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Rise of Capitalism, Transaction Publishers, 1926-1998, , , , .,
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2.
3.
4.

, , , , 2000.
Joseph Wheless, Forgery in Christianity, Kessinger Publishing.
Robert Taylor, Rev., The Diegesis, Kessinger Publishing, or Health
Research.
Christopher Bush Coleman, Ph. D., Constantine the Great and Christianity,
Columbia University Press 1914.

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. +309-310.
2. . . . . ,
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43

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Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA, 2009
44


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:
1. s 16 : 4 (5-
20- .
, . , ), 4 , , , 4
(Douay Rheims, Jerusalem, The Catholic Study Bible, Vulgata), 6
(Authorized King James Version, Darby, New American
Standard Version, New International Version, New Revised Standard Version,
Revised Standard Version), 2 , ( , New World Translation), 2 ( ,
).
2. , The Septuagint with Apocrypha, [ () ], Brenton.

45

3. Novum Testamentum Graece, cum apparatu critico curatit, D. Eberhard Nestle


novis curis elaboravit, D. Erwin Nestle adiuvante, D. Kurt Aland Theol. prof. ord.
publ., 22 Auflage, 1956, Stuttgart, NS 2541.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. 3 : (1) esorah Tanach, The Orthodox Hebrew-English
Stone Edition, The ArtScroll Series, Published by Mesorah Publications, ltd. (2)
Tanach, Jerusalem Bible English Edition (less accurate than the one before). (3)
The Holy Scriptures According to Masoretic Text, A New Translation, The Jewish
Publication Society of America, 1917.
9. (o- ).
10. (J. -P. Migne, Loeb Classical Library Greek-English , TLG
diskette, .).
11. , : 5 , , 22 , , .
:
, .


.
12. , Loeb Classical Library (Greek English), TLG diskette.
13. , Loeb Classical Library (Greek English), TLG
diskette.
14. , Loeb Classical Library (Greek
English).
15. , Loeb Classical Library (Greek English),
Whiston, Kregel Publications.
16. .

:
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Acharya S, Christ in Egypt, The Horus-Jesus Connection, Stellar House


Publishing, 2008.
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Acharya S, The Christ Conspiracy, the Greatest Story Ever Sold, AUP,
1999.
Acharya S, The Companion Guide to Zeitgeist, Stellar House Publishing,
2008.
Donald Harman Akenson, Surpassing Wonder, The Invention of the Bible
and the Talmuds, Harcout Brace & Company, 1998.
46

10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.

Ben Edward Akerley, The X-Rated Bible, Feral House 1985-1998.


John M. Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Christian Myth, Second
Revised Edition, Prometheus Books, 1979-1992.
Robert Ambelain, Jesus ou le Mortel Secret des Templiers, Laffont, 1970.
Robert Ambelain, La Vie Secrete de Saint Paul, Laffont, 1971.
Robert Ambelain, Les Lourds Secrets du Golgotha, Laffont, 1974.
( Robert Ambelain
,
, 2002-2003.).
Robert Ambelain, Le Secret d Israel, Laffont, 1995.
Carl Anderson, The Astrology of the Old Testament or the Lost World
Regained (1892), Kessinger Publishing Company.
Richard Andrews & Paul Schellenberger, The Tomb of God, Little Brown &
Company, 1996.
Herbert W. Armstrong, The United States and Britain in Prophecy,
Worldwide Church of God, 1967-1980.
Karen Armstrong, Islam, A Short History, A Modern Library Chronicles
Book, 2000.
William F. Arndt & F. Wilbur Gingrich, A Greek-English Lexicon of the
New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, The University of
Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, & Cambridge at the University Press, 1957.
Steven Ashe, The Qabalah, The Testament of Solomon, Glastonbury Books
Edition, 2006.
Isaac Asimov, Asimovs Guide to the Bible, (two volumes in one), Wings
Books, 1920-1969.
Hector Avalos, The End of Biblical Studies, Prometheus Books, 2007.
Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, The Dead Sea Scrolls Deception,
Touchstone Books, 1991.
Michael Baigent, Richard Leigh, The Inquisition, Penguin Books, 2000.
J. P. V. D. Balsdon, Roman Women, Their History and Habits, Publisher:
The Bodley Head, London 1962, and M. I. E. T., 1984.
Malcolm Barber, The Trial of the Templars, The Folio Society, London
2003.
Anne Baring, Jules Cashford, The Myth of the Goddess: Evolution of an
Image, Forword by Laurens Van Der Post, Peguin, 1991-1993.
Dan Barker, Losing Faith in Faith, From Preacher to Atheist, FFRF Inc.,
2003.
Eli Barnavi, A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People, From the Time of the
Patriarchs to the Present, Schocken Books, New York, 1992.
Anthony A. Barrett, Livia, First Lady of Imperial Rome, Yale University
Press, 2002.
Walter George Bell, The Great Plague in London, The Folio Society, London
2001.
Hayyim Ben Yehoshua, Refuting the Missionaries, (Important Research
Article on Website).
Dr. Don Bierle, Surprised by Faith, Emerald Books, 1992.
Marcus Borg (Editor), Thomas Moore (introduction), The Lost Gospel Q:
The Original Sayings of Jesus, Ulysses Press, Seastone, March 15, 1999.
Gary Bretton-Granatoor, A Jewish Response to Cults, UAHC Press, 1997.
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494. , , 1962
- 1964.
495. , , .
496. , , ,
,
.
67

