Sinnimosemingls

Traduaoemportugus
Indice:Headline2

Antigos
28demarode2016
29demarode2016
30demarode2016
31demarode2016
1deabrilde2016
2deabrilde2016
3deabrilde2016
4deabrilde2016
5deabrilde2016
6deabrilde2016
7deabrilde2016
8deabrilde2016
9deabrilde2016
11deabrilde2016
12deabrilde2016
13deabrilde2016
14deabrilde2016
15deabrilde2016
16deabrilde2016
17deabrilde2016
18deabrilde2016
19deabrilde2016
20deabrilde2016
21deabrilde2016
25deabrilde2016
26deabrilde2016
27deabrilde2016
28deabrilde2016
29deabrilde2016
30deabrilde2016
Theend

Antigos

Lift
:Raisetoahigherpositionorlevel:
heliftedhistrophyoverhishead.L
evantar,erger.
afreeridesomewhere,usuallyinacar.
carona

Canyougivemealifttotheairport?
UK(
USelevator
)amachinethatcarriespeopleupanddownintallbuildings.
elevador.

Shall
weusethestairsortakethelift?

Torch
:tocha,lampada

Cup
:xcara

Fear
:medo,temor

Frighten
:assustar,amedrontar,intimidar

fright
noun[noplural]/fra
t/asuddenfeelingofshockandfear.
susto
.
Shewasshakingwithfright.

Wise
:sensato,sbio,prudente.

28demarode2016

Handle
:Feelormanipulatewiththehands.
wheredidyoulearntohandleaboat?
Ahandleisthepartofanobjectpeopleholdwhileusingit.
thepartbywhichathingisheld,carried,orcontrolled
thepanfeatureshelpfulliftinghandles
Thepotisveryhot.Sopickitupbythehandle.
Punho,cabo,ala,puxador,asa
.

Pickaxe
:picareta,pico.

Trophy
:acuporotherdecorativeobjectawardedasaprizeforavictoryorsuccess.
cup,medal,prize,award.
Trofu,monumento

Bottom
:Thebottomisthelowestpart.
Thebottomofmyshoehasaholeinit.
(usually
thebottom
)Thelowestpointorpartofsomething:
thebottomofthepage
shepausedatthebottomofthestairs
Thegroundunderasea,river,orlake
:thelinerplungedtothebottomofthesea
Theseatofachair.

Pleased
:
Whensomeoneispleased,theyarehappy.
Shewaspleasedwiththephonecallshe
received.
Feelingorshowingpleasureandsatisfaction,especiallyataneventorasituation:
bothgirlswere
pleasedwith
theirnewhairstyles.

heseemedreally
pleasedthat
shewasthere.

apleasedsmile.
Willingorgladtodosomething:
wewillbepleasedtoprovideanindependentappraisal
happyandsatisfied
pleasedwith
:It

took
alongtimeto

complete
the
work,

butImverypleasedwiththe
results

.
pleasedwith
:Im

really
pleasedwithhowyou
guys

performed.

pleasedabout
:Im

really
pleasedaboutyour
new

job.

bepleasedtodosomething:
Impleasedto
announce

the

winners
ofthe

contest
.
bepleasedtodosomething:
Youllbepleasedto
hear

thatDavecantcome

tonight!

Trick
:Acunningactorschemeintendedtodeceiveoroutwitsomeone:
hesadoubledealer
capableofanymeantrick.
truque
Amischievouspracticaljoke:
shethoughtElainewasp
laying
some
trickon
her
Anillusion:
IthoughtIsawaflickerofemotion,butitwasprobably
atrickofthelight
Askilfulactperformedforentertainmentoramusement:
hedidconjuringtricksforhisdaughters

Mischievous
:
Causingorshowingafondnessforcausingtroubleinaplayfulway:
mischievouschildren.
amischievousgrin
(Ofanactionorstatement)causingorintendedtocauseharmortrouble:
amischievous
allegationforwhichthereisnotashredofevidence
malicioso,maldoso,arteiro,levado,mau,prejudicial

Angry
:Whensomeoneisangry,theymaywanttospeakloudlyorfight.
Shedidntdoherhomework,soherfatherisangry.

Clever
:Whensomeoneisclever,theycansolveahardpuzzleorproblem.
Thecleverboythoughtofagoodidea.
Inteligente,esperto,hbil,talentoso.
Quicktounderstand,learn,anddeviseorapplyideasintelligent:
shewasanextremelycleverandstudiousyoungwoman
.
how
cleverof
himtothinkofthis!
Skilledatdoingorachievingsomethingtalented:
hewasveryc
leverat
gettingwhathewanted.
bothGrandmaandMotherwerec
leverwith
theirhands.
good
at

doing
or

using
something
cleverwith
:Youdhavetobeverycleverwith

words
toget

people
to

listen

Approach
:Toapproachsomethingmeanstomoveclosetoit.
Theboyapproachedhisschool.
Aproximar.Abordar.
Comenearornearerto(someoneorsomething)indistanceortime:
thetrainapproachedthe
mainline
[noobject]:

winter
wasapproaching
(asadjective
approaching
)
anapproachingcar
Comeclose
to(anumber,level,orstandard)inqualityorquantity:
thepopulationwillapproach
12millionbytheendofthe
decade

Speakto(someone)forthefirsttimeabouta

proposal
or

request
:
the
department

hadbeen
approachedabout

funding
Starttodealwith(asituationorproblem)inacertainway:
onemustapproachthematterwith
caution

Scope
:Thescopeofsomethingishowmanypeopleorthingsitrelatesto.
Modernhistoryhasawidescope.
The

extent
oftheareaor

subjectmatter
thatsomethingdealswithortowhichitis

relevant
:
we
widened
thescopeofour

investigation.

suchquestionsgobeyondthescopeofthisbook
Theopportunityor

possibility
todoordealwithsomething:
thes
copefor
majorchangeis
always

limited
bypolitical
realities

Insist
:Toinsistmeanstobefirmintellingpeoplewhattodo.
Iinsistthatyoutrysomeofthesecookies.
Demandsomethingforcefully,notacceptingrefusal:
she
insistedon
carryingherownbag
[withclause]:

heinsistedthatshecame
(
insiston
)Demandforcefullytohave(something):
heinsistedonanswerstohisallegations

Submit
:Tosubmittosomeoneistoagreetodowhattheytellyoutodo.
Shesubmittedtohermother'swishesanddidherhomework.
[noobject]
Acceptoryieldtoasuperiorforceortotheauthorityorwillofanotherperson:
the
originalsettlerswereforcedto
submitto
Bulgarianrule.
Submeterse,ceder,sujeitarse

Grasp
:Tograspsomethingmeanstoholdit.
Hegraspedthebagofmoneytightly.
Seizeandholdfirmly:
shegraspedthebottle.
Edwardgraspedherbythewrist
Take(anopportunity)eagerly:
manycompaniesgraspedtheopportunitytoexpand
Comprehendfully:
thepressfailedtograspthesignificanceofwhathadhappened.
afirmholdorgrip.

Freeze
:Tofreezeistobecomeverycold.

Ifyoudon'twearyourcoatinwinter,youwillfreeze.

Brainstorm
:Tobrainstormistohavealotofideasaboutacertaintopic.
Thestudentsmetafterschooltobrainstormideasfortheirassignment.
Aspontaneousgroupdiscussiontoproduceideasandwaysofsolvingproblems:
the
participantsheldabrainstorm
[asmodifier]:

brainstormexercises
British

informal:
Amomentinwhichoneissuddenlyunabletothinkclearlyoractsensibly:
we
canonlyassumethatsomeonesimplyhadabrainstormandlefttheimportantbitsout
NorthAmerican

informal:

Asuddencleveridea:
thesethreebrainstormsmayfloplikeother
wellintentionedinnovations

Latitude
:Thelatitudeofaplaceisitsdistancefromtheequator.
Thedevicewasabletotellthetravelerhisexactlatitude.

Greed
:greedisadesiretohavemorethanthethingsthatyouneed.
Sheateallthecookiesoutofhergreed.
Ganancia,avidez,cobia.
Intenseandselfishdesireforsomething,especiallywealth,power,orfood:
mercenarieswho
hadallowedgreedtoovertaketheirprinciples
greedhastakenoverfootball
thecolonists'
greedfor
Africanland

Greedy
:Havinganexcessivedesireorappetiteforfood:
hesscoffedthelot,thegreedypig.
DennisgropedhisgreedyhandsovertheboxoffoodthatAdrianhadkeptsosecurelybeside
him.
Havingorshowinganintenseandselfishdesireforwealthorpower:
peopledrivenfromtheir
landbygreedydevelopers.
Shewasgreedyforpower,anddidn'tletmoralsgetinthewayofherpursuitofit.
vido,ganancioso,guloso,voraz,ambicioso,insacivel,comilo,lambo.

Departure
:Adepartureistheactofleavingaplace.
Theywereexcitedabouttheirdeparturebackhome.
Theactionofleaving,especiallytostartajourney:
thedayofdeparture
[countnoun]:

shemade

ahastydeparture.
[countnoun]
Adeviationfromanaccepted,prescribed,orusualcourseofaction:
thealbumis
notaradical
departurefrom
thebandspreviouswork.
Itwas,ofcourse,ahugedeparturefromthetraditionrepresentedbyPerkin.
Ofcourse,thismeansaradicaldeparturefromcurrentplanningprocesses.
Thefirstshiftrequiredisadeparturefrombeingconcernedonlywithpatientswhoare
referredtooutpatientclinics.

Mankind
:thehumanrace,man,humanity,humanbeings,humans,Homosapiens,humankind,
thehumanspecies,people,menandwomen.
Humanbeingsconsideredcollectivelythehumanrace:
researchforthebenefitofallmankind.
Armsraceshavedoggedmankindfromthedawnofhistory,andhistoryseemsboundtorepeat
itself.
Itisoftenacknowledgedthatthehistoryofmankindiswrittenbyitsvictors.
Hadhebeenlistenedto,thehistoryofmankindmighthavebeendifferent.

Affection
:affectionisafeelingoflikingsomeoneorsomething.
AmandahasalotofaffectionforherlittlesisterSarah.

afeio,carinho,afeto,afetividade,simpatia,ternura,amizade,amoo.

tightly
:Closelyand

firmly
:
myhand
gripped

tightlyontothe
knife.

myeyesweretightly

shut
.
atightlysealed

container
.
Withvery

firm
or

strict
control:
thegovernmenttightlycontrolledthemovementofmoney.

publiccompanies
aretightlyregulated.
ina

disciplined
orwell

coordinated
manner:
tightly
choreographed

dance

moves
.
tightly

reasoned
arguments.
hermeticamente,fortemente,justamente,rijamente,firmemente.

Vast
:Ifsomethingisvast,itisverylarge.
Thewealthymanboughtavastamountoflandinthecountryside.
Ofverygreatextentorquantityimmense:
avastplainfulloforchards.
Theyhaveplentyofmoneyandasaresulttheyconsumevastquantitiesofdrink.
Inthisdayandage,thereisnorealneedtotakevastquantitiesofcashoreven
traveller'schequeswithyou.
Waterintheformoficehasbeenfoundinvastquantitiesjustbelowthesurfaceacross
largeareasofMars.

Thesaurus
:Abookthat

lists
wordsingroupsof

synonyms
andrelated

concepts
.

Boundary
:Aboundaryisthelinewhereoneareaoflandstops,andanotherbegins.
Thisfenceshowstheboundarybetweenouryardandyours.

Yard
:
Apieceof

uncultivated
ground

adjoining
abuilding,typicallyone

enclosed
bywallsorother
buildings:

tiny
houseswiththe

lavatory
intheyard.
NorthAmerican:
Thegardenofahouse.
Anareaoflandusedforaparticularpurposeorbusiness:
a

builders
yard.
quintal,jardim,ptio,terreiro.

Trial
:Atrialisthewayacourtdiscoversifapersonisguiltyorinnocent.

Hewentontrialforrobbingthebank.
Aformal

examination
of

evidence
bya

judge,
typicallybeforea
jury,

inordertodecide
guilt

ina
caseofcriminalor

civil

proceedings:
thenewspaperaccountsofthetrial
[massnoun]:the

editor
was

summoned
to

standtrial
for

libel
Atestoftheperformance,qualities,or

suitability
ofsomeoneorsomething:

clinical
trialsmust
establishwhetherthenew

hip
replacements

areworking
Aperson,experience,orsituationthat

tests
apersons

endurance
or

forbearance
:
thetrialsand
tribulations
of

married
life.
IhadthepleasureofspeakingtoSchneiderandinquiringaboutthetrialsandtribulationsthat
he'sexperiencedinhiscareer.

Hips
:oneofthetwopartsofyourbodyaboveyourlegandbelowyourwaist
Shestoodwithherhandsonherhips,waiting.
Idliketoloseweightfrommyhipsandthighs.
Quadril

Wealthy
:havingagreatdealofmoney,resources,orassetsrich.
thewealthynationsoftheworld
synonyms:
rich,affluent,moneyed,welloff,welltodo,prosperous,comfortable,propertied

rico,abstado,endinheirado,opulento.

Bought
=>
buy
:comprar,adquirir.

Tray
:Atrayisaflatplateusedtoholdfood.
Thewaiterbroughtourfoodonatray.
Bandeja
.

Competition
:Acompetitionisacontesttoseewhoisthebestatsomething.
Hewontherunningcompetitionovertheweekend.

Fence
:abarrier,railing,orotheruprightstructure,typicallyofwoodorwire,enclosinganarea
ofgroundtomarkaboundary,controlaccess,orpreventescape.
SouthKoreannewsagencyYonhapsaidthegroupcutthroughawirefencetogainaccessto
theschoolgroundsinanorthernsuburbofBeijingearlyFriday.
synonyms:
barrier,fencing,enclosure,barricade,stockade,palisade,fenceline,railing
aguardorguideonaplane,saw,orothertool.
Thisleavesashortsidesurfaceatrightanglestotherearofthestrip,adequateforguidingthe
fenceofthecorniceplane.
apersonwhodealsinstolengoods.
TherehemeetsupwiththewilyArtfulDodgerwhotakeshimtothiefandfenceFagin,whoisin
chargeofagangofyoungpickpockets.
synonyms:
receiver(ofstolengoods),dealer
verb

surroundorprotectwithafence.
ourgardenwasnotfullyfenced
Cerca,barreira,cercado.

Waiter
:Garom.

Headline
:Aheadlineisthetitleofanewspaperstory.
Theheadlineonthefrontpagewasabouttheeconomy.

Bold
:negrito,corajoso,arrojado,audaz,atrevido,forte,vigoroso,ngreme.
Ifsomeoneisbold,theyarenotafraidofdoingsomething.
Theboldmanclimbedthehighmountain.
(Ofaperson,action,oridea)showinga
willingness

totakerisks

confident
and

courageous:
a
boldattemptto

solve
the

crisis
.
no

journalist
wasboldenoughtotakeonthePrimeMinister
(Ofacolour,

design
,orshape)havingastrong,

vivid
,orclearappearance:
acoatwithbold
polkadots
.

Biography
:Abiographyisanaccountofsomeoneslifethatiswrittenbysomeoneelse.
WereadabiographyaboutCharlesDarwininscienceclass.

Expel
:Toexpelsomeonemeanstoforcethemtoleaveaplace.
Sincehewouldnotfollowtherules,theprincipalhadtoexpelthestudent.
expulsar.Expelir.

Enterprise
:Anenterpriseisacompanyorbusiness.
Myfatherownsanadvertisingenterprise.

Fad
:Afadissomethingthatispopularforashorttime.
Thejuhulahoopwasafadforafewyears,butitsoonlostitspopularity.

Misconception
:Amisconceptionisawrongideaaboutsomething.
PeopleoncebelievedthemisconceptionthattheEarthisflat.

Guilty
:culpado

Rob
:Takepropertyunlawfullyfrom(apersonorplace)byforceorthreatofforce:
hetried,with
threeothers,torobabank
.
roubar,furtar,pilhar,assaltar.
shewas
robbedof
herhandbag
informal
Overcharge(someone)forsomething:
Bobthinksmysuitcost70,andeventhenhe
thinksIwasrobbed
informal
or
dialect
Steal:
someonehadrobbedmyjacket

(
robsomeoneof
)Deprivesomeoneof(somethingneededordeserved):
poorhealthhas
robbedherofanormalsociallife

Hazardous
:Riskydangerous:
weworkinhazardousconditions.

itis
hazardousto
personalsafety.
dangerous
,risky,unsafe,perilous,precarious,insecure,tricky,unpredictable,uncertain,
highrisk,touchandgo,fraughtwithdanger
Parentshavetobecarefulnottobuychildrensclothesandtoysmadeofhazardousmaterials.

Augment
:[

g'ment]toincreasethesize,amount,orvalueofsomething.
Theteamofeditorswasaugmentedbyfreelancers.
Theprecisionmaybeincreasedbyaugmentingthenumberofsamplesused.
Toincrease,ortoincreasesomething:increase,addto,raise
Insometypesofpopularcosmeticsurgerypeopleaugmentpartsoftheirbodies.
Thecollegeaugmenteditscourseofferingsbecausestudentscomplainedthatthereweretoo
fewchoices.

Cohesion
:Abilitytostaytogetherasaunit
Cohesioncanalsobeusedtodescribeforcesthatkeepmaterialsorstructurestogether.
Familycohesionisdifficultifyoungpeoplehavetogofarawaytofindwork.

Despondent
:Extremelysadandwithouthopeforthefuture.
Desanimado.
Afterhisgirlfriendlefthim,Johnsonwasdespondentandwouldnttalktoanyone.

Coalition
:Agroupofseveraldifferentgroupsorcountriesthatareworkingtogethertoachieve
acertaingoal.

grin
:abroadsmile.
Sorrisolargo
.
smilebroadly,especiallyinanunrestrainedmannerandwiththemouthopen.
Dennisappeared,
grinningcheerfully.
Toourastonishment,Deniswasgrinningatus,andwasevennowheadinginourdirection.
tosmileshowingyourteethgrinat:
Ruthgrinnedathimasshewavedgoodbye.

29demarode2016

bury
:enterrar,sepultar,ocultar,inundar

libel
:difamao,calnia.

orchard
:a

piece
of

land
wherethereare

fruit

trees

pomar

Anappleorchard.
Southofthehouseisanextensiveorchardoffruittrees,nowpartoftheothertwoproperties.

Grip
:Togripsomethingistoholditverytightly.
Iwasscared,soIgrippedmyoldersister'shand.
pegar,compreender,pegarfortemente,agarrarcomfirmeza.

hasty
:precipitado,apressado,rpido,ligeiro,temporo,imprudente.

grope
:to

try
toget

hold
ofsomethingwith

your

hand
,usuallywhenyoucannot

see
it
tatear
I
groped
inmy

bag

for
my

keys
.

press
:imprensa,presso,prensa,maquinadeimpresso.

settler
:oneofagroupofpeoplewhobuildaplaceforthemselvestoliveafterarrivingfrom
somewhereelse
thefirstEuropeansettlersinAmerica
synonyms:
colonist,colonizer,frontiersman,frontierswoman,pioneer,bushwhacker,immigrant
Colono,colonizador

amusement
:[noplural]thefeelingthatyouhavewhensomethingmakesyousmileorlaugh
Iwatchedtheperformancewithgreatamusement.
enjoyment,oranenjoyablewayofspendingyourtime
Iplaythepiano,butjustformyownamusement.
fairgroundamusements
diverso,entretenimento,graa

skilful
:havingorshowingskill.
askillfulinfielder
synonyms:
expert,accomplished,skilled,masterly,master,virtuoso,consummate,proficient
hbil,engenhoso,habilidoso,adestrado.

flicker
:tremer,chamejar,pestanejartemulao,centenha,vacilao,luzvacilante.
verb
[I]us/
fl
kr/
to
burn,
shine,ormovelikea
flamein
quickly
changing
formsof
lightand
dark:Candles
flickeredonallthe
tablesinthe
restaurant.A
smileflickered
acrossher
face.
[I]to
shinewitha
lightthatissometimes
brightandsometimes
weak:

I
felta
cold
draftandthe
candle
startedtoflicker.
[IorT]to
appearfora
short
timeortomakea
sudden
movement:
A
smileflickered
acrossher
face.
He'dbeenina
comafor
weeks,whenallofa
suddenheflickeredan
eyelid.
noun
[C]us/
fl
kr/

any
slightand
quick
expression:
The
planes
searchedthe
groundforaflickerof
movement
amongthe
wreckage.

Contest
:acompetition,especiallyoneinwhichindividualsratherthangroupsarecompeting
concurso
.
tocontest=Tochallenge
contestnoun[C]us/
k
ntest/
a
competitiontodo
betterthanother
people,esp.to
wina
prizeor
achievea
positionof
leadershipor

power:Inthelast
election,he
surviveda
closecontestagainsta
political
newcomer.

contestant
noun[C]us/kn
testnt/
Shewas
onceacontestantona
television
quizshow.
Contest
verb[T]us/kn
test/
to
opposeesp.in
argument:Thecampaignsorganizers
hotlycontestmuchofthe
criticismthat
hasbeen
leveledatthem.
Tocontestisalsoto
claimthata
particular
actionisnot
fairorisnot
legal:The
lawyersmay
decidetocontestthe

fine.

to
contest
:[kn'test]
Tochallenge

to
contest
[kn'test]
Thenouncontestcanmeanagame,especiallyoneplayedforaprize.
DaveRoper,whonarrowlylostthemayorsrace,contestedtheresults,demandingarecountof
thevotes

Appraisal
:the
actof
examiningsomeoneorsomethingin
orderto
judge
their
qualities,
success,or

needs:
The
newspapergavean
editorialappraisalofthegovernment's
achievementsofthepast
year.
(alsojob/performanceappraisal)a
meetinginwhichan
employee
discusseshisorher
progress,
aims,and

needsat
workwithhisorher
manageror
employer:
Many
companies
operate
regular
jobappraisals,oftenonan
annual
basis.
avaliao,apreciao,laudo

Mussel
:asmallseacreaturethathasablackshellintwopartsandthatcanbeeaten
Mexilho

Prawn
:asmallseaanimalthatyoucaneat.Prawnsarepinkwhencooked.
Camaro

Octopus
:polvo
aseacreaturewitheightlongarms

Boredom
:thestateoffeelingbored.
theboredomofalongcarjourney
Tdio,aborrecimento.

Extirpate
:Eradicateordestroycompletely:t
imberwolveswereextirpatedfromNewEngland
morethanacenturyago

Stroll
:Tostrollmeanstowalkslowlyandcalmly.
MydogandIstrolledthroughtheparktoday.

Rebel
:Arebelisapersonwhoflightsthegovernmentinordertochangeit.
Therebelhadenoughofthegovernment'sunfairpolices.

Foe
:Afoeisanenemyoropponent.
Itwashardtobelievethatanyonecouldbehisfoe.

Shepherd
:Ashepherdisapersonwhoprotectsandcaresforsheep.
Theshepherdmovedthesheeptoanotherfield.

Rather
:ratherisusedwhenyouwanttodoonethingbutnottheother.
Iwouldratherhavetheredonethantheblueone.

Splash
:Whenaliquidsplashes,itburstsandhitssomething.
Somegreenpaintsplasheduponthefloor.

Found
:Tofoundmeanstobringsomethingintoexistence.
Thepastorfoundedhischurchinthecountryside.
Tofoundacompanyororganizationmeanstostartit.
ThepilgrimsfoundedoneofthefirstcoloniesintheUnitedStates.

Empathy
:empathyissharingorunderstandinganotherpersonsfeelings.
Thecaringnursehadempathyforherpatients.

Grain
:Wheatoranyothercultivatedcerealusedasfood.
Theseedsofwheatorothercultivatedcereals.
Asinglefruitorseedofacereal:
afew
grainsof
corn
Gro,cereais.

Slim
:Ifsomethingorsomeoneisslim,theyarethin.
Lookatmynewcellphone.It'sveryslim.

Cheat
:Tocheatistobedishonestsothatyoucanwinordowell.
Theycheatedonthetestbysharinganswers.


Tremble
:Totrembleistoshakeasaresultofcoldweather.
Harrywasnotusedtothecold,sohetrembledmostoftheday.
Tremer,estremecer.

Stove
:Astoveisadeviceusedtocookfood.
Ournewstovehelpsustocookfoodmuchfasterthanbefore.
Fogo,forno.

Cliff
:Acliffisahighandoftenflatwallofrock.
Thewolfstoodatthecliffandhowled.
Penhasco

Petition
:Apetitionisawrittenrequestaskinganauthoritytodosomething.
Thecitizensallsignedapetitionaskingthemayortorepairthesidewalks.

Haunt
:Tohauntistocauseproblemsornegativethoughtsoveralongperiodoftime.
Histhoughtsabouthisscarydreamhauntedhimforweeks.
Assombrar.Fantasma.

Rim
:Therimistheoutsideedgeofaroundthing,likeacuporbottle.
Iputmylipstotherimofthebottleandtookadrink.
aro
theedgeofsomethinground.
borda,aro.

therimofacup

30demarode2016

Cram
:studyintensivelyoverashortperiodoftimejustbeforeanexamination.
"lectureswerecalledoffsostudentscouldcramforfinals"
synonyms:
study,review,boneup

Milieu
:Apersonssocialenvironment:
GregorycamefromthesamearistocraticmilieuasSidonius
ManyVietnamveteransdidnotfeelcomfortableintheantiwarsocialmilieuofthe1970s.
theparticularpeopleandsocietythatsurroundyouandinfluencethewayinwhichyoubehave.
meiosocial,arredores,redondeza,fundo.

Arrive
:Toarriveistogettoorreachsomeplace.
Thebusalwaysarrivesatthecornerofmystreetat4:00.

Shape
:Theexternalform,contours,oroutlineofsomeoneorsomething:
shelikedtheshapeof
hisnose

houseplantscomeinallshapesandsizes
[massnoun]:t
hestonesareirregularinshape
Ageometricfiguresuchasasquare,triangle,orrectangle.
Groupingwalldecoringeometricshapessuchasrectangles,trianglesorcirclesaddsinterest.
Thecorrectororiginalformorcontoursofsomething:
herskirthadlostitsshapelongago
thelidhadbeenbatteredoutofshape
Goodphysicalcondition:
shehastoworkhardtokeepinshape
ItrainedwiththefeatherweightchampionofEuropetogetinshape

Industrious
:Ifsomeoneisindustrious,theyworkhard.
Denniswasveryindustrious,soheneverhadproblemsfindingajob.
Diligentandhardworking:
anindustriouspeoplestrivingtomaketheircountryprosperous
Onlypeoplecanbeindustriouscompaniescannot.
TheDutchsettlementsinOttawaCountywerefoundedbyindustriousfarmerswhoobjectedto
frivolousbehaviorsuchasdancing.

Chore
:aroutinetask,especiallyahouseholdone.
Girlsasyoungasfourandfiveareexpectedtohelpwithhouseholdchoresandtocarefortheir
youngersiblings.
synonyms:
task,job,duty,errand,work,domesticwork,drudgery

Unify
:Tounifymeanstobringpeopleorthingstogether.
Withtheirgooddeeds,thechildrentriedtounifytheworld.
unificar,uniformizar,darunidadea

Vaw
:Tovowmeanstomakeapromisetodosomething.
Beforetheyareallowedtowork,allsenatorsmustvowtoneveracceptbribes.

Bribe
:
noun
asumofmoneyorotherinducementofferedorgiveninthisway.
They'vegoneasfarasillegalactivitiesofferingbribesontheflooroftheHouse,holdingvotes
openforthreehours.
synonyms:
inducement,incentive,payola,payoff,kickback,boodle,sweetener
Verb
persuade(someone)toactinone'sfavor,typicallyillegallyordishonestly,byagiftof
moneyorotherinducement.
anundercoveragentbribedthejudgeintogivingalenientsentence
synonyms:
buyoff,payoff,suborn,greasesomeone'spalm,fix,square
Tobribesomeonemeanstoillegallypersuadethemforafavorwithmoney.
Thejudgewasbribedsothatshewouldsetthesuspectfree.

Wail
:Towailistoshowsadnessbycryingloudly.
Thebabywailedbecauseitwashungry.

Chorar,gemer

Ethnic
:Ifsomethingisethnic,thenitisrelatedtoagroupwithasimilarculture.
Manysectionsofthecityarehometodifferentethniccommunities.

Tissue
:Atissueisasoftpieceofpaperpeopleusetowipetheirnoses.
Therewasaboxoftissueonthetable.
tissue

noun
/
t
u/
B1asoftpieceofpaperthatyouuseforcleaningyournose.
lenodepapel
.
thematerialthatanimalsandplantsaremadeof.
tecido
.
humanbraintissue

Gain
:Ifyougainsomething,yougetmoreofit.
Igainedsomeweightoverthesummer.

Howl
:along,loud,dolefulcryutteredbyananimalsuchasadogorwolf.
Whileincaptivity,theyareveryvocal,utteringhighpitchedwhinesandhowls,raspinggrowls.
synonyms:
baying,howling,bay,cry,yowl,bark,yelp
uivo,gemido,lamento,pranto.berrar,gritar,rugir

Chop
:Tochopsomethingmeanstocutitintopieceswithatool.
Momchoppedsomevegetablestoputintothestew.

Appliance
:amachineorpieceofequipmentthatyouhaveinyourhome,forexamplea
washingmachineorrefrigerator
Westockawiderangeofkitchenappliances.
Adeviceorpieceofequipmentdesignedtoperformaspecifictask:
electricalandgas
appliances
British
Theactionorprocessofbringingsomethingintooperation:
theapplianceofscience
couldincreasecropyields

31demarode2016

Utterly
:completely
Thenewruleisutterlyridiculous.
completamente,totalmente

Stark
:
empty,

simple,or
obvious
,
especiallywithout
decorationoranythingthatisnot
necessary:

Itwasastark
roomwitha
bedand
chairastheonly
furniture.
Thestark
realityisthatweare
operatingata
huge
loss.

c
ompletelyor
extremely
:
The
childrenwere
splashinginthe
river,stark
naked.
IfIdidn't
exercise,I
thinkI'dgo
raving
mad(UKalsostark
staring
mad)from
sittingata
deskall
day.

Inthe
suburbsthe
spacious
houses
standinstark(=
extreme)
contrasttothe
slumsofthecity's
poor.

Ifacontrastisstark,thenthethingsbeingcomparedareutterlydifferent.
Thereisastarkcontrastbetweentheirtestscores.

Fool
:Afoolissomeonewhomakesunwisechoices.
Thegirlwasafoolforplayingtooclosetothewater.

foolish
:adjective/
fu
l

/
silly
.
bobo,tolo,insensato
.
afoolishmistake.Itwouldbefoolishtoignorehisadvice.
foolishly
/
fu
l

li/adverb
tolamente:
Ifoolishlydidntwriteherphonenumberdown.
foolishness
/
fu
l

ns/noun[noplural]
tolice,bobagem

Polar
:polarrelatestothecoldplacesonEarth'snorthandsouthends.
OnlyafewpeopleliveintheEarth'snorthernpolarregion.

fuse
:Afuseisastringthatyoulightonfireworkstomakethemexplode.
Theboylitthefuseontherocketandwaitedforittoburstinthesky.
pavil
physicsapartofapieceofelectricalequipmentthatmakesitstopworkingwhenthereistoo
muchelectricityflowingthroughit
apieceofelectricalequipmentusedforexplodingabomb,fireworketcfromadistance
fusvel

Vibrate
:Tovibrateistoshakeveryhard.
Themachinemadehiswholebodyvibrateashebrokeuptheground.

beforehand
:Ifsomethingisdonebeforehand,thenitisdoneinadvance.
Hepackedhisluggagebeforehand,sohewasabletoleaverightaway.

Beloved
:Whensomethingisbeloved,itisveryspecialandyoulikeitverymuch.
Theboytookanapnexttohisbelovedcat.
abelovedfriend,objectetcisonethatyouloveverymuch.Thiswordissometimesused
humorouslytosaythatsomeonelikessomethingtoomuch
Hescleaninghisbelovedmotorbike.
Loved,likedorwantedverymuch:dear,desirable,precious...

Poison
:poisonisadangeroussubstancethatcausesillnessordeath.

Theyusedpoisontogetridoftheratsintheirhome.

Defect
:Adefectisapartofsomethingthatiswrongormissing.
Allthesebottleshaveadefectandmustbesentbacktothewarehouse.

reach
:Toreachmeanstoarriveataplace.
Iwashappytofinallyreachmydestination.

Shade
:Theshadeisadarkareathatsomethingmakeswhenitblocksthesun.
Itwashotoutside,sotheboysatintheshadeofatree.

Lawn
:Alawnisanareacoveredingrass.
Mydadkeepsthelawninfrontofyourhouseveryneat.

Shortly
:Ifsomethingwillhappenshortly,itwillhappenverysoon.
Myworkdaywillendshortly.
soon,orhappeningonlyashortperiodoftimeaftersomething
Weregoingtobreakforlunchveryshortly.
shortlyafter/before
:
Policearrivedatthesceneshortlyaftermidnight.
ifyousaysomethingshortly,yousoundannoyedorrude

Warehouse
:alargebuildingforkeepingthingsthataregoingtobesold.
armazm,depsito
DrivingacrossruralIowaislikedrivingthroughthewarehouseandlightmanufacturingdistrictof
agreatcity.
Atpresentmostofthesiteisusedasadistributionwarehouseandverylittlemanufacturingis
carriedout.
Wroughtonfarmersaretoturntwooldgrainstoresintoamodernwarehouseforstorageand
distribution.

grace
:graceisaqualityofmovinginasmooth,relaxedandattractiveway.
Theballerinadancedwithgrace.

aborigine
:AnaborigineisanativeofAustraliabeforeEuropeanslivedthere.
theaboriginescreatedbeautifulartwork.

Wander
:Towanderistowalkwithoutgoingtoacertainplace.
Theboysliketowanderinthewoodsandlookatbirds.

tease
:Toteasesomeonemeanstolaughatormakefunofthem.
JaketeasedCharliebecausehewasthenewstudent.

choir
:Achoirisagroupofpeoplewhosingtogether.
Hehadchoirpracticeeverydayafterschool.


Miserable
:Ifsomeoneismiserable,theyare
veryunhappy
.
Hewasmiserableafterhisdogdied.
Sad
:
triste,infeliz,baixoastral.

Iwokeupfeelingmiserable.
badandmakingyousad
:
miservel,pssimo,horrvel
.
Peoplearelivinginmiserable
conditions.

Smallpox
:smallpoxisadiseasethatcausestinybumpsontheskinandhighfevers.
Whenshesawthetinybumps,shethoughthersonmighthavesmallpox.
Varola,bexiga.
an
extremely
infectious
viral
diseasethat
causes
fever,
spotsonthe
skin,andoften
death:
smallpoxvaccinations

Hide
:Tohideistotrynottoletothersseeyou.
Theotherchildrenwillhidewhileyoucountto100.

Disorder
:disorderisalackoforder,oracomplete
mess
.
Theteacher'sdeskhadmanypapersindisorder.

Mass
:adirtyoruntidystateofthingsorofaplace.
shemadeamessofthekitchen
synonyms:
untidiness,disorder,disarray,clutter,shambles,jumble,muddle,chaos
asituationorstateofaffairsthatisconfusedorfullofdifficulties.
theeconomyisstillinaterriblemess
synonyms:
plight,predicament,tightspot/corner,difficulty,trouble,quandary,dilemma,problem

Char
:Tocharmeanstoburnsomethingsothatitturnsblack.
WhileFrankwentinsidetogetthemustard,heaccidentallycharredthehotdogs.

Refund
:Arefundismoneygivenbacktoapersonwhenanitemisreturnedtoastore.
IaskedforarefundbecausetheshoesIboughtweretootight.

