45 NOTES TO PG

Dr. Ankit Yadavendra, M.B.B.S., Dr.V.M.G.M.C., Solapur

01-GENERAL ANATOMY
Name-structure
a of Adamkiewicz(arteria radicularis magna)-br of lower post IC a, supplying ant
spinal a
a of epiStaxiS-Sphenopalatine a
Albinus m/pleuralis-scalenus minimus
Alderman/Arnold n-auricular br of CNX
arteria princips pollicis-rad a
atlas-C1 vert
AuerbaCh/myenteriC plexus-outer plex GIT b/n longitudinal & circular m layer
axis-C2 vert
Bartholin/Rivinus duct-sublingual duct
n of Bell/long thoracic n-n to serrat ant
column of Bertini-cortex b/n medulla kidn
Bigelow lig-ileofem lig
Blaschko line-line of developm
boxer m-serratus ant
space of Boyer-preepiglottic space
Buck fascia-deep fascia penis
Chaissagnac/carotid tubercle-ant tubercle transv proc C6 vert
Charcot a-lenticulostriate a
climber m-lat dorsi
COiTeR m-COrrugaToR supercilli
cowl/shawl m-trapezius
dental n-inf alveolar n
eye nger-index nger
eye of hand/labourer n-med n
forgotten m of rotat cuff-subscapularis
Frankfurt plane-horiz plane fr infraorbit margin upper marg EAC
Gantzer m-FPL
Gerota fascia-renal fascia
criminal n of Grassi-br of rt post CNX
graveyard of ulnar n-adduct pollicis
grinding m-risorius
Gruber lig-petrosphenoidal lig
Guthrie/Wilson m-sphincter urethrae
guy ropes/pes anserinus-sarTorius, semiTendinosus, gracilis
Hartman pouch-GB pouch

ganglion of Hay fever-pterygo/sphenopalatine ganglion

spiral valve Heister-cystic duct valve
herring bone pattern-intrins m tongue
n of Jakobson-tympanic br of CNIX
key m
gluteal region-pyriformis
infratemp fossa-lat pterygoid
oral reg-hyoglossus
Korner septum-petrosquamous suture
n of Kuntz-grey ramus spring fr T2 T1 ganglion
n of Latarjet-br of ant gastric n br of CNX supplying pylorus
laughing/smiling m-zygomaticus maj
Lister tubercle-radial tubercle
locking m-quadriceps
Lockwood lig-orbit
Luschke tonsil-adenoid
blind spot of Mariotte-optic disc
Meckel cave/cavum trigeminale-CNV/Gasserian/semilunar ganglion cave
MeiSSner plexus-SubMucoSal plex GIT
mesenter of tend nger-vincula longus & brevis
caterpillar turn/Moynihans hump-tortuous rt hepatic a
musician n-ulnar n
nervi hesitans-deep peron n/ant tibial n (hesitat to cross ant tib a)
nervus FeRcaLis-L4(FouR)
Passavant ridge-sup constrictor + PalatoPharyngeus
Pecquet duct-thoracic duct
peripheral heart-soleus, pterygoid
rapist m-gracilis
Reid base line-horizont line fr infraorbit margin centre of EAC(auricular pt)
rider m-thigh adductor
safety m of tongue-genioglossus
Santorini cartilage-corniculate cartilage
Santorini duct-acceSS pancr duct
scalene tubercle-1st rib
Shrapnell memb-pars flaccida
stabilizing bone forearm-ulna
Stenson duct-parotid duct
Struther lig-3rd head coracobrachialis
surgeon n-axillary n
tailor/honeymoon m-sartorius
Tenon sheath-eyeball sheath
Thelle m-superf transv perinei
TOYNbee m-TensOr TYmpaNi