497. , , , .
498. , , , , T 9 10, 1956-1957.

DVDs:
499.
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.
520.
521.

A Brief History of Disbelief


Apocalypse
Archaeology Mysteries of the Holy Land
Christianity, The First Thousand Years
Christianity, The Second Thousand Years
Egypts Golden Empire
Sigmund Freud and Lewis Clark
From Jesus to Christ
Galileo Galilei
History of Disbelief
Inside the Vatican
Jesus
Lives of Jesus
Monkey Trial
Peter and Paul
Pharaohs and Kings, A Biblical Quest
Religulous
Secrets of the Pharaohs
The Forbidden Goddess
The Kingdom of David, The Saga of the Israelites
The Riddle of the Dead Sea Scrolls
Who Wrote the Bible
Zeitgeist

68





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( = , ) , ,
. . , , ,
, , ! . :
1. Gerald Friedlander, The Jewish Sources Of The Sermon On The Mount,
Kessinger Publishing.
2. Hyman E. Goldin, The Case of the Nazarene Reopened, The Lawbook
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3. Randel Helms, Gospel Fictions, Prometheus Books, 1989.
114

4. Harold Leidner, The Fabrication of the Christ Myth, Survey Books, 1999.
5. Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus, Introduction by
James M. Robinson, Collier Books, 1968.
6. Joseph Wheless, Forgery in Christianity, Kessinger Publishing.
7. Joseph Wheless, Is it Gods Word?, Kessinger Publishing.
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XVIII, 63-64 .
,
175-177,
.
, ,
, , . , , vi, .
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REFUTING MISSIONARIES


Hayyim ben Yehoshua

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.
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( ) .
Frank R. Zindler, The Jesus The Jews Never Knew,
: Sepher Toldoth Yeshu and the Quest of the Historical Jesus
In Jewish Sources, ( , +
),

.
ben Yehoshua. ,
.
.
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(, , , , , , ) ,
( 5: Robert M. Price, The Da Vinci Fraud, Why The
Truth is Stranger Than Fiction, Prometheus Books, 2005.).
Hayyim ben Yehoshua

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. . ., .
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, !
... :
1. Carl Anderson, The Astrology of the Old Testament or the Lost World
Regained (1892), Kessinger Publishing Company.
2. Steven Ashe, The Qabalah, The Testament of Solomon, Glastonbury Books,
2006.
3. Alvar Ellegard, Jesus, One Hundred Years before Christ, The Overlook Press,
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125