Outlaw
:Anoutlawisacriminalwhohidesfromthepolice.
Thepolicepassedoutpostersoftheoutlawtoallthepeople.

Tight
:adjective/ta
t/
>fittingyourbodyveryclosely.
apertado,justo
.
atightskirt
Opposite
loose
firmanddifficulttomove.
apertado,esticado
.
Makesuretheknotistight
.
stronglycontrolledandobeyingallrulescompletely.
firme
.
Theykepttightcontrolofthe
budget
.
tightly
/ta
tli/adverb
firmemente
tightness
/ta
tns/noun[noplural]
firmeza

anobility
[n'b
lt
]Agroupofsociallyprominentpeoplewithspecialtitlesgivenbyakingor
queen,suchasdukeorcountess

Prejudiced
['pre
d
st]:Causingtojudgeprematurelyandunfairly.
Preconceituoso
.
Manyconsumersareprejudicedagainstcommercialgoodsmadeinthirdworldcountries.

statusquo
[
ste
ts'kwu]Thesystemsandconditionsthatexistnow.
Letsjustmaintainthestatusquountilwecanthinkofabetterway.

toconvey
[kn've
]totransportfromoneplacetoanothertotransmitormakeknown
verb[T](
COMMUNICATE
)uk/kn
ve
/us/kn
ve
/formal
to
express
feelings,
thoughts,or
informationtoother
people:
Healwaysconveyeda
senseof
genuine
interestinhis
students.
to
expressa
thought,
feeling,or
ideasothatitis
understoodbyother
people:
His
poetryconveysa
great
senseof
religious
devotion.
Pleaseconvey
our
condolencestothe
family
.
[+questionword]
I
triedtoconveyinmy
speechhow
gratefulweallwereforhis
help.
Youdon't
wanttoconveythe
impressionthatwe'renot
interested.
Moreexamples
Few
journalistshave
managedtoconveythe
full
horrorofthe
situation.
Whatthe
bookdoesconveyvery
successfullyisthe
horrorof
war.
No
reportcanconveythe
unspeakable
sufferingthatthis
warhas
caused.
Words
alonecannotconveythe
untold
misery
enduredby
peopleinthese
refugee
camps.

Witha
single
wagofher
fingershe
managedtoconveyher
total
disapproval.

convey
verb[T](
TAKE
)
totakeor
carrysomeoneorsomethingtoa
particular
place:
Water
flowsintothe
channelsandthose
channelsconveyittothe
fields.
The
goodsareusuallyconveyedby
rail.
Couldyouconveya
messagetoMrMerrickforme,
please?
Amessengerconveyedtheprinceslettertothecommanderofthearmy.
Theworstpartaboutbeingadoctorwaswhenshehadtoconveybadnewstoafamily.

todiscriminate
[d
'skr
m
n
t]Tochoosecarefullyamongoptions
totreatsomeoneunfairlybecauseoftheirreligion,race,orotherpersonalfeatures.
Employersarenotallowedtodiscriminateonthebasisofgender.
Thegovernorwiselydiscriminatedbetweenurgentissuesandthosethatcouldwait.
discriminateagainst
:
Caulfieldclaimedtheyhaddiscriminatedagainsthimbecauseofhis
nationality.
Recognizeadistinctiondifferentiate:
babiescandiscriminatebetweendifferentfacial
expressions.

Denote
:Tomeansomethingclearlyanddirectly
denotar,indicar,significar,simbolizar,mostrar

twinkle
:Iflighttwinkles,itshinesandseemstobequicklyflashingonandoff.
Thelightsofthetowntwinkledinthedistance.
Thestarstwinkleunderthebrightlightofthefullmoon.
Therearesomebrightnewsouthernstarstwinklingasournorthernlightstrytorechargetheir
batteries.
Asheturnedoutthelight,threebrightstarstwinkledabovethesilenthouse.
piscar,pestanear,cintilar,brilhar.
Thestarstwinkleunderthebrightlightofthefullmoon.
Therearesomebrightnewsouthernstarstwinklingasournorthernlightstrytorechargetheir
batteries.
Asheturnedoutthelight,threebrightstarstwinkledabovethesilenthouse.
(Ofapersonseyes)sparkle,especiallywithamusement.
He'ssittingthere,oneeyebrowraised,hisbeautifuleyestwinklingwithamusement.
Look,hesaid,hisblueeyestwinklingwithamusement.
ShelooksatJonnie,witheyestwinklinginamusement.
Smilesothatoneseyessparkle:Aha!hesaid,twinklingather(asadjectivetwinkling)a
twinklingsmile.
Hestoodwithhisarmsfoldedandheadcockedtooneside,twinklingatme.
WhenIaskedifheknewthelocationoftherealStoneofDestinyhesmiled,twinkled
mischievously,andsaidallwouldberevealedinthefullnessoftime.
TakethosetapesofRonaldReagan'spoliticalspeechesandmemoirs,inwhichhe
smiledandtwinkledandsaidnotverymuchatall.
(Ofapersonsfeet)movelightlyandrapidly:hissandaledfeettwinkledovertheground
ThefamousGallowglassCeiliBandwillprovidethemusicwithsomelivelytunestogetthetoes
twinkling.
Playingtheballlate,hisfeetstartedtotwinkle.
AsprincipaldancerwiththeEnglishNationalBallet,hertoeshavetotwinkleforaliving.

noun
Asparkleorgleaminapersonseyes.
Thefamiliartwinkledancedinhersparklingbrowneyes.
Agrincrackedacrosstheman'sstonyface,andatwinklegleamedfromhiseyes.
Isawamischievoustwinkleinhiseyesandhewavedthesalad.
Alightthatappearscontinuallytogrowbrighterandfainter:thedistanttwinkleofthelights
Thetwinkleoflightbegantogrowanddivide,untilPetercouldseeamyriadofbright
lightsjustupahead.
Tiredtwinklesoflightcamethroughthefissuresintherooftilesandasmallwindowin
thebackwall.
Thestarsserenelyencasedthegreenandbrownplanetintheirmilkytwinkle,lightingup
alltheoceanswithacrystalglow,abeautifulshine.
Phrases

inatwinkling
(orthetwinklingofaneye):Inaninstantveryquickly.
Inatwinkling,theballwasswepttotheonrushingKieranLewis.
Ourfearsthatlearnerswouldstarvewaswipedoutinatwinklingofaneye.
Inatwinkling,thebroad,tallfigurewasreducedtothin,glassyshardsthatdissolvedin
theair.
twinkler
/k()lr/noun
twinkly
/k()l/Adjective

1deabrilde2016

Knot
:Aknotismadewhenyoutietheendsofropeorcordtogether.
Hetiedaknotinhisshoelaces,sotheywouldntcomeoffduringtherace.
N,lao,milhanauticadificuldade.

pump
noun(DEVICE)a
pieceof
equipmentthatisusedto
cause
liquid,
air,or
gasto
move
fromone
placetoanother:
a
water/
bicycle/
fuelpump.
a
petrolpump.
Moreexamples
Thepumpis
poweredbya
small
electric
motor.
Fish
tanksoftenhaveapumpthat
oxygenatesthe
water.
Thepumpis
drivenby
steam.
pump
noun[C](SHOE)
[usuallyplural]a
typeof
flat
shoe,likea
balletdancer's
shoe,
wornbywomen
[usuallyplural]US(UK
courtshoe
)a
typeof
plain
shoewitha
raised
heelandnowayof
fasteningittothe

foot,
wornbywomen
[usuallyplural]UKa
flat
shoemadeof
heavy
cloth,
wornby
childrenfordoing
sports
pump
verb(LIQUID/GAS)
[Tusually+adv/prep]to
force
liquidor
gasto
move
somewhere:
Our
latest
machinecanpumpahundred
gallonsa
minute.
Thenew
wineispumpedinto
storage
tanks.
The
heartpumps
bloodthroughthe
arteries/roundthe
body.
Pumpverb(INFORMATION)
[T]informalto
keep
askingsomeonefor
information,
especiallyinawaythatisnot
direct:
Shewaspumpingmefor
detailsofthenew
projec.

animism
:noun[U]uk/
n.
.m
.zm/us/
n..m
.zm/specialized
the
beliefthatall
naturalthings,suchas
plants,
animals,
rocks,and
thunder,have
spiritsand
can
influence
human
events
Animist
:noun[C],adjectiveuk/
n.
.m
st/us/
n..m
st/

fond
:adjective/f
nd/befondofsomeone/something

>tolikesomeoneorsomething.
gostardealgum/algo,tercarinhoporalgum
.
Wereveryfondofeachother.
>causinghappyfeelings.
querido,carinhoso
.
Ihavefondmemoriesofmychildhood.
fondness
:noun[noplural]/
f
ndns/
alikingforsomeoneorsomething.
gosto,afeio
.
Webothhaveafondnessfordogs.

2deabrilde2016

Villainy
noun[U]UK/
v
l..ni/US/
v
l..ni
evilorcriminalbehavior:
perverso,malgino

Villainous
adjective[beforenoun]UK/
v
l..ns/US/
v
l..ns/
Avillainous
personoran
actionis
evil:
avillainous
dictator

bulk
noun[noplural]/b
lk/
Largenessandaheavyappearance

largesizeormass
:volume,tamanho
Hewassurprisedbythebulkofthedocument.
>inbulkinlargeamounts.
agranel,emgrandequantidade
.
Shebuysinbulk.
thebulkofsomethingmostofsomething.
amaiorpartedealgo
Thebulkofthebookistakenupwithcriticizingotherworks.

dormitory
:Adormitoryisaschoolbuildingwherestudentslive.
Iwillmoveintothedormitoryatthebeginningoftheschoolyear.

to
cure
[kju]Torestoretohealth

recent
Whensomethingisrecent,ithappenedashorttimeago.
Ididnotknowwhatcausedhisrecentbehavior

Satisfactory
:Ifsomethingissatisfactory,itisgoodenough.
Minaoftenreceivedsatisfactorygradessinceshestudiedsohard.

parochial
[p'ruk
l]Restrictedinoutlookrelatingtothelocalparish.
Marlamovedfromherruralcommunitytogetawayfromitsparochialthinking.
Sendingyourchildrentoaparochialschoolcancostasmuchassendingthemtocollege.

outlook
noun/
a
tl
k/
[noplural]thelikelyfuturesituation:
perspectiva,prognstico
Theoutlookfortheeconomynextyearisbleak.
thewayapersonthinksaboutsomething:
atitude,postura,viso

Despiteherillness,shehasaverypositiveoutlookonlife.

parish
noun[C]US/
pr

/
>an
areathata
church
providesfor:
She
livedher
whole
lifeinthisparish.
Aparishisalsoa
political
divisionwithinthe
stateofLouisiana.

nap
:Anapisashortsleep,usuallyduringtheday.
ItookashortnapbecauseIstayeduplatelastnight.

Settle
verb/
setl/(presentparticiplesettling,pasttenseandpastparticiplesettled)
Ifyousettleanargument,youstoptheproblemandstoparguing.
apaziguar
tostartlivingsomewherethatyouaregoingtoliveforalongtime:
estabelecerse,instalarse
FinallyhesettledinVienna.
todecideorarrangesomething:
chegaraumacordo
Right,thatssettled.WeregoingtoSpain.
torelaxintoacomfortableposition:
acomodarse
Shesettledherselfintothechair.
>settleabill:topaythemoneythatyouowe:
pagarumaconta
Ivegotsomebillstosettle.
settleacheck/bill
:topaythemoneythatyouowe:pagarumaconta
Illsettlethedinnercheckyougetourcoats.

unsettle
Tounsettlesomeonemeanstomakethemanxiousorworried.
ThedarkcloudsintheskyunsettledBeth.
unsettlingadjective(CHANGEABLE)
that
causes
sudden,
unexpected
changes:
A
risein
unemploymenthasanunsettling
effectonthe
stock
market.
Oneofthedocumentary'smanyunsettling
imagesisofa
child
playingwithherfather's
gun.
unsettlingadjective(ANXIOUS)
makingyou
feel
anxiousand
worried:
I
receivedtheunsettling
newsthatImay
losemy
jobnext
month.
unsettle:verb[T]uk/
n
set.l/us/
n
set
.l/

Theairline's
decisionto
cut
air
faresis
likelytounsettlethe
market.
Eventhemost
experienced
batsmenwere
unsettledbythe
speedofthis
bowler.
perturbar,abalar,alterar,transtornar,desarranjar,poremdesordem.

enterprising
['entpra
z
]Creativeinthinkingofwaystomakemoney.
Immigrantsareoftenamongthemostenterprisingmembersofsociety,partlybecauseanyone
braveenoughtomakeanoverseasmoveislikelytobearisktaker.

origin
Theoriginofsomeoneorsomethingiswheretheycomefrom.

Theoriginofthehoneythatweeatisfromabeehive.


exclusive
[
ks'klu
s
v]Keepingoutallbutafewpeople.
Ifsomethingisexclusive,itisexpensiveandonlyforrichpeople.

Thegolfcoursewassoexclusivethatmostpeoplehadntevenheardofit
.

hint
Ahintisinformationthatsuggestssomethingwillhappenoristrue.

Iquietlypassedonahinttomysisteraboutthetest.

Expeditiously

adverb
[
eksp
'd

sl
]
Quicklyandefficiently
.
Usingcarrierpigeons,themilitarycommandersexchangedmessagesexpeditiously.
expeditious
:
adjectiveformal:
UK/
eksp
d

s/:
quickandeffective
Synonymsandrelatedwords:Usefulandeffectiveandworkingcorrectly:impactful,scalable,
useful...

anger
:Toangersomeoneistomakethemmad.
Itangersmewhenpeoplearerude.
anger
noun[U]US/

r/
the
feeling
peoplegetwhensomething
unfair,
painful,or
bad
happens:
Youneedto
control
youranger.
He
yelledattheminanger.
>a
strong
feelingthatmakesyou
wantto
hurtsomeoneorbe
unpleasantbecauseofsomething
unfairor

unkindthathas
happened:
I
thinkhe
feelsalotofangertowardshis
father,who
treatedhimvery
badlyasa
child.
Thereisa
dangerthatangeratthenew
lawmay
turnintoantigovernment
feeling.
The
people
showedno
surpriseorangerat
their
treatment.
He
foundithardto
contain(=
control)hisanger.
Moreexamples
Her
cheekswere
aflamewithanger.
Weare
demonstratingtoshow
ourangerand
disgustatthe
treatmentof
refugees.
His
apologytookthe
edgeoffheranger.
Thenew
tax
causeda
huge
amountof
publicanger.
Her
comments
provokedan
outburstofangerfromthe
boss.
verb[T]UK/
.
r/US/
.

/
tomakesomeone
angry:
The
remarkangeredhim.
Italwaysangersmeto
seesomuch
waste.
His
constant
complainingonlyangeredher

Mad
:adjective/md/(comparative
madder
,superlative
maddest
)
>
angry
:
bravo,furioso
Wereyourparentsmadatyouwhenyoucamehomelate?

>mainlyUK(USusuallycrazy)
mentallyill:
louco
IthinkImgoingmad.
>mainlyUKinformal(USusuallycrazy)
stupid
:
louco,doido
Youaremadtowalkhomealoneatnight.
bemadaboutsomeone/somethingmainlyUKinformal(USusuallybecrazyabout
someone/something)
>
tolovesomeoneorsomething:
serloucoporalgum/algo
Aliismadaboutskiing.
gomad
UKinformal:
tobecomeveryangry
:ficarbravo,ficarfurioso
Dadwillgomadwhenhefindsoutyoutookthecar.
likemad
informal:Ifyourun,work,etc.likemad,youdoitveryquickly.comoumlouco
(as)madasahatter/Marchhare
extremelysillyorstupid
loucodepedra

to
invoke
[
n'vuk]Tocallonforsupport
Inmanyreligions,believersinvoketheirgodbyholdingouttheirhands.

pat
:topatsomethingistohititsoftlywithyourhand.
Ipattedsomelotionontomyface.

to
coerce
[ku'

s]Toforcetoputpressureonsomeonetodosomething.
Acriminalsconfessionisnotusableincourtifthepolicecoercehimorherintogivingit
.

delinquency
[d
'l
kwn(t)s
]Seriousmisbehaviornotdoingwhatoneshoulddo

a
burden
['b

dn]Somethingthatiscarriedasourceofstressorworry
noun/
b

dn/
somethingdifficultorunpleasantthatyouhavetodealwithorworryabout
obrigao,estorvo,fardo,peso.
theburdenofresponsibility
IdhatetobeaburdentoyouwhenImolder.
Thedonkeywalkedslowlyundertheburdenofitsheavyload.
Thefailingcompanyfacedtheburdenofbaddebtsandapoorreputation.

be
inclinedto
[
n'kla
nd]Tofavoranopinionoracourseofaction

to
resign
[r
'za
n]Toquitonesjob
Becauseofcontroversyoverhisleadershipstyle,Mortonresignedfromhisjobaspresident.
Toresignmeanstoquitajob.
AfterIofficiallyresignedfromwork,Isaidgoodbyetomyboss.
toofficiallytellyouremployerthatyouareleavingyourjob.
renunciar,demitirse.
MrAitkenhasresignedfromthecompany.

resignyourselftosomething
:phrasalverbwithresign/r

za
n/verb
tomakeyourselfacceptsomethingbadbecauseyoucannotchangeit.
resignarseaalgo
.
Heresignedhimselftolivingalone.
Resignation.
noun/
rez

ne

n/
theactoftellingyouremployerthatyouareleavingyourjob.
renncia,demisso.aletterof
resignation
.
Ihandedinmyresignationyesterday.
[noplural]theactofacceptingsomethingbadbecauseyoucannotchangeit.
resignao

buoy
:Abuoyisafloatingsignthatwarnsboatsofdangerousareas.
Dontsteertheboatnearthosebuoys.Therearerocksunderneaththewater.
afloatingobjectusedinwatertomarkdangerousareasforboats.
boia

to
dispose

of
[d
s'puz]Tothrowawaytogetridoftokill
PHRASALVERB
disposeof[TRANSITIVE]
>disposeofsomething:togetridofsomethingthatyounolongerneedorwant:
replace,throw
away,shed
..
Pleasedisposeofalllitterinthecontainersprovided.
>disposeofsomething:toremovesomethingsuchasaproblembydealingwithitsuccessfully:
cope,overcome,carryoff...
Mostcomplaintscanbedisposedofprettyquickly.
>disposeofsomeone:tokillsomeone:kill,murder,strangle...
disposeofsomeone:todefeatsomeoneinagame,competition,etc.:defeat,win,beat..
GhanahaddisposedofTogowitha10victory.
Disposeofshouldbelearnedasaunit.Inthismeaning,disposedoesnotoccurwithoutof.
Shedisposedofherunwantedpossessionsbeforemoving.
Thetyrantcruellydisposedofallhisenemies.

mere
:Whensomethingismere,itissmallornotimportant.
Welostthegamebyameretwopoints.

prod
:toprodmeanstopushsomeoneorsomethingwithafingerorpointedobject.

Thebullyproddedmeinthechestwithhisfinger.
Prod
:
verb
[I/T]us/pr
d/(dd)
to
pushsomethingorsomeonewith
your
fingerorwithan
object:[T]
The
barberproddedthebackofRays
head.
Iproddedherinthebacktogether
attention.
Sheproddedthe
cakewithher
forkto
seeifitwas
cooked.
Heproddedatthe
fishwithhis
forkafew
times,buthedidn't
eata
mouthful.

Toprodsomeoneisto
encourage

someonetotake
action,especiallywhenthe
personis
slow
or
unwilling:[I]
No
matterhowmuchIprodhewillnot
tellmewhat
happened.
Hegetsthingsdone,butonlyafterI'veproddedhimintodoingthem.

Prod:
noun
[C]us/pr
d/
[C]an
actof
pushingsomethingorsomeonewith
your
fingerorwitha
pointed
object:
Hegaveheraprodinthe
ribs.
[S]
encouragementtodosomething:
Shehasn't
orderedthat
bookforme
yetImustgiveheraprod.
The
protestswereaprodfor
Congressto
debatethe
issue.

courtyard
:Acourtyardisanoutdoorareathatissurroundedbythewallsofabuilding.
Duringthesummer,thecourtyardisaniceplacetohavelunch.
ptio

limb
:Alimbisalargebranchonatree.

Themonkeysatonthetreelimbandenjoyedapieceoffruit.

>anarm,oraleg
Sherestedhertired,achinglimbs.
anartificiallimb
>alargebranchonatree

Branch
:Abranchisthepartofatreewithleaves.
Themonkeywashangingfromabranchonthetree.
branch/br

n(t)
/
noun
partofatreewhichgrowsoutfromthetrunkorfromabough:
Sophiewasinthebranchesofa
treeeatinganapple
lateralextensionorsubdivisionextendingfromthemainpartofariver,road,railway,etc.
a
branchoftheClintonRiver
divisionorofficeofalargebusinessororganization,operatinglocallyorhavingaparticular
function:
hewenttoworkatourBirminghambranch
conceptualsubdivisionofafamily,subject,groupoflanguages,etc.
abranchofmathematics
calledgraphtheory

verb[noobject]
(Ofaroadorpath)divideintooneormoresubdivisions:followthistracksouthuntilitbranches
intotwo
(branchoff)Divergefromthemainrouteorpart:theroadbranchedoffatthemarkettown
(branchout)Extendorexpandonesactivitiesorinterestsinanewdirection:thecompanyis
branchingoutintoEurope
(Ofatreeorplant)bearorsendoutbranches:thisrosehasatendencytobranchandspreadat
thetop(asadjectivebranching)thebranchingheadsoflargeyellowdaisies


branchlet
/
br

n(t)
lt/noun
branchlikeadjective
branchy
/
br

n(t)
i/adjective

flint
:flintisahardstonethatpeopleusedtomakeweaponsforhunting.
Therearealotofflinttoolsinthemuseum.

decent
:Whensomethingisdecent,itisOKorgoodenough.
Ericdidadecentjobpaintingthefence.

linguistic
:Ifsomethingislinguistic,thenitisconcernedwithlanguage.
Alinguisticwayofstudyingculturefocusesonwordswithinthatculture.

proportion
:Aproportionisanamountthatshowsthelinkbetweenthepartsandthewhole.
Onlyasmallproportionofthepeopleinthistownactuallyworkhere.

trust
:Totrustistobelievethatsomeoneishonestandwilldowhatisright.
Itrustmyfriendstheydon'ttellmysecretstootherpeople.

rapid
:Whensomethingisrapid,itmovesorchangesveryquickly.
Hismotherwassurprisedbyherson'srapidgrowth.

admiral
:Anadmiralissomeonewhocontrolsmanymilitaryships.
Theywontheseabattlebecauseoftheadmiral'sgreatleadership.

flu
:Thefluisatypeofsicknessthatmakesyoufeelweakoryourbodyhurt.
Sincehehadtheflu,hefeltmiserable.

Saturated
:Ifsomethingissaturated,itiscompletelywet.
Leighshairbecamesaturatedintherainstorm.
saturate

verb
/
st
re
t/(presentparticiplesaturating,pasttenseandpastparticiple
saturated)
tomakesomethingcompletelywet.
saturar,empapar,encharcar
.
Heavyrainhadsaturatedtheplayingfield.

bench
:Abenchisalongseatfortwoormorepeople.
Mostparkshavebenchesforcitizenstorelaxupon.

dominant
:Whensomeoneorsomethingisdominant,theyarestrongerthanothers.
Thegorillaisoneofthedominantanimalsinthejungle.

Jungle
:noun/
d

l/:anareaoflandinahotcountrywheretreesandplantsgrowclose
together.
selva
.

prestige
:Ifapersonhasprestige,peopleadmireorrespectthem.
Theyoungactressgainedmuchprestigeaftershewonanaward.
TheGrassleysenjoyedtheprestigeoflivinginthehistorictown,buttheydidnotfeelathome
there.

3deabrilde2016

sparkle
/
sprk()l/verb[noobject]
Shinebrightlywithflashesoflight:
herearringssparkledassheturnedherhead
Bevivaciousandwitty:
afteraglassofwine,shebegantosparkle.
Synonyms.belivel:bevivacious,beanimated,beebullient,beexuberant,bebubbly,be
effervescent,bewitty,befulloflife
brilliant,dazzling,scintillating,exciting,exhilarating,stimulating,invigorating
vivacious:lively,vibrant,animated
Noun:Aglitteringflashoflight
:therewasasparkleinhiseyes.
Thegirlhadbrightpinkhairthatdullycaughtthelight,reflectingamillionglitteringsparkles.
Glitteringjewelsandsparklesdecoratedthefrontofthedressandcontrastedtheredruby
thathungagainstherneck.
Theroomisgoldandsparklesinthesoftlightofcandlesandelectricity.
Vivacityandwit:
shesgotakindofsparkle
Hiscricketandhispersonalityweremarkedbycharmandsparkle.
Theentireperformancewasimbuedwithsparkleandlan.
Shewastiny,pretty,andvivacious,hersparklecompensatingforalackofeducation.

slight
adjective[er/estonly]us/sl

t/
slight
adjective
[er/estonly](SMALLINAMOUNT)

smallin
amountor
degree:
He
speakswithaslight
French
accent.
Shehadaslight
cold,butwasnt
feelingtoo
bad.
>slightadjective[er/estonly](THIN)
(of
people)
thinand
delicate:
Hewasa
youngmanofslight
buildwith
sensitive
eyesand
expressive

hands.
Slight
verb
[T]us/sl

t/
slightverb[T](INSULT)
to
insultsomeonebynot
paying
attentionorby
treatingthe
personas
unimportant:Heslighted
his
wifeby
neglectingto
introduceher.

flame
noun[C/U]us/fle
m/

flame
noun
[C/U](LIGHT)
the
hot
lightofa
fire:[U]
The
logsinthe
fireplace
burstintoflame.The
housewasinflames
(=
burning).

flame
verb
us/fle
m/
flameverb(BURN)
[I]to
burn
brightlyormore
brightly:
The
fire
suddenlyflamed(up).
flameverb(SHOWANGER)
[I/T]toshow
angerby
turning
red:[I]
His
faceflamedandhe
started
stammering.
[I/T]Ifyouflamesomeoneyou
disagreewith,you
send
insulting
electronic
messagesabout
that
personoverthe
Internet:[T]
Hewasflamedbyseveralother
peopleinthe
chat
room.

trumpery
:/
trmp()r/archaic
noun(pluraltrumperies)
Attractivearticlesoflittlevalueoruse.
Allalongtheextentofthecorridor,inlittlealcoves,therearestallsofshops,kept
principallybywomen,who,asyouapproach,areseenthroughtheduskofferingforsale
multifarioustrumpery.
The2000orsomercersincludedgreatmerchantsengagedininternationaltradeand
smalltraderssellingtrumperyobjectsfromtheirshops.
Practicesorbeliefsthataresuperficiallyorvisuallyappealingbuthavelittlerealvalueorworth.
Anassertionofabsolutemoralsuperiorityintheformofblackshirtednuclearfamilies
spiritualtrumperyviabreeding.
entulho,imitaodejoias,mercadoriainferior,refugo,ouropel
adjective
Showybutworthless:trumperyjewelry
Moreexamplesentences
Descriptionsoftheartistinhispaintingroomuptohisearsinthetrumperyhehadbeen
collectingformanyayearincludethesepanels,whichhehopedtouseinsomewaythat
mayaddtotheirvalue.
Agipsyboy,withwhomIwasonfriendlyterms,usedtotravelaboutthispartofthe
countrysellingtrumperybroochesandornaments.

Delusiveorshallow:thattrumperyhopewhichletsusdupeourselves
WeneednotneglectallourworkforatrumperyincidentofthisnaturethoughIamquite
awarethatlittlethingspleaselittleminds.
Deploringthedamagedonebygulfsbetweencreedsandcultures,heopensupa
crevassebetweentheseeminglyseriousintentofhisnovelandthetrumperynatureofits
techniques.

worthless
:/
w
l
s/adjective
Havingnorealvalueoruse:
thatpromiseisworthless
Howcouldheputavalueonsomethingthathebelievedtobeworthless?
(Ofaperson)havingnogoodqualitiesdeservingcontempt:

Joanhadbeendesertedbyaworthlesshusband
Manypeoplehavebeentoldtheyareworthlessorthatitisimpossibleforthemto
change.
WithoutherIwouldnothavedevelopedasaperson,wouldstillbeconvincedthatIam
worthless.
worthlessly
:/
w
lsli/adverb

Doyouknowhowthatfeels,tobetossedasideworthlessly?
worthlessness
:/
w
lsns/noun

Regardlessofherwellgroomedsurroundingsandwelldefinedsenseofpurpose,she
saysthatearlyinhercareershewouldstumbleonnaggingthoughtsofworthlessness.

Kind:

adjective
havingorshowingafriendly,generous,andconsideratenature.
shewasagood,kindwoman.
Noun
agroupofpeopleorthingshavingsimilarcharacteristics.
allkindsofmusic
synonyms:sort,type,variety,style,form,class,category,genre,genus,species,race,breed,
kind
adjective/ka
nd/
A2doingthingstohelpothersandshowingthatyoucareaboutthem.
bondoso,gentil,amvel
.
Yourmotherwasverykindtous.Itwasverykindofyoutocomeandseeme.
Oppositeunkind

punctual
:Whensomeoneispunctual,theydosomethingorarriveattherighttime.
Mymotherhatesbeinglate.SheisthemostpunctualpersonIknow.

society
:societyispeopleandthewaythattheylive.
societyexpectspeopletobegoodandhonest.

gratify
:Togratifysomeonemeanstopleasethem.
Bonniewasgratifiedafterreceivinghergiftfromherparents
satisfazer,agradar,gratificar,recompensar
.

dynasty
:Adynastyisaseriesofrulerswhoareallfromthesamefamily.
TheancientEgyptianshadadynastythatlastedformanyyears.

supplement
:Tosupplementsomethingistoaddsomethingelsetoitinagoodway.
Hesupplementshisdietwithfreshfruits.

arrange
:Toarrangethingsistoputthemintherightplace.
Pleasearrangethebowlingpinsinordersowecanplay.

assert
:Toassertafactorbeliefmeanstostateitwithconfidence.

Heassertedthathismotherscookingwasbetterthanhisbestfriends.
afirmar,declarar,reivindicar,asseverar,reclamar

secrecy
:secrecyisthebehaviorofkeepingthingssecret.
Thesecrecyofthebigorganizationmadethegovernmentnervous.

original
:Ifsomethingisoriginal,itisthefirstoneofthatthing.
ThisistheoriginalpaintingoftheMonaLisa.

furious
:Ifyouarefurious,youareextremelyangry.
Myfatherwasfuriouswhenhereadmybadschoolreport.

scare
:Toscaresomeoneistomakethemfeelafraid.
Myunclewasscaredbywhathesawintheroom.
scareverb/sker/(presentparticiplescaring,pasttenseandpastparticiplescared)
tofrightenapersonoranimal.assustar.
Suddenloudnoisesscareme.

noise
:Anoiseisanunpleasantsound.
Thecryingbabymadealoudnoise.

patent
:Apatentisarighttobetheonlypersonallowedtomakeorsellanewproduct.
Hequicklyestablishedapatentforhisbrilliantinvention.

mood
:Amoodisthewaysomeoneisfeeling.
IaminagoodmoodbecauseIdidwellonmymathtest.

scorn
:Toscornsomeonemeanstobehavewithoutrespecttowardthem.
Thecriminalwasscornedbyeveryoneinthecommunity.

overwhelm
:Tooverwhelmistoexistinsuchalargeamountthatsomeonecannotdealwithit.
Theamountofhomeworkherteacherassignedhasoverwhelmedher.
sobrecarregar

evidence
:evidenceisafactorthingthatyouusetoprovesomething.
HeusedthepicturesasevidencethatUFOsarereal.

task
:Ataskisapieceofworktobedonethatisusuallydifficult.
Mytaskfortheweekendwastocleantheentirebackyard.
task/t

sk/noun
Apieceofworktobedoneorundertaken:
anewmanagerwasgiventhetaskofdevelopingtheclubstalent
Youarenotafraidoftakingondifficulttasksorventuresthatcallforskillfulmanoeuvres.

Childrenmustbeatleast13beforetheycanlegallyworkandeventhencanonly
undertakelighttasks.
Thestaffcouldbeusedweeklyormonthlytoundertakeroutineandrepetitivetasks.
verb[withobject]
Assignataskto:NATOtroopsaretaskedwithseparatingthewarringparties
WhilePorterheadsforthemainlandtogettheboatrepaired,Sandyistaskedwithaload
ofchores.
Makegreatdemandson(someonesresourcesorabilities):ittaskedhisdiplomaticskilltoeffect
hisdepartureinsafety
Whentaskingyourresources,makesuretheplanisfeasible.
Phrases
takesomeonetotask
Reprimandorcriticizesomeoneseverelyforafaultormistake:hetooksomemilitary
expertstotaskfortheiroptimisticpredictions
WehavehadthisblipandwedonotcriticisethePTAfortakingustotaskaboutit.
ThatistheonlyreasonIcanthinkoftoexplainwhyhehasnotbeentakentotaskmore
severelybythemedia.
Andsomecriticswillthentakeustotaskforfloutingordinaryusage.

meteorology
:meteorologyisthesciencethatstudiestheweather.
Inordertounderstandtheweather,youhavetostudymeteorology.

mutual
:Ifsomethingismutual,itisfeltinthesamewaybytwoormorepeople.
RobertlikesSarah.Thefeelingismutual.,

elementary
:Whensomethingiselementary,itisthefirstormostsimplething.
Childrengotoelementaryschoolbeforehighschool.

joint
:Ajointisaplaceofthebodywherethebonesmeet,suchastheknee.
Twoimportantbonesinyourlegmeetatajointinyourknee.

bone
:
osso,chifre
.

pier
:Apierisastructurethatextendsintoabodyofwater.
Ifyouwanttocatchbiggerfish,thengotothefarendofthepier.

obscure
:Ifsomethingisobscure,itisnotwellknown.
Theoldmantravelstheworldinsearchofobscurebooks.

dictate
:Todictatesomethingistoreaditaloudsoitcanbewrittendown.
Hedictatedhisspeechsohissecretarycouldwriteitdown.

independence
:independenceisthestateofbeingfreefromthecontrolofothers.

Afterleavinghome,Sophiahadagreatfeelingofindependence.

predict
:Topredictsomethingistosaythatitwillhappen.
ShepredictedthatIwouldgetmarriednextyear.

center
:Thecenterofsomethingisthemiddleofit.
Thecenterofadartboardisthemostimportantspot.

Dart
:
dart

verb
/d

t/tomovesomewherequicklyandsuddenly.
precipitarse
.
Acatdartedacrossthestreet.
dart

noun
/d

t/asmallarrowusedinthegameofdartsorasaweapon.
dardo
.
atranquillizerdart
darts
[noplural]agameplayedbythrowingsmallarrowsataroundboard.
dardos
.