unlocking m-popliteus
Vidian n/n of pterygoid canal/n of Wrisberg-greater petrosal n unite with deep
petrosal n
von Ebner gld-tongue
wandering/vagabond n-CNX
watershed line-pectinate line anal canal
Whartons duct-submandibular duct
Wirsung duct-main pancr duct
Wrisberg cartilage-cuneiform cart
Woodruff area-post part lat wall nose
root value-m
C5-deltoid, biceps jerk
C5,6-inverse supinator jerk
C6-wrist extensor, supinator jerk
C7-triceps jerk
C8-nger flexor
T1-nger abductor
T12-pyramidalis
L1,2-hip flexor(iliopsoas)
L3,4-knee extens(quadriceps), knee jerk
L4-ankle dorsiflexors(tibialis ant)
L5-EHL
L5,S1-planter reflex
S1-ankle planter flexor(gastrosoleus)
S1,2-ankle jerk
cremasteric
aff-fem br genitofem n
eff-genital br genitofem n
m-n supply
supraspinatus, infraspinatus-suprascapular n(C5,6)
subscapularis-up&low subscapular n (C5,6)
teres maj-low subscapular n(C5,6)
teres minor, deltoid-axillary n(C5,6)
levatores costarum-dorsal prim rami of C8-T11
pyramidalis-subcostal n(T12)
sympath n supply
heart-T1-5
stomach-T5-9 preganglionic

m
total no.=434
largest motor unit-glut maximus
smallest motor unit-EOM
longest-sartorius
Smallest-Stapedius
most variable-palmaris longus
longest tendon-plantaris
hybrid m
add magnus-med(obturat n), lat(fem n)
brachialis-radial n & musculocut n
digastric-ant belly(myelohyoid br of inf alveol n br of post div CNV2), post
belly(CNVII)
FDP-lat(ant interosseus n) & med(uln n)
FPB-superf(med n), deep head(uln n)
omohyoid-sup belly(sup ramus ansa cervicalis C1), inf bell(ansa cervic C1,2,3)
pectineus-med(obturat n), lat(fem n)
pector major-med&lat pect n
struct-pierced by n
coracobrachialis-musculocutaneous n
flexor carpi ulnaris-ulnar n
pronator teres-median n
supinator-post interosseus n
inteross membr b/n radius&ulna-ant interosseous a
intracapsul m
biceps brachii long head
popliteus
m-dividing a into 3part
pect min-axill a
scalenus Ant-subclav A
lat pterygoid-maxill a
hyoglossus-lingual a
struct winding around
CNXI-lesser occipit n
submandibular duct-lingual n
inf epigas a-mal-vas def, fem-round lig of uter
ischeal spine-pudendal n, int pudend vess, n to obt intern
lat malleolus-peron brevis

med malleolus-tib post

tortuous a
facial a
splenic a
uterine a
post inf cerebellar a
valveless v
IVC,comm iliac v,portal v,cranial sinus
distal>prox
diaphragm-struct/m
cervicothoracic/SIbson fascia/suprapl eural memb-Scalenus mInimus
oral-myelohyoid
pelvic-levator ani(pubococcygeus+ iliococcygeus)+ Coccygeus(isChiococcygeus)
thoracoabdominal-diaphragm
urogenital-sphincter urethrae+deep transv perinei
n covering(inner outer)
endoneurium perineurium epineurium
neurovasc bundle(SIT)
Scal antscan med-scal post
Innermost ICint IC-ext IC
Transv abdint obliq-ext obliq
cartilage(collagenII,VI+ chondroitinSO4+ hyaluronic acid)
hyaline-MC to calcify, articular cart of most synovial jt, resp cart(nasal septum,
Cricoid, Arytenoid, Thyroid, trachea, bronchus, costal cart)
elastic-never calcify, auditor, corniculat, cuneiform, epiglottis, apex arytenoid
bro-perichondr absent, intervert disc, art disc(sternoclavicula jt, TM jt),menisc
(knee), labrum(glenoid, acetabular)
articular cart-no n, bld supply, lymph, ability to regenerate
bone-nutrient a is br of
humerus-profunda brachi a
radius,ulna-ant inteross a br of ulna a
femur-2nd perforating a br of profunda femoris a
tibia-post tibial a
bula-peroneal a