4. Gerald Friedlander, The Jewish Sources of the Sermon on the Mount,


Kessinger Publishing.
5. Francis Legge, Forerunners and Rivals of Christianity from 330BC to 330 AD,
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6. G. R. S. Mead, Did Jesus Live 100 B.C.?, Kessinger Publishing.
7. Todd E. Klutz, Testament of Solomon (, TLG).
8. Todd E. Klutz, Rewriting the Testament of Solomon, Library of Second
Temple Studies, 53, T & T Clarc, 2005.]
.
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PART 2: THE LACK OF HISTORICAL EVIDENCE FOR JESUS


2 :


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. . . 2: 22-23, 5: 26, 4: 12-13, 19: 1, . : Robert Taylor, Rev., The Diegesis, Kessinger
Publishing, or Health Research, 114-136, Joseph Wheless, () Forgery in
Christianity, () Is it Gods Word?, Kessinger Publishing.]
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:
1. Gerald Friedlander, The Jewish Sources Of The Sermon On The Mount,
Kessinger Publishing.
2. Hyman E. Goldin, The Case of the Nazarene Reopened, The Lawbook
Exchange Ltd., 1948-2003.
3. Randel Helms, Gospel Fictions, Prometheus Books, 1989.
4. Harold Leidner, The Fabrication of the Christ Myth, Survey Books, 1999.
5. Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus, Introduction by James
M. Robinson, Collier Books, 1968.
6. Joseph Wheless, Forgery in Christianity, Kessinger Publishing.
7. Joseph Wheless, Is it Gods Word?, Kessinger Publishing.]

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5)

6)

7)

J. Allegro, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Christian Myth, Prometheus Books,
reprinted 1991. (
.).
J. Campbell, Occidental Mythology, Penguin Books, reprinted 1985. ( .
.).
E. D. Cohen, The Mind of the Bible-Believer, Prometheus Books, reprinted
1991. (
.).
R. Helms, Gospel Fictions, Prometheus Books, reprinted 1991. (

.).
S. Levine, You Take Jesus and I ll ake God: How to Refute Christian
Missionaries, revised edition, Hamoroh Press, Los Angeles, 1980. (
[= ] .).
J. M. Robertson, A Short History of Christianity, 2 nd Ed., Watts & Co., London
1913. ( .
.).
The Talmud. ( .).
[ , , , , .
,
!].

167

LITTLE BLUE BOOKS NO. 1332


Edited by E. Haldeman-Julius

Debunking the Laws


of Moses
The Laws of the Lord by the Hand
of Moses
Joseph Wheless

HALDEMAN-JULIUS PUBLICATIONS, 1929


GIRARD, KANSAS

168



,
.

Joseph Wheless, . Wheless Nashville Tennessee
1889 1950. , , , ,
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1. Debunking the Laws of Moses, 1929. .
2. The Church founded on Lies and Forgeries, 1931. ( .)
3. Is it Gods Word?, 1925. ( ;)
4. Forgery in Christianity, 1930. ( .)
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4. The X-Rated Bible ( , ), , Ben Edward Akerley. Feral House
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3. : The Authorized King James Version, The Revised King James
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9 .
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( Joseph Wheless .).
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Tennessee
Charles Darwin . - John Thomas
Scopes, football Dayton. Scopes
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(1) The Three Pillars Of The Christian Faith: The Miracles, Prophesies, And
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, . , .
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334


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, , The Strongest Strongs Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, 21st century edition, . : , , , ( ).
The uthorized King James Version of the Bible George A. Wells
The Jesus Myth ( ), 89-91 271-272.

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o o;) o o o Joseph Wheless, o ooo
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379

o o, o o o.
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o o o o o (1+1=2
3.5). , Joseph Wheless, o o o o Bertrand Russell o o What I Beliee ( ) o . o o o o Why I am not a Christian (
). o oo o oo ooo o o o.
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380

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381

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o : 1, : 13-14, o : 5).
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23, o : 6, o : 13, .).
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15, 10: 27, , .)
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o o (: 1-7-19, 26-27, :
3-9-21, : 9-14-20) o o ( : 13-24,
)
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: 1, 17, : 4, : 1-7 ; ;
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382

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25-29, : 27, : 32, : 16, 30.
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385

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Myth of the Historical Jesus, Refuting Missionaries ( o o Ioo Io,
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42, 46, : 1, : 1-5, 10, 17, : 4, 7-8, 19, : 8, 19, : 20-21, :
15, ,
).