Spot
:local,ponto,lugar,mancha,marca,sitio,regiao

bully
:Abullyisapersonwhoismeantoothers.
Thetwobulliesalwayspickedonthesmaller,weakerkids.

mean
:informal
cruel
,or
unkind
Synonimous:feral,cruel,unkind...
Ourteacherswerejustmean.
bemeantosomeone:
Dontbesomeantoyoursister.
angryandviolent

ameanlookinhiseye
ameanhorse
Britishnotwillingtospendmoney.TheusualAmericanwordischeap
Shewastoomeantoputtheheatingon.
Synonymsandrelatedwords:Carefulwithmoney:thrifty,economical,frugal..
mainlyliterarytypicalofthelivingconditionsandenvironmentofpoorpeople
ameanlittlehouse
meanstreets
Synonymsandrelatedwords:Poor:brassic,thepoor,impoverished...
mathscalculatedbyaddingseveralnumberstogetheranddividingthetotalbytheoriginal
numberofthingsyouaddedtogether
Calculatethemeandistancetravelled.
Synonymsandrelatedwords:Wordsusedtodescribenumbers:annualized,average,binary..
[onlybeforenoun]informalexcellent,orskilful
Sheplaysameangameoftennis.
Synonymsandrelatedwords:Skilfulandable:street,transliterate,able...
Synonymsandrelatedwords:Extremelygoodorofahighquality:excellent,exceptional,
highgrade...
derivedwords

meanlyadverb
meannessnoun[uncountable]
Synonymsandrelatedwords:Cruel,selfishandunkindbehaviouroractions:cruelty,evil,
abuse...

exceed
:Toexceedistobemorethansomething.
SinceIexceededmylimit,Idecidedtogetridofmycreditcards.

dye
:Todyesomethingistomakeitacertaincolorbyusingaspecialchemical.
Valerygotherhairdyedatthesalonyesterday.

perfect
:Ifsomethingisperfect,thenitiswithoutanymistakes.
Shegotallthequestionsright,soherscorewasperfect.

cotton
:cottonisaclothmadefromthefibersofthecottonplant.
Iliketowearclothesmadefromcottoninthesummer.

gentleman
:Agentlemanisaniceman.
Mygrandfatherisakindandhelpfulgentleman.

tuck
:Totucksomethingmeanstoputitsomewheresothatitisneatorsafe.
Helookedsloppywithouthisshirtbeingtuckedintohispants.
botarparadentro

neat
:carefullyarranged
simplebutintelligent
smallandpleasing
drink:notmixed
good/nice
Pronunciation:/ni
t/
adjective
Arrangedinatidywayingoodorder:
thebookshadbeenstackedupinneatpiles
(Ofaperson)habituallytidy,smart,orwellorganized:
herdaughterwasalwaysneatandclean
Havingapleasingappearancewellformed:
Alannoteddowntheordersinhisneat,precise
script
Donewithordemonstratingskillorefficiency:
aneatbitofdeduction
Tendingtodisregardspecificsforthesakeofconveniencefacile:
thisneatdivisiondoesnot
takeintoaccountahostofassociatedfactors
(Ofliquid,especiallyspirits)notdilutedormixedwithanythingelse:
hedrankneatScotch
NorthAmericaninformalVerygoodexcellent:
Itooklessonsintrackingfromthisreallyneat
Indianguide

sloppy
:
desleixado


smell
:Tosmellsomethingmeanstouseyournosetosenseit.
Thetwofriendssmelledtheflower.

boost
:Toboostsomethingmeanstoincreaseorimproveit.
Loweringpricesboostscustomersinterestinshopping.

coast
:Thecoastisthelandbyanocean.
IstayedonthesoutherncoastofAustralia.

testify
:Totestifymeanstogiveevidenceasawitness.
Thejudgelistenedwhilethevictimtestifiedabouttherobbery.

straw
:Astrawisathintubethatisusedtosuckliquidintothemouth.
Idranktheorangejuicethroughastraw.

drop
:Todropistofallorallowsomethingtofall.
Asmallamountofwaterdroppedfromthebottle.

ambitious
:Ifsomeoneisambitious,theywanttoberichorsuccessful.
Kendrahadtobeambitioustogetintomedicalschool.

portray
:Toportraysomethingmeanstodescribeitorshowitinapicture.
Herpictureportrayedthehouseshegrewupinwhenshewaslittle.

avoid
:Toavoidsomethingistostayawayfromit.
avoidthebrokenbottleonthefloor.

likely
:Ifsomethinglikelyhappens,itwillprobablyhappen.
IwilllikelystayathomeandwatchTVtonight.

strip
:Astripisalong,narrowpieceofmaterialorland.
Hehadlongstripsoffilmthatheldimagesofhistripabroad.

evil
:evildescribessomethingorsomeonebadorcruel,notgood.
Theevilfigurescaredusall.

naval
:Whensomethingisnaval,itrelatestoacountrysnavyormilitaryships.
Thecountrysentallofitsnavalforcestoprotectthem.

lush
:Ifsomethingislush,thenitisfullofavarietyoflarge,healthyplants.
Thelushjunglewasfilledwithplants,trees,andvines.

vine
:

happen
:Ifsomeonehappenstodosomething,theydoitbychance.
Ihappentomeetsomenewfriendsatschooltoday.
happenverb[I]us/
hpn/
happenverb[I](HAVEEXISTENCE)
(ofa
situationor
event)tocomeinto
existence
occur:Ifyou
wantto
knowwhatishappening
inthe
world,youhaveto
readthe
newspapers.Noone
knows
exactlywhathappened,but
several
peoplehavebeen
hurt.
Ifa
situationor
eventhappenstosomeoneorsomething,ithasan
effectonthat
personor
thing:WhathappenedtoPhil?I
thoughthewouldbeherebynow.

happenverb[I](CHANCE)
todoorbeby
chance:[+toinfinitive]Ihappenedtocome
acrossthis
bookI
thinkyouwould
like.[+toinfinitive]Ihappento
thinkhes
right(=Ido,
although
othersmaynot).

stab
:Tostabmeanstocutsomeoneorsomethingwithasharpobjectlikeaknife.
Hestabbedtheforkintothepotatoandpassedittohisdaughter.

tramp
:Totrampistoputyourfeetdowninaloud,heavywayasyouwalk.
Thebabytrampedacrossthefloorashewaslearningtowalk.
walkheavilyornoisily.
"hetrampedaroundtheroom"

honor
:Whenyouhonorpeopleorthings,youshowrespectforthem.
Ihonormyscienceteacherbyworkinghardinclass.

interfere
:tointerfereistocauseproblemsandkeepsomethingfromhappening.
MylittlesisteralwaysinterfereswhenI'mtryingtostudy.
intrometerse

rainforest
:Arainforestisaforestthatisinaplacewhereitrainsveryoften.
Therainforestishometomanyanimals.

apart
:Whenpeopleorthingsareapart,theyarenotclosetogether.
Thecoupledecidedtoliveapartfromeachother.

guideline
:Aguidelineisaruleabouthowtodosomething.
Beforetheybegantheproject,theteachergavethemsomeguidelines.

overcome
:Toovercomeaproblemistosuccessfullyfixit.
Sheovercamehershynessandspokeinfrontoftheclass.

Ilearnedtocovermypainsandovercamemypovertywithhardworkandanewhopeformy
future.
Glasgowisworkinghardtoovercometheseproblemsandthecityisundergoingrapideconomic
change.
Manygovernmentsaretryingtoovercometheirproblemsandsomearesucceeding.

survive
:Tosurviveistostayalive.(despitesomedangerorillness)
Mydogsurvivedherfallintothewater.

beyond
:IfAisbeyondB,Aisfartheraway.
John'shouseisbeyondthatlake.

acid
:Anacidisachemicalthatcanburnordissolveothersubstances.
Inchemistryclass,wemixedtwoacidstogetherandwatchedthereaction

prince
:Aprinceisthesonofaking.
Theprinceandtheprincessweremarried.

devil
:Thedevilisapowerfulevilspiritinsomereligions.
Thechurchpromisedprotectionfromthedevil.

occur
:Tooccurmeanstohappen.
Whendidthethunderstormoccur?

terminal
:Ifsomethingisterminal,thenitcausesorresultsindeath.
Sincehisconditionwasnotterminal,hefeltagreatsenseofrelief.
Terminal['t

m
n()l]
Locatedatanendapproachingdeath

Relief
:
noun
[noplural]/r

li
f/thegoodfeelingthatyouhavewhensomethingbadstopsor
doesnothappen.
alvio
.
Itwassuchareliefwhentheexamswereover.

dive
:Todiveistojumpintowater.
Iwilldiveintothelakeoncewegetthere.

4deabrilde2016
farther
adjective,adverb/
f

r/comparativeoffar:moredistant.comparativodefar:
maisdistante,maislonge.

Icouldntwalkanyfarther.

loud
.adjective/la
d/makingalotofnoise.alto,forte,sonoro.aloudnoise.aloudvoice.
loudly
/
la
dli/adverb.alto,comfora,sonoramenteTheywerealltalkingloudly.
loudness
/
la
dns/noun[noplural]intensidade,fora,sonoridade

Flap
:Toflapmeanstomovequicklyupanddownorfromsidetoside.
Thetinybirdflappeditswingsandatefromtheflowers.

within
:Youusewithintosaythatsomethingisinsideanotherthing.
withinthebox,therewasapizza.

surface
:Thesurfaceofsomethingisthetoppartoroutsideofit.
Thesurfaceofthemoonisveryrough.

predator
:Apredatorisananimalthatkillsandeatsotheranimals.
Theperegrinefalconisapredatorthateatsfish.

audience
:Anaudienceisagroupofpeoplewhowatchsomethingtogether.
Therewasalargeaudienceatthegame.

federation
:Afederationisagroupofstatesorbusinessesworkingforacommoncause.
TheUnitedNationsisafederationdesignedtopreventwar,disease,andfamine.

famine
:
noun
/
fm
n/alackoffoodforalongtimeinaparticularplacefome
famished
:adjective/
fm

t/informal:extremelyhungry.mortodefome,comfomedeleo.
Havesomedinnerwithusyoumustbefamished!

reply
:Toreplyistogiveananswerorsaybacktosomeone.
Sheaskedhimwhattimehismeetingwas.Hereplied,atthree.

flee
:tofleemeanstorunawayfromtroubleordanger.
Thecrowdofmentriedtofleefromthedanger.

substitute
:Tosubstitutesomethingorsomeonemeanstohavethemtaketheplaceofanother.
WhenIranoutofjuice,Ihadtosubstitutewatertodrinkinthemorning.

substance
:Asubstanceisanyspecificmaterialormixtureofmaterials.
Waterisanimportantsubstanceforalllivingthings.

foster
:Tofosterafeelingoraskillmeanstohelpitdevelop.
Shehelpedfosterasenseofcalminthelittleboy.

glad
:Ifyouareglad,youarehappy.
Iamgladyoucametomyparty.

vain
:Ifpeoplearevain,theyareonlyconcernedwithhowtheylook.
Rebeccaissovainthatshelooksatherselfineverymirror.
vain
adjective
/ve
n/toointerestedinyourownappearanceandthinkingyouarevery
attractivevaidoso
unsuccessfulorofnovalueintilThedoctorsgavehimmorepowerfuldrugsinthevainhope
thathemightrecover.
invainwithoutanysuccessemvoItriedinvaintostartaconversation.

solemn
:Ifsomethingissolemn,thenitisseriousandhonest.
Theprofessorpreferredasolemnrelationshipbetweenhimandhisstudents.

Picked
:
pick
verb/p
k/
tochoosesomethingorsomeonepinar,escolherHewaspickedfortheschoolfootball
team.catchupphrasalverbwithcatch/kt
/verb(presentparticiplecatching,pasttense
andpastparticiplecaught)
tolearnanddiscussthenewestfactsaboutsomething
proassuntoemdia
LetsgooutforlunchIwanttocatchuponallyournews.
Illcatchupwithyoulater.
Ifyoupickflowers,fruit,etc.,youtakethemoffatreeoroutoftheground.colherIpickedsome
applesthismorning.
pickafight/anargument
tostartafightorargumentwithsomeonecomearumabriga/umadiscusso
picksomeonespocket
tostealsomethingfromsomeonespocketbateracarteiradealgum
pick
noun[noplural]/p
k/
takeyourpick
tochoosewhatyouwantfazerasuaescolhaWevegottea,coffee,orhotchocolatetake
yourpick.
asharpmetalstickusedtobreakhardgroundorrocks.picareta.

describe
:Todescribeistosayorwritewhatsomeoneorsomethingislike.
Theydescribedtheirtreeascolorfulwithgoldribbonandastar.

seizure
:Aseizureissuddenillnessinwhichthebodylosescontrolandshakes.

Brightflashinglightscancauseseizuresinchildren.

[C]
The
cat
sufferedseveralseizuresafter
eatingsome
poison.


fatigue
:fatigueisafeelingofextremetiredness.
Afterthreedayswithlittlesleep,shewasfeelingalotoffatigue.

spade
:Aspadeisatoolusedfordigging.
Thegardenerusedherspadetomakeaholefortheseed.
pparacavar
.

tomb
:Atombisagravewhereadeadpersonisburied.
Theirwholefamilyisburiedinsidethetomb.

grave
:noun/
re
v/
aplaceinthegroundwhereadeadbodyisburied.
sepultura
.
graveadjective/
re
v/
veryserious.
grave,srio
.
gravedoubts.agravemistake.

buried
:
buryverb/
beri/(presentparticipleburying,pasttenseandpastparticipleburied)
toputadeadbodyintotheground.enterrar,sepultar.Hewasburiednexttohiswife.
tohidesomethinginthegroundorundersomething.enterrar.buriedtreasure

demand
:Todemandsomethingistosaystronglythatyouwantit.
Theworkersdemandedtobepaidmoremoney.

compose
:Tocomposesomethingistomakeitfromsmallerparts.
Tonyacomposedherreportusingmanysourcesofinformation.

aside
:Ifsomeonestandsaside,theyareonortooneside.
Themanstoodasideandopenedthedoorforme.

fracture
:Afractureisacrackorbreakinsomething.
Dontstandonthattegbecausethereisafracture.Itmightgetworse.

shield
:Toshieldsomethingistoprotectit.
Sheshieldedhereyesfromthesunwithsunglasses.

palace
:Apalaceisaverylargebuilding.Itisoftenthehomeofaroyalfamily.
Thekingandqueenliveinabeautifulpalace.

bit
:Abitisasmallamountofsomething.
IateabitofchocolatebeforeIwenttobed.

originate
:Tooriginatesomewhereistostartthere.
TheideaofdemocracyoriginatedinAncientGreece.


horrified
:Ifyouarehorrified,youareshockedandfeelupset.
IwashorrifiedwhenIreadabouttheoldladywhowasattacked.

debris
:debrisisthesmallpiecesscatteredfromsomethingwreckedordestroyed.
Thedebrisfromthecubescatteredonthefloor.

persist
:Topersistmeanstokeepdoingsomethingevenwhenitishard.
Enenthoughthelessonwasdifficult,hepersisteduntilheunderstood.

medicine
:medicineissomethingyoutaketofeelbetterortreatanillness.
Thedoctorgavememedicineformycold.

astounded
:Ifyouareastounded,youareverysurprised.
IwasastoundedthatMonicawontheartcompetition.

handouts
:
handout/
handa
t/noun
quantityoffinancialorothermaterialaidgiventoapersonororganization:

dependenceoncentralgovernmenthandouts
Yettheylivefromhandouts,financedbytaxesonourhardearnedincome.
Asmycolleaguestates,alargepartofoursalarygoestowardsourpensionevery
month,andwearenotjustgiventhemoneyasagoldenhandoutfromthetaxpayer.
Thecompanyusedthesamethreatofclosuretopressuregovernmentsforfinancial
handouts.
Apieceofprintedinformationprovidedfreeofcharge,especiallytoaccompanyalectureor
advertisesomething.
Achecklistforreturningtoworkisprovidedinthepatientinformationhandoutthat
accompaniesthisarticle.
ApatientinformationhandoutaccompanyingDr.Kligler'sarticlehelpsexplainthese
effects.
LookingatthefineprintontheelectionhandoutsfortheChantandKingteams,Shaggy
spottedafamiliarnameauthorisingthem.

aid
/e
d/noun
[massnoun]Help,typicallyofapracticalnature:hesawthepilotslumpedinhiscockpitand
wenttohisaidshewalkedwiththeaidofaZimmerframe
Financialormaterialhelpgiventoacountryorareainneed:700,000tonsoffoodaid[as
modifier]:anaidagency
[countnoun]Asourceofhelporassistance:exerciseisanimportantaidtorecoveryafterheart
attacksateachingaid
historicalAgrantofsubsidyortaxtoakingorqueen.
verb[withobject]

Helporsupport(someoneorsomething)intheachievementofsomething:womenwereaided
inchildbirthbymidwives[noobject]:researchwasconductedtoaidinmakingdecisions
Promoteorencourage(something):dietandexerciseaidhealthyskin
aidandabet
inaidof
chieflyBritishInsupportofforthepurposeofraisingmoneyfor:acharityshowinaidof
LeukaemiaResearch
what's(all)thisinaidof?
BritishinformalWhatisthepurposeofthis?
Origin
LateMiddleEnglish:fromOldFrenchaide(noun),aidier(verb),basedonLatinadjuvare,from
ad'towards'+juvare'tohelp'.

AID
abbreviationArtificialinseminationbydonor.

gravel
noun[noplural]/

rvl/
smallpiecesofstoneusedtomakepathsandroads.
cascalho
.

5deabrilde2016

a
rigor
['r
g]
:
Strictnessdifficultsituationsthatcomefromfollowingrulesstrictly
rigornoun[U](CdnBrrigour)us/
r

r/
high
standards:
She
studied
waysto
improve
academicrigorinhigh
schools.
Thewrestlerfollowedhisdietwithrigor.
Therigorsofmilitarylifetoughenedtheyoungmenquickly.

rigour

noun[uncountable]rigourUK/
r

(r)/
thequalityofbeingthoroughandcareful
Hisargumentsdisplayalackofintellectualrigour.

Synonymsandrelatedwords:
Carefulthought:thought,consideration,assessment...
thequalityofbeingstrictorsevere

Thelawwasimplementedwithvaryingdegreesofrigourindifferentdistricts.

Synonymsandrelatedwords:Strictandsevere:strict,severe,stern...
rigournoun[U](SEVERITY)
the
factthat
peoplearemadeto
follow
rulesinavery
severeway:
Theywere
punishedwith
unusualrigour.
therigoursofsth
the
unpleasantor
severe
conditionsofsomething:
They
survivedtherigoursofthe
winter.
rigournoun[U](CARE)

formalapprovingthe
qualityofbeing
detailed,
careful,and
complete:Her
arguments
lacked
intellectualrigour.

adjacent
['
e
s()nt]Nextto
Adjacentisoftenfollowedbyto.
Eventhoughthevillagesareadjacenttoeachother,theirresidentsspeakdifferentlanguages.

indisputable
[

nd
'spju
tbl]Beyonddoubtunquestionable
Themembersofthejuryfoundherguiltybecausetheyfoundthefactsofthecaseindisputable.
indisputableadjective[notgradable]us/

nd

spjut
bl/

obviously
true:anindisputable
fact
indisputably
adverb[notgradable]us/

nd

spjut
bli/

Heisindisputablyoneofthe
finest
baseball
players
ever

Turtle
:
turtlenoun/
t

tl/
ananimalwithfourlegsandahardshellthatlivesmainlyinwater.
tartarugamarinha
.

Tortoise
noun[C]us/
t
rt
s/
a
turtle,esp.onethat
livesonlyon
land

solidarity
[
s
l
'dr
t
]Standingtogetherdespitepressuretomoveapart
noun[U]us/
s
l
dr
t
i/uk/
s
l.

dr..ti/
agreementbetweenand

supportforthe
membersofa
group,
especiallya
political
group:
The
situation
raises
important
questionsaboutsolidarityamong
member
statesoftheUN.
The
purposeofthe
speechwastoshowsolidaritywiththecountry's
leaders.
Hundredsof
supporters
gatheredtoshowsolidarityforthethreemen.
Solidarityisusuallyusedinpoliticalcontexts.
ManystudentgroupsdeclaredsolidaritywiththeLatinoStudentAssociationintheirefforttoget
aSpanishspeakingprincipal.

an
atheist
:['e

st]Onewhodoesnotbelieveintheexistenceofasupremebeing.
Hearguedthathisscientifictrainingmadeitimpossibleforhimtobeanythingbutanatheist.

a
connotation
[
k
n'te

()n]Ameaningimplied,notstateddirectly
noun[C]uk/
k
n.
te
.
n/us/
k

.n
te
.
n/
a
feelingor
ideathatis
suggestedbya
particularword
althoughitneednotbea
partofthe
word's
meaning,orsomething
suggestedbyan
objector
situation:
Theword"
lady"hasconnotationsof
refinementand
excessive
femininitythatsomewomen
find
offensive.

"Resolute"
means
stubborn,butwithamore
positiveconnotation.
connoteverb[T]uk/k
n
t/us/k
no
t/formal

Tome,
chocolateconnotes
pleasureand
indulgence.

a
dimension
:[d(a)
'men
()n]
Adirectionorsurfacealongwhichsomethingcanbemeasuredanaspect

an
anesthesia
[
n
s'i
z
]
Techniquesforreducingsensationandfeeling,especiallytocontrolpain
Anesthesiaandanestheticareoftenusedinterchangeably.
TheCivilWarwasthefirstAmericanwarwhenanesthesiawaswidelyusedinsurgeryon
soldiers
.

an
abduction
[b'd
k
()n]Kidnapping
Piratesgotmanycrewmembersbyabduction,snatchingunluckycitizensfromseaporttowns.
Abduction
nounuk/b
d
k.
n/us/b
d
k.
n/
abduction
noun(TAKINGPERSON)
[CorU]the
actofmakinga
persongo
somewherewithyou,
especiallyusing
threatsor
violence:Therehasbeena

seriesofabductionsof
young
childrenfrom
schoolsinthe
area.He
was
chargedwithabduction.
abduction
noun(MOVEMENTOFBODYPART)
[U]specializedmedicalthe
movementofa
partofthe
bodyawayfromthe
central
partofthe
bodyorfromanother

body
part:
hipabduction
exercises

Adduction
noun[U]uk/
d
k.
n/us/
d
k.
n/specialized
the
movementofa
partofthe
bodytowardsthe
middleofthe
bodyortowardsanother
body
part:An

abduction
pillowisusedto
preventadductionofthe
hip.

Kidnapping
noun/
k
dnp
/
acrimeinwhichsomeoneiskidnapped.
sequestro
kidnap
verb/
k
dnp/(presentparticiplekidnapping,pasttenseandpastparticiple
kidnapped)
totakesomeoneawayusingforce.sequestrar
kidnapper/
k
dnpr/noun
sequestrador,ora

to
coincide
[
ku
n'sa
d]Happenorexistatthesametime

Ancestral
[n'sestrl]Relatingtofamilymembersfromearliergenerations.
Swedenismyancestralhomeland,fromwhichmygreatgrandfatheremigratedin1922.

Plunge
:[pl
n
]Togodownsuddenlytodecreasebyagreatamountinashorttime
Hejumpedoffthedivingboardandplungedintothepool.
Thevalueofthecompanysstockplungedafteritschiefexecutivewasarrested.
plunge

verb
/pl
nd
/(presentparticiple
plunging
,pasttenseandpastparticiple
plunged
)
tofallormovedownveryquicklyandwithforce.
despencar
.
Heplungedintothewater.

tofallveryquicklyinamountorvalue.
precipitarse,cairvelozmente
.
Temperaturesplungedtominus20.

freeway
:Afreewayisaroadwithnostopswherecarstravelathighspeeds.
Onceyougetonthefreeway,itonlytakesanhourtodrivetomyparentsfarm.

quite
:quiteisusedtosaythatsomethingiscompleteorverymuch.

Ithinktypingonakeyboardisquiteeasy.

quite

adverb
/kwa
t/
UK.alittleoralotbutnotcompletely.umpouco.
Imquitetired,butImhappytowalkalittle
further.
quiteabit,afew,alot,etc.
largeamountornumber.
bastante
.
Therearequiteafewlettersforyouhere.
completely.
completamente
.
Thetwosituationsarequitedifferent.
notquite
almostbutnotcompletely.
nototalmente
.
Thecoloursalmostmatchbutnotquite.

quitea
usedtotosaythatsomethingisaparticularlyimpressiveexampleofsomething.
etanto
.
Itwasquitearemarkablespeech.
Winningthiscontestwasquiteanaccomplishment.

echo
:Toechomeansthatasoundrepeatsitselfbecauseitbouncedoffanobject.
Thechildyelledoverthecanyon,andthewallechoedthesound.

repay
:Torepayistopaybackortorewardsomeoneorsomething.
Sherepayidherfriendforallofhishardworkwithasmallgift.
Repayverb/
ri

pe
/(presentparticiplerepaying,pasttenseandpastparticiplerepaid)
topaybackmoneythatyouhaveborrowed.pagar,liquidar.torepayaloan

pathological
:Whenabehaviorispathological,itisextreme,unacceptable,anduncontrollable.
Thepathologicalliarcouldnoteventellthetruthaboutunimportantmatters.
Pathologicaladjectiveus/
p
l
d

kl/
(ofa
person)
unreasonable,or
unableto
control
partofhisorher
behavior:apathological
fear
of
heightsapathological
liar
oforcausedby
disease:apathological
laboratory

whisper
:Towhispermeanstosayveryquietly.

Wehavetowhisperinthelibrarysopeoplecanfocusonreading.

whisper
verb/
w
spr/

tospeakveryquietlysothatotherpeoplecannothear.sussurrar,cochichar,falar/dizeremvoz
baixa.
Shewhisperedsomethingtothegirlsittingnexttoher.
whisper/
w
spr/noun
sussurro

set
:Tosetsomethingistoputitsomewhere.
Pleasesetthedicedownonthetable.

outrage
:outrageisaverystrongemotionofangerorshock.
Tommywasfeelingoutragewhenhisparentssaidhecouldntgotothedance.

ever
:evermeansatanytime.
GoingskiinglastwinterwasthemostfunI'veeverhad.

disrupt
:Todisruptsomethingorsomeoneistopreventthemfromworking.
Theloudcrashdisruptedtheclasslecture.
Disrupt:tointerruptsomethingandstopitfromcontinuingasitshould.
romper,interromper
.

Heavysnowdisruptedthecitystransportsystem.
Hegotintotroublefordisruptingtheclass.

vessel
:Avesselisalargeshiporboat.
Wetouredtheareaaboardaluxuryvessel.

6deabrilde2016
Hip
noun/h
p/
oneofthetwopartsofyourbodyaboveyourlegandbelowyourwaistquadril

arctic
:Ifsomethingisarctic,itisfromfarnorthneartheNorthPole.
Itiscoldwhenthearcticwindsblow.

prophet
:Aprophetisapersonchosenbyagodtogivethegodsmessagetopeople.
Haroldbelievedthathewasoneoftheprophetsofhisgod.

grove
:Agroveisasmallgroupoftrees.
Allthetreesinthisgroveareappletrees.

overall
:Whenathingistalkedaboutoverall,thewholethingisconsidered.
overall,thepartywasahugesuccess.

pulse
:Apulseisthebeatoftheheart.
Thedoctorcheckedthepatient'spulsebyfeelinghiswrist.


laughter
:laughteristhesoundproducedbylaughingaboutsomethingfunny.
Susan'sjokemadeherclassmatesburstintolaughter.

attract
:Toattractmeanstomakeapersonorthingcomecloserorbeinterested.
Themagnetattractedthemetal.

radical
:Ifsomethingisradical,itisverynewordifferent.
Thepresidentisplanningtomakesomeradicalchangestothelaw.

string
:stringisathinpieceoffabricorrope.
Ifoundalargeballofstring.
string
noun/str
/
verythinropeusedfortyingthings.
barbante
.aballofstring
apieceofwirethatispartofamusicalinstrument.corda.guitar.strings
thestrings
[plural]
thepeopleinamusicalgroupwhoplayinstrumentswithstrings,suchastheviolin.
os
instrumentosdecorda.
pullstrings
tosecretlyusetheinfluencethatyouhaveoverimportantpeopletogetsomethingortohelp
someone.
exercerinfluncia,mexerospauzinhos
.
Imaybeabletopullafewstrings,ifyouneedthemoneyurgently.

rope
:noun/r
p/
verythick,strongstring.
corda
jumprope
US(UKskip)
tojumpoveraropewhileyouortwootherpeoplemoveitoverandthenunderyourbody
againandagain.
pularcorda
.
Ijumpropefortenminuteseverydaytokeepfit.

cloth
:clothismaterialusedtomakeclothes.
Hisshirtismadeofaverysofttypeofcloth.

privacy
:Tohaveprivacyistobeawayfromotherpeople.
Pleasehangthesignonthedoorsowecanhavesomeprivacy.

thin
:Ifsomeoneorsomethingisthin,theyarenotfat.
Themanwasthinbecausehedidn'teatmuch.

consume
:toconsumesomethingmeanstoeatordrinkit.
Jackconsumedawholeplateofspaghetti.

effect
:Aneffectisachangemadebysomethingelse.

Themedicinehadagoodeffectontheboy.

spill
:Tospillistohavesomethingfalloutofitscontainer.
Ispilledthecoffeeonthetable.
spill
verb/sp
l/(pasttenseandpastparticipleUK/USspilled,UKspilt)
Ifyouspillliquid,orifitspills,itgoessomewhereyoudonotwantit.
derramar,cair.
Ispiltwinealloverthecarpet.

inform
:Toinformsomeoneistotellthemaboutsomething.
Icalledandinformedheraboutmyidea.

rubbish
:rubbishistrashorwaste.
Theflooraroundthegarbagecanwascoveredwithallkindsofrubbish.

nutrition
:nutritionistheprocessbywhichpeopleusefoodtostayhealthy.
Itisimportanttopayattentiontonutritionifyouwanttobeanathlete.

crime
:Acrimeissomethingbadthatapersondoesthatcanbepunishedbylaw.
Policequicklyarrivedatthesceneofthecrime.

culinary
:Ifsomethingisculinary,itisrelatedtocooking.
Igainedculinaryskillsafterworkinginarestaurantformanyyears.

shore
:Ashoreistheedgeofalargebodyofwater.
Alloftheboatswerefloatingneartheshore.
shorenoun/

r/
theareaoflandalongtheedgeoftheseaoralake
orla

deprive
:Todeprivesomeoneofsomethingmeanstonotletthemhaveit.
Becausethechildwasbad,shewasdeprivedofherdessertafterdinner.

distrust
:Todistrustsomeonemeanstobelievethattheyarenothonest.
Dontlendmoneytosomeoneifyoudistrustthem!

confer
:Toconferwithsomeonemeanstodiscusssomethingwiththemtomakeadecision.
IwillhavetoconferwithmywifebeforeIcanpurchaseanewcar.
conferverbus/kn
f
r/(rr)
conferverb(TALK)
[I]to
talktogetherand
exchange
ideas,oftenwiththe
intentionof
reachinga
decisionabout
something:Ineedtoconferwithmy
lawyer.
conferverb(GIVE)
[T]togivean
honor,
official
title,or
abilitytosomeone:
TheUSConstitutionconfers
certain
powersonthe
president.

An
honorary
doctoratewasconferredonhimbyColumbiaUniversity.

abuse
:Toabusesomeoneorsomethingmeanstohurtthemonpurpose.
Themeanmanabusedhisdogwhenitbarkedtooloudly.

band
:Abandisagroupofpeoplewhoplaymusic.
Mybrotherisinarockband.

vanity
:vanityisexcessiveprideorloveofonesownappearanceorthingsonehasdone.
Hervanitywontallowhertopassamirrorwithoutlookingatherself.

database
:Adatabaseisacollectionofdatathatisstoredinacomputer.
Thecompanyhasadatabaseofallthenamesandaccountsoftheircustomers.

sway
:Toswayistomoveslowlyfromsidetoside.
Sheswayedwhileshelistenedtothemusic.

vulgar
:Ifsomethingorsomeoneisvulgar,thentheyarerudeorlackinginstyle.
Hervulgarbehaviorgotherintotroublewithherparents.

timid
:Ifsomeoneistimid,theyareafraid,shy,ornervous.
Thetimidchildhidesbehindhermotherwheneversheseesastranger.

sculpture
:Asculptureisapieceofartthatismadefromwood,clay,orstone.
WesawanoldsculptureofBuddhaatthemuseum.

rectify
:Torectifysomethingmeanstocorrectit.
IquicklyrectifiedthespellingmistakesthatIhadonmyessay.

achieve
:Toachievesomethingistosuccessfullydoitaftertryinghard.
IwashappythatIcouldachievemygoal

engage
:Toengageinsomethingmeanstodoit.
Dadwasengagedinsawingapieceofwoodinhalf.

diverse
:Whenagroupofthingsisdiverse,itismadeupofawidevarietyofthings.
Bigcitieshavediversepopulationswithpeopleofdifferentracesandages.

fuel
:fuelissomethingthatcreatesheatorenergy.
Heatisthefuelthatcomesfromfire.

progress
:progressistheactofgettingclosertodoingorfinishingsomething.
Ourcompanymadefinancialprogressthisyear.


thesis
:Athesisisanideathatneedstobeproved.
Shedidnotsupportherthesisverywell.

Clay
:noun[noplural]/kle
/
aheavysoilthatishardwhenitisdry,usedformakingbricksandcontainersargila,barro

Heat
:
heatnoun/hi
t/
B1[noplural]thequalityofbeinghotorwarm.
calor
.
theheatofhisbody
B1thetemperatureofsomething.
temperatura
.
Cookoveralowheat.
theheat
B1hotweatherorhotconditions.
ocalor
.
IdratherstayindoorsIdontliketheheat.
[noplural]US(UKheating)thesystemthatkeepsabuildingwarm.
aquecimento,calefao.
Imcoldturnuptheheat.
acompetition,especiallyarace,thatdecideswhowillbeinthefinalevent.prova
classificatria.
verb/hi
t/(alsoheatup)
tomakesomethingbecomehotorwarmesquentarIlljustheatupsomesoup.

heater
noun/
hi
tr/
B1amachinethatheatsairorwater.estufa,aquecedor

Saw
:noun/s

/
atoolwithasharpedgethatyouusetocutwoodorotherhardmaterial.serra.
verb/s

/(pasttensesawed,pastparticiplesawnormainlyUSsawed)
tocutwoodorotherhardmaterialusingasaw.serrar.

Essay
:
essaynoun/
ese
/
B1ashortpieceofwritingaboutasubject,especiallyonewrittenbyastudent.redao,ensaio,
trabalhoescrito.
HewroteanessayonmodernJapaneseliterature.

Barked
:
barkverb/b

k/
Ifadogbarks,itmakesloud,shortsounds.
ladrar,latir
.

Hang
:verb/h/(presentparticiplehanging,pasttenseandpastparticiplehung)
B1tofastensomethingsothatthetoppartisfixedbutthelowerpartisfreetomove,ortobe
heldinthisway.
pendurar,estarpendurado
.
Hehunghiscoatonthehookbehindthedoor.
Agoldnecklacehungaroundherneck.

tokillsomeonebyputtingaropearoundtheirneckandmakingthemdrop.
enforcar
.

hangup
phrasalverbwithhang/h/verb(presentparticiplehanging,pasttenseandpast
participlehung)
B1tofinishtalkingonthephone.desligar.WhenIsaidwhoIwas,shejusthungup.

hangout
informalphrasalverbwithhang/h/verb(presentparticiplehanging,pasttenseandpast
participlehung)
B1tospendalotoftimeinaplaceorwithsomeonesaircomalgumIwashangingoutwithmy
friendslastnight.