epiphysis-proliferat, hypertroph, calcic, ossicat, vasculogenesis, erosion

metaphysis-most vasc, growth activity max, hematogenous spread inf
diaphysis-strongest
epiphysis
aberrANT-greater trochANTer femur
atavistic-coracoid proc scapula, os Trig onum(Talus)
pressure-head femur, head humerus
traction-post epiphysis of calcaneum, greater& lesser trochanter femur, lesser
tubercle humerus,medial&lat epicondyl humerus, mastoid proc, olecranon, tibial
tuberosity
sesamoid bone
hand-1st metacarpal(adduc pollic,FPB)
wrist-pisiform(FCU)
knee-patella(quadriceps femoris)
foot-1st metatarsal(2 in FHB)
characteristic feature compact bone-Haversian system
vert
C-typic-3-6, atypic-1,2,7, foramen transversarium, artic process horizont, C7-Sibson
fascia attachm
struct-vert level
most Constant no.-C
vert canal widest-C2
hyoid,carotid a bifurcat-C3
larynx-C3-C6
up bord thy cart-up C4
thy cartil-C4-5
thy gld-C5-T1
CCA palpat, Erb pt, cricoid-C6
apex lung, most prom spinous proc, thy gld isthmus-C7
scapula
sup angle-T2
spine,root spine-T3
inf angle-T7
arch of aorta begin& end-T4
trach bifurcate-T4-5
thoracic duct cross fr rt lt-T5
xiphoid proc-T9
foramen of Winslow-T12

thoracic duct begin-lower T12

celiac tr-T12-L1
SMA-L1
spinal cord adult-low bord L1
pancr-L1-2
lt ren v-L2
spinal cord infant end-up bord L3
IMA, umbilicus-L3
aorta bifurcat-L4
transtubercular plane-L5
comm iliac a bifurcat-L5-S1
PSIS, subarachn space end-S2
most variabl no.-coccygeal
IVD
largest avasc struct, 33%of verteb ht
Denis 3column concept spine
ant-ant longitud lig, ant body vert, ant part annulus brosus
mid-post longitud lig, post body vert, post part annulus brosus
post-neural arch(pedicl,transv proc,lamina, spinous proc), facet jt along capsule,
interspinous lig, supraspinous lig, lig flavum
spinal cord level
circumf max-C6
lat horn-T
JOINT
most pain sensit struct jt-capsule
least pain sensit struct jt-art cartil
brous
suture-skull
syndesmosis-inf tibiob, interm RU
gomphosis-tooth in socket
cartilagenous
prim/synchondrosis/hyaline cartil-jt b/n epiphy& metaphy, sphenooccipital, 1st
chondrostern, costochondral
sec/symphyses/brocart-symphysis pubis, manubriosternal, intervert, symphysis
menti
schindylesis-sphenovomer

synovial
ball&socket/spheroid-shoulder, hip, talocalcnavicul, incudostapedial
condylar/bicondylar-knee, rt&lt jaw, MCP
ellipSOid-wriSt, atlantOOccipital
hinGe/GinGlymus-IP, elbow, ankle
pivot-sup RU, inf RU
plain-IC, IT, jt b/n art proc vert, acromclav
saddle/sellar-1st carpo(trapezio)metacarpal, sternoclavicular, incudomalleolar,
calcaneocuboid
HISTOLOGY-EPITHELIUM
simple squamous-lung alveoli, mesothelium, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum,
endocardium, endothelium, ansa nephroni(loop of Henle), outer parietal layer of
Bowman capsule
simple cuboidal-PCT, DCT, CD, duct of gld(Bartholin gld), eye, thy follicle, germinal
epith
simple columnar-stomach, SI(brush border), colon(striated border), GB(irreg
microvilli), CBD, Bartholin gld, cx canal
ciliated-uterus, FT, efferent ductule, central canal spinal cord, ventr of brain
pseudocolumnar-olfactor, resp(trachea, bronchi), auditory tube, adenoid, vas
deferens, epididymis(stercocilia), greater part of mal& fem urethra(membr&penile)
stratied squamous
keratinised-skin whole body, duct of sebaceous gld
non keratinised-mouth, tongue, tonsil, pharynx, esoph, cornea, conjunct,
vagina(parakeratinization)
stratied cuboidal-pancr, salivary gld, sweat gld
stratied columnar-part of male urethra
transitional/urothelium/vonBrun nest-renal pelvis, renal calyx, ureter, UB, part of
urethra
type-exocrine gld
simple tubular-intest gld
simple coiled tubular-sweat gld
simple br tubular-gastric gld
simple br acinar-sebaceous gld
compound tubular-Brunner gld
compound acinar-exocrine pancr
compound tubuloacinar-submand gld
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
LN
cortex-lymphocyte aggregate