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388

(1) o: , o
, : 39, o : 16-17, : 20-24, 27-28, 30, :
4-5, 16, : 1-5, : 9-10, 13 : 6, : 16, : 2, 5-14,
o : 8-9, o : 10, : 12, :
16, : 9-10, : 15, : 5. Io: , : 14-26, : 21, 26, : 49-50,
: 16-21, : 30-31, : 3, : 31-46 : 46, 49, : 28.

: 13, : 1.
(2) : 19-21, : 22, : 22-24, : 19, : 23-25, : 53, :
20-25, : 14, : 16-21, : 19-31, : 23-25,
: 7-10, Io : 2-7, : 1-6
: 17-18, ( ) o o.
(3) o o o, o : 2-3,
oo : 10-16, 39, o o
, o : 31-32, : 1-12, o : 1-12
o : 18.
(4) o o Io : 19-20 o
o : 10.
o o o oo , o o o o.
4000 , 3000 , , . , , , ,
, . ,
.
. : 33
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( )
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1) , , : ( : 39,
o : 16-17, : 20-24, 27-28, 30, : 1-7, 16, : 1-5, : 6, : 16, : 2, 6-14, o : 8-9, : 16,
: 15, : 5) <=> ( o : 13, : 1, Io : 14-26, : 21, : 49-50, : 16-21, : 30-31, : 3,
: 31-46, : 46, 49, : 28)
2) , : ( : 39, o : 17, :
20-21, 27-28, : 1-7, : 1-6, : 4-5, : 6, : 16, 21, : 6-14,
25, : 13, o : 8-9, 15,
: 2-3, : 14-16, : 16) <=>( : 14,
o : 13, : 1, 12, : 31, : 17-19, : 17,
: 10, : 46, : 13, : 8-11
. : 7-10.)
389

3) : 4-8 <=> : 19
4) ( : 18, : 20) <=> : 17-18
5) : 19-20 <=> ( : 17-19, )
6) : 23-25 <=> : 32-33
7) ( : 20, ) <=> oo : 15-17
8) : 3 <=> : 2
9) : 5 <=> oo : 25
10) : 10 <=> : 31 (2 <=> 3 )
11) : 6 <=> : 7
12) : 8 <=> : 16
13) : 3-4 <=> : 1-5
14) : 1 <=> : 13
15) ( : 2-3, : 13-16, : 20,
: 14, : 19-23) <=> ( : 14, 1721, : 39, 44, : 27-28, 35)
16) : 23 <=> ( o Io, o : 18-26, o :
22-43, o : 38-46, o : 52-53, , o :
11-17, o, I : 1-44, o, : 8-24, o, :
8-37,
: 21)
17) : 10 <=> : 22
18) ( : 28, o : 16, o : 17, o : 23) <=> o : 5-6, : 24
19) ( o : 3-4, o : 8) <=> (o : 18, 20,
: 34-35)
20) o : 12 <=> ( : 7, : 28)
21) o : 11 <=> ( : 11-13, : 2,
: 25, : 5)
22) o : 6 <=> : 13
23) o : 10 <=> : 9
24) o : 1-3 <=> : 21-22
25) ( o : 2-3, oo : 10-16, 39) <=> (o
: 31-32, : 1-12, o : 1-12, o : 18)
26) ( o : 6, : 15) <=> : 17-19
27) o : 7-25,
28) o : 32 <=> o : 14
29) o : 13-15 <=> oo : 1-13 (
)
30) o : 13-16 <=> (o : 44-45, o : 27-29)
31) ( o : 22, 27 ) <=> o : 4
32) o : 6 <=> ( oo : 1-5,
: 16)
33) o : 13 <=> : 4
34) o : 5<=> : 11
35) o : 25-26 <=> : 14-16
36) o : 26-27 <=> : 46-48
37) : 17, 19, : 4, 10 <=> : 4
390

