1CHAPTER 5: LIGHT

5.1 REFLECTION OF LIGHT

1. Question 1: Johor 09
Diagram 1 shows light rays parallel with
the principal axis directed to a concave
mirror.

2. An object is placed at a distance

,u from a concave mirror, M. The
table shows the characteristics of
image , when the distance u is
varied.
a. Name the light phenomenon
phenome
that is
involved to form the image by the
mirror.
_____________________________

Object
distance , u
/cm
10
Diagram 1
(a)

Complete the sentence below by

ticking (x) the correct box.
The light rays reflected by
y the mirror
will :
Converge at a point F .........
Diverge from a point F .........
[1 mark]
(b) Complete the ray diagram on
Diagram 1 and mark F on the
principla axis.
[1 mark]
(c) What is the characteristics of
image formed by the mirror in
Diagram 1?
..........................................................
[2 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Image
Characteristics

20
30

Real, inverted, same

size as the object

40

b. Using the information in the table,

determine the focal length of the
mirror M.
_____________________________
c. Give the reason for your answer in
(b).
____________________________
d. Complete the table.
e. An object is placed at a distance 50
cm from the concave mirror M.
(i) Draw a ray diagram in the space
below to show the formation of
the image.

3. Question 2: N9 08
Diagram 1 shows the side mirrors of a
car which helps the driver to see
objects behind the car more effectively.

4. Question 3: Kedah 07
Diagram 3.1 shows a mirror at the
corner of a shop.

Diagram 3.1
(a) State the type of mirror used.
.............................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Give one reason why this type of
mirror is used instead of a plane
mirror.
..............................................................
[1 mark]
(c) In Diagram 2, F is the focal point
and C is the centre of curvature of a
convex mirror.

(a) Name the type of mirror shown in

Diagram 3.1.
...............................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Name one characteristic of the
image formed by the mirror.

...............................................................
[1 mark]

(c) Sketch a ray diagram to show how

the image is formed.

(i) Complete the ray diagram in

Diagram 2 to show the position
of the image formed.
[ 2 marks]
(ii) State two characteristics of the
image formed.
.........................................................
.........................................................
[2 marks]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

[3 marks]
(d) What is the advantage of using this
type of mirror in the shop?
...............................................................
[1 mark]

5. Question 6: SBP Final F4 08

Diagram 6.1 and 6.2 show a virtual
image produced by a plane mirror and
a convex mirror respectively.

(d) Name the light phenomenon that

occurs.
..........................................................
..............................................
[1mark]
(e) State one advantage of using
convex mirror as the side
s
mirror of
a car.
...............................................................
[1mark]

(a)

What is meant by virtual image?

............................................................
[1 mark ]

(b) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram

6.2,
(i) compare the size of the image

6. Question 7: Trengganu 07
Diagram 7.1 shows two cars, P and Q ,
travelling in the opposite directions,
passing through a sharp band. A mirror
is placed at X .

.......................................................
.................................
[1 mark]
(ii) state one other similarity of the
image formed besides virtual.
......................................................
[1 mark]
(c) In Diagram 6.3, draw a ray diagram
to show how the
he image in Diagram
6.2 is formed.
[3 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

DIAGAM 7.1
(a) Diagram 7.2 shows an incomplete
ray diagram when a plane mirror is
placed at X.

DIAGRAM 7.2

(i)

Complete the ray diagram in

Diagram 7.2
[2 marks]

(ii)

DIAGRAM
AGRAM 7.3
(i)

State the light phenomenon

involved in (a)(i).
................................................
..........................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Based on your answer in (a)(i),

state the problem experienced
by the driver in car P.
....................................................
....................................................
....................
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 7.3 shows an incomplete
ray diagram when a curve mirror is
placed at X to replace the plane
mirror in Diagram 7.2. The curve
mirror is used to overcome the
problem that occur
ur in (a)(iii).