GIT
up esoph-lt&rt supraclavicular
mid esoph-tracheobronchi+ paraesoph
low esoph-lesser curv stom coeliac
liver+pancr+spleen-preaortic
duodenum-hepatic+ preaortic
jejunum+ ileum+ ascend colon+ transv colon-superior mesenteric preaortic
appendix+ caecum-ileocolic
up rectum-sigmoid mesocolon
low rectum+up anal canal-internal iliac
low anal canal-supercial inguinal
genitourinary tract
mal
fundus UB+ prostate+ membr urethra-external iliac
glans penis-Cloquet/Rosenmullar deep inguinal external iliac
rest of penis,penile urethra-superf inguinal
testes-preaortic+ paraaortic
fem
ovaries-preaortic+ paraaortic
uterus fundus upper body-preaortic+ paraaortic
uterus lower body-internal iliac
uterus cornu-supercial inguinal
fallopian tube-paraaortic
vagina upper -internal iliac
vagina lower -supercial inguinal
cervix-paracervical(sentinel ca cx) obturator(MC ca cx) external iliac
labium majus,vulva-superf inguinal (sentinel) deep inguinal
glans clitoris-Cloquet/Rosenmullar deep inguinal external iliac
clitoris-superf ing
skin, fascia of LL, buttock, flank, back, ant abd wall below umbilicus, perineum, ext
genitalia-supercial inguinal
rt kidney-interaortocaval+paracaval
lt kidney-paraaortic
adrenal gld-paraaortic
tongue
tip-submental
ant-submandibular
post-jugulodigastric
palatine tonsil-jugulodigastric

cervical LN=200
IA-submental
IB-submandibular
II-upper jugular
III-middle jugular
IV-lower jugular
V-poster triangl neck
VI-upper pretracheal, ant compartm
VII-lower pretracheal
ear
pinna+EAC-preauricular, postauricular, superf cervical
TM+middl ear-preauricul, retropharyng
mastoid-postauricul, upper deep cervic
larynx
Above VC-Antsup deep cervical
below VC-postinf deep cervical
thyroid gld
upper part-upper deep cervical
lower part-lower deep cervical
nose
antsept+ antlat wall-submandibular
postsept+ postlat wall+ pharynx-retropharyngeal, deep cervical
F, M, E, med canthus eye, upper lip, ant part cheek, gum, teeth, outer part low lip,
lower gum, lower teeth except incisor, floor mouth, angle mouth,
submental-submandibular deep cervical
breast
ant axill(chief)
axillary
level I-lat to pect min-ant, post, lat
level II-post to pect min-central, interpectoral
level III-med to pect min-apical, infraclavicular
ANGLE
Q(diverg Quadriceps, patellar subluxat)
mal=14
fem=17

acetabular[b/n Hilgenreiner line(Horiz line joining 2triradiate cart)& Perkin line (vert
line through lat marg of acet)]<20
Target angle TeleTHerap Xray tube=30
Kite(talocalcaneal)=35
vag with horiz=45
orbit apex
adult=45
neonat=50
Eustach tube with horiz
adult=45
infant=55
critical angle cornea=46
b/n lat wall of orbit
adult=90
neonat=100
thyroid
mal=90
fem=120
subpubic
gynaecoid pelvis=100
Thomas splint
new=110
old=120
uterus
antefleXion(uterus&cX)=120-170
anteVersion(cx&Vag>uter&Vag)=90
Mikulicz(femur neck shaft)=127
adult=120
child=160
nasofrontal=134
AREA
stapes footplate=3.2mm
TM=90mm
olfactory=2-5cm
aorta=2.5cm
mitral valve=4-6cm
placenta exchange=12m
absorptive SI=200-500m
total capillaries=2500m
SIZE/LENGTH
intercell dist at electri synaps=2.5-3nm

