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AECT210-Lecture 36 PDF
AECT210-Lecture 36 PDF
2-Span Condition:
Bars at top
w
R1
L
M pos =
R3
R2
9
( wL2 )
128
M pos =
9
( wL2 )
128
0.375L
0.375L
1
M neg = ( wL2 )
8
Lecture 36 - Page 1 of 11
Moment
Diagram
3-Span Condition:
Bars at top
w
R2
R1
R4
R3
Mpos = 0.08(wL2)
Mpos = 0.08(wL2)
Mpos = 0.025(wL )
0.4L
0.4L
0.5L
Mneg = -0.1(wL2)
0.5L
Mneg = -0.1(wL2)
Rebar Placement:
At the transition between the Mpos and Mneg zones, a minimum overlap of
bars is required per ACI 318. These overlaps are required for developing
the full bar strength in tension. The friction developed between the
concrete and the ribs of the rebar must equal the tensile strength of the
bar. The necessary length of the bar embedment to achieve this friction
force is called the Development Length, Ld, and is specified as a
multiple of bar diameters. For example, the Ld for a Grade 60 rebar and
concrete fc = 4000 PSI = 38 x bar diameter.
Tensile Strength
Friction force
Lecture 36 - Page 2 of 11
Lecture 36 - Page 3 of 11
Concrete Columns:
As discussed in the previous lecture, concrete is good at resisting
compression but poor in resisting tension. So, it might make sense that
concrete would be the material of choice for columns. It is true that
concrete IS used for compression members such as columns, piers,
bearing walls and pedestals. Members under pure compression could
then (theoretically) be unreinforced. These members are often subject to
additional forces such as moment that would put some tensile forces into
the member and would thus necessitate the addition of tension
reinforcement.
Most columns have combined compression and bending. They are
essentially a beam-column. The compression capacity of a reinforced
column is reduced by the bending stresses on the column and vice-versa.
A graph of the axial load capacity of a column vs. the moment capacity of
a typical column is shown below:
Pure compression
Pure bending
Bending moment capacity
Lecture 36 - Page 4 of 11
Unconfined core
Lecture 36 - Page 5 of 11
A confined concrete core will carry substantially more load and will NOT
explode outward like the unconfined concrete section will.
Load
Load
Minor concrete
spalling, core
remains intact
Confined core
Tied Column:
A Tied concrete column is one in which individual rebar ties are used to
wrap completely around the vertical bars to confine the interior core.
These ties are usually #3 or #4 bars spaced per ACI requirements:
Least column dimension
Tie Spacing = smaller of
Lecture 36 - Page 6 of 11
Vertical bars (4
minimum)
Tie bars
Concrete
Spiral Column:
A spiral column has a single rebar wrapped around the vertical bars in a
spiral and is stronger than a comparable tied column. It is more laborintensive to build than a tied column. The ACI requires a minimum of 6
vertical bars, with the same minimum and maximum areas as a tied
column.
Concrete
Pitch =
2 6
Spiral rebar
Lecture 36 - Page 7 of 11
The design aid shown on the next page is based on the assumption that it
is a short column, and slenderness effects need not be considered. A
column not braced against sidesway is considered short if:
Short column if
kL
< 22
r
where:
k = 1.0 for pinned-pinned end connection
= 2.10 for flagpole type column
L = maximum unbraced length, inches
r = radius of gyration, inches
= 0.30h where h = least column dimension for rect. cols.
= 0.25D where D = column diameter for circular cols.
Lecture 36 - Page 8 of 11
Column Interaction Diagram for tied square Short Column, fc = 4000 PSI,
Grade 60 bars
Lecture 36 - Page 9 of 11
Example 1
GIVEN: A square tied column using fc = 4000 PSI and Grade 60 bars has
an applied axial service load = 120 kips and an applied service moment =
40 kip-feet. Assume the column is short. Use # 3 ties.
REQUIRED: Design the column using the interaction diagram above.
Step 1 Determine Load Eccentricity e:
Load Eccentricity e =
M
P
40kip ft (12" / ft )
120 Kips
= 4
Step 2 Determine the curve from graph above:
Using P = 120 kips
e = 4
16
Spacing of ties = smaller of
16 x (8/8) = 16
48 x (3/8) = 18
#3 Tie Spacing = 16
Lecture 36 - Page 10 of 11
16
#3 Grade 60 ties @
16 o.c.
fc = 4000 PSI
concrete
Lecture 36 - Page 11 of 11
16
4 - #8 Grade 60
bars