38) ( o : 1-7, o : 1-2, o : 1, : 13-17) <=> ( oo : 27, : 1-11)


39) o : 14 <=> (o : 14-23, o)
40) ( o : 1-2, : 1-2) <=> o :
17 ( ), : 8, : 1-3,
: 6, 14 ( ...oo ...)
41) ( o : 15, 33, : 20, oo : 33) <=>
( : 3, : 15, : 34-36, : 49, 51-52)
42) ( o : 1, : 28 .) <=> ( oo
: 34-35, : 12 .)
43) oo : 17 <=> : 8
44) oo : 6-8 <=> o : 14-16
45) oo : 1-8, 29, 32-35, 40 <=> : 4
46) oo : 1, 8, 25-40 <=> ( o : 15, : 2, 12,
o : 5-6, : 4)
47) ( : 6, 12, 25, : 17) <=>
o : 16
48) ( oo : 19, : 21-31, : 1-12, : 15) <=>
( o)
49) ( oo : 32, o : 4) <=> ( o
: 2, 12, o : 5-6, : 4)
50) oo : 35 <=> : 10
51) oo : 14 <=> 6: 5
52) oo : 3-5 <=> : 11-12
53) oo : 5-7 <=> ( 11 12, , o Io , o : 16-20, o : 9-14,
o : 13-19, I , )
54) ( oo : 35-58, : 13-18) <=> , ( )
55) ( oo : 36, : 1, 3) <=> o : 22
56) oo , , : 8-10
57) oo : 1-5 <=> ( : 20, I : 18, : 13, :
37, o : 6, 6: 16, : 12)
58) oo : 8-9 <=> (o : 7-11, : 22, o : 913, : 22, : 13, : 7, 16)
59) <=> : 1-35
60) : 2 <=> : 10-12
61) o : 26 <=> ( : 9, : 24,
: 20)
62) o : 2, 25 <=> o : 21
63) o : 13 <=> ( o : 13-14, o
: 10-11)
64) ( o : 4, : 18) <=> : 13
65) ( o : 11-12, : 23, : 9) <=>
( : 18, : 13)
66) o : 6 <=> : 21-22
67) o : 15 <=> o : 10-11
68) o : 8 <=> o : 18
391

69) o : 25-26 <=> o : 9-10


70) o : 9-10 <=> Io : 19-20
71) o <=> ( : 19-21, : 22, : 22-24, : 19,
: 23-25, : 53, : 24, : 14, : 16-21, : 19-31, : 23-25,
: 7-10, Io : 2-7, : 1- 6, : 17-18)
72) : 6-7 <=> ( : 17-19, : 7 8)
73) : 4 <=> : 5
74) : 27 <=> : 14-23, : 19
75) : 6 <=> ( : 21, : 13)
oo ,
o o o
o o. o o
oo oo.
.
1)
2)
3)
4)

: 7 <=> : 19 <=> : 14
( : 3-19, : 5-21, : 12-16) <=> : 15-24
: 4 <=> : 17-20
: 26 <=> (
!)
5) : 3 <=> : 3 ( o : 34-40 : 34)
6) : 29 ( o o I o o) <=>
(o : 57-60, o : 42-46, o : 50-53, I : 3839)
7) : 46-48 <=> o : 26-27
8) : 4-29 <=> : 1-17
9) : 34 <=> : 40
10) ( : 3, : 3) <=> ( : 23-25, : 1-12.
, ;)
11) : 3 <=> : 8-9
12) : 8 <=> : 17
13) : 8, : 16 <=> oo : 17
14) : 18 <=> : 19
15) : 2-3 <=> (I : 31-43. o oo o
o o oo o o;)
16) : 18 <=> o : 15
17) : 11 <=> : 31-36
18) : 17-24 <=> : 22-35
19) : 3-5 <=> ( : 3. o
, o o
: 1-2 .)
20) ( : 30-31, o : 11-13) <=> o : 20
21) o : 4-5 <=> : 11-12
22) o : 10 <=> : 11, : 13
23) o : 6-33 <=> oo : 1-13
24) o : 20 <=>
392