Give the name of the curve

mirror.
....................................................
[1 mark]

(ii)

Complete the ray diagram in

Diagram 7.3
[2 marks]

(iii) Based on your answer in b(ii),

how the curve mirror solved
the problem in (a) (iii)?
....................................................
[1 mark]
(c) The characteristics of the image
formed by the curved mirror in
Figure 7.3 is diminished, virtual
and upright.
(i)
What happen to the
characteristics of the image
when the focal length of the
curved mirror is increased?
.................................................
[1 mark]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(ii)

Give the reason for your

answer in (c)(i).
........................................
....................................................
[1 mark]

8. Question 3: Melaka 07
An observer is looking at a piece of coin
at the bottom of a glass filled with water
as
s shown in Diagram3. He found that
the image of the coin is nearer to the
surface of the water.

5.2 REFRACTION OF LIGHT

7. Diagram 2 shows a light ray
passing through a glass prism.

(a) Name the phenomenon involved

involved.
........................................................
..................
[1 mark]
(b) Why does the phenomenon in (a)
occur.

(a) (i) State a characteristic of image in

Diagram 3.
.......................................................
[1 mark]

........................................................
...............................
[1 mark]
(c)

What is the refraction angle?

.......................................................
[1 mark]

(d) Calculate the refractive index of

the glass prism.
[2 marks]

(ii) Name the science

phenomenon involve in the
observation above.
....................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Explain why the image of the
th coin
appears nearer to the surface of
the water.
..........................................................
..........................................................
[2 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(c) On Diagram 3, complete the ray

diagram
iagram from the coin to the
observers eye.
[2 marks]
9. Question 5: Trengganu 08
Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2 show an
identical pencil is immersed in the
distilled water and sea water
respectively.

(c)

Name the phenomenon shown in

Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2

........................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Underline the correct answer in the
bracket to complete the sentence
se
below.
Phenomenon in (d) happens
because of the change in (velocity,
frequency) of the light.
[1 mark]
(e)

Diagram 5.3 shows a coin in a

beaker filled with water.
In Diagram 5.3 , draw a ray diagram
from
m a coin to the eye to show how
the image of the coin is formed.

(a) Based on Diagram

m 5.1 and Diagram
5.2,
(i) compare the bending of the
pencil
......................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) compare the density of distilled
water and the sea water

(iii)

................................................
[1 mark]
state
tate the relationship between
the density of water with the
bending of the pencil

..................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Diagram 5.1, compare
the size of the observed pencil
inside and outside the distilled
water
........................................................
..............................................
[1 mark]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

10. Question 5: SBP 08

Diagram 5.1 shows a student watching
a container filled with water. He looks
vertically down at an object placed at
the bottom of the container. He notices
that the object
ct appears to be nearer to
him than it really is.
The water in the container is then
replaced with liquid X which is denser
than water and the students repeated
his experiment.

He estimates the real and apparent

depth of the water and liquid X
respectively
y and plots a graph using his
experimental results as shown in
Diagram 5.2.

g.

Iff the student repeated the

experiment above using a glass
block, instead of water, compare
the size of the image seeing from
the glass block to that of water in
Diagram 5.1
.............................................................
.............................................................
[1 mark]

11. Question 5: Kedah 09

Diagram 5.1 shows a ray of light
entering from air into water.
Diagram 5.2 shows a ray of light
entering from air into glass.
a.

Based on Diagram 5.2, compare

the gradient of the graph.
.............................................................
[1 mark]

b. Compare the refractive index of

water and liquid X.
.............................................................
[1 mark]
c.

Relate the density of liquid with the

refractive index.
.............................................................
[1 mark]

d. Calculate refractive index of the

liquid X.

e.

[2 marks]
Name the phenomenon involve.
.............................................................
[1 mark]

f.

What happen to the wavelength of

light as it leaves the water?
.............................................................
....................................
[1 mark]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(a) (i)

Compare the speed of light in

water with the speed of light in
air.
.......................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Compare the speed of light in

glass with the speed of light in
air.
..........................................................
[1 mark]

5.3

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

12. Question 4: MARA 09

Diagram 4.1 shows a light ray incident
into a glass block.

