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Epidemiologie - Infectii Transmise Respirator Si Eruptive
Epidemiologie - Infectii Transmise Respirator Si Eruptive
TRANSMISE RESPIRATOR SI
ERUPTIVE
SL DR. DELIA RASNOVEANU
Medic primar boli infectioase
Medic primar epidemiologie
Doctor in medicina
GRIPA = INFLUENZA
Etiologie: virusuri gripale (influenza) ARN
fam Orthomixoviridae tipuri: A,B,C A =
HnNn (subtip, varianta)
Incubatie: 2-3 zile
Clinic:
- debut brusc: febra, cefalee(headache), dureri
oculare, transpiratii (sweating), frisoane
(shiver), mialgii, astenie, stare de rau general,
tuse (cough) si durere in gat (sorethroat)
- stare: 3-7 zile: semne respiratorii si generale
- complicatii: pneumonie virala, bacteriana,
mixta
SL Dr. Delia Rasnoveanu
GRIPA
GRIPA
Proces epidemiologic:
- sursa: om bolnav
- transmitere: aerian, obiecte recent
contaminate
- receptivitate: generala depinde de
vaccinare anuala (every year)
- evolutie: epidemie, endemie, pandemie
vaccin trivalent cu compozitie noua anual
(virusul are mutatii genetice in fiecare sezon)
Ex. A/duck/Alberta/35/76 H1N1
A/Fujian/411/2002 H3N2
SL Dr. Delia Rasnoveanu
INFECTII PNEUMOCOCICE
INFECTII CU VRS
INFECTII CU EBV
Incubatie = 1-7 zile
Inf ac = MNI
Inf persist = limfom
Burkitt, adenocarcinom
naso-faringian
Sursa = om bolnav
Transmitere = sarut,
resp
Receptivitate = tineri
SL Dr. Delia Rasnoveanu
DIFTERIA
Etiol: Corynebacterium diphteriae Bacil GP (in
maciuca (cane), litere chinezesti): gravis, mitis,
intermedius
Incubatie = 2-6 zile
Clinic: angina (false mbr albe aderente), ulcer cronic
cutanat, fenomene toxice (renal, cardiac, SNC, hepatic)
PE:
Sursa = om bolnav, purtator
Transmitere: aerian (direct, indirect), contact cu
solutii de continuitate
Receptivitate: imunitate prin boala nu e durabila,
prin vaccinare 10-15 ani; vaccin = DTPa, dT
SL Dr. Delia Rasnoveanu
DIFTERIA
Herpes Simplex
MENINGITA
MENINGOCOCICA
Etiologie: Neisseria meningitidis diplococ Gram
negativ serogrupuri (C)
Incubatie = 1-3 zile
Clinic: debut brusc fb, cefalee, varsaturi, fotofobie,
redoare ceafa; purpura fulminans
PE:
Sursa: om bolnav, purtator
MENINGITA
MENINGOCOCICA
OREION = INFECTIE
URLIANA = MUMPS
Etiologie: virus urlian, ARN
Incubatie: 16-18 zile
Clinic: debut brusc (fb, cefalee, mialgii,
inapetenta), stare (tumefiere parotide bilateral),
evolutie (orhita, pancreatita, meningita cu LCR
clar) => diabet juvenil, sterilitate
PE:
sursa: om bolnav contagios: 2-6 zile inainte de
tumefiere si inca 14 zile
Transmitere: aerian contact direct
Receptivitate vaccin ROR (MMR)
SL Dr. Delia Rasnoveanu
OREION = INFECTIE
URLIANA
RUBEOLA
Etiologie: virus rubeolic ARN
Incubatie = 14-21 zile
Clinic: debut lent (fb, poliadenopatie retroauricuara si
occipitala), stare (eruptie 3 zile maculo-papuloasa cu
extindere rapida de la fata)
SRC = malformatii (oculare, otice, cardiace), purpura,
splenomegalie, microcefalie, M-E
PE:
Sursa: om bolnav, contagios 2-3 zile inainte de eruptie si 5-7
zile dupa
Transmitere: aerian contact direct, congenital (sarcina, nastere)
Receptivitate vaccin ROR (MMR)
RUBEOLA
RUJEOLA = MEASLES
Etiologie: virus rujeolic, ARN
Incubatie = 10 zile
Clinic: debut (fb, coriza, conjunctivita, semn Koplick),
eruptie 4-6 zile maculo-papuloasa (retroauricular,
extindere fata si gat z1, torace si radacina membre
z2, abdomen si extremitati z3), dispare in aceeasi
ordine in 2-3 zile, piele pigmentata 3 zile
PE:
sursa: om bolnav
Transmitere: aerian direct, indirect
Receptivitate: imunitate de la mama 3-6 luni, vaccin ROR
(MMR)
SL Dr. Delia Rasnoveanu
RUJEOLA
ROSEOLA INFANTUM
SCARLATINA SI INF.
STREPTOCOCICE
= SCARLET FEVER
SCARLATINA
TUSE CONVULSIVA
Etiologie: Bordetella pertussis cocobacil GN
Incubatie = 7-10 zile
Clinic: accese paroxistice de tuse emetizanta
(vomoting cough) cu prodrom, dureaza saptamani
PE:
Sursa: om bolnav
Transmitere: aerian direct si indirect
Receptivitate: vaccin DTPa
VARICELA SI HERPES
ZOSTER
Etiologie: VVZ cu ADN = HHV3
Incubatie: 14 zile, latent pt HZ
Clinic: eruptie maculo-papulo-veziculoasa
pruriginoasa, cruste toate stadiile in acelasi
timp; HZ pe traseu nervos
PE:
Sursa: om bolnav pana in faza de cruste
Transmitere: aerian, contact lichid vezicule; gravide
malf.cong
Receptivitate: generala, vaccin optional
VARICELA
HZ