Fabric
:
fabricnoun/
fbr
k/cloth.tecido.alightcottonfabric

Sights
:
Sightnoun/sa
t/
B1[noplural]theabilitytouseyoureyestosee.
viso
.
Doctorsmanagedtosavehissight.

theactofseeingsomeoneorsomething.
viso
.
Thesightofsomuchbloodshockedhim.
somethingthatyousee,especiallysomethinginteresting.
imagem
.
thesightsandsoundsof
themarket.
catchsightof
someone/something
tosuddenlyseesomeoneorsomething.
avistaralgum/algo
.IcaughtsightofTonyinthe
crowd.
insight
abletobeseenandnothiddenvistaThetowersofthecitywerenowinsight.
outofsight
hiddenforadoalcancedaviso,escondidoShekeptoutofsightbehindatree.
thesights[plural]
B1thebeautifulorinterestingplacesinacityorcountry.
oslugaresdeinteresse
.Hetookme
aroundNewYorkandshowedmethesights.
atfirstsight
thetimewhenyoufirstseeorhearaboutsomethingorsomeoneprimeiravistaItmay,atfirst
sight,seemasurprisingchoice.
lookasight
tolookridiculousorinabadstateestarumhorrorYoulookasight!
outofsight,outofmind
saidtoemphasizethatwhensomethingorsomeonecannotbeseen,itiseasytoforgetthem
oqueosolhosnonoveem,ocoraonosente

Leaf
:noun/li
f/(plural
leaves
/li
vz/)

B1aflat,greenpartofaplantthatgrowsfromastemorbranch.folha.anoakleafthefalling
leaves

chance
:
noun/t

ns/
B1thepossibilitythatsomethingwillhappenchance,oportunidadeTheresachancethatshell
stillbethere.Shehasasmallchanceofpassingtheexam.
B1theopportunitytodosomethingchance,,oportunidadeIdidntgetachancetotalktoyouat
theparty.
B1[noplural]thewaysomethinghappensbecauseofluck,orwithoutbeingplannedacasoI
sawherbychance.
ariskriscoTheresachanceofinjuryinalmostanysport.
standachance
tohaveachanceofsuccessorofdoingsomethinggoodterumachanceHestandsagood
chanceofwinning.
chancesare
itislikelyomaisprovvelqueChancesarethathellsayno.
nochance!
usedtosaythatthereisnopossibilityofsomethinghappeningnempensarAreyougoingto
lendheranymoney?Nochance!

wrist
:noun/r
st/
thepartofyourbodybetweenyourhandandyourarmpulso

stew
:noun/stju
/
foodmadeofvegetablesandmeatcookedtogetherinliquid.
carneensopadacomvegetais
.
aplateofbeefstew

cut
:
verb/k
t/(presentparticiplecutting,pasttenseandpastparticiplecut)
A2touseaknifeorothersharptooltodividesomethingormakeaholeinsomethingcortarCut
themeatintosmallpieces.Hecutthepieceofwoodinhalf.Ihadmyhaircutlastweek.
cutsomething/yourself
B1tohurtapartofyourbodyonasharpobjectthatmakesyoubleedcortaralgo/cortarseShe
cutherfingeronsomebrokenglass.
toreducethesizeoramountofsomethingcortar,reduzirPriceshavebeencutby25percent.
toremovepartofamovieorpieceofwritingcortarThemoviewastoolong,sotheycutsome
scenes.

Yelled
:
yell
:verb/jel/
toshoutsomethingveryloudly.
gritar,berrar
.

Thepolicemanyelledatthemtostop.

yell/jel/noun


grito,berro

7deabrilde2016

neck
:noun/nek/
A2thepartofthebodybetweenyourheadandyourshoulders.
pescoo
.

necklace
noun/
nekls/
A2apieceofjewellerythatyouweararoundyourneck.
colar
.apearlnecklace.
Myinheritancefrommygrandmotherincludedherfavoritenecklace.

fasten
verb/
f

sn/
B1tocloseorattachsomething.
fechar,abotoar
.
Fastenyourseatbelts.

toattachonethingtoanother.
prender,amarrar,segurar,fixar
.
Hefastenedtheshelftothe
wall
.

wire
noun/wa
r/
thinmetalthread,usedtofastenthingsortomakefences,cages,etc.arame
along,thinpieceofmetalthread,usuallycoveredinplastic,thatcarrieselectricityfioeltrico
electricalwires

burst
:verb/b

st/(pasttenseandpastparticipleburst)
Ifacontainerbursts,orifyouburstit,itbreakssuddenly,sothatwhatisinsideitcomesout.
romper,estourar
.
Awaterpipeburstandfloodedthecellar.Heburstalltheballoons.
burstintotears
tosuddenlystartcryingcairnochoroSheburstintotearsandranaway.
burstoutlaughing
tosuddenlystartlaughingcairnagargalhada
burstintoflames
tosuddenlystartburningarderemchamas

resolute
adjectiveus/
rez
lut/

determinedin
character,
action,or
ideas:I
admiredherresolute
optimisminthose
difficult
times.

resoluto,decidido,firme,resolvido,corajoso,brioso
resolutelyadverbus/
rez
lutli,
rez
lut/
Sheresolutely
refusesto
lowerher
standards.

stubborn
adjective/
st
bn/
neverchangingyourideas,plans,etc.evenwhenyoushould.
teimoso,obstinado
stubbornly
/
st
bnli/adverb
teimosamente
stubbornness
/
st
bnns/noun[noplural]teimosia


shelf
:noun[C]us/
elf/(pluralshelves/
elvz/)
a
long,
flat
board
hungona
wallor
supportedbya
frameor
cabinet,usedto
hold
objects:
Hershelvesare
filledwith
booksand
photographs.
estante,prateleira
Idioms
ontheshelf:
delayed:Plansto
starta
free
film
serieshavebeenputontheshelf.
not
noticedornotused:It's
importantto
apply
researchina
practicalwayandnot
leaveitonthe
shelf.
mainlyUKinformal.Ifsomeone,usuallyawoman,isontheshelf,sheisnot
marriedandis
consideredtoo

oldforanyoneto
wantto
marryher:
Inthose
days,ifyouhadn't
marriedbythe
timeyouwere30,youwere
definitelyontheshelf.

Ashelfisaplaceonawallwhereyouputthings.
Ikeepmyclothesonashelfinmycloset

Jewellery
:noun[noplural]UK(USjewelry)/
d
u
lri/
A2objectsmadefromgold,silver,orpreciousstonesthatyouwearfordecoration.joias

stem
:noun/stem/
thelong,thinpartofaplantthattheleavesandflowersgrowon.
Talo

Litter
noun[noplural]/
l
tr/
piecesofpaperandotherwastethatareleftinpublicplaceslixoPleasepickupanylitteryou
seeinthepark.Pleaseusethelitterbin(=acontainerthatisusedforrubbish)provided.

dial:Adialisthefrontofaclock.
Ilookedatthedialtoseewhattimeitwas.

rack:Arackisanobjectwithshelvesthatholdsthings.
Hestoredhistoolsonarack.

anemia:anemiaisabloodconditionthatcausesapersontobepaleandtired.
Whenshefirstdevelopedanemia,shebecametiredoften.

spectator
:Aspectatorissomeonewhowatchessomething,especiallyasportsevent.
Therewerethousandsofspectatorsatthebiggame.

eternal:Ifsomethingiseternal,thenitlastsforever.
Shesaidthatherloveforhimwaseternal.

Last:
adjective
,determiner/l

st/
lastweek,year,Monday,etc.

A1theweek,year,Monday,etc.beforethepresentone.semanapassada,anopassado,
segundafeirapassada,etc.IwenttoBarcelonalastmonth.
A2themostrecent.
ltimo
.Whatwasthelastmovieyousaw?Itsrainedforthelastthreedays.
A2Yourlastbook,house,job,etc.istheonebeforetheonethatyouhavenow.ltimoMylast
housewashalfthissize.
A2happeningorcomingattheend.
ltimo
.Itsthelastroomontheleft.Thatsthelast
programmeoftheseries.Iwasthelastpersontoarrive.Oppositefirstadj
B1onlyremainingltimoWhowantsthelastpieceofcake?
thelastperson,thing,etc.
apersonorthingthatyoudonotwantorexpectaltimapessoa,coisa,etc.Threeextra
peopletofeedthatsthelastthingIneed!

Last

adverb
/l

st/
B1usedtotalkaboutthemostrecenttimeyoudidsomethingporltimoWhendidyoulastsee
her?IthinkitwasJulywhenIlastspoketohim.
aftereverythingoreveryoneelseporltimoIcamelastintherace.Wevestillgottocheckthe
figuresbutwelldothatlast.Oppositefirstadv
lastbutnotleast
somethingyousaybeforeyousaythelastpersonorthingonalistporltimomasnomenos
importanteThisisJeremy,thisisOliviaand,lastbutnotleast,thisisEva.

Last
noun,pronoun
/l

st/
atlast
B1finally.
finalmente
.
AtlastIvefoundajacketIlike.

thelast
apersonorthingthatcomesafteralltheothers.
oltimo,altima
.
Wewerethelasttogetthere
.
thelastofsomething
theonlypartofsomethingthatremains.
orestantedealgo
.
Wevejustfinishedthelastofthewine
.

Last
verb
/l

st/
B1tocontinuetohappenorexist.
durar
.
Howlongwillthemeetinglast?
Thebatterieslastabouttenhours.
Enjoythesunwhileitlasts!
tobeenoughforaperiodoftime.
durar
.
Wevegotenoughfoodtolastaweek.

Least
:adjective,adverb,pronounus/list/
lessthananythingoranyone
else(of)the
smallest
amountor
numbersuperlative
oflittle
:
Imnottheleast
bit
concerned.
Thatsthe
answerIleast
wantedto
hear.
Which
car
coststheleast?

tidy
:Whensomethingistidy,itiscleanandinorder.
Leonhasalwaysbeenaverytidyboy.

consequent
:consequentmeanshappeningbecauseofadifferentsituation.
Herconsequentrashcameaftershetouchedtheivy.

ivy
noun[noplural]/
a
vi/
adarkgreenplantthatgrowsupwalls.
hera
an
evergreen
plant(=onethatnever
loses
its
leaves)thatoften
growsup
treesor
buildings:
Ivy
coveredthe
broken
walls.
Variegatedivyisa
popular
choicefor
covering
fences
.

recipe
:Arecipeisasetofinstructionstomakefood.
Theapplecakethatyoumadeisreallytasty.CanIhavetherecipe,please?

famous:Ifsomeoneorsomethingisfamous,theyareknowntomanypeople.
TheEiffelTowerinParisisveryfamous.

recruit:Torecruitpeoplemeanstoselectthemtojoinorworkforanorganization.
Wesuccessfullyrecruitedsomeonetobethenewmanager.

sail:Tosailistomoveaboatonthewater.
Ilovetosailmyboatonthelake.

globe:TheglobereferstotheEarth.
Watercoversmostoftheglobe.

clone:Acloneisanidenticalcopyofalivingcreature.
Scientistsrecentlymadeacloneofasheep.

Lightning
noun[U]us/
l

tn
/
lightningnoun[U](ELECTRICFLASH)
a
flashof
bright
lightinthe
sky
producedby
electricity
movingwithinorbetween
clouds,or
between
cloudsandthe
ground:
That
treewas
struckbylightningina
recent
thunderstorm.

lightningbolt(alsoboltoflightning)
Alightning
boltor
boltoflightningisa
particular
flashof
bright
light
seeninthe
sky.
Lightningadjective[notgradable]us/
l

tn
/
lightningadjective[notgradable](FAST)
very
fast:Shemovesatlightning
speed.

repetido:moreexemples
lightningnoun[U]uk/
la
t.n
/us/
la
t.n
/

B1a
flashof
bright
lightinthe
skythatis
producedby
electricity
movingbetween
cloudsorfrom
cloudstothe

ground:
thunderandlightninga
flash/
boltoflightningThat
treewas
struckby
lightning.She
changedher
clotheswithlightning
speed(=
extremely
quickly).
Fractalsareusedinthe
studyofthingslike
forkedlightningandto
producesome
types
of
computer
graphics.
The
computer
failurewas
duetoa
glitch
causedbylightning.
Thelightninghad
damagedtheplane's
instruments,andtheyweren'tgivingany
readings.

Haveyou
everbeen
struckbylightning?
A
special
system
preventsthe
circuitrybeing
tripped
accidentallybya
power
surgeor
lightning
strike.

bind
:Tobindistobringpeopletogether.
Thevictimsofthefloodwereboundbytheirneedtohelpeachother.

fro:Ifsomethingmovestoandfro,itmovesbackwardandforwardorsidetoside.
Herlonghairwenttoandfroassheswungontheswing.

swingverb/sw
/(presentparticipleswinging,pasttenseandpastparticipleswung)
tomovesmoothlybackwardsandforwards,ortomakesomethingdothisbalanar(se)She
swingsherarmswhenshewalks.

swingverbus/sw
/(pasttenseandpastparticipleswung/sw
/)
swingverb(MOVESIDEWAYS)
[I/T]tomove
easilytoone
directionandthentotheotherfroma
fixed
point,orto
cause
somethingtomovethisway:[I]He
hung
upsidedownandswungbackand
forth.[I]The
heavy
doorswung

open.[T]Campanella
knewhowtoswinga
bat.[T]Heswungthe
carintothe
garage.

swingverb(CHANGE)
[I]to
changefromone
conditionor
attitudetoanother:The
companyswungfrom
record
profits
last
yearto
huge
lossesthis
year.
swingverb(BEEXCITING)
[I]datedslangtobe
exciting,
enjoyable,and
active
swingverb(ARRANGE)
[T]infmlto
arrangeto
obtainor
achievesomething:The
kidsneednew
clothes,andIdont
see
howIcanswingit.
Phrasalverbs
swingaround
swingatsomeone/something

swingnounus/sw
/
swingnoun(MUSIC)
[U]a
formof
jazz
musicthatwas
popularesp.inthe1930sand1940s

swingnoun(CHANGE)
[C]ausually
sudden
change:Hesvery
creativebut
proneto
moodswings.
swingnoun(SIDEWAYSMOVEMENT)
[C]aswinging
movement:Scotttooka
bigswingatthe
balland
missed.
[C]Aswingisalsoan
attemptto
hitsomeone:This
guytookaswingatme.
[C]Aswingisalsoa
seatthatmoves
backwardand
forwardand
hangsfrom
ropesor
chains.
[C]Aswingcanalsobea
brief
trip:Edtooka10dayswingthroughFrance.

intermittent
Ifsomethingisintermittent,thenithappensinawaythatisnotconstant.
Itwashardtofocusbecauseintermittentnoisescamefromtheworkersoutside.

apply:Toapplysomethingmeanstoputiton.
Shealwaysappliesmakeuptoherfacebeforegoingoutside.

capture
:tocapturesomeoneorsomethingistocatchthem.
Jamestriedtocapturethebubblesinhishands.

columnist
:Acolumnistisawriterwhocreatesarticlesaboutaparticularsubject.
Thecolumnistwonpraiseforhisarticlesaboutlifeonthefarm.

infect:Toinfectsomeonemeanstogivethemanillness.
Thecommoncoldinfectshundredsofmillionsofpeopleeachyear.

viable:Whensomethingisviable,itiscapableofdoingwhatitisintendedtodo.
Hermethodofsolvingthemathproblemseemedviable

deception
:deceptionistheactoflyingortrickingsomeone.
Themagiclookedveryreal,butitwasonlydeception.
deception

noun
/d

sep
n/
theactofdeceivingsomeonebymakingthembelievesomethingthatisnottrue.
engano,
engodo
.
Hewasfoundguiltyofobtainingmoneybydeception.

consequence
:Aconsequenceisaresultofachoiceoraction.
Asaconsequenceofmissingmybus,Ihadtofindanotherwaytowork.

tool:Atoolissomethingthathelpsyoudoatask.
Weusedatooltofixthewindow.

fund
:Afundisanamountofmoneythatpeoplehave.
Weallputmoneyintoourclub'sfund.

deteriorate
:Todeterioratemeanstobecomesteadilyworse.
Thenationseconomycontinuedtodeterioratedespitethepoliticiansefforts.

forage
:Toforagemeanstolookaroundforfood.
Manyanimalshidefoodinthefallsincelittlecanbeforagedinwinter.

toss
:ifyoutosssomething,youthrowitsoftly.
Hetossedacoinintotheair.
verb/t
s/
tothrowsomethingsomewherecarelessly.jogar.Hereadtheletterquickly,thentosseditinto
thebin.

spatial:Whensomethingisspatial,itrelatestothepositionandsizeofthings.
Hewasaskedwherethebookswerelocatedtotesthisspatialability.

hemisphere:Ahemisphereisonehalfoftheearth.
Inthenorthernhemisphere,theweatherisusuallywarmestinJulyandAugust.

adopt
:Toadoptsomeoneistomakethemasapartofone'sownfamily.
Thegirlwasadoptedbythecouplewhenshewasthree.

sane:Ifsomeoneissane,theycanthinkinanormalway.
Oliverdoesnotactlikeasanepersonwhenheisangry.

stool
:Astoolisaseatwithlegsbutnosupportforapersonsarmsandback.
Idontfindstoolsverycomfortabletositon.

genome
:Agenomeisthecollectionofallthegenesinalivingthing.
Understandingthehumangenomemayhelpcuremanydiseases.

caterpillar:Acaterpillarisasmallinsectthatlookslikeawormandeatsplants.
Aftereatingalotofleaves,caterpillarschangeintobutterflies.

nurture
:Tonurturesomethingmeanstocareforitasitgrowsordevelops.
Robertnurturedhisplants,andthatiswhytheygrowsowell.

slap
:Toslapsomeonemeanstohitthemwiththepalmofthehand.
Outofanger,HelenslappedEuniceontheface.

longevity:longevityistheabilitytoliveforalongtime.
Seaturtleshaveanamazinglongevity

attempt:Toattemptsomethingistotrytodothatthing.

IamattemptingtolearnEnglish

alive:Ifsomeoneorsomethingisalive,theyarenotdead.
Mygrandparentsarestillaliveeventhoughtheyareover90.

driveway
:Adrivewayisashortprivateroadthatleadstoaperson'shome.
Thelongdrivewayledustotheirnewhouse.

remainder:theremainderofsomethingiswhatisleft.
Hetookabiteoftheapple,thengavemetheremainderofit

dispute:Adisputeisanargumentordisagreementthatpeoplehave.
KarenandBrianoftenhavedisputesaboutsillythings.

silly:adjectiveus/
s
li/

showinga
lackof
thoughtor
judgmentnot
seriousandnot
showingmuch
intelligence:asilly
grinI

watchedanothersilly
movielast
night.
sillinessnoun[U]us/
s
lins/
Its
timeto
stopthesillinessandget
serious.

magazzine:Amagazineisaregularpublicationwithnews,stories,andarticles.
Shelikestoreadfashionmagazines.

cardinal:Ifaruleorqualityiscardinal,thenitisthemostimportantone.
Raisingyourhandintheclassroombeforeyouspeakisacardinalrule.

grumble
:Togrumblemeanstocomplain.
HegrumbledabouthavingtoworklateonFriday.

dense:Ifsomethingisdense,ithasalotofthingsclosetogether.
Ieasilybecamelostinthedenseforest.

grateful:Whenyouaregratefulforsomething,youarehappythatithappened.
Thegirlsweregratefultohaveachancetospendtimewiththeirgrandfather.

aspect:Anaspectisonepartorfeatureofsomething.
Ithoughtaboutthedifferentaspectsofowningtwodogs.

fault
:Afaultisamistake.

Itismyfaultthatthecatranaway.Ileftthedooropen
.

commodity:Acommodityissomethingthatcanbeboughtorsold.
Fransunclemademostofhismoneytradingcommodities.


proponent:Aproponentisapersonwhosupportsanideaoraplan.
Hewasaproponentofusingenvironmentallyfriendlyproducts.

exterior:anexterioristheoutsidesurfaceofsomething.
Theexteriorofthenutwashardandwoody,buttheinsidewassoftanddelicious.

sore
:Whenapartofyourbodyissore,ithurts.
Afterliftingtheheavybox,Mona'sbackwassore.
soreadjective/s

r/
B1painful,especiallywhentoucheddodo,doloridoasorethroatHereyeswereredandsore.
soreness/
s

ns/noun[noplural]
dor

devoid
:adjective[notgradable]US/d

d/
devoidof:
desprovidode
.
Someoneorsomethingisdevoidofsomethingwhenitis
completely
lacking:
He
seemstobedevoidofany
feelingforhis
parents.
>to
lackorbewithoutsomethingthatis
necessaryor
usual:
Their
apartmentisdevoidofall
comforts.
He
seemstobedevoidof
compassion.

surrender
:Tosurrendersomethingistogiveitup.

renderse,entregarse
.
Thethiefsurrenderedthemoneytothepolicewhenhewascaught.
Surrenderverbus/s
rendr/
surrenderverb(ACCEPTDEFEAT)

[I]to
stop
fightingand
accept
defeat:Theywould
rather
diethansurrender.
surrenderverb(GIVE)

[T]togivesomethingthatisyourstosomeone
else,usuallybecauseyouhavebeen
forcedto
do

so:U.S.MagistrateCelesteBremer
restrictedGruenwalds
traveland
orderedthathesurrender
his
passport.
surrendernoun[C/U]us/s
rendr/
an
agreementto
stop
fightingand
accept
defeat:[C]RobertE.Leessurrender,which
ended
theCivilWar,wasoneofthemost
important
eventsinAmerican
history.

concience:Yourconscienceisyourinnersenseofwhatisrightandwrong.
IrecycleeverythingIcan,somyconscienceisclear!

chief:Achiefistheleaderofagroupofpeople.

Thechiefledthepeoplethroughthemountains.

challenge
:Achallengeissomethingdifficulttocomplete.
Itwasachallengetoclimbtothetopofthemountain.

overseas
adjective,adverb[notgradable]us/
o
vr
siz/
in,from,orto
countriesthatare
acrossthe
sea:TheAirForcewas
recalling
troopsfrom
overseas
bases.Ivehadto
traveloverseas
fairlyoften.
Weneedto
openupoverseas
markets.Therearealotofoverseas
students
studyingat
our
college.My

brotherisa
studentoverseas.Manymore
peoplego/
travel/
live/
workoverseasthese
days.

adjective/

v
si
z/fromanothercountryestrangeiro,exterioranoverseasstudent
overseas/

v
si
z/adverbnoexteriorHeworkedoverseas.

proliferation
[pr
l
f're

()n]
Anincreaseinthenumberofsomethingandinthenumberofplacesitcanbefound

contrary
:['k
ntr()r
]Opposite
Commonphrasesarecontrarytoandonthecontrary.
Contrarytomoststudies,Dr.Itosworkshowstheworldsclimateisnotgettingwarmer.
Ifsomethingiscontrarytosomethingelse,itistheopposite.
Itisn'twarmoutsideatall.Onthecontrary,itisquitecold.

intuitively
[
n'tju

t
vl
]Bymeansofanaturalsenseaboutthingsthatarehardtoobserve

entrepreneurial
[

ntrpr'n

r
l][

ntrpr'njur
l]
Abletocreatebusinessopportunitiesfromawidevarietyofcircumstances.
Manyengineersofthe1970smadegreatcomputers,butonlyafewwereentrepreneurial
enoughtoseethebusinesspossibilitiesinthenewmachines.

to
haggle
['hgl]Toarguebackandforthaboutaprice.
Haggleisoftenfollowedbyaphrasewithoverorabout.
Thecustomerandtheshopkeeperhaggledoverthesilverplateformorethananhour.

verb/
h
l/(presentparticiplehaggling,pasttenseandpastparticiplehaggled)
toargue,especiallyaboutthepriceofsomething.
pechinchar
Ispent20minuteshagglingoverthepriceofthecar.

obnoxious
[b'n
k
s]Bothersomedoingsmallthingsthatothersdontlike.
MyobnoxiousneighborkeepstalkingtomewhileImtryingtoreadinmybackyard.

obnoxious
adjectiveus/b
n
k
s,
b/very
unpleasantor
offensive:
Cantyou
express
your

opinionswithoutbeingobnoxious?

disapproving
very
unpleasantor
rude:
antiptico,irritante,odioso,detestvel
:S
omeofhis
colleaguessay
thathe's
loudandobnoxious.
Whenshe'sina
bad
moodshe'sobnoxioustoeveryone.
obnoxiously
adverbuk/b
n
k.
s.li/us/b
n

k.
s.li/
obnoxiously
arrogant/
drunk
obnoxiousness
noun[U]uk/b
n
k.
s.ns/us/b
n

k.
s.ns/

bothersome
adjectiveuk/
b
..sm/us/
b

.
.sm/
oldfashioned

annoyingor
causing
trouble:
abothersomelittleman.bothersome
noise.
Bothersome
family
obligations
keep
interferingwithmy
plans.

bother
verb/
b
r/
A2toannoysomeonebytalkingtothemwhentheyarebusy
aborrecer,incomodar,amolar,atrapalhar
Dontbotheryourfatherwhenhesworking.
toworryorupsetsomeone
preocupar,aborrecer,incomodar,amolar
Imusedtolivingbymyselfitdoesntbotherme.
tomaketheefforttodosomething
preocuparse
Hedidntevenbothertocall.
cantbebotheredinformal
Ifyoucantbebotheredtodosomething,youaretoolazyortiredtodoit
noestou,est,etc.nema
Icantbebotheredtoironmyclothes.

to
resist
[r
'z
st]Torefusetogiveintoastrongforceordesire.
Althoughmanynativenationsresisted,theU.S.governmenteventuallytookoveralmostall
Indianland.

deviant
['di
v
nt]Inastylethatisnotnormalandisoffensivetomany.
Theartistbasedhisreputationoncreatingdeviantworksofartthatdisgustedmostofthepublic
.
deviantadjectiveus/
divint/

differingfromthe
accepted
standard
usedto
describea
personor
behaviourthatisnot
usualandis
generally
consideredtobe
unacceptable

Deviance
noun[U]us/
divins/

inheritance
[
n'her
t()ns]Thingspasseddowntoyoufromyourancestors
inheritancenoun[Cusuallysingular,U]uk/
n
her.
.tns/us/
n
her.
.tns/
inheritancenoun[Cusuallysingular,U](FROMDEADPERSON)
C2
moneyor
objectsthatsomeonegivesyouwhenthey
die:The
largeinheritancefromhis
aunt
meantthathecould

buyhisown
boat.At21shecameintoherinheritance(=itwasgivento
her).
inheritancenoun[Cusuallysingular,U](QUALITY)
a
physicalor
mental
characteristic
inheritedfrom
your
parents,orthe
processbywhichthis
happens:

geneticinheritanceA
particular
geneis
responsiblefortheinheritanceof
eye
colour.

esthetically
[i
s'thet
k()l
]Inawaythatrelatestobeautyorappearance.
Estheticallyisoftenspelledwithanaatthebeginning:aesthetically.
Theoutsideoftheofficebuildingisestheticallypleasing,buttheinsideisdarkandunpleasant.

8deabrilde2016

wing
noun/w
/
B1oneofthetwopartsthatabirdorinsectusestofly
asa
oneofthetwolong,flatpartsatthesidesofaplanethatmakeitstayinthesky
asa
apartofalargebuildingthatisconnectedtoasideofthemainpart
ala
HisofficeisinthewestwingoftheWhiteHouse.

whenever
conjunction/wen
evr/
B1everytimeoratanytime
sempreque,quando
Youcangowheneveryouwant.

cheeky
adjective/
t
i
ki/(comparativecheekier,superlativecheekiest)UK
rude,ofteninafunnyway.descarado,atrevido.
acheekylittleboy.
cheekily/
t
i
k
li/adverb
descaradamente

cheek
noun/t
i
k/
B1oneofthetwosoftpartsofyourfacebelowyoureyes.bochecha.
Tearsrandownhischeeks.
[noplural]mainlyUKrudebehaviourthatshowsyoudonotrespectsomeone.
atrevimento,caradepau.

Shehadthecheektoaskmetopayforher!

Ensue
:verb[I]US/
n
su/
to
happenaftersomething
else,esp.asa
resultofit:
Chaosensuedwhen60
charter
schools
runbyone
companywereall
suddenly
closed.
Afterhis
outburst,a
long
silenceensued.
ensue:Toensuemeanstohappenaftersomething.
Afterafewminutesoflightening,thunderensued.
profit:Aprofitistheextramoneyyoumakewhenyousellsomething.
Imadeasmallprofitfromsellingmyoldclothes.

scholar:Ascholarisapersonwhostudiessomethingandknowsmuchaboutit.
Thescholarknewmuchaboutarthistory.
scholarnoun/
sk
lr/
someonewhohasstudiedasubjectandknowsalotaboutit
erudito,a,estudioso,a
alegalscholar

pill:Apillisasmallobjectthathasmedicineinside.
Shetookapillforherheadache.

reed
:reedsaretallandskinnyplantsthatgrowingroupsnearwater.
Thesunsetbehindthereedsofthelakesshore.
atall,stiffplantlikegrassthatgrowsnearwater
junco,cana,canio

conduct:conductisthewaythatsomeoneacts.
Shewaspunishedforherbadconduct.

chronology:Thechronologyofaseriesofpasteventsiswhentheyhappened.
WelearnedthechronologyofWorldWarIIinhistoryclass.

audit:Toauditmeanstoinspectfinancialrecordsfromapersonorbusiness.
Thegovernmentusuallyauditscompaniesthatreportlowerthanusualincomes.

fortunate:Ifyouarefortunate,youarelucky.
Iwasfortunatetogetaseat.

dismiss:Todismisssomethingistosayitisnotimportant.
Hequicklydismissedmyideaaboutanewproject.

collapse:Tocollapseistofalldownsuddenly.
Thetreecollapsedrightinfrontofourhouse.


chase
:Tochasesomeoneorsomethingistofollowtheminordertocatchthem.
Iwaschasedbyanangrynative.
verb/t
e
s/(presentparticiplechasing,pasttenseandpastparticiplechased)
torunaftersomeoneorsomethinginordertocatchthemorit
caar,correratrsde,enxotar
Thedogwaschasingarabbit.

plaster
:plasterisasmoothpastethatgetshardwhenitdries.
Heusedplastertofillinthecracksintheoldwalls.
noun/
pl

str/
[noplural]asubstancethatisspreadonwallsinordertomakethemsmooth
reboco,argamassa,estuque,massacorrida
UK(USbandage)athinpieceofmaterialthatyousticktotheskintocoverasmallcut
esparadrapo,bandaid
UK(alsoUS/UK
cast
)ahard,whitesubstancethatprotectsabrokenbonewhileitrepairs
itself
gesso
Mylegwasinplasterforaboutsixweeks.

midst:Themidstofsomethingisthemiddleofit.
Shewasinthemidstofcleaningwhenthetelephonerang.

sensitive:Whensomeoneorsomethingissensitive,theyareeasilyhurt.
Myteetharesensitivetocoldthings.

raise
:Toraisesomethingistoliftitup.
Wehadtoworktogethertoraisethelastpiece.

climate:Aclimateistheusualweatherinaplace.
Theclimateinthedesertisveryhot.

sorrow
:sorrowisaverysadfeeling.

Thegirlfeltsorrowafterherbestfriendmovedaway
.

tone:toneisthesoundofsomeone'svoice.Itshowshowtheyfeel.
Myfather'stonetoldmeIhadbrokentherule

physical
:Ifsomethingisphysical,itisrelatedtoyourbodyandnotyourmind.
Bikingisgoodforyourphysicalhealth.
Physical['f
z
k()l]
Relatedtothebodyrelatedtomaterialsthatcanbeseenorfelt.
Physicalusuallycomesbeforethenounitdescribes.

Becauseoftheshapeofitsthroat,anapedoesnothavethephysicalabilitytospeak.
Themountainsformaphysicalbarrierbetweenthewestandtheeast.

junior:Ifsomeoneisjuniorintheirjob,theydonothavealotofpower.
Whenshestartedatthecompany,shewasonlyajuniormanager.

project
:Aprojectisatypeofworkthatyoudoforschoolorajob.
Hisafternoonworkprojectwastopainttheroomgreen.

afternoon:

provision:Theprovisionofsomethingistheactofgivingittopeopleinneedorwant.
Thatdepartmentisresponsiblefortheprovisionofemergencysupplies.

mock
:Tomocksomeonemeanstoteasetheminacruelway.
ThegirlsmockedNancybecauseshewasanewstudent.

blizzard
:Ablizzardisaseveresnowstormwithstrongwinds.
nevasca
.
Wedidnotdaretogooutsideduringtheterribleblizzard.
Wedidntgetoutforthree
daysaftertheblizzardwasover.
blizzardnoun(LARGEAMOUNT)
[S]informal.a
large
amountofsomethingthat
arrivesoris
producedtogetherina
confusingor
badly

organizedway:
ablizzardof
statistics/
handouts

pneumonia:pneumoniaisadangerousillnesscausingthelungstofillwithliquid.
Elainegotpneumoniaafterplayingoutsideintherainwithoutacoat.

starve:Ifapersonstarves,theydonotgetenoughtoeatandsometimesdie.
Duringthewar,manypeoplestarved.

wag
:verb/w
/(presentparticiplewagging,pasttenseandpastparticiplewagged)
Ifadogwagsitstail,itmovesitfromsidetoside.
abanar
.
(
especiallyofa
tailor
finger)to
movefrom
sideto
sideorupanddown,
especially
quicklyand
repeatedly,orto

causethisto
happen:
Thelittledog's
tailwaggedin
delight.
Hewaggedhis
finger
sternlyatthetwo
boys.

ongoing
:Ifsomethingisongoing,thenitisstillhappeningorstillgrowing.
Thedevelopmentofplantsisongoingbecauseittakestimeforthemtomature.

surgery:surgeryismedicaltreatmentwhenthedoctorcutsopenyourbody.