(iii) State the relationship between

the speed of light in a medium
and the direction of bending of
light in that medium.
......................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Name the phenomenon shown
in Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2
......................................................
[1 mark]

(e)

(i) Based on Diagram 4.1, the angle

of 42 is known as ........................
[1 mark]
(ii) Calculate the refractive index
for the glass block.
[2 marks]

(b) The light ray is adjusted so that the

angle at M is now 48, as shown in
Diagram 4.2.

(b) Diagram 5.3 shows a point P at the

bottom of a swimming pool appears
to be at the point Q to the observer.
(i) complete Diagram 5.3 by
drawing light rays to show how
the image of the point P is seen
at Q.
[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the refractive index of
the water in the swimming pool.
[2 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(i)

(ii)

On Diagram 4.2, complete the

pathway for the light ray.
[1 mark]
Explain your answer in 4(b)(i).
...................................................
[1 mark]

(i)
i) In the glass block in Diagram 4.2,
draw the refracted ray.
[1 mark ]
(ii)
ii) Why the angle in the glass blocks
different from the water.
...........................................................
...............................
...........................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(c) Diagram 4.3 shows a light ray

propagating into a glass block.
(i) On Diagram 4.3, complete the
propagation of the light ray.
[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 4.3 shows a diamond with

a carefully cut faces and give the
diamond its sparkle.
Diagram 4.4 shows entering light
into the diamond

(ii) What happens to the angle of

refraction if a denser glass
block is used?
...................................................
...................................
[1 mark]
13. Question 4: Trengganu 07
Diagram 4.1 shows a ray of light travels
from air to water.
Diagram 4.2
.2 shows a ray of light travels
from air to a thick glass block..
The refractive index of water and glass
is 1.33 and 1.50 respectively

(i)

Complete the ray in Diagram 4.4.

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Give one reason for your answer in
(c) (i).
..............................................................
..............................................................
[ 1 mark ]
(d) If the refractive index of a diamond
is 2.40 calculate the critical angle of
the diamond.

(a) What is meant by refractive index?

.....................................................................

[1 mark]
(b) In Diagram 4.1, the ray in the water is
bent toward normal
mal at a certain
angle.
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

[2 marks]

14. Figure 5 shows two glass prisms

with right angle are being used in
a binocular.

(a) Name this natural phenomenon

as observed by the
he driver.
..........................................................
[1 mark]
(b) State the physics concept that is
involved in this phenomenon.
..........................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) How is the density of the cool
air compare to the density of
the warm air?

(i) On the diagram, complete the

light ray until
ntil it reaches the
observer.
(ii) State the characteristic of the
image in a binocular.
_____________________________
(iii)Give
Give advantages of using a
binocular instead of a telescope.

....................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) When light rays propagates
from a denser medium to a
less dense medium, state what
happen to the direction of the
refracted rays.
....................................................
[1 mark]

_____________________________
____________________________
_____________________________

(iii) Complete Diagram 2.2 to

show the formation of the
natural phenomenon as
shown in Diagram 2.1.

15. Question 2: Johor 08

Diagram 2.1 shows a driver that is
driving under a hot sun, sees a pool of
water appearing on the road ahead, but
the pool of water disappears as the car
approaches it.

Diagram 2.1
Diagram 2.2
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

16. Figure 6 shows an optical fibre. It

consists of two layers which are
made of material P and Q. P and
Q are of different optical
densities.

5.4 LENSES
17. Figure 1.1 shows an object X
placed in front of a convex lens.

a. Name the light phenomena

observed in optical fibre.
...............................................................
b. Which material
(i) is optically denser?

(i) Draw a ray diagram to show the

formation of image of the object X
by the lens.
(ii) State three characteristics of the
image formed by the convex lens.

__________________________
(ii) Has a higher refractive index?

(b) Figure 7.2 shows an object Y placed

in front of a concave lens.