25) ( oo : 13, : 27 ) <=> oo


: 16-17
26) oo : 32 <=> : 12
27) oo : 11 <=> (o : 3, : 14, o : 36-37,
o : 48, : 17, o : 1-3)
28) oo : 3 <=> : 11-12
29) oo : 50 <=> ( )
30) ( oo : 51-53, : 15-17) <=>
: 11-15
31) oo : 10 <=> : 31
32) oo : 5, 23 <=> ( o : 7, o
: 1-3 o)
33) oo : 14-15 <=> : 23-27
34) ( : 19, : 6-7) <=> (o, o, o o)
35) ( : 6, : 30) <=> ( : 36,
: 28)
36) o : 16 <=> : 10
37) o : 8 <=> 6: 5-6
38) o : 11 <=> (o : 19, o : 15, o
11 o)
39) ( o : 12, o : 6, 8) <=> : 28-30
40) o : 26-31 <=> ( : 17-21, oo,
)
41) o : 8 <=> ( o )
: )
. )
. ) Joseph Wheless
.
, ,
, .


o o o o oo
o:
o : 12-21, : 13-17, oo : 12-15, 24, : 15, 7, : 2, : 6, : 12-20, 44-51, oo : 5-11, : 1, 4, 1820, o : 10, : 9-11, : 12, o : 15-20, : 3,
o : 6-11, o : 16, o :
9-10, o : 2-3, , ( o o 7), , .

393

. 2 ,
, .
: 1-5, 13-14, 18, . .,
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o o oo.
oo : 2, !
o o o o, o o ( : 19). o o oo
o oo o o o o
o (. . : 25, 27, : 19-20, o oo .). o
o o o , , .




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394

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459

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, .
!

Marcus Eli Ravage :
n the ssence of Christianity {= }. Part :
The Century Magazine, January 1928, Volume 115, Number 3 pages 346-350. Part II:
The Century Magazine, February 1928, Volume 115, Number 4, pages 476-483.



.).


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Kessinger Publishing.
Hyman E. Goldin, The Case of the Nazarene Reopened, The Lawbook
Exchange Ltd., 1948-2003.
Randel Helms, Gospel Fictions, Prometheus Books, 1989.
Harold Leidner, The Fabrication of the Christ Myth, Survey Books, 1999.
Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the Historical Jesus, Introduction by
James M. Robinson, Collier Books, 1968.
Joseph Wheless, Forgery in Christianity, Kessinger Publishing.
Joseph Wheless, Is it Gods Word?, Kessinger Publishing.
Hayyim Ben Yehoshuah, Refuting the Missionaries.
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9.
10.
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18.
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22.
23.
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51.
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54.
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56.
57.
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59.
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61.
62.
63.
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576

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2. (J. P. Migne, Loeb Classical Library Greek-English , TLG,


.).
3. , , .
4. , , ,
, 2000.
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, 1975.
6. , ,
, 2002.
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. .
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, 1981.
11. , , . ,
. .
12. ,
, , 2004.
13. ., . , , , 1998.
14. , , ,
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15. Acharya S, The Christ Conspiracy, the Greatest Story Ever Sold, AUP, 1999.
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22. Kathy Rudy, Sex and the Church, Beacon Press, 1997.
23. Bertrand Russell, On Ethics, Sex, and Marriage, edited by Al Seckel,
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24. Bertrand Russell, Why I am not a Christian, Touchstone Book, 1957.
650

25. Andrew D. White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in


Christendom, 2 volumes, Great Mind Series Prometheus Books 1896-1993.