Ineededsurgerytorepairmylegaftertheaccident.

lung
:Alungistheorganinthebodythatfillswithairwhenbreathing.
Havingstronglungsisnecessaryforahealthylife.

lung
noun/l
/
oneofthetwopartsinsideyourchestthatareusedforbreathing.
pulmo
.
lungcancer
There'sahigh
correlationbetween
smokingandlung
cancer.
The
knifewentthroughhis
ribsand
puncturedhislung.
Scientistshave
establishedthe
relationshipbetweenlung
cancerand
smoking.
She
underwentan
operationona
tumourinher
leftlunglast
year.
The
Xray
showeda
slight
irregularityinonelung.

significance:Thesignificanceofsomethingisthequalitythatmakesitimportant.
Thesignificanceofthesnowyweatherwasthatwedidnthavetogotoschool.

artery
:Anarteryisatubethattakesbloodfromthehearttotherestofthebody.
Eatinghealthilykeepsyourarteriesclean,sobloodcanflowwithease.

slab
:Aslabisalarge,thick,flatpieceofstone,concrete,metal,orwood.
Ilookedatvariousslabsofstonetodecoratemyhouse.
athick,flatpieceofsomething,especiallystone.
bloco
.
aslabofconcrete

beam
:Abeamisaheavybar.
Modernskyscrapersaremadewithseveralbeams.
alineoflightthatshinesfromsomething.
raio,feixedeluz
.
alaserbeam
along,thickpieceofwoodthatsupportsweightinabuilding.
viga(demadeira)
.

atmosphere:TheatmosphereistheairaroundtheEarthwhereweatherconditionsform.
Scientistsworrythatharmfulsubstancesarehurtingtheatmosphere.

curious:Whenyouarecuriousaboutsomething,youwanttoknowmoreaboutit.
IopeneduptheclockbecauseIwascuriousabouthowitworked.

comment:Tocommentmeanstosaysomethingthatshowsyourpersonalopinion.
Tomcommentedonthepoorqualityofthefood.

reconcile:Toreconcilemeanstoreturntoafriendlyrelationship.
Afterarguing,thetwofriendswerereconciledwitheachother.

scowl
:verb/ska
l/tolookatsomeoneangrily
lanarumolharmalhumorado,franzirassobrancelhas
Hescowledatmefrombehindhispaper.

verdict
noun/
v

d
kt/
adecisioninacourtoflawsayingifsomeonehascommittedacrime
veredito
aguiltyverdict

embezzle
verb/
m
bezl/
tostealmoneythatbelongstothecompanyororganizationthatyouworkfor
desviar,apropriarsefraudulentamentede
embezzlement
/
m
bezlmnt/noun[noplural]
desviodefundos,desfalque,estelionato
Thejuryfoundthatthedirectorwasguiltyofembezzlement.
embezzler
/
m
bezlr/noun
defraudador,estelionatrio

lazy
:adjective/
le
zi/(comparativelazier,superlativelaziest)
A2Someonewhoislazydoesnotlikeworking.
preguioso
Hestoolazytomakehisbedinthemorning.
laziness
/
le
zins/noun[noplural]

preguia

Tyrant
:Atyrantissomeonewhotreatspeopleinacruel,harsh,andunfairway.
Ourbossisatyrant.Hemakesusworklonghoursforlittlepay.
tyrant
noun/
ta
rnt/
someonewhohastoomuchpowerandusesitinacruelway.tirano,a

9deabrilde2016

coach
:Acoachisapersonwhoteachessports.
Mycoachgetsveryexcitedduringgames.

legend:Alegendisastoryfromthepast.
Thereisawellknownlegendaboutakingandhisqueen.

arr:Ifsomethingisexplicit,itisveryclear,open,andtruthful.
Themangaveaveryexplicitaccountofthecaraccident.

admit:Toadmitsomethingmeanstosaythatitistrue.
IhadtoadmitthatIstolehisidea.

devote
:Todevotetimetosomethingmeanstospendalotoftimedoingit.
Shedevotestwohoursadaytoplayingthepiano.

sociology:sociologyisthestudyofhumansociety,itsorganizations,andproblems.
sociologyteachesthatpeoplesproblemsarearesultoftheirsociety.

far
:fsomethingisfar,itisnotclose.
It'sfargoingfromtheeastcoasttothewestcoastofAmerica.

enable
:Toenableapersonistomakeitpossibleforthemtodosomething.
Havingthekeyenabledustoopenthedoor.

calculate:Tocalculateistofindananswerusingmath.
IcalculatedhowmuchmoneyIwouldneedtobuythecar.

fluent:Ifsomeoneisfluentinalanguage,thentheyareabletospeakitverywell.
ShewassofluentinGermanthatyoudhavethoughtshewasfromGermany.

agression:aggressionisbehaviorthatismeanorviolenttoothers.
TheproblemwasonlymadeworsebyMarksaggression.

subtle
:Whensomethingissubtle,itisnoteasytoseeornotice.
Thehandsomemanhasasubtlesmile.
subtle
adjective/
s
tl/
notobviousoreasytonotice.
sutil,delicado,suave
.
asubtlechange.

Subtly
[s
t()li]Inaquiet,hardtonoticeway.

Bysubtlychangingthesoftdrinksformula,weimproveditstasteandmadeproductioncheaper.

cramp
:Acrampisastrongpaincausedbyamuscleafteralotofphysicaluse.
Afterthemarathon,Jennygotaterriblecrampinhercalfmuscle.
crampnoun/krmp/
asudden,strongpaininamusclethatmakesitdifficulttomove.
cibra.
Ivegotcrampinmy
legs.

accurate:Ifsomethingisaccurate,itiscompletelycorrect.
Thestoryinthenewspaperwasntveryaccurate.

mash
:Tomashsomethingistocrushitsothatitissoft.
Wemashedthehardpotatoesandservedthemfordinner.
tocrushfooduntilitissoft

amassar,fazerpurde
mashedvegetables

negligible:Ifsomethingisnegligible,itisextremelysmallandnotimportant.
Theamountsheowedwasnegligible.Itwaslessthantencents.

hygiene:hygieneistheconditionsormethodsneededforhealthandcleanliness.
Peoplewhobrushtheirteethatleasttwiceadayarepracticinggoodhygiene.

festive:Whensomethingisfestive,itishappyandrelatedtoapartyorcelebration.
DeansfavoritepartofChristmasisthefestiveclothingthatpeoplewear.

oversee
:Tooverseesomethingmeanstomakesurethatitisbeingdoneproperly.
Hisjobwastooverseetheprogressoftheconstructionproject.
oversee
verb/

v
si
/(presentparticiple
overseeing
,pasttense
oversaw
,pastparticiple
overseen
)
towatchworkasitisdoneinordertomakecertainthatitisdonecorrectly.supervisionar.A
committeehasbeensetuptooverseetheproject.

conform
:toconformtorulesorlawsistoobeythem.
Thenewstudenthadtoconformtotheschoolsdresscode
.

wreck
:Towrecksomethingmeanstodestroyorruinit.
Theteenagerswreckedthehousefornoreasonatall

flag:Aflagisapieceofcoloredcloththatrepresentssomething.
Ourcountryhasabeautifulflag.

hospitable:Ifsomeoneishospitable,theyarefriendlytostrangers.
Atdinner,Dadwasveryhospitabletomyfriends.

grind
:Togrindsomethingmeanstobreakitintoverysmallpiecesorpowder.
Shewantedtogrindthebeans,soshecouldbrewsomecoffee.

steep
:Ifsomethingissteep,thenitsslopeoranglerisesorfallssharply.
Herodehisbikeupthesteephilltoreachthetop.
steepadjective/sti
p/
B1Asteepslope,hill,etc.goesupordownveryquickly.empinado,ngreme.Thehillwastoo
steeptocycleup.
steeply/
sti
pli/adverb
abruptamente,vertiginosamente

subconscious
:Whensomethingissubconscious,itisdonewithoutthinkingaboutit.

Breathingisoneofthesubconsciousthingsthatthebodydoes.

version:Aversionisanaccountofsomethingthatdiffersslightlyfromtheoriginal.
ShereadthestudentsBritishversionoftheChinesefairytale.

opportunity:Anopportunityisachancetodosomething.
Ihadanopportunitytotakepicturesinthejungle.

shut
verb/

t/(presentparticipleshutting,pasttenseandpastparticipleshut)
A2toclosesomething,ortobecomeclosed.fechar.Shutthedoor.Helaybackandshuthis
eyes.Thedoorshutwithabang.
A2Whenashop,restaurant,etc.shuts,itstopsservingcustomersanddoesnotallowpeopleto
enter.fechar.ThemuseumshutsatfouroclockonFridays.
keepyourmouthshut.informal
tostoptalking.calar(se).Justshutyourmouthandstopwhining!

shutter
:shuttersarewoodenormetalcoversinfrontofawindow.
Mr.Smithclosedtheshutterseverynighttomakehisbedroomdark.
shutternoun/

tr/
awoodenormetalcoverontheoutsideofawindow.
veneziana
.
thepartatthefrontofacamerathatopensquicklytoletinlightwhenyoutakeaphotograph.
obturador
.

compensate:Tocompensateistopaysomeoneforthetimetheyspentdoingsomething.
Herbosscompensatedherfortheextraworkshedidlastweek.

11deabrilde2016

slope
noun/sl
p/
asurfaceorpieceoflandthatishighatoneendandlowattheother.
ladeira,declive
.
Theresasteepslopetoclimbbeforewereatthetop.

overload
:verb[T]UK/

.v
l
d/US/
o
.v

lo
d/
C1toputtoomanythingsinoronsomething:
Don'toverloadthe
washing
machine,oritwon'tgetthe
clothes
clean.
toputtoomuch
electricitythroughan
electrical
system
C2togivesomeonemore
workor
problemsthantheycan
dealwith:
Trynottooverloadyourselfwith
work.

overload
:noun[CorU]UK/

.v.l
d/US/
o
.v
.lo
d/
C2the
factthatsomethingorsomeoneisoverloaded:

Peopletoday
sufferfrom
informationoverload(=beinggiventoomuch
information).
Therewasanoverloadonthe
electrical
circuitandthe
fuse
blew.

catchup
phrasalverbwithcatch/kt
/verb(presentparticiplecatching,pasttenseand
pastparticiplecaught)
tolearnanddiscussthenewestfactsaboutsomething.
proassuntoemdia.
LetsgooutforlunchIwanttocatchuponallyournews.
Illcatchupwithyoulater.

catchup
(withsomeone/something)
phrasalverbwithcatch/kt
/verb(presentparticiplecatching,pasttenseandpast
participlecaught)
toreachthesamelevelorqualityassomeoneorsomethingelse.
alcanar
(algum/algo)
Shesdoingextraworktocatchupwiththerestoftheclass.
toreachsomeoneorsomethingthatisinfrontofyoubymovingfaster.
alcanar
(algo/algum).
Wesooncaughtupwiththecarinfront.

catch
:verb/kt
/(presentparticiplecatching,pasttenseandpastparticiplecaught)
A1tostopsomethingthatismovingthroughtheairbygettingitinyourhands.
apanhar
.
Trytocatchtheball.
A1togetonabus,train,etc.pegar(nibus,trem,etc.)
Icaughtthelasttrainhome.
A2togetanillnessordisease.
pegar(doena).

IthinkIcaughtacoldfromher.
B1tofindandstopapersonoranimalwhoistryingtoescape
Heranafterthedog,butcouldntcatchhim.
catchsomeonesattention,interest,etc.
apanhar,pegar
tomakesomeonenoticesomethingandfeelinterested
atrairaateno,ointeresse,etc.dealgum
Allthenoiseinthestreetcaughthisattention.
todiscoversomeonewhoisdoingsomethingwrongorsomethingsecret
apanharemflagrante
Shewascaughtcheatingintheexam.
(alsogetcaught)tosticksomewhere,ortomakesomethingsticksomewhere
ficarpreso,apanhar,pegar
Mydressgotcaughtonanailandtore.

nail
:noun/ne
l/
athinpieceofmetalwithasharpend,usedtojoinpiecesofwoodtogether.
prego
.
ahammerandnails
thehardpartattheendofyourfingersandtoes.
unha
.

Shebiteshernails.

stick
verb/st
k/(pasttenseandpastparticiplestuck)
B1tobecomejoinedtosomethingelseortomakesomethingbecomejoinedtosomethingelse,
forexamplewithasubstancelikeglue.
colar,grudar
.
Thebookgotwetandthepagesallstucktogether.
Shehadstuckalotofphotosonherwall
.
Ifyousticksomethingsharpsomewhere,youpushitintosomething.
enfiar
.
Shestucktheneedleintohisarm.
tobecomefixedinonepositionandnotbeabletomove.
grudar,emperrar,travar,empacar
.
ThedrawerhadstuckandIcouldntopenit.

informaltoputsomethingsomewhere.
pr
.
Youcanstickyourbagunderthetable.

stick
noun/st
k/
B1along,thinpieceofwoodfromatree.
pau,vara
.
B1along,thinpieceofwoodthatisusedforaparticularpurpose.
bengala,basto,taco
.
awalkingstick
ahockeystick

mild
adjective/ma
ld/
B1Iftheweatherinwinterismild,itisnotcold.
temperado,ameno
.
Mildfooddoesnothaveastrongtaste.
suave
.
amildcurry
mildsalsa
Opposite
hot
mildness
/
ma
ldns/noun[noplural]
suavidade
mildnessofmanner

spine
noun/spa
n/
alonglineofbonesinapersonsoranimalsback.
colunavertebral
.

worsen
verb[IorT]UK/
w

.sn/US/
w

.sn/
C1to
become
worseortomakesomething
become
worse:
Asthecompany's
financial
problemsworsened,several
directors
resigned.
The
continued
supplyof
armstothe
regionwillonlyworsenthe
situation.

worsening
adjectiveUK/
w

.sn.
/US/
w

.sn.
/
thecountry'sworsening
political
situation
worsening
noun[S]UK/
w

.sn.
/US/
w

.sn.
/
Worryingly,the
survey
showsaworseningof
child
health.

mumble
verb/
m
mbl/(presentparticiplemumbling,pasttenseandpastparticiple
mumbled)
tospeaktooquietlyandnotclearly.
resmungar,murmurar
.
Hemumbledsomethingaboutitbeingawasteoftime.

numb
adjective/n
m/
Ifapartofyourbodyisnumb,youcannotfeelit.dormente.
Myfingersandtoeswerenumbwithcold.

numbness
noun[U]UK/
n
m.ns/US/
n
m.ns/

lackof
physicalor
emotional
feeling

arouse
verb[T]UK/
ra
z/US/
ra
z/
C2to
causesomeonetohavea
particular
feeling:
It'sa
subjectthathasarousedalotof
interest.
Our
suspicionswerefirstarousedwhenwe
hearda
muffled.
to
causesomeoneto
feel
sexual
excitement

Somethinghesaidashewas
leavingreallyarousedmy
curiosity.
Footballarousesagood
dealof
passionamong
its
supporters.
The
sightof
people
sufferingarousesa
deep
senseof
injusticeinher.
His
strange
behaviourarousedhis
neighbours'
suspicions.
The
programmearoused
strong
feelings,asyoucan
seebythe
numberof
letters
received.

arousal
noun[U]UK/
ra
.zl/US/
ra
.zl/
a
stateof(
sexual)arousal(=being
sexually
excited)
arousedUK/
ra
zd/US/
ra
zd/

sexually
excited

rouse
verb[T]US/r

z/
to
wakesomeoneormakesomeonemore
activeor
excited:
Sherousedhimfromhis
sleep.

Arouseorrouse?fromEnglishGrammarToday
Rouseandarousearebothusedinformalcontexts.Arousemeansmakesomeonehavea
particularfeeling:

Bothlecturersarousedalotofinterestinthesubjectofgeology.

Rousemeanswakesomeoneupormakesomeoneactive:

Thegoalrousedthesupportersandtheybegantoreallygetbehindtheteam.(getbehind
meanssupport)

Wealsouserouseasareflexiveverb:

Shefinallyrousedherselfatlunchtimeandgotoutofbed.

needle
noun/
ni
dl/
athin,pointedmetalobjectwithasmallholeatoneendforthread,usedinsewing.
agulha
.
aneedleandthread
.
thethinmetalpartofapieceofmedicalequipmentusedtotakebloodoutofthebody,orto
putdrugsin.
agulha
.
athin,hard,pointedleafofapinetree:
pineneedles.
agulha(depinheiro)

bride
noun/bra
d/
B1awomanwhoisgettingmarriedorhasjustbeenmarried.
noiva
.

bridesmaid
noun/
bra
dzme
d/
awomanorgirlwhohelpsthebrideonherweddingday.damadehonra.

wheel
noun/wi
l/
A2acircularobjectfixedunderavehiclesothatitmovessmoothlyovertheground.roda.
Mybikeneedsanewfrontwheel.

helmet
noun/
helmt/
ahardhatthatprotectsyourhead.capacete.
acyclinghelmet.

wheelchair
noun/
wi
lt
er/
B1achairwithwheelsusedbysomeonewhocannotwalk.cadeiraderodas.

wheelbarrow
noun/
wi
l
br
/
abig,opencontainerwithawheelatthefrontandhandles,usedtomovethings.carrinhode
mo.

strengthen
verb/
stren/
tobecomestrongerormakesomethingbecomestronger.
fortalecer
.
Theseexercisesstrengthenthelegmuscles.

bond
noun/b
nd/
aninterest,experience,orfeelingthatmakespeoplefeelconnected.
lao,elo,vnculo
.
thebondbetweenthemotherandbaby.

hammer
:atoolusedforhittingthingsorforcingnailsintowoodthatconsistsofahandleanda
heavymetaltopwithoneflatside
Hesmashedaholeinthewindowwithahammer.
takeahammertosomething(=hitsomethinghardusingahammer):
Shetookahammertotheheadlightsofhiscar.

threadnoun/red/
along,thinpieceofcotton,wool,etc.thatisusedforsewing.linha,fio.
aneedleandthread

sewingnoun[noplural]/
s

/
theactivityofjoiningpiecesofclothtogetherwithaneedleandthread.costura.

poignant
:Whensomethingispoignant,itcausesaverystrongfeelingofsadness.
Thegirlscriedattheendofthepoignantmovie.

still:stillisusedwhenyousaythatasituationkeepsgoingon.
Theyarestillwaitinginlinetogettickets.

secure:Tosecuresomethingmeanstogetitafteralotofeffort.
Iwasabletosecureagoodgradeonmytestafterweeksofstudying.

whereabouts
:Thewhereaboutsofsomeoneorsomethingistheplacewheretheyare.
Thepolicelookedforthelostdog,butitswhereaboutswerestillunknown.

Whereabouts
pluralnounUS/
hwer
b

ts,
wer/
C2the
placewherea
personorthingis:
Morenoswhereaboutsare
unknown,butsome
people
thinkheisinPanama.
Trupinis
thoughttobeinthe
Caribbean,
althoughhis
exactwhereaboutsare/isa
mystery.

whereabouts
adverb[notgradable]US/
hwer
b

ts,
wer,
hwr,
wr/
C2inwhat
partor
area:inwhat
placewhere:
WhereaboutsinMadriddoyou
live?
Whereaboutsis
your
office,then?
Whereaboutsis
your
office?

event:Aneventissomethingthathappens,especiallysomethingimportant.
Finishinghighschoolwasamajoreventinhislife.

lack
:Ifthereisalackofsomething,thereisnotenoughofit.
Hisonlyproblemisalackofmoney.

mariner:Amarinerisasailor.

Theoldmarinerusedhistelescopetofindtheshore.

wrinkle
:Awrinkleisalineonaperson'sfacethathappensastheygetold.
Mygrandfatherhassomewrinklesonhisface.
wrinklenoun/
r
kl/
asmalllineonyourfacethatyougetwhenyougrowold.
ruga
.
wrinkled/
r
kld/adjective

enrugado
.awrinkledface.

tear
verb/ter/(presentparticiple
tearing
,pasttense
tore
,pastparticiple
torn
)
B1topullpaper,cloth,etc.intopieces,ortomakeaholeinitbyaccident.
rasgar
.
Thenailtoreaholeinmyskirt.
betornbetweensomethingandsomething
tobeunabletodecidebetweentwochoices.
estardivididoentreissoeaquilo
.
Imtornbetweentheapplepieandthechocolatebiscuit.

tear
noun/ter/
aholeinapieceofcloth,paper,etc.whereithasbeentorn.
rasgo,descosturado
.

tear
noun/t
r/
B1adropofwaterthatcomesfromyoureyewhenyoucry.
lgrima
.
Iwasintears(=crying)bytheendofthemovie.
Sheburstintotears(=startedcrying)whensheheardthenews.

respective:Whenthingsarerespective,theyrelateseparatelytoeachpersonjustmentioned.
Theboxersweretoldtoreturntotheirrespectivecorners.

offspring
:offspringarethechildrenofapersonorthebabiesofananimal.
Thedogsoffspringhadthesamecoloroffurasshedid.

carriage:Acarriageisavehiclepulledbyahorse.
Wetookacarriagerideinthepark.

unfairadjective/
n
fer/
B1nottreatingpeopleinanequalway.injusto,desleal.
anunfairsystem
unfairly/
n
feli/adverb.
injustamente
unfairness/
n
fens/noun[noplural]
injustia,deslealdade

fairadjective/fer/
A2Fairhairorskinispaleorlightincolour.

claro
aboywithfairhair
B1treatingoraffectingeveryoneinthesameway
justo,equitativo,leal
afairtrial
ItsnotfairthatshegetstogoandIdont!
Imwillingtodomyfairshareofthework(=anequalpart).
Oppositeunfair
afairprice,deal,offer,etc.
B1aprice,deal,offer,etc.thatisrightforasituationandnotaskingfortoomuch
umpreojusto,umaofertajusta,etc.
Heofferedmeafairpriceforthecar.
afairamount,number,etc.
afairlylargeamount,number,etc.
umaquantia,umnmero,etc.substancial
Theresstillafairamountofworktobedoneonthehouse.
good,butnotverygood
(relativamente)bom,razovel,aceitvel
Hehasafairchanceofwinning.
sunnyandnotraining
(tempo)bom
fairenough
usedforsayingthatyoucanunderstandandacceptsomeonesopinionordecision
nadamaisjusto
HesayshellonlyworkonSundayifhegetspaidextra.Fairenough.

fairadverb/fer/
fairandsquare
inanhonestwayandwithoutanydoubt
honestamente,lealmente,merecidamente
Wewonthegamefairandsquare.

fairnoun/fer/
B1aplaceoutsidewhereyoucanrideonbigmachinesforpleasureandplaygamestowin
prizes.parquedediverses.
aneventatwhichcompanies,organizations,orgroupsshowwhattheydoorselltheir
productsorservices.feira.
abookfair

nasty
:Ifsomethingisnasty,thenitisnotniceorpleasant.
Therottenappleleftanastytasteinsidehermouth.

pleasant
:Ifsomethingispleasant,youenjoyit.

Thecharacterhadapleasantlookonitsface.

hesitate
:ohesitateistowaitforashorttimebeforedoingsomething.
Hehesitatedforamomentbeforehedecidedwhichchoicetomake.

12deabrilde2016

wrestler
noun/
reslr/
someonewhotakespartinthesportofwrestling.
lutador,ora
.
Thewrestlerfollowedhisdietwithrigor.

rite
:Ariteisatraditionalceremonycarriedoutbyaparticulargrouporsociety.
Specialmasksarewornduringtheritewhenanewbabyisborn.

worn
:/w

n/pastparticipleofwearparticpiopassadodewear

wear
:verb/wer/(pasttense
wore
,pastparticiple
worn
)
A1tohaveapieceofclothing,jewellery,etc.onyourbody.
usar,vestir
.
Iwearjeansallthetime.
Shewearsglasses
.
tobecomethinanddamagedafterbeingusedalot,ortomakethishappen.
desgastar
(se).
Thecarpetisalreadystartingtowearinplaces.

fortune
:Whensomeonehasgoodfortune,itmeanstheyhaveluck.

IhavegoodfortunewhenIplaycards
.

garment
:Agarmentisapieceofclothing.

Thebusinessmanhadallofhisgarmentscleanedbeforetheimportantmeeting.

steady

adjective
/
stedi/(comparativesteadier,superlativesteadiest)
happeningatagradual,regularrate.
constante,regular
.
asteadyimprovement
.
stillandnotshaking.
firme,seguro
.
Youneedsteadyhandstobeadentist.

notchanging.
constante
.
Shedroveatasteadyspeed.

steadily
/
stedli/adverb
constantemente,regularmente,seguramente

steady

verb
/
stedi/
tomakesomethingstopshakingormoving.
estabilizar
.
Hemanagedtosteadytheplane.

blanket
:Ablanketisapieceofcloththatyouusetokeepwarmortositupon.
Ilaidablanketonthegroundsothatwecouldhaveapicnic.

Blanketnoun/
blk
t/A2athick,warmcoverthatyousleepunder.
cobertor
.
athicklayerofsomething.
camadagrossa
.
ablanketofsnow.

monarch:Themonarchofacountryistheking,queen,emperor,orempress.
Themonarchlivedinabeautifulpalacewithagrandgate.

martgage
:Amortgageisaloanforproperty,especiallyhomesandbusinesses.
Whentheyboughttheirnewhome,themarriedcouplehadtosignamortgage.
mortgagenoun/
m

d
/
moneythatyouborrowtobuyahomehipotecaamonthlymortgagepayment

arch
:Anarchisacurvedopeningformedunderastructuresuchasabridgeordoorway.
Thearchofthebridgewasnothighenoughforthetallboattopassunderneath.

overdose
:Anoverdoseisaninstanceoftakingorhavingtoomuchofsomething.
Johnsskinwasburnedfromanoverdoseofsunshine.

injure:Toinjuresomeonemeanstodamageapartoftheirbody.
Thecarcrashinjuredtwopeople.

war:Awarisabigfightbetweentwogroupsofpeople.
Manyyoungmendiedinthewar

random:Ifsomethingisrandom,ithappenswithoutanypatternorreason.
Youngchildrenoftenaskrandomquestions.

lecture
:Alectureisalong,educationalspeech.
Hislectureonworldhungerwasveryinformative.

hunger
:noun[noplural]/
h

r/
B1thefeelingthatyouwanttoeat.
fome
.
thestateofnothavingenoughfood.
fome
.
Manyoftherefugeesdiedofhunger.

granite
:graniteisaveryhardtypeofrockthatisoftenblackorpink.
Thekitchencounterwasmadeofgranite.

squeeze
:Tosqueezesomethingmeanstopressittogetherandholdittightly.
WhenClarasawhercat,shegaveitabigsqueeze.
squeeze

verb
/skwi
z/(presentparticiplesqueezing,pasttenseandpastparticiplesqueezed)
topresssomethingfirmly.
prensar,comprimir,apertar
.
Shesqueezedhishandandsaidgoodbye.

limit
:Alimitisthelargestorsmallestamountofsomethingthatyouallow.

MymotherputalimitonhowmuchIcouldusethephone.

steam
:steamiswaterthathasbecomehotandhasturnedintoamistygas.
Wecouldseethesteamrisefromtheboilingwater.

deserve
:Todeserveistobeworthyofsomethingasaresultofone'sactions.
Thedogdeservedaboneforbehavingverywell.
deserveverb/d

v/(presentparticipledeserving,pasttenseandpastparticipledeserved)
B1Ifyoudeservesomethinggoodorbad,itshouldhappentoyoubecauseofthewayyouhave
behaved.
merecer
.
Hedeservestobelockedupforlife.

worthy
adjective/
w

i/(comparativeworthier,superlativeworthiest)
deservingrespect,admiration,orsupport.
digno
.
aworthycauseaworthychampion
worthyofsomething
deservingrespectorsupport.
dignodealgo
.
apoliticianworthyofourrespect

irritate
:Toirritatemeanstoannoysomeone.

Shewasirritatedwhenherbrothertoldherthathehadlosthercamera.

volatile:Whensomethingisvolatile,itislikelytochangesuddenlyandunexpectedly.
Thevolatilevolcanomightexplodeatanymoment.

vine
:Avineisaplantthathaslong,twistingstemsandclimbsupward.
Thebranchesofthetreeswerecoveredwithvines.
vinenoun/va
n/
aplantthatgrapes(=smallfruitusedformakingwine)growon.videira,parreira,trepadeira.
vinenoun[C]uk/va
n/us/va
n/
C1(alsograpevine)the
climbing
plantthat
produces
grapesas
its
fruit
any
typeof
plantthat
climbsor
growsalongthe
groundandhas
twisting
stems:Ivyisa
typeof
vine.
Thevine
twinesroundthe
pole.
Thevineswere
trainedoveran
arch,
providing
shadeaswellas
fruit.
Disease
ravagedhisvines.
Wehavea
grapevinein
our
conservatory.
Wealways
buy
tomatoesonthevine.
a
grapevine.
peavines.

vineyardnoun[C]us/
v
njrd/
a
pieceof
landonwhich
grapevinesare
grown(=
plantsthat
produce
smallround
fruitsused
formaking
wine).
parreiral,vinha,vinhedo.


stem
noun[C]uk/stem/us/stem/
stemnoun[C](CENTRALPART)
a
central
partofsomethingfromwhichother
partscan
developor
grow,orwhich
formsa
support

thesticklike
central
partofa
plantthat
growsabovethe
groundandfromwhich
leavesand
flowers

grow,ora
smaller
thin
partthat
growsfromthe
central
partand
supportsthe
leavesand
flowers:

flowerstems
the
thin
vertical
partofa
glassor
similar
containerthat
joinsthe
partthat
holds
liquidtothe
flat
bottom

partonwhichit
stands:Champagne
glassesusuallyhave
longstems.

stem
noun[C](WORD)
the
partofawordthatis
leftafteryoutakeoffthe
ending:Fromthestem"sav"youget
"
saves","
saved","
saving",and"
saver".
stem
noun[C](WATCH)
US(UKwinder)the
small
partonthe
sideofa
watchthatyou
turnto
movethe
hands(=
parts
that
pointtothe
numbers),ortomakethe
watch
operate
stem
noun[C](SHIP)
the
main
supporting
structureatthe
frontofa
ship

stem

verb
[T]uk/stem/us/stem/(mm)
to
stopsomething
unwantedfrom
spreadingor
increasing:
These
measuresare
designedtostemthe
riseof
violent
crime.
Wemusttake
actiontostemthe
tideof
resignations.

to
stopthe
flowofa
liquidsuchas
blood:
She
tieda
handkerchiefaroundthe
woundtostemthe
flowof
blood.

fromstemtostern
US
fromoneendofsomethingtotheother:
We
overhauledthe
carfromstemto
stern
.

stemfromsth
phrasalverbwithstemuk/stem/us/stem/verb[T](mm)
C1to
startor
developasthe
resultofsomething:
Her
problems
stemfromher
difficult
childhood.
Their
disagreement
stemmedfroma
misunderstanding.

overhaul
verb[T]us/
o
vr
h
l/
to
repairor
improvesomethingsoit
workswell:
They
repairedand
maintained
aircraftandoverhauled
their
engines.
Congressional
leadersare
consideringoverhaulingtheCleanAirAct.
Igotthe
engineoverhauled.
The
governmenthas
recentlyoverhauledthe
healthcare
system.
overhaul
noun[C]us/
o
vr
h
l/

I
think
our
justice
system
needsa
majoroverhaul.
Itookmy
motorbikeinforanoverhaul.

haul
verb[T]uk/h

l/us/h

l/
C2to
pullsomething
heavy
slowlyandwith
difficulty:
Theyhauledthe
boatoutofthe
water.
Shehauledherselfupintothe
tree
.
totakesomethingorsomeone
somewhere,
especiallyby
force:
FBI
agentshauledaway
boxesof
records.
The
policehauledhimoffto
jailin
frontofhis
whole
family.
Hehauledhimselfoverthe
wall,
gruntingwiththe
effort.
A
freight
traincanhaulthousandsof
tonsof
goods.
The
fishermenwerehaulingthe
netsinatthebackofthe
boat.
Ittookthreementohaulthe
roller
acrossthe
pitch.
Wehadtohaulthe
wardrobeupthree
flightsof
stairs.
haul
noun[C]uk/h

l/us/h

l/
haul
noun[C](AMOUNT)
C2ausually
large
amountofsomethingthathasbeen
stolenoris
illegal:ahaulof
arms/
drugs
haulnoun[C](FISH)
the
amountof
fish
caught:Fishermenhavebeen
complainingof
poorhaulsall
year.
haulnoun[C](JOURNEY)
a
journey,oftena
difficultone:Fromthereitwasa
longhaul/onlya
shorthaulbackto
our
camp.

longhauladjective[beforenoun]uk/
l
.h

l/us/
l

.h

l/

travellinga
long
distance:alonghaul
flight.longhaul
truck
drivers.

shorthauladjective[beforenoun]uk/

t.h

l/us/

rt.h

l/

travellinga
short
distance:shorthaul
flights.

haulassUSveryinformal
to
movevery
quicklytoadifferent
place:Whenthe
shooting
startedwe
hauled
assoutof
there.

haulsbupinformal
phrasalverbwithhauluk/h

l/us/h

l/verb[T]
to
forcesomeonetogo
somewhereor
seesomeonein
ordertobe
punishedorto
answer
questionsabout

their
behaviour:Hewas
hauledupin
court/in
frontofa
judge.

dizzy
:Ifsomeoneisdizzy,thentheyfeeloffbalanceasiftheywillfalldown.
Thepregnantwomanwasdizzyafterstandinguptooquickly.
dizzy

adjective
/
d
zi/(comparativedizzier,superlativedizziest)
feelinglikeeverythingisturningaroundandasifyoumightfall.
tonto,vertiginoso.

dizziness
/
d
zins/
noun
[noplural]

tontura,vertigem
.

inland
:Ifsomeonegoesinland,theytravelintothecenterofacountryorland.
Therivercurvedinlandnearthecampground.

inland
adjective,adverb/

nlnd/
awayfromthesea.
no/parao/dointerior
.
Thelandscapechangedaswedrovefurtherinland.

import
:Toimportmeanstobringinaproductfromanothercountry.
Foodsthathavebeenimportedareusuallymoreexpensive.

already
:Ifsomethinghappensalready,ithappensbeforeacertaintime.
Itisalreadytimeforthemovietostart.Let'sgoin.
alreadyadverb/

l
redi/
A2beforenow,orbeforeatimeinthepast.
J
.
Ivealreadytoldhim.Ivealreadyseenthat
movie
.
B1usedtosaythatsomethinghashappenedearlierthanyouexpected.
j
.
Icantbelieveyouvealreadyfinished!

attend:Toattendsomethingistogotoit.
MysisterandIattendthesameschool.

intrigue:Tointriguemeanstocauseaninterestinsomethingorsomeone.
Hermysteriouspastintriguedhernewfriend.

gather
:Togatheristocollectseveralthingsusuallyfromdifferentplaces.
Samgatheredsomeflowersforhismother.

13deabrilde2016

diligentadjectiveus/
d
l
d
nt/

carefuland
seriousin
your
work,ordoneina
carefuland
determinedway:adiligent
worker
Theymadediligent
effortsto
carryout
their
programs.
diligencenoun[U]us/
d
l
d
ns/

pridenoun[noplural]/pra
d/
afeelingofsatisfactionatyourachievementsortheachievementsofyourfamilyorfriends.
orgulho.Shefeltagreatsenseofprideasshewatchedhimaccepttheaward.
therespectthatyoufeelforyourself.orgulho.Shehastoomuchpridetoacceptanyhelp.
swallowyourpride

todecidetodosomethingeventhoughitwillembarrass.youdeixaroorgulhodelado.He
swallowedhisprideandaskedifhecouldhavehisoldjobback.

fur
:noun[noplural]/f

r/
B1thethickhairthatcoversthebodiesofsomeanimalslikecatsandrabbits.
pele,pelo
.
theskinofananimalcoveredinthickhair,usedformakingclothes,orapieceofclothing
madefromthis.
pele
.
afurcoat.

kinglyPronunciation:/
kiNGl/
adjective(kinglier,kingliest)
Associatedwithortypicalofakingregal:hiskinglyduties
Thekinglyorlordlyattitudeisoneway:Imakethesewonderfulobjectsanddon'tyoucome
andmessaboutwiththemormisunderstandthem.
Thekinglookedatherinaverykinglyandgrandfashion.
WhatkinglymagnificencecouldmeanisbroughttolifebythegreatbarrowburialatSutton
HooontheEastAngliancoast.
Derivatives
kinglinessnoun

regalPronunciation:/
r
l/
adjective
Of,resembling,orfitforamonarch,especiallyinbeingmagnificentordignified:regalauthority
herregalbearing

regally
Pronunciation:/
r
l/
adverb

prairie
:Aprairieisalargeflatareaofgrassland.
Theprairiewasperfectforafarmbecausetherewerehillsandtrees.
alarge,flatareaoflandinNorthAmericathatisusuallycoveredingrass.
pradaria
.

destroy:Todestroymeanstodamagesomethingsobadlythatitcannotbeused.
Theglasswasdestroyed.

transaction
:Atransactionisanactofbuyingorsellingsomething.
Becausetheclerkwasnewatthejob,thesimpletransactiontookalongtime.

worthwhile
:Ifsomethingisworthwhile,itisimportantoruseful.
OnhisvisittoCanada,herealizedstudyingEnglishwasworthwhile.

firsthand:Ifsomethingisfirsthand,thenitisfromanoriginalsource.
Ifyouwantfirsthandknowledge,asksomeonewhosawit.


harsh
:Whensomethingisharsh,itisveryunpleasant.
Thedesertcanbeaveryharshenvironment.

log:Alogisathickpieceofwoodthatiscutfromatree.
Thefirewastoosmall,soweaddedanotherlogtoit.
lognoun/l

/
athickpieceofwoodthathasbeencutfromatree.troncodervore,tora,lenha.Weneed
morelogsforthefire.

fragile:Whenpeopleorthingsarefragile,theyarenotstrongandcanbedamagedeasily.
Thefragileglasswarewascarefullypackedintoboxes.

cot:Acotisasmallportablebed.
Atthecamp,theboyscabinwaslinedwithcots.

withdraw
:Towithdrawmeanstoleaveaplace,usuallyduringwar.
Afterlosingthebattle,theenemywithdrewbacktoitsowncountry.

dizzy
adjective/
d
zi/(comparativedizzier,superlativedizziest)
feelinglikeeverythingisturningaroundandasifyoumightfal.l
tonto,vertiginoso
.
dizziness/
d
zins/noun[noplural]

tontura,vertigem
.

bullet:Abulletisasmallmetalobjectthatisshotoutofguns.
bulletscomeindifferentsizesfordifferentguns.

innocence
:innocenceisalackofexperienceofdifficultorcomplexthingsinlife.
Everyonewhometherfoundherinnocencetobecharming.

celestial:Ifsomethingiscelestial,itisrelatedtotheskyortoouterspace.
Cometsarecelestialobjectsthatarerarelyseen.