glomerulus
BM pore diam=8nm
Bowman capsule ltrat slit=25-30nm
glomer capill fenestrat=70-80nm
flagella diam<20nm
Parvovirus B19=20nm
HBV
nucleocapsid=27nm
envelope(Dane particle)=42nm
Chl trachomatis
Elementary(infE) particle=250-350nm
reticulate(Dxtic) particle=1000nm
dust pneumoconiosis=0.5-3
asbestos
diam=0.5-50
lth=20-500
aerosol=2-5
Cyclospora oocyst=10
Isospora oocyst=25-40
Taenia egg=30
Ascaris egg=50-60
diatom<60
sperm=65
head=5
middle piece=5
principal piece=50
end piece=5
TM
thickn=0.1mm
diam=10mm
skin
epidermis
eyelid=0.1mm
palm,sole=1mm
dermis
eyelid,penis=0.3mm
palm,sole,back=3mm
trematode egg>0.1mm
mature ovum=0.12mm
thy gld
follicle diam=0.3mm
ht isthmus=1.5cm
lth of lobe=5-6cm

sclera
post to rectus insertion=0.3mm
equator=0.5-0.8mm
ant to rectus insertion=0.6mm
limbus=0.8mm
post pole=1mm
eye
foveola=0.35mm
corneal thickn=0.54mm
optic disc diam=1.5mm
fovea=1.85mm
depth AC=2.5mm
lens AP diam=3-4mm
lens equat diam=7-11mm
cornea diam=11mm
AP diam eye at birth=17mm
AP diam eye adult=24mm
horizontal aperture=28mm
condom thickn=0.4-0.7mm
coronary angiograph can visualis vess of diam=0.5mm
endometr thickn
D5=0.5mm
D14=3mm
secret phase=3-6mm
implantat=10-12mm
FT diam
interstit=0.7mm
isthmus=1mm
ampulla=6mm
malleus lth=1mm
mastoid wall thickn
neonat=1-2mm
adult=15mm
middle ear
mesotympanum=2mm
hypotympanum=4mm
epitympanum=6mm
parathy gld=246mm
nasal endoscope
child=2.7mm
adult=4mm
isthmus in EAC fr TM=6mm
patella thickn=8mm

pituit gld=812mm
trachea
lumen transv diam=1.2cm
extern transv diam=1.5-2cm
rt bronchus=2.5cm
lt bronchus=5cm
trachea lth=10-11cm
femoral hernia=1.25cm
uterus thickn=1.5-2.5cm
mature(Graaan) follicle=1.8-2cm
great cerebral v of Galen=2cm
uterine a cross ureter dist fr cx=2cm
Meckel diverticul=2-5cm
rima glottidis
mal=2.4cm
fem=1.6cm
EAC=(med bony)16+(lat cart)8=24mm
ischiorectal fossa
width=2.5cm
lth=5cm
depth=5-6.2cm
subcutan ts abd=3cm
kidn
AP=3cm
transv=5-7cm
vertical=10-12cm
anal canal=3-4cm
adrenal gld=3-5cm
straight cochlea=3.2cm
urethra
fem=3.5cm
mal=18-20cm
Eustach tube=(prox bony)12+(dist cart) 24=36mm
larynx fem=3.8cm
inguinal lig=4cm
optic n(50mm)
intraoptic=2mm
intraorbital=25mm
intracanalicular=10mm
intracranial=10mm
ut a ligat dist to bifurc com iliac a=5cm
iliotibial tract=5cm
submandibular duct=5cm