651



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:
.
1. On the Stationary Charged Spherical Source. Progress in Physics. Volume 2,
April 2009, pp. 66 71.
2. Gravitation and Electricity. Progress in Physics, Volume 2, April 2008, pp. 91
96.
767

3. On the Gravitational Field of a Pulsating Source. Progress in Physics, Volume


4, October 2007, pp. 3 8.
4. On the Propagation of Gravitation from a Pulsating Source. Progress in
Physics, Volume 2, April 2007, pp. 75 82.
5. Non Euclidean Geometry and Gravitation. Progress in Physics, Volume 2,
April 2006, pp. 68 75.
6. On a paper by J. Smoller and B. Temple. Annales de la Fondation Louis de
Broglie, Volume 27 no 3, 2002, pp. 511 521.
7. Matire cache et relatitit gnrale. Annales de la Fondation Louis de
Broglie, Volume 26, no spcial, 2001, pp. 411 427.
8. Vrit scientifique et trous noirs (Quatrime partie). Determination de
mtriques (4) invariantes. Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie,
Volume 26, no 4, 2001, pp. 743 764.
9. Vrit scientifique et trous noirs (Troisime partie). quations de gravitation
relatives une mtrique (4) invariante. Annales de la Fondation Louis de
Broglie, Volume 26, no 4, 2001, pp. 605 631.
10. Vrit scientifique et trous noirs (deuxmime partie). Symtries relatives au
groupe des rotations. Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 25, no
2, 2000, pp. 223 266.
11. Vrit scientifique et trous noirs (premime partie). Les abus du formalisme.
Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 24, no 1, 1999, pp. 67
109.
12. On the principles of general relativity and the S(4) invariant metrics.
Proceedings of the 3rd Panhellenic Congress of Geometry, Athens Greece
1997, pp. 169 182.
13. Sur la function de propagation des branlements gravitationnels. Annales de la
Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 20, no 1, 1995, pp. 1 - 31.
14. Particules et particules test en relativit gnrale. Annales de la Fondation
Louis de Broglie, Volume 16, no 2, 1991, pp. 129 175.
15. Sur quelques points de la theorie gravitationnelle d Einstein. Tir part de
Sinsularit, Lyon, France, Vol. 2, no 7, Aout Septembre 1991 / 2461 pp. 4 20.
16. Solitons et propagation d actions suivat la relativit gnrale. (Deuxime
partie). Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 13, no 1, 1988, pp.
7 42.
768

17. Solitons et propagation d actions suivat la relativit gnrale. (Premime


partie). Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 12, no 4, 1987, pp.
443 473.
18. Mathmatiques et trous noirs. Gazette des mathematiciens, no 31 Juillet
1986, pp. 119 132.
19. Paramtres cachs dans les potentials des champs statiques. Annales de la
Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 6, no 4, 1981, pp. 287 327.
20. A Statical smooth extension of Schwarzschilds metric. Lettere al Nuono
Cimento, Vol 11, no 8, 26 October 1974, pp. 427 -430.
21. More articles by professor emeritus Dr. Nikias Stavroulakis are submitted for
publication and or in the making, 2009.



1)

.
2) Les trous noirs dans l obscurit, Le Monde, 12-8-1987. (
Le Monde.)
3) La cosmologie: mythe ou science?. La Recherche, Volume 7, No 69, Juillet
-Aout 1976, pp. 610 616. Nobel
: Hannes Alfvn.

,
Birkhoff

.
.

. 769

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{Testimonia 1319.001, 1, 8}
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. Einstein , .
G. H. J. . Lemaitre (, 1894-1966)
, 1927, (
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(1888-1925) 1922, W. de Sitter (1872-1934) 1932,
.]. Lemaitre , ,
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am not a Christian, :
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Casimir (Casimir Effect, Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir, 1909-2000), .
. ., 3 (, 27 )
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, , , Einstein Podolsky Rosen (EPR paradox or Einstein Podolsky Rosen
paradox),
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James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879),
;
775


Casimir
1. Peter Miloni: "The Quantum Vacuum" (Acad. Press, 1993).
. Casimir
. ( , - ,

. , ,
M. De l Hospital .).
2.
H. B. G. Casimir, and D. Polder, "The Influence of Retardation on the London
- van der Waals Forces", Phys. Rev. 73, 360-372 (1948).
3. H. B. G. Casimir, "On the attraction between two perfectly conducting plates",
Proc. Kon. Nederland. Akad. Wetensch. B51, 793 (1948).

Casimir.
4. http: //physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/9747 :
Casimir,
.

776

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