14deabrilde2016

budgetnoun/
b
d

t/
aplanthatshowshowmuchmoneyyouhaveandhowyouwillspendit.oramento.

lengthnoun/le/
B1howlongsomethingisfromoneendtotheother.comprimento.
Theroomisovereightmetresinlength.

Whatlengtharethecurtains?
theamountoftimethatsomethinglasts.durao.
thelengthofamovie.
noun1[massnoun]Themeasurementorextentofsomethingfromendtoendthegreaterof
twoorthegreatestofthreedimensionsofanobject:thedeltaistwentykilometresinlength
[countnoun]:thefishreachesalengthof10inches

widthnoun/w
t/
thedistancefromonesideofsomethingtotheotherside.largura.
awidthoftwometres.
theyardwasaboutsevenfeetinwidth.
Typicalblockswerefabricatedtomeasurementsofthreefeetinlengthand1.5feetinwidth
andheight.
Cubicmeasurementstakeallthreedimensionsintoconsiderationwidth,lengthandheight.
TheBackbonewasahalfmileofbarrenlimestoneonlyfiftyfeetinwidthwithnearlyvertical
sidesandafewbouldersandafewclumpsofpinesdottingitstop.
Widerangeorextent:thewidthofexperiencerequiredforthesepositions

height/h

t/noun
[massnoun]1Themeasurementofsomeoneorsomethingfromheadtofootorfrombaseto
top:columnsrisingto65feetinheighthewasofmediumheight
heightnoun/ha
t/
B1howtallorhighsomethingorsomeoneisalturaThetowermeasures27.28metresinheight.
B1howfarabovethegroundsomethingisalturaTheplanewasflyingataheightofabout6,000
metres.

depthnoun/dep/
B1thedistancefromthetopofsomethingtothebottom.profundidade.Digahole10cmin
depth.
thequalityofhavingalotofknowledgeorofbeingabletothinkseriouslyaboutsomething.
profundidade.Herwritingshowsastonishingdepth.
indepth
inaverydetailedway.afundo.Ihavestudiedthissubjectindepth.

settlementnoun/
setlmnt/
anofficialagreementthatfinishesanargumentdeciso,acordoapeacesettlement
atownorvillagethatpeoplebuildtoliveinafterarrivingfromsomewhereelseassentamento,
colniaaJewishsettlement

objectverb/b
d
ekt/
tosaythatyoudonotagreewithaplan.fazerobjees,oporse.Carlosobjectedtothe
proposal.

objectnoun/

bd

kt/
B1athingthatyoucanseeortouchbutisnotalive.objeto.Icouldseeabrightobjectinthe
sky.
B1ingrammar,thepersonorthingthatisaffectedbytheactionofaverb.objeto.
theobjectofsomething
thepurposeofsomething.oobjetivo.dealgoTheobjectofthegameistoscoremorepoints
thantheotherteam.

objectionnoun/b
d
ek
n/
areasonwhyyoudonotlikeoragreewithaplan.objeo.Ourmainobjectiontothenew
factoryisthatitsnoisy.

objectiveadjective/b
d
ekt
v/
influencedonlybyfactsandnotbyfeelings.objetivo.IcantbeobjectivewhenIjudgemy
daughterswork.
Anobjectiveisagoalorplanthatsomeonehas.
Myobjectivethisweekistofinishmyhomeworkby7:30everynight.

objectivenoun/b
d
ekt
v/
somethingthatyouaretryingtodo.objetivo.Hismainobjectivewastoincreaseprofits.

unreliable
adjective/

nr

la
bl/
notabletobetrustedordependedon.
noconfive
l.
Thetrainswerenoisy,dirty,and
unreliable
.

reliable
adjective/r

la
bl/
B1abletobetrustedorbelieved.
confivel
.
areliablecar.reliableinformation
Opposite
unreliable
reliably/r

la
bli/adverb
comseguranaIamreliablyinformedthattheconcerthasbeencancelled.

reliability
noun[noplural]/r

la

b
lti/
howreliablesomeoneorsomethingis.
confiana,confiabilidade
.
Imnotsureaboutthereliabilityofthosestatistics.

Toe:
toenoun/t
/
A2oneofthefiveseparatepartsattheendofyourfoot.dedo(dop).

Tough
:Ifsomethingistough,itisdifficult.

Themanpassedhisdrivingtesteventhoughitwasverytough.

Tummy:

tummynoun/
t
mi/(pluraltummies)informal
stomach.barriga.
Mytummy
hurts.
the
stomach,orthe
lower
front
partofthe
body:atummy
ache.

Drought
drought:noun/dra
t/
alongperiodwhenthereisnorainandpeopledonothaveenoughwater.seca.
Aseveredroughtruinedthecrops.

Spread:
spreadverb/spred/(pasttenseandpastparticiplespread)
toarrangesomethingsothatitcoversalargearea.estender,esticar.
Hespreadthecardsoutonthetable.
toaffectalargernumberofpeople.espalhar,propagar.Thevirusisspreadbyrats.
tomoveasoftsubstanceacrossasurfacesothatitcoversit.untarcom.
Hespreadathinlayerofglueonthepaper.
totellinformationtoalotofpeople.espalhar.
Newsofhisdeathspreadquickly.
Spreadthewordtheresapartytomorrow.

Basin:
basinnoun/
be
sn/
B1UKthebowlthatisfixedtothewallinabathroom,whereyoucanwashyourhandslavatrio
mainlyUKabigbowlbacia

Narrow:
narrowadjective/
nr
/
B1beingonlyasmalldistancefromonesidetotheother.estreito.anarrowstreetnarrow
shoulders

Hapless:
haplessadjectiveus/
hpls/

unlucky:hapless
victimsofthe
earthquake
haplessadjective[beforenoun]uk/
hp.ls/us/
hp.ls/formal

unluckyandusually
unhappy:Many
childrenarehapless
victimsofthis
war.

haplesslyadverbuk/
hp.ls.li/us/
hp.ls.li/formal

Drown:drownverb/dra
n/
todiebecauseyouareunderwaterandcannotbreathe,ortokillsomeoneinthisway.
afogar(se).

Enthusiasm:enthusiasmisaverystronggoodfeelingaboutsomething.
Thecrowdshowedtheirenthusiasmforthesoccerteambycheeringloudly.

Objective:Anobjectiveisagoalorplanthatsomeonehas.
Myobjectivethisweekistofinishmyhomeworkby7:30everynight.

intestines:intestinesaretubesthroughwhichfoodpassesafteritleavesthestomach.
Whateveryoueatgoesintoyourintestines.

simultaneous
:Whensomethingissimultaneous,itoccursatthesametimeassomethingelse.
Themovementofthegearsinsidethewatchwassimultaneous.

wavy:Whensomethingiswavy,itisnotstraightbuthasaseriesofcurves.
Thechilddrewwavylinesalloverthepieceofpaper.

considerate
adjective/kn
s
drt/
kindandhelpful.atencioso.apoliteandconsideratechild
Itwasn'tveryconsiderateofyouto
drinkallthe
milk.
Opposite:inconsiderate.
adjectiveus/kn
s
drt/

caringaboutand
respectfulof
others:Heisalwaysa
kindandconsiderate
host.

preview:Apreviewisanopportunitytoseesomethingbeforeitisavailabletothepublic.
Thebandplayedusapreviewoftheirnewsong.

govern:Togovernistocontrolthepublicbusinessofacountry,state,orcity.
TheUnitedStatesisgovernedfromtheWhiteHouse.

deterioration:deteriorationistheactofbecomingworse.
Thelackofcareledtothedeteriorationofthehouse.

bath:Abathiswaterinatub.Peopletakeabathtogetclean.
Afterplayinginthedirt,theboytookabath.
bathnoun/b

/
A1anactofwashingyourbodywhensittinginwater.
banho
.
Imgoingtohaveabath/takea
bath
.
A1UK(USbathtub)thecontainerthatyoufillwithwaterandsitintowashyourbody.
banheira
.

weep
:Toweepmeanstocry.
Mysistertoldmethedramaticmoviewouldmakemeweep.

gamble
:Togamblemeanstoplayagamethatinvolveswinningorlosingmoney.
Manypeopleliketogotocasinostogamble.

profile:Aprofileisanoutlineofaface,usuallyasseenfromtheside.
ThedrawingofOliviasprofilecameoutverywell.
profilenoun/
pr
fa
l/
ashortdescriptionofaperson,organization,etc.,givingthemaindetailsaboutthem.perfil.
Hesupdatedhisprofileonthewebsite.
asideviewofsomeonesfaceorhead.perfil.Thepictureshowshiminprofile.

harras
:Toharasssomeonemeanstoannoyortroublethem.
Thechildrenharassedtheirmotherbecausetheywantedherattention.
Harass
verb
[T]us/h
rs,
hrs/to
annoyor
troublesomeone
repeatedly:
He
claimedthatthe
police
continuedtoharass
foreignjournalists.
She
feltshewasbeingharassedbythecoachs
constant
demands.
atormentar,incomodar,perturbar.

rob
:Torobapersonorplaceistotaketheirpropertybyusingforce.
Athiefhasrobbedmeofmypassport.

disgust
:disgustisafeelingofdistasteandangercausedbysomethingrudeorunpleasant.

Hefeltdisgusttowardhisdatebecauseshehadsuchterribleeatinghabits.

spouse
:Aspouseisthepersontowhomsomeoneismarried.
Iliveinahomewithmyspouseandourtwochildren.

archeological:Whensomethingisarcheological,itrelatestoarcheology.
Theyfoundarcheologicalevidencethatprovedanancientspeciesofman.

account:

Steer
:verb/st
r/
tocontrolthedirectionofacar,boat,etc.
virarovolante,fazercurva
.
Itriedtosteertheboatawayfromthebank.

mob
:Amobisalargecrowdofpeoplethatoftenwantstocauseviolence.
Thecopierwasdestroyedbyamobofangryworkers.
mobnoun/m
b/
alargegroupofpeoplethatisoftenviolentornotorganized.turba,multido.anangrymob.

own
:Toownsomethingmeanstohaveit.Thatthingbelongstoyou.
Mygrandfatherownsthathouse.

flexible
:Ifsomethingisflexible,thenitcanbendeasilywithoutbreaking.
Thetreebranchwassoflexibleitcouldbebentintoacircleandnotbreak.

bend
:
bendverb/bend/(pasttenseandpastparticiplebent)
tomoveyourbodyorpartofyourbodysothatitisnotstraight.
inclinarse,dobrar,curvar
.
Bendyourkneeswhenliftingheavyobjects.
tobecomecurved,ortomakesomethingbecomecurved.
dobrar,curvar,inclinarse,fazer
umacurva
.
Theroadbenttotheleft.

abandon
:Toabandonsomethingistoleaveitforeverorforalongtime.
Theoldroomhadbeenabandonedyearsbefore.

climb

verb
/kla
m/
A2togoupsomething.
escalar,subir,trepar
.
Slowlyweclimbedthehill.

tomoveintooroutofasmallspace,oftenwithdifficultyoreffort.
entrarem/sairdeumlugar
apertado
.
Thebabyhadmanagedtoclimboutofhiscot.

climb
/kla
m/
noun

escalada
.
alongclimb.

climbing

noun
[noplural]/
kla
m
/
A2thesportofclimbingmountains,hills,orrocks.
alpinismo
.
mountainclimbing.climbingboots.

climber

noun
/
kla
mr/
someonewhoclimbsmountains,hills,orrocksasasport.
alpinista
.

contradict
:Tocontradictmeanstostatetheoppositeofwhatsomeoneelsehas.
Kenwasalwaysfightingwithhislittlesisterbecauseshekeptcontradictinghim.

glacier:Aglacierisalargepieceoficethatmovesveryslowly.
TheNorthPoleiscoveredbyahugeglacier.

bill:Abillisastatementofmoneyowedforgoodsoraservice.
IhavesomanybillsthatIdonotknowhowtopayforthemall.

soar
:Tosoarmeanstoflyhighintheair.
Asthesunrose,twoeaglessoaredthroughthesky.

notorious:Whensomethingisnotorious,itiswellknownbecauseofsomethingbad.
Thisareaoftownisnotoriousforgangactivity.

public
:Ifsomethingispublic,itismeantforeveryonetouse.


Iwenttothepublicparktoplaywithmyfriends.

horrible:Ifsomethingishorrible,itisverybad.
Theassignmentwashorrible.Ihatedit.

console
:Toconsolesomeonewhoissadmeanstomakethemcomforted.
Whenmydogranaway,mydadconsoledme.

respiration
:respirationistheactofbreathing.
Artificialrespirationisthebestthingtodoifsomeonestopsbreathing.

breath
noun/bre/
B1[noplural]theairthatcomesoutofyourlungs.
respirao
.
Hisbreathsmellsofgarlic.

anamountofairthatgoesintooroutofyourlungs.
respirao
.
Shetookadeepbreathbefore
shestarted
.
beoutofbreath
tobebreathingquicklybecauseyouhavebeendoingexercise.
estarsemflego
.
holdyourbreath
tokeepairinyourlungsandnotletitout.
prenderarespirao
.
Howlongcanyouholdyour
breathunderwater?

sacrifice:Tosacrificesomethingvaluableistogiveituptogetsomethingelse.
Herparentssacrificedalotofmoneyinorderforhertogotocollege.

15deabrilde2016

delightnoun[CorU]uk/d

la
t/us/d

la
t/
B2(somethingorsomeonethatgives)
great
pleasure,
satisfaction,or
happiness:Mysister's
little
boyisa
realdelight.I
read
your
letterwith
greatdelight.The
children
squealedindelight
whenthey
sawallthe
presentsunderthe
Christmas
tree.He
seemstotake
greatdelightin(=
enjoys)

teasinghis
sister.
thedelightsofsth
the
pleasuresofsomething:We'rejust
discoveringthedelightsofbeing
retired.
He
guffawedwithdelightwhenhe
heardthe
news.
My
initial
surprisewas
soon
replacedbydelight.
Thelittledog's
tail
waggedindelight.
Her
eyes
shonewithdelight.
Whenhis
wife
borehima
childhecouldnot
hidehisdelight.
happinessandexcitedpleasure.prazer.Thechildrenscreamedwithdelight.
delightverb[T]us/d

t/
togivesomeone
great
pleasureor
satisfaction:

The
songsofcountrypeopleandof
sailorsdelightme.
Peters
successat
college
delightedhis
family.
Peter's
academic
successdelightedhis
family.
delightinsomethingphrasalverbwithdelightus/d

t/verb[T]
to
enjoysomething,esp.doingsomething
annoyingtosomeone
else:My
brotheralways
delightsin
tellingmewhenImakea
mistake.

eaglenoun/
i

l/
alargewildbirdwithabig,curvedbeak,thathuntssmalleranimals.guia.
B2a
large,
strong
birdwitha
curved
beakthat
eats
meatandcan
seeverywell
Abovethe
mountain,eagles
circledin
soundless
flight.
We
sawtheeagle
swoopfromthe
skyto
catch
its
prey.

16deabrilde2016

Sneaker
noun[C]uk/
sni
.kr/us/
sni
.k
/US(UKtrainer)
A2a
typeof
light,
comfortable
shoethatis
suitablefor
playing
sports
asoftsportsshoe.
Tnis
.

venom:venomisapoisonoussubstancethatcomesfromanimalsorplants.
Asnakesvenomcanbeusedtocuretheillnessesitcreates.

alliviate:Toalleviatepainorsufferingmeanstomakeitlessintenseorsevere.
Sheneededsomethingtoalleviatethepaininherback.

wool
noun[noplural]/w
l/
A2thickthreadormaterialthatismadefromthehairofasheeplawoolsuit
thesoft,thickhaironasheepl
pullthewooloversomeoneseyes
todeceivesomeoneinordertopreventthemfromdiscoveringsomethingenganaralgum,
passarapernaemalgum

scarf
noun/sk

f/(pluralscarves/sk

vz/)
A2apieceofcloththatyouweararoundyourneckorheadtokeepwarmorfordecoration
echarpe,lenolongo

archer
:Anarcherisapersonwhousesabowandarrows.
Theexpertarcherhitthetargeteverytime.

clerk
noun/kl

k/someonewhoworksinanofficebutdoesnothaveanimportantjob.
escriturrio,a.

abankclerk

invasion:Aninvasionisanattackbyagroupfromanothercountry.
InKorea,wallswerebuiltaroundcitiestoprotectthemfrominvasions.

huge:Ifsomethingishuge,itisverybig.
Atwork,myfatherdrivesahugetruck.

dump
:Todumpsomethingmeanstothrowitawayorgetridofit.
Shedumpedthegarbageintothetrashcan.
dumpverb/d
mp/
toputsomethingsomewheretogetridofit.
jogar(fora),despejar
.
Thecompanywasfinedforillegallydumpingtoxicchemicals.
toquicklyputsomethingsomewhere.
desfazersede,jogar
.
Hedumpedhisbagonthetable.

Dump
noun/d
mp/
aplacewherepeopletakethingsthattheydonotwantdepsitodelixo

garbage
noun[noplural]/

b
d
/US(UKrubbish)
thingsthatyouthrowawaybecauseyoudonotwantthemlixo,refugoCouldyoutakeoutthe
garbage?
somethingthatiswrongorverybaddroga,porcaria,asneiraTheressomuchgarbageonTV.

allow
:Toallowsomethingtohappenmeanstoletithappen.
Havingaticketwillallowyoutoentertheshow.

sin:Asinissomethingiswrongforreligiousreasons.
Takingsomethingthatdoesn'tbelongtoyouisasin.

panic:Topanicistofeelsonervousorafraidthatyoucannotthinkclearly.
Everyonepanickedwhenthehousecaughtonfire.

juvenile
noun/
d
u
vna
l/
especiallyinlaw,ayoungperson.menordeidade,jovem.

juvenile
adjectiveuk/
d
u
.vn.a
l/us/
d
u
.v.nl/
C1formalorspecializedlaw
relatingtoa
young
personwhoisnot
yet
oldenoughtobe
consideredan

adult:juvenile
crime/
offenders
disapproving
sillyand
typicalofa
child:juvenile
behaviourajuvenile
senseof
humour
juvenilenoun[C]uk/
d
u
.vn.a
l/us/
d
u
.v.nl/
a
young
person

pubescent
adjectiveuk/pju

bes.nt/us/pju

bes.nt/

Apubescent
childisatthe
stagein
lifewhentheyare
developingfroma
childintoan
adultand
becoming

abletohave
children:pubescent
girls/
boys

to
assimilate
:['s
m
le
t]
Assimilateisoftenfollowedbyinto.
Notalloftheoverseasstudentscouldassimilateintotherigidlycontrolledschool.
assimilate
verb[I/T]us/
s
m
le
t/
totakeinandmakea
partof
your
basic
knowledgesomething
learnedfrom
others,sothatyou
canuseitas
yourown:[IorT](LEARN)
[T]Wehopedthe
studentswouldassimilatethe
information
containedinthe
lecture.
It'shardtoassimilatesomuch
information.
Peoplewhoareor
becomeassimilatedina
society
become
similarto
othersby
learningand
usingthe
customsand
cultureofthenew
society:[IorT](JOIN)
[T]Once
outsiders,theyhadnowbeenassimilatedintothe
cultural
mainstream.
The
EuropeanUnionshould
remain
flexibleenoughtoassimilatemore
countries
quickly.You
shouldn't
expect
immigrantstoassimilateintoan
alien
culture
immediately.
assimilateverb[IorT](ABSORB)
to
absorb
foodora
substanceintothe
tissueofa
living
organism:Inthis
form
vitaminscanbe
easilyassimilatedbythe

body.
assimilable
adjectiveuk/
s
m.
.l.bl/us/
s
m..l.bl/
A
textbook
needstobeassimilable(=
abletobe
understood)to
sellalotof
copies.

donkey
noun/
d
ki/
B1ananimalthatlookslikeasmallhorsewithlongears.
asno,burro
.

snatch
verb/snt
/
totakesomethingorsomeonequicklyandsuddenly.
arrancar,arrebatar
.
Billsnatchedthephonefrommyhand.

Tosnatchsomethingmeanstotakeitawaywithaquickmotion.
Hewassohungrythathesnatchedanapplefromatree.

stable['ste
b()l]
Firmanddependableshowinglittlechange

to
rotate
[ru'te
t]
Torotatesomethingmeanstoturnitaroundinacircle.
Anairplane'spropellersrotatequicklytohelpitfly.
Theplanetrotatesonitsaxisonceevery14Earthdays.
Thechildrenrotateclassroomresponsibilitiesonaweeklybasis.

sentiment['sent
mnt]

Sentiments(theplural)ismorecommonthansentiment.
Ishareyoursentimentsaboutairtravel,butIdisagreethatcarsaresafer.

allegedly
:['le

dl
]
Accordingtowhatpeoplesay.

avein[ve
n]
Shebecamefascinatedwithhumananatomy,especiallywhenshelearnedhowveinstransport
oxygen.

todecline[d
'kla
n]
Todecreaseinpoweroramount.

avillainy['v
ln
]
Fredwasnotanaturalcriminal,buthelearnedallkindsofvillainywhilebeingjailedforaminor
crime.

stand
verb/stnd/(presentparticiple
standing
,pasttenseandpastparticiple
stood
)
A2tobeinaverticalpositiononyourfeet.
estardep
.
Westoodthereforanhour.
Hesstandingoverthere,nexttoKaren.
A2(alsostandup)torisetoaverticalpositiononyourfeetfromsittingorlyingdown.
levantarse,ficardep
.
IgetdizzyifIstanduptooquickly.
Pleasestandwhenthebridearrives.

tobeinaparticularplaceorposition.
ficar,encontrarse
.
Thetowerstandsinthemiddleofafield.

toputsomethinginaparticularplaceorposition.
pr,colocar
.
Shestoodtheumbrellabythedoor.

cantstandsomeone
/somethinginformal
B1tohatesomeoneorsomething.
nosuportaralgum/algo
.
Icantstandhimhessorude!
Shecantstanddoinghousework.

standinsomeonesway
totrytostoporprevent.
atrapalharalgum
.
YouknowIwontstandinyourwayifyouwanttoapplyforajobabroad.

standingonyourhead
Ifyoucandosomethingstandingonyourhead,youcandoitveryeasily.
comospsnas
costas
.
ItsthesortofprogramAndrewcouldwritestandingonhishead.

biased
['ba
st]Leaningunfairlyinonedirection
Hernewspaperarticlewascriticizedforbeingheavilybiasedtowardthemayorsproposal.

biased
adjective/
ba
st/

showingunfairsupportfororoppositiontosomeoneorsomethingbecauseofyourpersonal
opinions.
parcial,tendencioso,preconceituoso
.
tobebiasedagainst/towardsbiasedagainst/towardyoungerworkers

lean
:verb/li
n/(pasttenseandpastparticipleUK/USleaned,UKleant)
tomovethetoppartofyourbodyinaparticulardirection.
inclinarse,apoiarse
.
Sheleanedforwardsoshecouldhearbetter.
Dontleanoutofthewindow.

to
tolerate
['t
lre
t]Toavoidgettingupsetaboutsomething.
tolerateverb/
t
lre
t/
toacceptorallowsomethingalthoughyoudonotlikeit.
Tolerar
.
Wewillnottolerateracismofanysort
.

civil
['s
vl]Involvingadisputebetweentwocitizens,notacriminalcharge.
Inacourtcontext,civilalmostalwaysappearsinoneofthefollowingphrases:civilsuit,civil
action,civilcourt,civilproceedings,andcivilpenalties.
Inacivilsuitagainsthisneighbor,Barneyclaimedthattheneighborsdoghadbittenhim.

to
convict
[kn'v
kt]
Todecidethatsomeoneisguiltyofacrime.
Convictisoftenusedinthepassivevoice.
Deanwasconvictedofassaultafterthejurysawavideoofhimstrikinganotherman
.

to
devise
[d
'va
z]
Tofindanoriginalwaytomakeanobjectoraplan.
Thesoldiersdevisedawaytocrosstheriverintoenemyterritorywithoutbeingseen
.

arelic['rel
k]
Somethingleftfromalongagoculture,timeperiod,orperson.

toretain[r
'te
n]
Tokeeporhold

distinctly
[d
'st
ktl
]
Clearly
distinctadjective/d

st
kt/
differentandseparate.
distinto
.Thiswordhasthreedistinctmeanings.
clearandeasytoseeorhear.claro,ntido.Thevoicesgraduallybecamelouderandmore
distinct.
distinctly/d

st
ktli/adverb

claramente,nitidamente
Idistinctlyremembersayingthatwewouldmeetatnoon.


exotic
[
g'z
t
k]
Interestingorunusualbecauseofcomingfromafarawayplace.

alongitude['l
n

tju
d]
AsystemofimaginarylinesrunningfromnorthtosouthalongtheEarthssurface,whereeach
lineisnumberedfrom0to
180westoreast

to
suspend
[s'spend]
Tocausetostopforaperiodtohangastoallowfreemovement.
Thetrialwassuspendedwhenthejudgelearnedthatoneofthejurymembersknewthe
defenselawyer.
Thecircusacrobatwassuspendedinmidair.

an
affluence
['flun(t)s]
Wealthandthestyleoflifethatgoeswithit
affluencenoun[noplural]/
fluns/
thequalityofbeingaffluent.
opulncia,abundncia
.

affluent
adjective/
flunt/
havingalotofmoney.
opulento,abundante,rico
.
affluentfamilies/neighbourhoods.

a
piracy
['pa
rs
]
Stealingashiportakingtheshipscargotheunlawfulcopyingofbooks,CDs,etc.
Moderndaypiracyoccursmostlyneargroupsofsmall,uninhabitedislandswherepiratescan
hide.
Thesoftwarecompanyconstantlybattledpiracy.

a
forensics
[f'ren(t)s
ks]
Theuseofscienceandtechnologytoinvestigatefactsincriminalcases.
Advancesinthestudyofforensicshavemadeitmucheasiertoidentifycriminalsfromvery
smalltracesofevidence
.

descendant[d
'send()nt]
Adirectrelativeinalatergeneration(suchasonesson,daughter,orgrandchild)

watchnoun/w
t
/
A1asmallclockonastrapthatyoufastenaroundyourarmrelgiodepulso
[noplural]anactofwatchingorgivingattentiontosomethingorsomeonesentinela,vigia
Werekeepingaclosewatchonthesituation.

watchverb/w
t
/

A1tolookatsomethingforaperiodoftimeolhar,observar,assistirThekidsarewatchingTV.I
watchedhimashearrived.
tobecarefulaboutsomethingtomarcuidado(com)Shehastowatchwhatsheeats.

gear
noun/

r/
thepartsinacarorbicyclethatcontrolhowfastthewheelsturn.
marcha
.Ihaveamountain
bikewith21gears.
first,second,third,etc.gear
aparticularpositionofthegearsinacar,bicycle,etc.thatcontrolshowfastthewheelsturn.
primeira,segunda,terceira,etc.marcha
.Ileftthecarinfirstgear.
changegear
tochangethepositionofthegearstomakeavehiclegofasterormoreslowly.
engatar
marchas,trocardemarcha,mudardemarcha
.Ichangedgeargoingupthehill.
changegears
tochangethepositionofthegearstomakeavehiclegofasterormoreslowly.
engatar
marchas,trocardemarcha,mudardemarcha
.
[noplural]theclothesandthingsthatyouuseforaparticularpurpose.
acessrios,
equipamento
.sportsgear

gear
noun(EQUIPMENT)
[U]
equipmentor
clothesusedfora
particular
activity:
campinggear.

acast[k

st]
Thegroupofactorsinaplay,movie,televisionshow,etc.

inherent[
n'h
()rnt]
Naturallycharacteristicalwaysfoundwithinsomething,becauseitsabasicpartofthatthing.
Inherentisoftenfollowedbyin.
Nojobcanbeinterestingallthetime.Boredomisinherentinanykindofwork
.

to
intervene
[

nt'vi
n]Tocomebetween.
intervene
verb
/

nt
vi
n/
tobecomeinvolvedinasituationinordertotrytostopafight,argument,problem,etc.
intervir,
interporse
.
Governmentofficialsrefusedtointerveneintherecentdisputes.
Theforcesintervenedtostoptheattack.
Agoodmediatorintervenesonlyasmuchasnecessarytosettleadisputebetweenother
parties.

to
promote
[pr'mut]Tomovesomeonetoahigherpositioninacompany.
Promoteisveryoftenfollowedbyatophraseindicatingthepositiononehasbeenmovedupto.
BecauseofhisexcellenthandlingoftheVredemanaccount,JimHarriswaspromotedtovice
president.

17deabrilde2016

Ladder
:
noun
/
ldr/
B1athingthatyouclimbupwhenyouwanttoreachahighplace,withtwolongpiecesjoined
togetherbyshorterpieces.escada.

ladder
nounuk/
ld.r/us/
ld.
/
laddernoun(EQUIPMENT)
B1[C]a
pieceof
equipmentusedfor
climbingupanddown,thatconsistsoftwo
vertical
barsor
piecesof

rope
joinedtoeachotherbyasetof
horizontal
steps:Shewasupaladder,
cleaning
the
window.
Gettinguptheladderwas
easyenoughitwascomingdownthatwasthe
problem.
Theladderwon't
quite
reachthe
topofthe
wall.
My
son
brokea
ribwhenhe
felloffaladder.
Thatladderdoesn't
look
safe.
Oneofthe
stepsontheladderis
broken.

ladder
noun(SERIESOFSTAGES)
C1[S]a
seriesof
increasingly
important
jobsor
stagesina
particular
typeof
workor
process:
Oncehe
startedatParamountin1967,he
moved
rapidlyupthe
corporateladder.afirst
rung/

steponthe
employmentladder

ladder
noun(HOLE)
[C]UK(USrun)a
long,
vertical
holeina
pairof
tightsora
stocking

ladder
noun(COMPETITION)
[C]mainlyUK(alsoladdertournament)(in
particular
sports)a
systeminwhichallthe
players
who
play
regularlyaregivena
positionina
listandcan
improve
their
positionby
beatingother
playersinthat

list:a
squashladder

Ladder
verb[IorT]uk/
ld.r/us/
ld.
/UK
(USrun)Ifa
pairof
tightsora
stockingladdersorifyouladderit,a
long
hole
appearsinit:
Damn!That'sthesecond
pairof
tightsI'veladderedtoday!

misbehave
verb/
m
sb

he
v/(presentparticiplemisbehaving,pasttenseandpast
participlemisbehaved)
tobehavebadly.
comportarsemal
.

upset

adjective
/
p
set/
A2sadorworriedbecausesomethingbadhashappened.
aborrecido,chateado
.

Theyhadanargumentandshesstillupsetaboutit.

confide
[kn'fa
d]Totellverypersonalthings.
Confideisalmostalwaysfollowedbyaninphrase.
Teenagersaremorewillingtoconfideinafriendthaninaparent.

trace:Totracesomethingmeanstofollowoveritwiththeeyesorafinger.
Hetracedoverthegraphwithhisfinger.

deny:Todenysomethingistosayitisnottrue.
Theboydeniedthathebrokethewindow.

mode:Amodeisasettingorconditiononamachine.
MotherturnedtheTVtoquietmodewhileshetalkedonthephone.

via:Totravelviasomethingmeanstotravelthroughorusingsomething.
Wearrivedinthecityfromtheairportviathetrain.

arc:Anarcisacurvedshape.
Arainbowhastheshapeofanarc.

rainbownoun/
re
nb
/
acurvedshapewithcoloursthatsometimesappearsintheskywhenthesunshinesthrough
rain.arcoris.

bowverb/ba
/
tobendyourheadorbodyforwardinordertoshowrespectortothankanaudience.fazer
umareverncia,inclinarse.Theactorsallbowedaftertheperformance.

bownoun/ba
/
anactofbendingyourheadorbodyforwardreverncia,mesuraTheactorscamebackon
stageandtookabow.

bownoun/b
/
aknotwithtwocirclesthatisusedtotieshoesorasadecorationlao
apieceofcurvedwoodwithstringattachedtobothends,usedforshootingarrowsarco
along,thinpieceofwoodwithhairstretchedbetweentheends,usedtoplaysomemusical
instrumentsarco

expand:Toexpandistobecomebiggerinsize.
Aballoonwillexpandasyoublowairintoit.

etc.Toexpandistobecomebiggerinsize.
Aballoonwillexpandasyoublowairintoit.

muffinnoun[C]uk/
m
f.
n/us/
m
f.
n/
muffinnoun[C](CAKE)
a
small
sweet
cakethatoftenhas
fruitinsideit:
blueberrymuffins

muffinnoun[C](BREAD)
UK(USEnglishmuffin)a
smallround
flat
typeof
bread,usually
slicedintwoand
eaten
hot
with
butter

manner
:Amanneristhewaysomeonedoessomething.
Hismannerofnotlookingatsomeonewhilespeaking,isabitrude.

frequent:Ifsomethingisfrequent,thenithappensorisdoneoften.
WhileDadwassick,thedoctormadefrequentvisitstohishouse.

probable:Ifsomethingisprobable,itislikelytohappen.
Itisprobablethatyouwillgetagoodgradeifyoustudyforthetest.

abroad:Ifsomeonegoesortraveingyousaytotellpeoplethatyoudon'tlikesomething.
Momsaidshedidn'twanttohearmybrother'scomplaints.

ideal:Ifsomethingisideal,itisthebestthatitcanpossiblybe.
Thishouseisanidealplaceformyfamily.Ithaseverythingweneed.

rot
:Whensomethingrots,itslowlygetssofterandisdestroyed.

Theoldlogbegantorotintheforest
.
rotverb/r
t//r
t/(presentparticiplerotting,pasttenseandpastparticiplerotted)
tobecomebadandsoftbecauseofbeingdeadorold.
apodrecer,estragar
.
Thefruithadbeenlefttorotonthetrees.
Sugarrotsyourteeth.

soft
adjective/s
ft/
A2nothard,andeasytopresssuave,macioasoftcushionCooktheonionuntilitissoft.
Oppositehardadj
A2smoothandpleasanttotouchsuave,maciosofthair/skinOpposite
rough
B1Asoftsoundisveryquiet.suave,doceHespokeinasoftvoice.
B1Asoftcolourorlightisnotbright.suavesoftyellowpaintOppositebright
tookindbrando,mole,suaveYouretoosofttobeateacher.

automobile:Anautomobileisacar.

