregiven
tothepeoplebytheirCreator,somethingboththeKingandcoloniesrespected.Thewaythey
wordtheirrequestsmakeitseemasthoughtheCreatoristheonesayingthattheyneedtohave
thefreedom,notthepeopleaskingforit.TheyusestatementslikeNaturesGodentitlesthem
andTheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienablerightstohelpprovethatthey
werebornwithrights,andthoserightsarebeingtakenfromthem.Thelogicalappealbehindthe
writinghelpsthecoloniesconvincetheKingthatthereisareasonbeyondsomeonesemotions
tograntthepeoplefreedom.
ThesecondappealusedintheDeclarationisanemotionalappeal.Amajorityofthe
emotionalappealisusedwhenexplainingwhythecoloniesbelievetheydeservefreedom.They
usedstatementssayingthathumanrightsincludinglife,liberty,andthepursuitofhappinesshad
beendestructed,orthat
thehistoryofthepresentKingofGreatBritainisahistoryofrepeated
injuriesandusurpations.ThesestatementscalledtheKingoutonhisinhumanetreatment.They
alsousedcertainwordstofurtherdescribethetreatment.Theyusedwordsincludingabuses,
usurpationsandinjuriestogivemoreperspectiveonthecruelty.Statementssuchasevilsare
sufferableindicatedthattheyhadbeensurvivingwiththeevilsbutwerenowtiredofit.The
useofwordswhentryingtocreateanemotionalappealisimportantbecauseitcanhelpbetter
describewhatthevictimsfeltbeforeachangewasmade.Withouttheemotionalappeal,theKing
mayhavenevergrantedfreedomtothecolonies.
ThelastappealusedintheDeclarationofIndependenceisacredentialappeal.
Throughouttheletter,thecharacteroftheKingisdescribed.Itisntalwaysobviousbutwhen
talkingabouttheinjusticesandhowtheyaremistreated,theyarestatinghowtheKinghimselfis
treatingthemthisway.Howheistheonesubjectingthemtotheinjusticesandhowheis
responsibleforthesufferingcausedbyit.Theyareindirectlycallinghimout,andwhenreading
this,theKingwouldveknownitwasmeantforhim.Thecredentialappealhelpsthewriters
criticizethecharacterofthepersoninthewrong.
ManytechniqueswereusedthroughouttheDeclarationofIndependencetoeffectively
communicatethatthecolonieswantedtobefreefromthewrathofBritainandthattheywere
determinedtobreakawayandcreatetheirownfairgovernment.
InTheDeclarationof
Independence,writerBenjaminFranklinmadeastrongcaseusinglogical,emotional,and
credentialappealfortheoriginalthirteencoloniesbystatingthefreedomsthecoloniesdeserved
andhowdeterminedtheyweretogetthesefreedoms,nomatterthecost.Thesepersuasive
techniquescontributedtothefinalseparationofBritainandtheoriginalthirteencolonies.