uterine lth
nullip=6-8cm
multip=9-10cm
vag=7-10cm
post wallant wall lth=2cm
Bile duct=8cm(BANGP)
Appendix=8cm
Nasal cavity=8cm
GB=8cm
Portal v=8cm
bone lth obtain by Ilizarov meth=10cm
FT=10(10-12)cm
intramural/interstit=2cm
isthmus=3cm
ampulla=5cm
pancr=12-15cm
root of mesentry=15cm
rectum=15cm
mesent bdth fr root intest bord=20cm
Duod=25cm(DUEDS)
1st=5cm
2nd=7.5cm
3rd=10cm
4th=2.5cm
Ureter=25cm
Esoph=25cm
dist fr central incisor
cricopharynx(C6)=15cm
crossing of arch of aorta(T4)=25cm
diaphr opening(T10)=40cm
Desc colon=25cm
Sigmoid colon=25cm
rect thermometer=25cm
umbilical cord=30-100cm(55cm)
short cord<35cm
diam=0.6-2cm
femur=45cm
sartorius=45cm
spinal cord=45cm
thoracic duct=45cm
vas deferens=45cm
T solium=2-3m
SI=5-6m

total intestine=7.5-8.5m
T saginata=10m
VOLUME
knee synovial fluid=0.7-2ml
EAC
child=1ml(<2ml)
adult=2ml(<2.5ml)
ovary
postmenopausal=2.2ml(<10ml)
premenopausal=4.9ml(<20ml)
testis prepubert=5ml
gastr content emptyin in duod=5-15ml
eye=7ml
uterus
nonpreg=10ml
at term=5l
CXR decubitus pl effus=15ml
max sinus=15ml
orbit=30ml
empty stom=50ml
UB
residual vol=50ml
1st desire=100-150ml
urge=250ml
urgency>400ml
painful urgency>600ml
physiologic capacity=900ml
anat capacity=1l
tracheostomy DS by=70-100ml
bld(mat) in intervillous space=140ml
placenta=500ml
bld clot st size=500ml
daily water secret nasal cavity=1l
WEIGHT
pineal gld=0.1-0.2g
bile lost everyd=0.5g
pituit gld=0.5g
total bile pool=5g
prostate=8g
parotid gld=25g
thyroid gld=25-30g

stillborn lungs=30-40g
liveborn lungs=60-70g
adrenal gld=35g
parathy gld=50g
uterus
nullip=50-70g
multip=80g
6w PP=80(80-100)g
preg=1100>1000g
after delivery=1100>1000g
pheochromocytoma=100g
kidn
fem=135g
mal=150g
placenta=500g
lung
lt=900g
rt=1050g
brain=1400g
Abbrevia ons
a-artery, AA-amino acid, abtc-an bio c, AI-autoimmune
bef-before, bel-below, b/l-bilateral, bld-blood, b/n-between, bn-benign, br-branch, Bx-biopsy
ca-carcinoma, carb-carbohydrate, c/i-contraindica on, c/l-contralateral, conc-concentra on,
cong-congenital, Cx-cervix
d-day, def-decient, ds-disease, d/t-due to, Dx-diagnosis
E-estrogen
fem-female, fr-from
gld-gland, glu-glucose
h-hormone
idiop-idiopathic, i/l-ipsilateral, inf-infec on, inj-injury
lig-ligament, LL-lower limb, l/t-leading to
m-muscle, maj-major, mal-male, MC-most common, met-metastasis, min-minor,
mtx-methotrexate, Mx-management
n-nerve, norm-normal
P-progesterone, pl-plasma, prot-protein, pt-pa ent
Rx-treatment
SCC-squamous cell carcinoma, sr-serum, Sx-surgery, sz-seizure
tm-tumour, ts- ssue
UL-upper limb, u/l-unilateral
vag-vagina, VC-vocal cord, vel-velocity, vert-vertebra, vit-vitamin, vol-volume
w-week, wt-weight
Xr-X ray
y-year
#-fracture
-degree

-(N.B.-THESE NOTES ARE ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND HELP TO PG
ASPIRANTS, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSE. REFERENCE HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM
VARIOUS STANDARD TEXTBOOKS. FOR ANY FEEDBACK/QUERY PLEASE CONTACTankit.yadavendra@facebook.com or dr.ankityadavendra@gmail.com )