Thefirstautomobileswereverydifferentfromtheonesthatexisttoday.lsabroad,theygoto
anothercountry.
Mybrotherwantstogoabroadnextyear.

artist:Anartistisapersonwhopaints,draws,ormakessculptures.
HewenttoParistobecomeanartist.

household:Ahouseholdisallthepeoplewholiveinonehouse.
Ourhouseholdismadeupofmyfather,mymotherandme.

satisfatcion:satisfactionisafeelingyougetwhenyoudoorreceivesomethinggood.
Bradwasfilledwithsatisfactionwhenhesawwhatwasfordinner.

sophisticated:Ifsomeoneissophisticated,theyknowmanythingsabouttheworld.
JakeisoneofthemostsophisticatedpersonsIveevermet.

license:Alicenseisanofficialdocumentthatgivesonepermissiontodosomething.
IntheUnitedStatesyouneedadriver'slicensetodrivelegally.

evident:Whensomethingisevident,itiseasytoseeorunderstand.
Itwasevidentfromthelookonhisfacethathewasunhappy.

typhoon
:Atyphoonisalargetropicalstormthatmovesincircles.
ThousandsofpeoplelostelectricityafteratyphoonhitAustralia.
typhoonnoun/ta

fu
n/
aviolentstormwithverystrongwinds
tufo

stormnoun/st

m/
A2verybadweatherwithalotofrainorsnowandstrongwindtempestade,tormentaStorms
willhitthecoastthisevening.StrongstormswillmovethroughChicagothisevening.

sigh
:Tosighistobreatheoutloudlyandshowthatyouaretiredorsad.

Mollysighedwhenshelookedatalltheinformationshehadtoresearch.

sighverb/sa
/
tomakeanoisewhenyoubreatheout,oftenbecauseyouaresad.
suspirar
.
Hesigheddeeplyandsatdown.

sigh/sa
/noun
suspiro
.
asighofrelief

verify
:Toverifymeanstofindoutifsomethingistrue.
Juliancalledthemovietheatertoverifythatthemoviestartedatnine.

hay
:hayisdrygrassusedtofeedanimalsorusedasacovering.
Ineedtobuysomemorehayforthehorsetosleepon.

haynoun[noplural]/he
/
driedgrassforanimalstoeat.
feno
.

thick
:Ifsomethingisthick,itiswideandsolid.

ThefogwassothickthatIcouldn'tseethroughit.

thick
adjective/
k/
B1Somethingthatisthickislargerthanusualbetweenitsoppositesides.
grosso
.
athicklayerofsnow
Opposite
thin
usedtosayhowlongthedistanceisfromonesideofsomethingtotheother.
deespessura,
degrossura
.
apieceofwoodsixinchesthick.

B1growingveryclosetogetherandinlargeamounts.
grosso,espesso,cerrado
.
thick,darkhair
Thicksmoke,cloud,orfogisdifficulttoseethrough.
espesso
.
Thick,blacksmokewaspouringoutofthechimney
.
Athicksubstanceorliquidhasalotofwaterinit.
espesso,grosso
.
athicksauce.

UKinformal:notintelligent.
burro,idiota,estpido
.

fognoun[noplural]/f

/
A2athickcloudclosetothegroundthatmakesitdifficulttoseeneblina,nvoaThefogshould
lift(=clear)bythisafternoon.
foggy/
f

i/adjective(comparativefoggier,superlativefoggiest)
A2nebulosoafoggyday

complaint
:Acomplaintissomethingyousaytotellpeoplethatyoudon'tlikesomething.

Momsaidshedidn'twanttohearmybrother'scomplaints.

ideal
:Ifsomethingisideal,itisthebestthatitcanpossiblybe.
Thishouseisanidealplaceformyfamily.Ithaseverythingweneed.

rot
:Whensomethingrots,itslowlygetssofterandisdestroyed.
Theoldlogbegantorotintheforest.
rotverb/r
t//r
t/(presentparticiplerotting,pasttenseandpastparticiplerotted)
tobecomebadandsoftbecauseofbeingdeadoroldapodrecer,estragarThefruithadbeen
lefttorotonthetrees.Sugarrotsyourteeth.

automobile
:Anautomobileisacar.
Thefirstautomobileswereverydifferentfromtheonesthatexisttoday.

18deabrilde2016

gutted
adjectiveuk/

t.
d/us/

t
.
d/UKslang


extremely
disappointedand
unhappy:
Hewasguttedwhenshe
finishedthe
relationship.

gutter
noun/

tr/
theedgeofaroadwherewaterflowsaway.
sarjeta
.

guts
noun[plural]/

ts/informal
thecouragethatyouneedtodosomethingdifficultorfrightening.
coragem,peito
.
Ittakesgutstoadmitthatyouwerewrong.

bowel
noun[Cusuallyplural]uk/
ba
.l/us/
ba
.l/
the
long
tubethat
carries
solid
wastefromthe
stomachoutofthe
body:
intestino
:
Hehas
troublewithhisbowels.bowel
cancer/
cancerofthebowel
moveyourbowels
(said
especiallyby
doctorsand
nurses)to
excrete(=
passfromthe
body)the
solid
wastethat
is
containedinthebowels

thebowelsofsth
the
partsofsomethingthatare
furthestawayfromthe
outside:The
fire
started
deepinthe
bowelsofthe

ship.

furthestadjective,adverb/
f

st/
B1superlativeoffar:mostdistant.superlativodefar:maisdistante,maislonge.
Whatisthefurthestdistanceyoucanrun?

gutnoun[C/U]us/

t/
gutnoun[C/U](STOMACH)
the
bowelsorthe
stomach:[U]Ihada
feelingof
sickness
deepinthegut.

Yourgutisalsothe
front
partof
your
bodynearthe
waist:[Cusuallysing]Hed
addedafew
extra

poundstohisgut.
Thegutsofa
machineare
its
inner,
necessary
parts:[pl]The
front
panelwas
attachedtothe
gutsofthe
unitbythreecolorcoded
wires.
gutadjective[notgradable]us/

t/

gutadjective[notgradable](FEELING)
comingfromorhavingtodowith
your
emotions,notfrom
thought:Mygut
reactioniswed
betternotget

involved.
gutverb[T]us/

t/(tt)
gutverb[T](DESTROY)
to
destroyor
removetheinside
partsofa
building:The
warehousewasguttedonlythe
charred

walls
remained.

tocontemplate['k
ntmple
t]
Ifyoucontemplateeachstepforsolong,wewillnevercompletethisprojectontime.


toextract[
k'strkt]
InternationalminingcompaniescametotheMalayPeninsulatoextracttheregionsmassivetin
deposits.

proportionately[pr'p

()nt]
Thefoodaidwasdistributedproportionatelyperfamily,withlargerfamiliesreceivingmore.

potent['put()nt]
AverypotenttypeofmarijuanawithsurprisinglystrongeffectsbecameavailableinBurrytown.

majority:Amajorityofsomethingisalmostallofthepeopleorthingsinthatgroup.
AmajorityofthepeoplevotedforTomSmithintheelection.

microbe:Amicrobeisaverysmalllivingthingthatoftenmakespeoplesick.
Thefirststepincuringadiseaseisfindingthemicrobethatcausesthedisease.

dice:dado?

comfort:Tocomfortsomeonemeanstomakethemfeelbetter.
IwantedtocomfortmyfriendafterIheardthebadnews.

shine:Toshineistomakeabrightlight.
Thecandlesareshiningthedarkroom.

intact:Whensomethingisintact,itiscompleteandnotdamaged.
Despitebeingovertenyearsold,myfathersmodelshipisstillintact.

parisate:Aparasiteisatinyanimalorplantthatattachestoanotheranimaltogetfood.
Thesickdogwascoveredinparasites.

contept
:contemptisthefeelingofhavingnorespectforsomething.
Thejudgehadcontemptforthewickedcriminal.

wicked
adjective/
w
k
d/
verybadandmorallywrong.
mau,malvado,maldoso
.
awickedman
.
veryinformalverygood.
timo
.
Theysellsomewickedclothes.

wickedly
/
w
k
dli/adverb
maldosamente
.
wickedness
/
w
k
dns/
noun
[noplural]
maldade
.

wick

noun
[C]uk/w
k/us/w
k/
a
pieceof
stringinthe
centreofa
candle,ora
similar
partofa
light,that
supplies
fueltoa
flame

Idioms
getonsb'swick
wick

verb
[T]uk/w
k/us/w
k/
to
absorb
liquidfromsomethingand
removeit:These
special
fabricswick
moisturefrom
athletes'

skinto
keepthem
comfortable.

biological
:biologicaldescribestheprocessoflifeandlivingthings.
Inscience,welearnedaboutthebiologicalprocessofbacterialgrowth.

vigil:Avigilisaperiodofwatchfulattentionatnightforaspecificpurpose.
Hehadavigilinfrontofthetombforthreedays.

sodium:sodiumisanelementthatcanbeusedtomakesubstancessuchassalt.
sodiumandchloridecombinetomaketablesalt.

basis:Todosomethingontime'sbasisishowoftenyoudoit.
Mygrandfathergetshishearingcheckedonayearlybasis.

damage:todamagesomethingistobreakit.
Thecarwasdamagedintheaccident.

rough
adjective/r
f/
B1Aroughsurfaceisnotsmooth.spero,enrugadoroughhands
B1notcompletelyaccuratebutcloseaproximado,imperfeito,nodetalhado,incompletoCan
yougivemearoughideaofthecost?
dangerousorviolentperigoso,violentoHockeycanbearoughgame.
Iftheseaorweatherisrough,thereisalotofstrongwindandsometimesrain.bravo,agitado
Theboatsankinroughseas.
difficultorunpleasantcomplicado,difcilSheshavingaroughtimeatwork.

prominent:Whensomethingisprominent,itisimportantandwellknown.
QueenVictoriawasaprominentpersoninhistory.

heir
:Anheirisapersonwhoreceivesmoneyorpropertyofsomeonewhodies.

Theprincesswastheheirtothekingandqueensthrone.

fragment
:Afragmentisasmallpartofsomething.
Afterthelightbroke,therewerefragmentsofglasstocleanup.

various:Ifsomethingisvarious,therearemanytypesofit.
Sheownedshoesofvariousstyles.

maybe:maybeisusedtoshowthatsomethingispossibleormaybetrue.
IfIfocushardenough,maybeIcancomeupwiththerightanswer.

envy:Toenvysomeoneistowishthatyouhadsomethingthattheyhave.
Sallyenviedthehappycouple.

chat:Tochatistotalkwithsomeone.
Eventhoughtheywerefarapart,thecouplechattedeveryday.

loan
:noun/l
n/
B1moneythatsomeoneborrows.
emprstimo
.abankloan.astudentloan.

isolate
:Toisolateistoseparateonepersonorthingfromagroup.
Theteacherisolatedthebadchildfromtheclassbeforetalkingwithher.

agriculture
:agricultureisthegrowingoffoodandanimals.
Thefarmerstudiedagricultureincollege.

rugged
:Ifanareaoflandisrugged,thenitisrockyanddifficulttotravelthrough.
Theircarcouldntmakeitfaralongtheruggedroads.
Ruggedadjectiveus/
r

d/
rugged
adjective(STRONG)

strongor
powerfulnot
delicate:rugged
individualism
Ifyou
describeamans
faceasrugged,you
meanitis
strongand
rough:ruggedgood
looks
rugged
adjective(UNEVEN)
(of
land)
unevenand
wildnot
easyto
travelover:rugged
terrain/
cliffs

scattered
adjectiveuk/
skt.d/us/
skt
.
d/
C2
coveringa
wide
area:Toysand
bookswerescatteredabout/aroundthe
room.My
familyis
scatteredalloverthe
world.The
forecastisforscattered
showers(=
separate
areasof
rain)
tomorrow.

She
gatheredupthe
newspapersthatwerescatteredaroundthe
floor.
Paperswerescatteredalloverher
desk.
Several
pillowswerescatteredabout.
Ithas50ormore
officesscattered
acrossthe
country.
The
smoke
clearedto
reveal
debrisscattered
acrossthe
street.

scatter
verbuk/
skt.r/us/
skt
.
/
scatter
verb(MOVE)
[IorT]to(
causeto)
move
far
apartindifferent
directions:The
protestersscatteredatthe
soundof

gunshots.The
soldierscameinandscatteredthe
crowd.
Tossthe
saladandscatterthe
nutson
top.
Scatterthe
cakewithalittle
caster
sugar.

The
wreckageofthe
carwasscatteredoverthe
roadside.
Her
asheswerescatteredat
sea.
Debrisfromthe
aircraftwasscatteredovera
large
area.
scatter
verb(COVER)
[Tusually+adv/prep]to
covera
surfacewiththingsthatare
far
apartandinno
particular
arrangement:

Scatterthe
powderaroundthe
plants.
Iscattered
grass
seedalloverthe
lawn.
Iscatteredthe
whole
lawnwith
grass
seed.

pertain
:Topertaintosomethingmeanstoberelatedorconnectedtoit.
Allofthelawyersquestionspertainedtoeventsaroundthenightofthecrime.

request
:Torequestsomethingistoaskforit.
ThelittlegirlrequestedaspecialgiftfromSantaClaus.

overlook:Tooverlooksomethingistonotnoticeit,ortonotrealizethatitisimportant.
Brendaoverlookedthelaststepandhadabadfall.

mandatory:Ifsomethingismandatory,thenitisrequiredbylaw.
ItsmandatorythateveryonebeatleastsixteentodriveacarintheUS.

member:Amemberisapersonwhoispartofagroup.
Julieisthenewestmemberofourteam.

lie
:Tolieistosayorwritesomethinguntruetodeceivesomeone.
WheneverPinocchioliedtohisfather,hisnosegrew.

edible:Ifsomethingisedible,youcaneatit.
Welearnaboutedibleplantswhenwegocamping.

tyranny:Atyrannyisacruelandunfairgovernmentinwhichonepersonhaspower.
Histyrannywasimpossibletoliveunder.

19deabrilde2016

biteverb/ba
t/(presentparticiplebiting,pasttensebit,pastparticiplebitten)
B1tocutsomethingusingyourteethmorderShebitintoanapple.Hewasbittenbyadog.
bitesomeonesheadoff
tospeaktosomeoneinaquick,angryway,fornogoodreasonsoltaroscachorrosemcima
dealgumIonlyaskedifIcouldhelptheresnoneedtobitemyheadoff!

biteoffmorethanyoucanchew
totrytodosomethingthatistoodifficultforyoutermaisolhosquebarrigaWebitoffmore
thanwecouldchewwhenwetriedtobuildourownhouse.
he,she,etc.wontbite
youdonotneedtobefrightenedofaparticularpersonorthingnotevaimorderJustgoand
askhershewontbite.

ape
:noun/e
p/
ahairyanimallikeamonkeybutwithnotailandlongarms.
smio
.

ward
:noun/w

d/
aroominahospital.
ala
.
thecancerward
.

alongpreposition/
l
/
A2fromonepartofaroad,river,etc.toanotheraolongodeawalkalongthebeach
B1inalinenexttosomethinglongaolongodeThereisarowofnewhousesalongtheriver.

noon
:noun[noplural]/nu
n/
A2twelveoclock.inthemiddleoftheday.
meiodia
.
Theservicewillbeheldatnoon.

deceive
verb/d

si
v/(presentparticiple
deceiving
,pasttenseandpastparticiple
deceived
)
tomakesomeonebelievesomethingthatisnottrue.
enganar,iludir
.
Thecompanydeceivedcustomersbysellingoldcomputersasnewones.

loyal['l

l]Faithful
loyal
adjective/
l

l/
alwayslikingandsupportingsomeoneorsomething.leal,sincero.aloyalsupporterShesvery
loyaltoherfriends.
loyally/
l

li/adverb
lealmente

faithfuladjective/
fe
fl/
alwayslikingandsupportingsomeoneorsomething.fiel.Shesafaithfulfriend.
faithfulness/
fe
flns/noun[noplural]
fidelidade

a
violation
[
va
'le

()n]
Anactionthatbreaksalaworagreementmistreatmentofsomethingthatdeservesrespect

to
impair
[
m'p
](empacar?)
Tomakesomethinglesseffectivethanusual
impair
:Toimpairsomethingmeanstodamageitormakeitworse.


Drinkingcoffeeimpairsmyabilitytogotosleep.

anaccuracy['kjrs
]
Precisionexactness

asimulation[
s
mj
'le

()n]
Animitationorrepresentation

aconquest['k
kwest]
Atakeoverbyforceorcontinuedeffort
conquestnoun/
k
kwest/
theactoftakingcontrolofacountry,area,orsituationconquistatheRomanconquestof
Britain

takeovernoun[C]us/
te
k
o
vr/
an
actoftaking
controlofsomething:Huge
corporatetakeoverswerethe
big
financial
news
this
year.

takeovernoun[C]uk/
te
k

.vr/us/
te
k
o
.v
/

C1a
situationinwhicha
companygets
controlofanother
companyby
buyingenoughof
its
shares:Theywere

involvedinatakeoverlast
year.
makeatakeoverbidforsth
to
trytoget
controlofsomething:The
companymadeatakeover
bidforoneof
its
rivals.
Ithas
emergedthat
secret
talkshadbeengoingonbetweenthetwo
companiesbefore
thetakeoverwas
announced.
The
bank
foughtoffatakeoverbyanother
bank
recently.
Thetakeover
battleisbetweentwoofAmerica's
industrial/
retail
giants.
The
companyhas
decidednottogothroughwiththetakeoverof
its
smaller
rival.
The
company
spentmuch
effortin
avoidingtakeover
bidsfrom
predatory
competitors.

phonetic[f'net
k]
Relatedtothesoundsinalanguage

asource[s

s]
Thepointoforiginorcreation

acore[k

]
anareaorobjectatthecenter

willingness
:noun[noplural]/
w
l
ns/

thefactofwantingornotrefusingtodosomething.disposio,boavontade.

devotion
:[d
'vu
()n]
Awillingnesstokeepsupportingsomeoneyouadmire.
devotionnoun
devotionnoun(SUPPORT)
us/d

vo

n/[U]
supportand
affection:Heisa
teacherwho
inspires
respectanddevotion
fromhis
students.
devotionnoun(WORSHIP)
/d

vo

n/[C/U]
religious
worshipor
belief,or
prayerandother
actsof
religious
worship:[U]
a
lifeof
religiousdevotion[C]devotionstothe
saints

devotionnoun[U](LOYALTY)

loyaltyand
loveor
careforsomeoneorsomething:He
inspired
respectanddevotionfromhis
pupils.Shewillbe

rememberedforher
selfless/
unstintingdevotiontothe
cause.
devotionnoun[U](RELIGION)

religious
worship:He
kneltin
humbledevotion.
devotions[plural]

actsof
religious
worship,
especially
prayers

to
wound
[wu
nd]
Toinflictaninjuryon

woundus/w

nd/
wound(WIND)pastsimpleandpastparticipleof
wind

Woundnoun[C]us/wund/
woundnoun[C](INJURY)
a
hurtor
injurytothe
body,suchasa
cutor
tearinthe
skinor
flesh:a
puncturewoundHehad
a
deepwoundinhis
armandhad
lostalotof
blood.

wound
verb[T]us/wund/
woundverb[T](HURTFEELINGS)
to
hurtthe
feelingsofsomeone
upset:He
totally
ignoredher,andshewas
deeplywounded.
woundverb[T](INJURE)
to
hurtor
injurethe
body,aswitha
cutor
tearinthe
skinor
flesh:Several
peoplewere
woundedby
falling
rocks.

a
zeal
[zi
l]
Enthusiasmadeepdeterminationtodowell
zealnoun[U]us/zil/

great
enthusiasmor
interest:
religiouszeal[+toinfinitive]
Inhiszealtogethis
work
finishedon
time,hemadealotof
mistakes.

reforming/
missionary/
religiouszeal.
azealformoneymaking.

a
folklore
['fukl

]
Traditionalmythsofapeopletransmittedorally

acurriculum[k'r
kjlm]
Thecoursesofstudyofferedbyaneducationalinstitution

to
fossilize
['f
s()la
z]
Tobecomepreservedinclayorstoneorashafterdeath,sothatanaturalrecordisleftofthe
originalorganismtobecomerigidandstuckinoldways

incompetent[
n'k
mp
t()nt]
Unskilledlackingtheabilitytoperformatask

to
seep
[si
p]
Topassslowlyforalongtime,asaliquidorgasmight
seepverb[Ialways+adv/prep]us/sip/
infiltrar
(of
liquids)to
flow
slowlythroughsomething:The
flood
waterseepedintothe
basement.
Seepagenoun[U]us/
sip
d
/

seep
verb[I+adv/prep]uk/si
p/us/si
p/
to
moveor
spread
slowlyoutofa
holeorthroughsomething:
Pesticidesareseepingoutof
farmlandandintothe
water
supply.

figurativeGiventhe
intense
secrecyofthe
arms
business,
informationonlyseepsoutin
company

literature.

seepage
noun[UorC]uk/
si
.p
d
/us/
si
.p
d
/

Oil
spillsandseepagefrom
refineriesare
common.

predicament
[pr
'd
kmnt]
Adifficultsituation,onethatishardtogetoutof.
Apuro
.
Withno
moneyandno
job,he
foundhimselfina
realpredicament.
predicament
noun[C]uk/pr

d
k..mnt/us/pr
d
k..mnt/formal
an
unpleasant
situationthatis
difficulttogetoutof:
Sheis
hopingtogeta
loanfromher
bankto
helpheroutofher
financialpredicament.
I'mina
bitofapredicamentbecauseI've
accidentally
acceptedtwo
invitationsto
dinneronthe
same
night.

20deabrilde2016
trotter:


Disclaimernoun[C]us/d
s
kle
mr/fml
a
statementthatyouarenot
responsibleforsomething:Thedisclaimer
reminded
viewersthat
the
movieisa
drama,nota
documentary.

Disclaimernoun[C]uk/d

skle
.mr/us/d

skle
.m
/
formala
formal
statementsayingthatyouarenot
legally
responsibleforsomething,suchas
the
informationgivenina
bookorontheinternet,orthatyouhaveno
direct
involvementinit
specializedlawa
formal
statementgivingup
your
legal
claimtosomethingor
ending
your
connectionwithit

sceptical
adjectiveUK(USskeptical)/
skept
kl/
doubtingthatsomethingistrueorusefulcticoScientistsremainscepticalaboutastrology.
Shewasscepticalofthenewarrangement.

21deabrilde2016

amaze
:Toamazesomeoneistosurprisethemverymuch.
ThenewsinthepaperamazedJack.

fresh
:Ifsomethingisfresh,itisnew.
Ijustboughttheseoranges.Theyareveryfresh.

rose
:/r
z/pasttenseofrisepassadode
rise

Rise
:verb/ra
z/(presentparticiplerising,pasttenserose,pastparticiplerisen)
B1tomoveup.
elevarse,subir
.
Theballoonroseslowlyintotheair.

B1Whenthesunormoonrises,itappearsinthesky.
nascer
.
ThesunrisesintheEast.

togetbiggerinlevel.
aumentar
.
Pricesrosebytenpercent
.
tostand,especiallyaftersitting.
levantarse
.
Herosefromhisseat
.

administration
:Anadministrationisthegroupofpeoplewhomanageacompanyor
organization.
Shehopedshecouldbepromotedtoajobintheadministration.

25deabrilde2016

attitude:Someone'sattitudeisthewaytheyfeelandthink.

Johnhasabadattitude.He'salwaysangry.

concentric:Whencirclesorringsareconcentric,theyhavethesamecenter.
Thetargetwasaseriesofconcentriccircles.

assignment
noun/
sa
nmnt/
apieceofworkorajobthatsomeonegivesyoutodo.trabalho,incumbncia,misso.
awrittenassignment.

testament:Atestamenttosomethingshowsthatitexistsoristrue.
Thebeautifulperformancewasatestamenttothesingersnaturaltalents.

liar
noun/
la
r/
someonewhotellslies.mentiroso,a.

lie
noun/la
/
B1somethingthatyousayorwritethatyouknowisnottruementiraItoldaliewhenIsaidI
likedherhair.
apackoflies
information,talk,etc.thatiscompletelyuntrueumamontoadodementirasThewholereportis
apackoflies.

lieverb/la
/(presentparticiplelying,pasttenseandpastparticiplelied)
B1tosayorwritesomethingthatyouknowisnottruementirAreyoulyingtome?Heliedabout
hisqualificationsforthejob.

lieverb/la
/(presentparticiplelying,pasttenseandpastparticiplelay,pastparticiplelain)
A2toputyourbodyflatonsomething,ortobeinthispositiondeitar,estardeitadoHelayonthe
bed.Shewaslyingonherside.
B1tobeinaplaceestarTheriverlies30milestothesouthofthecity.
B1tobeonaparticularsurfaceestarApenlayonthedesk.

fake:Ifsomethingisfake,itismadetolookrealinordertotrickpeople.
Themodelwaswearingfakeeyelashes.

eyelash
noun/
a
l
/(alsolash)
oneoftheshorthairsthatgrowfromtheedgeofyoureyelids.clio.falseeyelashes

eyelid
noun/
a
l
d/
thepieceofskinthatcoverstheeyewhenyoucloseit.plpebra.

inward
adjective/

nwd/

towardsthecentreortheinsideofsomethinginterior
Oppositeoutward

cove
:Acoveisapartoflandwhereitcurvesinwardaroundthesea.
enseada
.
Theyhidtheboatinasmallcoveonthesouthsideoftheisland.

disrespect:disrespectisrudenessorabehaviorthatshowsalackofrespect.
Heshoweddisrespectbyarguingwithhisbossduringameeting.

grant
:Tograntsomethingistoallowsomeonetohaveit.
Theteachergrantedusabreakafterstudyinghardallday.

genetic:Ifsomethingisgenetic,itisrelatedtothegenesinonesbody.
Thecolorofoneseyesisgenetic.

awareadjective/
wer/
knowingaboutsomething.consciente.Wereyouawareoftheproblem?Oppositeunaware

concious:Ifsomeoneisconsciousofsomething,thentheyareawareofit.
Thenewstudentwasconsciousoftheotherstudentsstaringather.

stareatsomeone/something
phrasalverbwithstare/ster/verb(presentparticiplestaring,pasttenseandpastparticiple
stared)
tolookatsomeoneorsomethingforalongtimewithoutmovingyoureyes.olharfixamente.
algum/algoSeanwasstaringatme.

stare
noun/ster/
along,concentratedlookatsomeoneorsomething.olharfixo.

sob:Tosobistocryloudly.
Isobbedwhenmyyoungestdaughtergotmarried.

garagenoun/

/
A2asmallbuildingwhereyouputyourcargaragem
B1aplacewherecarsarerepairedorsoldandsometimesfuelissoldpostodeservios,oficina

web:Awebisahomemadebyaspider.
Momcleanedthespiderwebsoutofthegarage.

personalize:Topersonalizesomethingmeanstodesignittomeetapersonsuniqueneeds.
Hepersonalizedthewomansexercisestogiveherabetterworkout.

speech:Aspeechissomethingsaidtoagroupofpeople.
Shegaveaspeechtotheclass.

chemistry:chemistryisthestudyofandreactiontosubstances.
Inchemistryclass,theprofessortaughtusaboutchemicalreactions.

troops
:troopsaresoldiersthatfightingroupsinabattle.
Thetroopswereallpreparedtogointobattle.

consistent:Ifapersonisconsistent,theykeepthesamebehaviororattitude.
Saracomesineverydayandisourmostconsistentworker.

fast:Tofastmeanstogowithoutfoodordrinkforaperiodoftime.
Inherreligion,theyfastforfivedaysandthenhaveabigfeast.

fast2Pronunciation:/f

st/
verb[noobject]
1.Abstainfromallorsomekindsoffoodordrink,especiallyasareligiousobservance:the
ministryinstructedpeopletofast
Oninquiring,helearnedthatthismanwasfastingfrequentlytoatoneforhissins.
Twentyyearsagoshestartedfastingregularlybecauseshefeltaspiritualneedtodoso.
SofastinginLentornoteatingmeatonFridaysseemsodd,eveneccentricnow.
1.1(befasted)technicalBedeprivedofallorsomekindsoffood,especiallyformedicalor
experimentalreasons:allpatientswerefastedbeforesurgery
fastnoun
Anactorperiodoffasting:afivedayfast
OnChristmasDaytheycaneatthesethings,buttheritualscentremoreonthelastdayofthe
fastonChristmasEve,hesays.
Repeatedjuicefastsarerecommendedatintervalsofeverytwomonths.
St.Thomaslivedalifeofausterityhisfasts,forinstance,beinginmarkedcontrasttotheluxury
inwhichhemighthavelivedifhechose.

fast
adjective/f

st/
A1quickveloz,rpidofastcarsafastswimmerOppositeslowadj
befast
Ifaclockorwatchisfast,itshowsatimethatislaterthanthecorrecttime.estaradiantadoMy
watchisfiveminutesfast.

fast
adverb/f

st/
A2quickly.velozmente,rapidamente,depressa.Weranasfastaswecould.
befastasleep:tobesleepingheavily.dormirprofundamente.
inafirmortightway.firmemente,firme.Hetriedtogetaway,butsheheldhimfast.

feast
noun/fi
st/
alargemeal,especiallytocelebratesomethingspecial
banquete

pregnant:Whenafemaleispregnant,sheisgoingtohaveababy.
Thepregnantwomanwasshoppingforbabyclothes.

disseminate:Todisseminateinformationorknowledgemeanstodistributeit.
Theorganizationdisseminatesinformationaboutthedangersofsmoking.

rough:Whensomethingisrough,itisnotevenorsmooth.
Theroughgroundhurtmyfeet.
rough
adjective/r
f/
B1Aroughsurfaceisnotsmooth.spero,enrugadoroughhands
B1notcompletelyaccuratebutcloseaproximado,imperfeito,nodetalhado,incompletoCan
yougivemearoughideaofthecost?
dangerousorviolentperigoso,violentoHockeycanbearoughgame.
Iftheseaorweatherisrough,thereisalotofstrongwindandsometimesrain.bravo,agitado
Theboatsankinroughseas.
difficultorunpleasantcomplicado,difcilSheshavingaroughtimeatwork.

collect:Tocollectthingsistogroupthemtogetherallinoneplace.
IcollectedshellswhenIwasyounger.

shell
noun/
el/
thehardoutercoveringofsomecreatures.
concha
.
asnailsshell.

thehardoutercoveringofeggs,nuts,orseeds.
casca
.
acontainer,usuallywithapointedend,thatisfilledwithexplosivesandshotfromalargegun.
granada,projtil,obus.

Threeshellslandedintheoutskirtsofthecity.

26deabrilde2016

replicate:Toreplicatesomethingistodoitintheexactsamewayassomeonebefore.Replicar,
repetir.
Iwouldlovetoreplicatemyfathersachievementsinschool.

search:Tosearchforsomethingorsomeonemeanstolookforthemcarefully.
Isearchedthenewspaperforanewjob.

tribe:Atribeisagroupofpeoplewholiveinthesameculture.
There'sasmalltribeofpeoplewholiveinthemountainsofSpain.


radioactive:Ifsomethingisradioactive,thenitletsout,orisrelatedto,radiation.
radioactivematerialscanbeverybadforanyoneshealth.

calf:noun/k

f/(pluralcalves/k

vz/)
B1ayoungcow.bezerro.
thebackofyourlegbelowyourknee.panturrilha,barrigadaperna.

underneath:adverb,preposition/

nd
ni
/
undersomething.debaixo,embaixode.
Ifoundhershoesunderneaththebed.

sage:Asageissomeonewhoisverywise.
Halalwaysvisitedthelocalsageforhelpwithlove.

skinny:Ifsomeoneisskinny,theyareextremelythin.
Pollyisveryskinny.Ithinksheneedstoeatmore.

quantity:Aquantityisacertainamountofsomething.
Ihaveasmallquantityofmilkinmyglass.

truthfuladjective/
tru
fl/
honestandnotcontainingortellinganylies.verdadeiro,verdico,honesto.
atruthfulanswer.
truthfully/
tru
fli/adverbverdadeiramente.
truthfulness/
tru
flns/noun[noplural]sinceridade.

account:noun/
ka
nt/
A1anarrangementwithabanktokeepyourmoneythere.conta.
Ipaidthemoneyintomyaccount.
adescriptionofsomethingthathappened.verso,relato.
Theygavedifferentaccountsoftheevent.
takesomethingintoaccount/takeaccountofsomething.
tothinkaboutsomethingwhenjudgingasituation.levaralgoemconta.
Wewilltakeeveryonesopinionintoaccountbeforemakingadecision.
Agoodarchitecttakesaccountofthebuildingssurroundings.
accounts[plural]
asetofofficialrecordsofallthemoneyacompanyspendsandearns.contabilidade,contas.
onnoaccount
notforanyreason.emhiptesealguma.
Onnoaccountmusttheserecordsbechanged.

executive:Anexecutiveisthetopmanagerofabusiness.

Aftertwentyyearsatthecompany,hefinallybecametheexecutive.

snap
:Tosnapsomethingmeanstobreakitsuddenly,whichcausesaloudnoise.
Itookthestickandsnappeditwithmyhands.
snapverb/snp/(presentparticiplesnapping,pasttenseandpastparticiplesnapped)
Ifsomethinglongandthinsnaps,itbreaksmakingashort,loudsound,andifyousnapit,you
breakit,makingashort,loudsound.romper(se),quebrar(se).
Thetwigssnappedaswewalkedonthem.
tosaysomethingsuddenlyinanangryway.falarbruscaeasperamente.
Mumsnappedatuswhenshesawthemess.
Ifananimalsnaps,ittriestobitesomeone.morder,dardentada

stumble
:Tostumblemeanstoputyourfootdownwrongsothatyoualmostfall.
Hestumbledasheranthroughthepuddle.
stumbleverb/
st
mbl/(presentparticiplestumbling,pasttenseandpastparticiplestumbled)
tostepbadlyandalmostfallover.tropear,darumpassoemfalso.
Rachelstumbledontherocks.

puddle:noun/
p
dl/
apoolofliquidontheground,usuallyfromrain.poa.

27deabrilde2016

Ink.Ling

Beside

Besides

Seem

stumble:Tostumblemeanstoputyourfootdownwrongsothatyoualmostfall.
Hestumbledasheranthroughthepuddle.

stumbleverb

stum
ble[intransitive]
1tohityourfootagainstsomethingorputyourfootdownawkwardlywhileyouarewalkingor
running,sothatyoualmostfall[=trip]:
[BritishEnglish]Inherhurryshestumbledandspilledthemilkalloverthefloor.
stumbleover/on

[BritishEnglish]Vicstumbledoverthestepashecamein.
2towalkinanunsteadywayandoftenalmostfall[=stagger]
stumblein/out/acrossetc
[BritishEnglish]Hestumbledupstairsandintobed.
3tostopormakeamistakewhenyouarereadingtopeopleorspeaking
stumbleover/at/through
[BritishEnglish]IhopeIdon'tstumbleoveranyofthelongwords.
stumblenoun[countable]
stumbleon/across/uponsomethingphrasalverb
tofindordiscoversomethingbychanceandunexpectedly[=comeacross]:
[BritishEnglish]Researchershavestumbledacrossadrugthatmayhelppatientswith
Parkinson'sdisease.

snap:Tosnapsomethingmeanstobreakitsuddenly,whichcausesaloudnoise.
Itookthestickandsnappeditwithmyhands.

craze:Acrazeisabriefandpopularactivityorobject.
WearingbrightredsockswasacrazewhenIwasinhighschool.

seize:Toseizesomethingmeanstograbitquicklyorstrongly.
Themanseizedasmuchmoneyashecouldbeforeanyonecouldseehim.

flood:Afloodisaneventinwhichwatercoversanareawhichisusuallydry.
Afterthreedaysofrain,threrewasafloodinthecity.

hurry:verb/
h
ri/(presentparticiplehurrying,pasttenseandpastparticiplehurried)
A2tomoveortodothingsquicklyapressarsePleasehurrythetrainisabouttoleave.

affair
:Anaffairisaneventorathingthathappened.

MywifeandIattendedaformalaffairovertheweekend.

affair
noun/
fer/
asexualrelationshipbetweentwopeoplewhenoneorbothofthemismarriedtosomeone
else.
caso
.Hehadanaffairwithawomanatwork.
asituation,especiallyabadone.assunto,acontecimento.
Thegovernmentshandlingoftheaffairhasbeenwidelycriticized.
Thewaythemayorsofficeishandlingtheaffairisbeingcriticized.

stray:Tostraymeanstogoinawrongdirectionandoftenbecomelost.
Hefoundhimselflostbecausehehadstrayedfromthetourgroup.

strayadjective/stre
/
Astrayanimalislostorhasnohome.perdido,derua.astraydog.


competence:competenceistheabilitytodosomethingwelloreffectively.
Thejobwaseasybecausethegrouphadenoughcompetencetodoitwell.

implicate:Toimplicatesomeoneistoshowthattheyhavedoneacrimeorsomethingbad.
Themanwasimplicatedinthetheftatthestore.
implicateverb[T]us/

mpl

ke
t/
toshowthatsomeoneis
involvedina
crimeor
partly
responsibleforsomething
badthathas
happened:

Alotof
peoplewereimplicatedinthe
scandal.
Havetheyany
evidencetoimplicatehiminthe
robbery?

implication:nounuk/

m.pl

ke
.
n/us/

m.pl
ke
.
n/
C2[CorU]an
occasionwhenyou
seemto
suggestsomethingwithoutsayingit
directly:[+that]
Fromwhatshesaid,theimplicationwasthattheywere
splittingup.She
accusedthe
partyand,
byimplication,
its
leadertoo.
C1[Cusuallyplural]the
effectthatan
actionor
decisionwillhaveonsomething
elseinthe
future:The

companyis
cuttingback
its
spendingandI
wonderwhattheimplicationswillbefor
our

department.Whataretheimplicationsofthenew
law?
C2[U]an
occasionwhenyou
suggestorshowthatsomeoneis
involvedina
crime:The
case
dependeduponhisimplicationofhiscoworkersinthe

fraud.
Becauseof
securityimplicationsthe
officerswere
triedin
secret.
Whataretheimplicationsofhis
report?
Theimplicationofher
claimisthattheMinister
liedtoParliament.
The
incidenthas
serious
securityimplications.
It'snot
yet
clearwhattheimplicationsofthenew
legislationwillbefor
small
businesses.

strike:verb/stra
k/(presentparticiplestriking,pasttenseandpastparticiplestruck)
B1formaltohitsomeoneorsomethinggolpear,atingirTwoclimberswerestruckbyfalling
rocks.Hiscarwentoutofcontrolandstruckatree.
itstrikesmethat
Ifitstrikesyouthatsomethingistrue,youthinkofit,orthatisyouropinion.meocorreaideia
queItstrikesmethatyoureworkingtoohard.ItstruckmethatIdforgottentoorderthe
flowers.
Ifathoughtorideastrikesyou,oryouarestruckbyit,youaresuddenlyawareofit.suceder,
ocorrerlheaideiaIwasstruckbyhowpaleshelooked.
Ifagroupofworkersstrike,theystopworkingforaperiodoftimetotrytoforcetheiremployer
togivethemmoremoneyortoimprovetheirworkingconditions.entraremgreveBusdrivers
arethreateningtostrike.
Ifaclockstrikes,abellringstoshowwhatthetimeis.bater

stairs:stairsarethethingsthatareusedtogoupinabuilding.

Youcantakethestairstothesecondfloor.

excel:Toexcelatasubjectoractivitymeanstobeverygoodatit.
Jennyexcelsatplayingthepiano.

breathe:Tobreathemeanstoletairgoinandoutofourbody.
Weneedstronghealthylungstohelpusbreathewell.
breatheverb/bri
/(presentparticiplebreathing,pasttenseandpastparticiplebreathed)
B1totakeairintoandpushitoutofyourlungs.respirar.Thenursetoldmetobreathedeeply.

tights:noun[plural]/ta
ts/
A2apieceofwomensclothingmadeofverythinmaterialthatcoversthelegsandbottom
meiacala

spin:Tospinistoturnaroundincircles.
Theboykeptspinninguntilhefelldown.

broad:Ifsomethingisbroad,itiswide.
Theriverisverylongandbroad.

punishment:Apunishmentissomethingthatonemustendureforanywrongdoing.
Hewasgivenapunishmentforbeingrudetotheteacher.

endure:verb/
n
dj
r/(presentparticipleenduring,pasttenseandpastparticipleendured)
toexperiencesomethingdifficultorunpleasant.aguentar,suportar.
Shesalreadyhadtoendurethreepainfuloperationsonherleg.
[withobject]Suffer(somethingpainfulordifficult)patiently:itseemedimpossiblethatanyone
couldenduresuchpain.
Heworkedfor37yearsatYorkCarriageworksanddiedofanillnessrelatedtoasbestos,after
enduringalongandpainfulcollapse.
[noobject]Remaininexistencelast:thesecitieshaveenduredthroughtime.
Yourstrengthinpersonalaffairsisyourabilitytobuildawellknit,solidrelationshipthatendures
andcontinuestothriveyearafteryear.

gardian:Aguardianissomeonewhoprotectssomebodyorsomething.
Thelibrariansaretheguardiansofthebooks.

taste:Atasteistheflavorsomethingmakesinyourmouth.
Thetasteofthefruitwassweet.

flavour:nounUK(USflavor)/
fle
vr/
B1thetasteofatypeoffoodordrinksaborWesell50differentflavoursoficecream.

chamber:Achamberisanoldwordforabedroom.
Thegirlwastired.Shewenttoherchamberforanap.

gaschamber.noun/

s
t
e
mbr/
aroomthatisfilledwithpoisonousgastokill.peoplecmaradegs.

chambermusic.noun[noplural]/
t
e
mb
mju
z
k/
musicthatiswrittenforasmallgroupofmusicians.msicadecmara.

chambernounuk/
t
e
m.br/us/
t
e
m.b
/
chambernoun(ROOM)
[C]formala
roomusedfora
specialor
official
purpose,ora
groupof
peoplewho
form(
partof)
a
parliament:Meetingsofthe
councilare
heldinthe
councilchamber.a
torturechamberThere
aretwochambersintheBritish
parliamenttheHouseofCommonsisthe
lowerchamber,and
theHouseofLordsisthe
upperchamber.
[plural]ajudge's
private
office.A
judgemayhave
legal
discussionswith
lawyersin
privatein
hisorherchambers.
[C]IndianEnglishan
office,
especiallyofa
personinan
important
position
inchambersUKspecialized
Ifa
trialisinchambers,it
happensina
court
roomwithoutthe
public,
newspaper
reporters,
etc.beingthere.

chambernoun(BEDROOM)
[C]oldusea
roomina
house,
especiallya
bedroom
chambernoun(SPACE)
[C]specializedanatomy,biology,engineeringa
closed
spaceina
machine,
plant,or
body:The
human

hearthasfourchambers.

fiery:Ifsomethingisfiery,itisburningstrongly.
Thefieryblazeburnedallnightlong.

blaze:verb/ble
z/(presentparticipleblazing,pasttenseandpastparticipleblazed)
toburnorshineverybrightlyorstrongly.arder.thesunwasblazinginthesky.

collision:Acollisionistheactoftwothingshittingintoeachanother.
Thecollisionbetweenthetwocarscreatedaloudnoise.

restore:Torestoresomethingistoputitbackthewayitwas.
Victorrestoredtheoldcar.

whistle
:Towhistleistomakeasoundbyputtingyourlipstogetherandblowing.
Ashewaslisteningtomusic,Darylwhistled.
whistleverb/
w
sl/(presentparticiplewhistling,pasttenseandpastparticiplewhistled)

tomakeasoundbybreathingairoutthroughasmallholemadewithyourlips.
assobiar
.
Someonewhistledatherasshewalkedpast.

airway:Anairwayisthepassagebywhichairreachesapersonslungs.
Sincehewassick,mucuswouldoccasionallygetstuckinhisairway.

multicultural:Whensomethingismulticultural,itrelatestomanydifferentcultures.
Everyonewaswelcomedtoattendthemulticulturalcelebration.

praise
:Topraiseistoshowthatyoulikesomeoneorsomething.
Thecoachpraisedbothathletesafteragoodpractice.

zoology:zoologyisasubjectinwhichpeoplestudyanimals.
Helenwantstostudyzoologybecauseshehasalwayslikedanimals.

indigenous:Ifsomethingisindigenous,itisoriginallyfrom,ornativeto,aplace.
TomatoesareindigenoustotheAmericas.

disapprove:Todisapproveofsomethingistothinkthatitiswrong.
Alexdisapprovedofhisson'sbehavior.

dare
:verb/der/(presentparticipledaring,pasttenseandpastparticipledared)
dare(to)dosomething
tobebraveenoughtodosomethingatreverseafazeralgoIdidntdaretellDadthatId
scratchedhiscar.
daresomeonetodosomething
totrytomakesomeonedosomethingdangerousdesafiaralgumafazeralgoShedaredher
friendtoclimbontotheroof.
dontyoudare!
usedtotellsomeoneangrilynottodosomethingnoseatreva!Dontyoudaretrytostopme!
howdareshe,you,etc.
saidwhenyouareveryangryaboutsomethingsomeonehasdonecomoela,voc,etc.ousa
Howdareyoutalktomelikethat!

shame
:shameisabadfeelingaboutthingsyouhavedonewrong.
Theboyfeltshameaboutmisplacinghisclothes.
shamenoun/
e
m/
ashame
A2somethingyousayaboutsomethingthatdisappointsyou.
pena
.WhatashamethatJoe
couldntcome!Itwasashameitrainedeverydayonholiday.
[noplural]abadfeelingaboutsomethingwrongthatyouhavedone.
vergonha
.

mayor
:noun/mer/

theleaderofthegroupthatisinchargeofatownorcity.prefeito,a,alcaide.

authentic:Whensomethingisauthentic,itisnotfalseoracopyoftheoriginal.
WeateauthenticItalianfoodonourvacationtoRome

away:adverb/
we
/
A2toadifferentplaceembora,foraGoawayandleavemealone.Wemovedawayfromthe
city.
A2ataparticulardistancefromaplacededistncia,daquiThenearesttownistenmilesaway.
A2notattheplacewheresomeoneusuallylivesorworksforaSophieisfeedingthecatwhile
wereaway.
B1ataparticulartimeinthefuturedaquiaMyexamisonlyaweekaway.
B1inorintotheusualorasuitableplace,especiallyonethatcanbeclosednolugar,guardado
Pleaseputyourtoysaway.
graduallydisappearinguntilmostlyorcompletelygonegradualmenteatdesaparecerAllthe
snowhasmeltedaway.

puzzle:Apuzzleissomethingthatishardtounderstand.
Thequestionwasapuzzletohim.

28deabrilde2016
funeral:Afuneralisaceremonythattakesplaceafterapersondies.
Theyhadafuneralforthesoldierwhodiedduringthewar.

cope
:Tocopewithadifficultorstressfulsituationmeanstodealwithit.

Hecopeswithworkstressbyexercisingthreeorfourtimesaweek.

verbo[intransitivo]
1
agentar,conseguir(darcontadorecado)

Icantcopeanymore.Eunoagentomais.

IthinkIcancope.Achoqueconsigodarcontadorecado.
2tocopewithsth

(a)
darcontadealgo
.

Canyoucopewithallthat?Vocvaidarcontadetudoisso?

Theycantcopewiththenumberoforders.Elesnodocontadonmerodepedidos.

(b)
agentaralgo

infrastructure:Aninfrastructureisacollectionofservicesneededtorunasocietyorbusiness.
Powerlinesareimportantpartsofacitysinfrastructure.

astronaut:Anastronautisapersonthatgoesintoouterspace.
Theastronautwaswalkingonthemoon.


propose:Toproposesomethingistosaythatitshouldbedone.
SantaClausproposedthatItrytobeagoodboyallyear.
verbo
1[transitivo]propor
2toproposetosbpediralgumemcasamento
3toproposetodosth,toproposedoingsth(formal)pretenderfazeralgo

Whatdoyouproposetodoaboutit?

Oquevocpretendefazerarespeito?
proposeverb[transitive]formal
proposeverb:tosuggestaplan,idea,oraction
1[transitive]formal:tosuggestaplan,idea,oraction.
Einsteinproposedhistheoryofgeneralrelativityin1915.
proposedoingsomething:Iproposegoingtoanearlyfilmandhavingdinnerafterwards.
proposethat:Sheproposedthatweseeamarriagecounsellor.

Collocations
Nounsfrequentlyusedwithpropose1:change,idea,plan,reform,scheme,solution,theory
proposeverb[transitive]
proposeverb:tomakeaformalsuggestioninameetingforpeopletothinkaboutandvoteon

2[transitive]tomakeaformalsuggestioninameetingforpeopletothinkaboutandvoteon
proposesomeonefor/
assomething:IproposeSueWilsonfortreasurer.
proposethat:Itwasproposedthatwepostponemakingadecisionuntilnextmonth.
proposedoingsomething:Francehasproposedcreatingarapidreactionforcetodealwiththe
crisis.
proposeverb[intransitive/transitive]
proposeverb:toasksomeonetogetmarriedtoyou
3[intransitive/transitive]toasksomeonetogetmarriedtoyouproposeto
HeproposedtoherinAugust.
proposemarriage:Heproposedmarriage,butsherefused.
proposeverb[transitive]formal
proposeverb:ifyouproposetodosomething,youintendorplantodoit

4[transitive]formal:ifyouproposetodosomething,youintendorplantodoit:
Iproposetotellthemtheabsolutetruth.
proposeamotion:proposeamotion:toformallysuggestanideaorplanatameeting

proposedadjective[onlybeforenoun]
proposedadjective:offeredformallyasanideaorplanofferedformallyasanideaorplan.
Howwilltheproposedbanaffectfarmers?
aproposedwildlifesanctuary

instruct:Toinstructistoteach.
Myteacherinstructsusinseveralsubjects.


fable
:Afableisashortstorythatteachesalesson.
Inthefableaboutthetortoiseandthehare,thelessonisconsistency.

hare
:ananimalsimilartoarabbit,butwithabiggerbodyandlongerearsandlegs,thatcanrun
veryfast.
lebre
.

aquarium:Anaquariumisabuildingwherefishandunderwateranimalsarekept.
Wetookatriptotheaquariumandsawascaryshark.

carpenter:Acarpenterisapersonwhobuildsthingswithwood.
Wehiredacarpentertomakeacupboard.

cupboard:armrio.

mill
:Amillisabuildingwhereflourismade.
Thefarmertookhiswheattothemilltomakeitintoflour.

flournoun[noplural]/fla
r/
B1apowdermadefromgrainthatisusedtomakebreadandcakes.farinha.
flour[uncountable]
apowderthatismadebycrushingwheatorothergrainandisusedformakingbread,cakesetc
Thesebreadslistwholewheat,wholewheatflouroranotherwholegrainasthefirstingredient
onthelabel.
Ifthemainingredientonamultigrainbreadisenrichedwheatflour,forexample,itdoesnot
containwholegrain.
OnJanuary3,thegovernmentdiscontinuedthesubsidyonwheatflour,causingflourandbread
pricestorise.
Makesurethatyouaddjustenoughgramfloursothatthevegetablessticktogether.
Maniocflourmaybeusedtomakeawateryporridgewhichisservedasadrink.
TheChamorropeoplemaketortillasofflourfromseedsofcycads,whichcarrypotentchemicals
suchastheneurotoxinBMAA.

flourverb[transitive]
tocoverasurfacewithflourwhenyouarecooking:
Rollthepastryoutonalightlyflouredboard.

wheat:wheatisaplantwhichmakesgrain.wheatgrainisusedtomakebread.
Thefieldofgoldenwheatwasreadytobeharvested.

wheatnoun[noplural]/wi
t/
aplantwhosegrainisusedformakingflour,orthegrainitself.trigo.wheatbread.

OtherIronAgecropsincludedthemoreancientemmerwheat(Triticumdicoccum,whichwas
grownonlightsoils),breadwheat,oats,rye,peas,Celticbeans,andflax.
Threespeciesexistbothaswildanddomesticatedwheats,einkorn,emmer,andbreadwheat.
Themanythousandsofgrainscomprisenotjustemmerandnakedbarley,butalsobreadwheat
whichpointsclearlytotheNeolithicandlinseed.

Despitethis,thetrialsofotherfeedgrainwheatsandforagecerealvarietieseastofBairnsdale
continuetoattracttheinterestofgrowers.

growerPronunciation:/

r
/noun
1Apersonwhogrowsaparticulartypeofcrop:afruitgrower
2[withadjective]Aplantthatgrowsinaspecifiedway:afastgrower

poem:Apoemisashortkindofwriting.
WilliamShakespearewrotemanypoems.

asleep:Whenapersonisasleep,theyarenotawake.
Thebabyhasbeenasleepforhours.
asleepadjective/
sli
p/
B1sleeping.adormecido.Thechildrenareasleep.
fallasleep:B1tostartsleeping.adormecer.HefellasleepinfrontoftheTV.

sleepverb/sli
p/(pasttenseandpastparticipleslept)
A1tobeinthestateofrestwhenyoureyesareclosed,yourbodyisnotactive,andyourmindis
unconsciousdormirWesleptinahotellastnight.Didyousleepwell?
sleeplikealogtosleepverywelldormircomoumapedraIwenttobedearlyandsleptlikea
log.

architecture:architectureisthestyleorwayabuildingismade.
Thearchitectureofthechurchisamazing.

prehistoric:Whensomethingisprehistoric,itisfromatimewhentherewasnowrittenhistory.
Thescientistsfoundprehistoricpotsusedbythepeopleinthearea.

premium:Apremiumisapaymentthatishigherthanaverage.
Tonypaidforpremiumgasbecauseitmadehiscarrunthebest.

rouge
:rougeisaredpowderorcreamusedasmakeuponthecheeksorlips.
Evenwhenshedidntwearrouge,hercheeksappearedred.
rougenoun[U]uk/ru

/us/ru

/
a
redor
pink
powderputonthe
cheekstomakethe
face
lookmore
attractive

blush

blush
verb/bl

/
Ifyoublush,yourfacebecomesredbecauseyouareembarrassed.corar,ruborizarse.
Heblushedwithshame.
blush/bl

/noun
rubor

rogue
:substantivo
1malandrodra
2maucarter

cyberspace:cyberspaceistheimaginaryplaceoftheinternetwhereactivitiesoccur.
Ididn'treceiveyouremail.Itprobablygotlostincyberspace.

infamous:Whensomeoneisinfamous,theyarewellknownforsomethingbad.
Thatnewschannelisinfamousforpresentingbiasedinformation.

fancyadjective/
fnsi/
expensiveandfashionable.
luxuoso,extravagante
.afancyrestaurant
complicatedorhavingalotofdecoration.complicado,exagerado.Thatdressistoofancyfora
littlegirl.

wingnoun/w
/
B1oneofthetwopartsthatabirdorinsectusestofly.asa.
oneofthetwolong,flatpartsatthesidesofaplanethatmakeitstayinthesky.asa.
apartofalargebuildingthatisconnectedtoasideofthemainpart.ala.Hisofficeisinthe
westwingoftheWhiteHouse.

perhaps:perhapsisusedwhenyousaythatsomethingcouldhappen.
perhapsIwilleatanappleforlunch.

meanwhile:meanwhilemeansuntilsomethinghappensorwhilesomethingishappening.
Hewantstobeadoctorinthefuture,butmeanwhile,heworksaregularjob.

pilgrim:noun/
p
l
r
m/
someonewhotravelstoaplacethatisimportantintheirreligion.peregrino,a.

boom:Toboommeanstomakealoud,deepsound.
Thefirecrackersmadealoudboomwhentheyexploded.
boomnoun/bu
m/
aloud,deepsound.estrondo.
Weheardaboominthedistance.

aperiodwhenthereisabigincreaseinsalesorprofits.boom,aumentonasvendas.
aneconomicboom.

accountant:Anaccountantisapersonwhosejobistokeepfinancialaccounts.
Theaccountanthelpedmekeeptrackofmymoney.

pirate:Apirateisasailorwhostealsthingsfromotherboats.
piratesareveryscarycharacters.

mass:Amassisalargenumberofthingsofonetype.
Wereceivedamassoflettersthismorning.

incredulous:Ifsomeoneisincredulousaboutsomething,theydonotbelievethatitistrue.
Shewasincredulousthatmonkeyscouldeverdriveacar.

imagine:Toimaginesomethingistothinkofitinyourmind.
Sallyimaginedherselfwinninglotsofmoney.

timber:timberiswoodthatisusedforbuildinghousesandmakingfurniture.
Treesinthisareaaregrownspecificallytobeusedfortimber.

Braille:Brailleisasystemofraisedpatternsonpaperthatallowstheblindtoread.
TheboyenjoyedreadinghisfavoritebookswritteninBraille.

blindadjective/bla
nd/
B1notabletosee.cego.
Shewentblindafteranaccident.
asblindasabat:unabletoseewell.cegocomoumaporta.
Imasblindasabatwithoutmyglasses.

protein:proteinisasubstancethatisnecessaryforthebodytogrowandbestrong.
Fishandbeefaregoodsourcesofprotein.

equal:Tobeequalistobethesame.
Bothstudentsareequalinage.

eclipse:Aneclipseisanoccasionwhenthemoonmovesinfrontofthesun.
Acompleteeclipseofthesunisaveryrareoccurrence.

admission:admissionistheactofallowingtoenteraplace.
Theadmissiontickettothemoviewas$5.

cheeknoun/t
i
k/
B1oneofthetwosoftpartsofyourfacebelowyoureyes
bochecha
Tearsrandownhischeeks.
[noplural]mainlyUKrudebehaviourthatshowsyoudonotrespectsomeone
atrevimento,caradepau
Shehadthecheektoaskmetopayforher!

institute:Aninstituteisanorganizationthatisinterestedinresearchorteaching.
IamgoingtoalectureaboutancientRomeattheHistoricalinstitute.

kin:kinisapersonsfamilyandrelatives.
Hiskinwereallfarmers.

ribbon:noun/
r
bn/
along,thinpieceofcloththatisusedfordecoration.fita.

rid
:Toridistomakeaplacefreefromsomethingorsomeone.
Weridourhomeofmicebyusingtraps.
rid

adjective
/r
d/
getridofsomething
B1tothrowsomethingaway.livrarsedealgo.Wemustgetridofsomeofthoseoldbooks.
getridofsomething
toendsomethingunpleasant.livrarsedealgo.Icantgetridofthisheadache.
getridofsomeone
tomakesomeonegoaway.livrarsedealgum.Wefinallymanagedtogetridofthose
salespeople.

trap
noun/trp/
apieceofequipmentforcatchinganimals.
armadilha,cilada
.amousetrap.

curtain:Acurtainisaclothhungoverawindoworusedtodividearoom.
Sheopenedthecurtainstoletlightintotheroom.

castle:Acastleisabuildingwithstrongwallswhereroyaltyusuallylives.
Thecastlewasbuiltmanyyearsago.

deliberate:Ifathingyoudoisdeliberate,youintendtodoit.
Shemadeadeliberateefforttosavemoneyeachmonth.

preach:Topreachistotalkaboutandpromoteareligiousidea.
Aaronoftenpreachedaboutlivinganhonestlife.

amidprepositionuk/
m
d/us/
m
d/(alsoamidst,uk/
m
dst/us)formal
C1inthe
middleofor
surroundedby,among:Onthe
floor,amid
moundsof
books,weretwo
small

envelopes.Thenew
perfumewas
launchedamidsta
fanfareof
publicity.
Synonym:among
a
brief
momentof
levityamidthe
solemn
proceedings
Her
officewasan
oasisof
peaceand
sanityamidthe
surrounding
chaos.
The
town
sitsamid
gentle
hillsand
dense
forest.
The
actorsmade
their
bowsamid
great
applause.
The
president
cancelledhis
visitamid
speculationthathis
healthwas
failing.

devotionnoun
devotionnoun(SUPPORT)
us/d

vo

n/[U]
supportand
affection:Heisa
teacherwho
inspires
respectanddevotion
fromhis
students.
devotionnoun(WORSHIP)
/d

vo

n/[C/U]
religious
worshipor
belief,or
prayerandother
actsof
religious
worship:[U]
a
lifeof
religiousdevotion[C]devotionstothe
saints

devotionnoun[U](LOYALTY)

loyaltyand
loveor
careforsomeoneorsomething:He
inspired
respectanddevotionfromhis
pupils.Shewillbe

rememberedforher
selfless/
unstintingdevotiontothe
cause.
devotionnoun[U](RELIGION)

religious
worship:He
kneltin
humbledevotion.
devotions[plural]

actsof
religious
worship,
especially
prayers

ash
:
noun
/
/
thesoft,greypowderthatremainsaftersomethinghasburned.
cinza
.
cigaretteash.

29deabrilde2016
customer:Acustomerisapersonwhobuyssomethingatastore.
Thecustomerputafewitemsinabag.

crew:Acrewisagroupofworkers.
Myfatherhasacrew.Theyhelphimbuildhouses.
crewthepeoplewhoworkonaplayorfilmwhoarenotactorsoractresses.

accordingly:Ifsomeoneactsaccordingly,theyactinawaythatissuitable.
Hefeelslikehedidagoodjob,andhisbossshouldpayhimaccordingly.

suitable:adjective/
su
tbl/
B1acceptableorrightforsomeoneorsomethingadequadoWhatisasuitabletimetocall?This
movieissuitableforchildren.Oppositeunsuitable
suitably/
su
tbli/adverb
adequadamenteHewassuitablydressedforaninterview.
suitability/
su
t
b
lti/noun[noplural]
adequao,adequabilidadenarrowadjective/
nr
/
B1beingonlyasmalldistancefromonesidetotheother.estreito.anarrowstreetnarrow
shoulders

conversion:conversionistheactofchangingsomethingintoadifferentstateorform.
Thecitydiscussedtheconversionoftheparkinglotintoaskateboardpark.

genuine:Whensomethingisgenuine,itistrueorreal.
Afterthepaintingwasdeterminedtobegenuine,itsoldforamilliondollars.

veterinarian:Aveterinarianisadoctorthattakescareofanimals.
Wandabecameaveterinarianbecauseshelovesdogs.

roast:Toroastsomethingistocookitinanovenoroverafire.
Momroastedaturkeyfortheholidaydinner.
roastverb/r
st/
A2Ifyouroastfood,youcookitinanovenoroverafire.assar.
Roastthelambinahotovenfor35minutes.
roast/r
st/adjective
A2assado.roastbeef.

turkey:noun/
t

ki/
B1abirdlikealargechickenthatyoucaneat.peru.

lamb:noun/lm/
B1ayoungsheep.cordeiro.
B1[noplural]meatfromayoungsheep.carneiro,cordeiro.

toughenverbuk/
t
f.n/us/
t
f.n/

toughenverb(MAKESTRONG)
[T]tomakesomethingorsomeone
tough,
strong,or
stronger:
TheUN
announced
its
intentionstotoughen
sanctionsstill
further.
The
government
wantstotoughen(up)the
existing
drug
laws/
controls.
His
timeinthe
army
certainlytoughenedhimup.

Car
windowsareusuallymadefromtoughened
glass.

toughenverb(GETDIFFICULT)
[I]to
become
difficultto
dealwith:Amidtoughening
competitioninthe
market,many
firmsare
goingoutof
business.

tosequence:['si
kwns]
Volunteershavebeenaskedtosequencethefilesandorganizetheboxes.

taught/t

t/
pasttenseandpastparticipleofteachpassadoeparticpiopassadodeteach

teach:verb/ti
t
/(pasttenseandpastparticipletaught)
A1togiveclassesinaparticularsubjectataschool,university,etc.ensinar,daraulas(de),
lecionarHeteacheshistory.
A2toshoworexplaintosomeonehowtodosomethingensinarMydadtaughtmetodrive.
B1Ifasituationteachesyousomething,itgivesyounewknowledgeorhelpsyoutounderstand
something.ensinarTheexperiencetaughthimtobemorecareful.

toallocate:['lke
t]
Togiveoutdifferentamountsfordifferentpurposes.

purpose:noun/
p

ps/
B1whyyoudosomethingorwhysomethingexists.fim,finalidade.Themainpurposeofthe
meetingistodiscussthefutureofthecompany.
onpurpose
B1Ifyoudosomethingbadonpurpose,youwantedorplannedtodoit.depropsito.Ididntdo
itonpurposeitwasanaccident.

but:prepositionstrong/b
t/weak/bt/
B1except.exceto.EveryonebutAndrewknows.

30deabrilde2016

pungent:Ifsomethingispungent,thenittastesorsmellsstrongandsharp.
Thegarlicmadethesouptastesopungentthatthechefwouldntserveit.

operate:Tooperatemeanstoworkorfunction.
I'msorry,butthetrainsarenotoperateingtoday.

thorn:Athornisasharppartofaplant.

Becarefulofthethornswhenyoupicktheroses!

decay:Todecayistobedestroyednaturally.
Theoldwoodenhousewasslowlydecaying.

pause:Topausemeanstostopdoingsomethingforawhile.
Sinceshewassohungry,shepausedtomakeasnack.

snack:

envious:Whensomeoneisenvious,theywantsomethingthatanotherpersonhas.
Theywereenviousoftheirneighborsfrontyard.

anthropology:anthropologyisthestudyofpeople,society,andculture.
Inanthropologyclass,Ilearnedaboutsimpletoolsthatancientculturesused.

capitalism:capitalismisaneconomicsystemwhereprivatecompaniesmakegoodsforprofit.
Mostindustriesintheworldtodayarebasedoncapitalism.

liquid:Aliquidisasubstancethatisneithersolidnorgas.
Wateristhemostimportantliquidforlife.

symmetry:symmetryisthestateofhavingtwohalvesthatareexactlythesame.
Theartistmadesuretouseperfectsymmetrywhenpaintingthebutterfly.

halves:

stream:substantivo
1riacho
2(depessoas,carros)fila
3(decartas,perguntas)sucesso
verbo
tostreamout
(a)jorrar
(b)sairemgrandenmero

brook:Abrookisasmallstream.
Waterflowsdownseveralbrooksonthemountain.

brooknoun[countable]asmallriver
brookverb[transitive]
notbrooksomething,brooknosomethingverb[transitive]todefinitelynotalloworacceptsome
thingn

Hemadeitclearthathewouldbrooknodissent.

outdated:Whensomethingisoutdated,itisoldandnolongerusefulinmoderntime.
Tapeplayersarebecomingoutdatedbecauseofdigitalmusic.

elastic:elasticisarubberthatstretcheswhenitispulled.
Heattachedtheelasticbungeetohislegsbeforehejumpedofftheplatform.

rubber:

bungee:

duplicate:Toduplicatesomethingmeanstocopyit.
Sheduplicatedherfriendsmovementslikeshewasinfrontofamirror.

memorable:Ifsomethingismemorable,thenitisrememberedforaspecialreason.
Thepartywasmemorablepeoplewerestilltalkingaboutityearslater.

gesture:Agestureisamovementofthehandsorbody.
Myteachermakesalotofgestureswhenshespeaks.

prove:Toprovesomethingistoshowthatitistrue.
Myteacherprovedtheanswerontheboard.

peninsula:Apeninsulaisalargepieceoflandthatissurroundedbytheseaonthreesides.
ThestateofFloridaisanexampleofapeninsula.

refrigerate:Torefrigeratesomethingmeanstomakeitcold.
Grocerystoresrefrigeratefruittomakeitlastlong.

withhold:Towithholdsomethingistonotgiveittosomeone.
Theywithheldallinformationuntilshepaidherfine.

roost:Aroostisaplacewherebirdscanlandandrestorsleep.
Thefamilyofdovesmadearoostatthetopofthetree.

unrest:unrestisastateofangeraboutsomethingamongthepeopleinaplace.
HightaxescausedmuchoftheunrestthatledtotheRevolutionaryWar.

inferior:Ifsomethingisinferior,itisnotasgoodassomethingelse.
Carsbuiltahundredyearsagoareinferiortoonesbuilttoday.

theorize:Totheorizemeanstodevelopideasaboutsomething.

Theyenjoyedtheorizingabouthowthingsworked.

arise:Toariseistohappen.
Difficultiesarosewithhiscomputerbecauseitwasold.
1.ifaparticularsituationorproblemarises,itbeginstoexistortodevelop.
Problemsaroseoverplanstobuildanewsupermarkethere.
iftheneedarises:Wecanhaveanothermeetingiftheneedarises.
1atoexistorstartdevelopingbecauseofsomething.
Someconfusionhasarisenasaresultofthenewsystem.
arisefrom/
outof:Didanythinginterestingarisefromthemeeting?

poultry:poultryisabird,suchasachicken,thatisusedformeatandeggs.
Heraisespoultryandsellstheirmeatforextramoney.

tied:

shallow:Ifsomethingisshallow,itisnotdeep.
Thekidswereplayingintheshallowwater.

release:Toreleasesomethingistostopholdingit.
Shereleasedthebirdfromherhands.

skinflint:someonewhodoesnotliketospendorgivemoney

narrate:Tonarrateastorymeanstowriteaboutitorreaditaloud.
ThisstorywaswrittenbyJohn,butAaronisnarratingittothecrowd.

bark:Whenadogbarks,itmakesashort,loudnoise.
Thedogbarkedloudlyandfrighteningly.

frighteningly:
1inawaythatmakesyoufeelafraidornervous.
Thetownlookedfrighteninglyunfamiliarinthefog.
frighteninglyadverbinformal:usedforemphasizingsomething:afrighteninglyexpensivewatch

material:Amaterialiswhatisusedtomakesomething.
Brickisagoodmaterialforbuildinghouses.

brick:1[countable]ablockusedforbuildingwallsandotherstructures
Helaideverybrickhimself.
bricknoun[uncountable]bricksusedasabuildingmaterial
1a[uncountable]bricksusedasabuildingmaterial
Thechurchwasbuiltentirelyofbrick.

abrickwall
1bbricknoun[countable]asmallblockofplasticorwood,usedbychildrenforbuildingthings
2.bricknoun[countable]britishinformaloldfashioned:anicehelpfulperson

though:thoughisusedwhenthesecondideamakesthefirstseemsurprising.
thoughhewasoverweight,helikedtobeactive.

envision:Toenvisionsomethingmeanstoimaginethatitmayhappen.
Icanenvisionmymom'sfacewhenIgiveherthispresent!

hinder:Tohinderistokeepsomeoneorsomethingfromdoingsomething.
Allthetraffichinderedmefromgettingtoworkontime.

theft:thecrimeofstealing.SomeonewhocommitsthiscrimeiscalledathiefT.
herehavebeenalotoftheftsrecently.
theftof:Hewaschargedwiththetheftofclubfunds.

charger:

reduce:Toreducesomethingmeanstomakeitlessinsizeornumber.
Whenthestorereduceditsprices,peoplewantedtoshopthere.

consistency:
1.[uncountable]theabilitytoremainthesameinbehaviour,attitudes,orqualities
consistencyin:Thereisnoconsistencyinthewaytheydealwithoffenders.
2.consistencynoun[countable/uncountable]thedegreetowhichasubstanceisthick,smooth,
orfirm
Peanutbutterhasathickcreamyconsistency.

peanut:substantivo amendoim
peanutssubstantivoplural(informal)umamixaria

Theyworkforpeanuts.

Elestrabalhamporumamixaria.

?aviolation
[
va
'le

()n]
Violationisoftenfollowedbyanofphrase.
Thearmystestingofnewweaponswasaviolationoftheceasefireagreement.
ThesculpturesatMt.RushmoremaybeaviolationofsacredIndianland.

Theend