__________________________
____________________
(c) The refractive index of inner core
Y is 2.10. Calculate the critical
angle of the inner core Y.
[ 2 marks ]
(d) State one use of optical fibre in
(i) medical field
_____________________________
(ii)communication
____________________________

(i) Draw a ray diagram to show the

formation of image of the object Y
by the lens.
(ii) State three
ee characteristics of the
image formed by the concave
lens.
________________________

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

18. Figure 2 shows two parallel light

rays enter a convex lens and then
converge at the other side of the
lens.

19. Question 2: SBP 08

Diagram 2 shows an object is placed in
front of a convex lens on the principal
axis. F is the focal point of the lens.

Figure 2
(a) Where is position of the object?
________________________
(b) State three characteristics of the
image formed by the lens.
________________________
(c) What is the focal length of the lens?

(d) An object with a height of 4 cm is

placed at a distance 15 cm in front
of the lens. Find
(i) object distance

(a) What is meant by focal length?

..........................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Using the information in diagram
2,calculate the image distance.

[2 marks]
(c) (i) Complete the diagram 1 to
determine the position of
image form.
[1 mark]

(ii) height of the image

(ii) State the characteristic of the
image form.
(iii) characteristics of the image
_____________________
Iv) A light bulb is put in front of the
lens. Parallel light rays emerge
from the lens. Where is the
position
on of the light bulb?
________________________
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

....................................................
[1 mark]

20. Figure 3 shows a convex lens

which has a focal length of 15.0
cm. An object is placed at a
distance 20 cm in front of the
lens.

21. Question 6: Mid Melaka 09

Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show light
rays from two identical objects passing
through the convex lenses, M and N.
Both of the lenses produce virtual
images. F is the focal point of each lens.

Figure 3
(a)

(i) complete the ray diagram.

Determine the position of the
image.

Diagram 6.1

(ii)State the characteristics of the

image.
_______________________
(b)

Calculate the image distance.

Diagram 6.2
(a) What is meant by virtual image?

(c)

Find linear magnification of the

image.

[1 mark]
(b) Observe Diagram 6.1 and Diagram
6.2. State the difference between:
(i)
size of image produced by the
lenses.

(d)

The convex lens is replaced by a

concave lens which also has a
focal length of 15 cm. State any
changes in the characteristics of
the image formed by the concave
lens.

___________________________
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(ii)

..
[1 mark]
the object distance ,u.

(iii)

....................................................
[1 mark]
the image distance , v.
..
[1 mark]

(c) State the relationship between the

image size and the image distance
of the lens
...............................................................
[1 mark]
(d) Based on the answers in 6 (b) and
6(c), write
te an equation to show the
relationship between the
magnification of the image, m ,
object distance, u and the image
distance, v.
..
[1 mark]
(e) Half of lens M in Diagram 6.1 is
covered with a piece of black paper.
(i) What happen to the image produced
by lens M.

[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in 6 (e) (i).

(b) State the characteristics of the

image formed.
............................................................
[1 mark]
(c) If the object
bject is placed at a distance
30 cm from the lens, calculate:
(i)
The image distance
[2 marks]
(ii)

[1 mark]
(d) You are given another convex lens,
Y with focal length 50 cm. You are
required to create a simple
astronomical telescope using
convex lenses X and Y.
(i)
Which lens is suitable to be
objective lens and eyepiece?
Objective lens:.

[1 mark]

Eyepiece lens:
[2 marks]
(ii)

22. Question 8: Kelantan 08

Diagram 8 shows an object, O with
height 2 cm placed on the left side of a
convex lens X. The focal length of the
convex lens is 10 cm.

Linear magnification

Give one reason to your

answer in (d)(i)

.
[1 mark]
(e) Draw the arrangement of the
lenses and sketch the ray path
from distance object using
convex lenses X and Y to form a
simple astronomical telescope.
[3 marks]

(a) In Diagram 8 draw the ray path

from the object
ject to form an image.
[2 marks]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

23. Conceptual: Kelantan 08

Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3 show two
rectangular glass blocks with different
optical density and refractive in
index.
Ray of light is directed toward the glass
blocks with the same angle of incidence
30.

Based on Diagram 9.2 and 9.3,

(i)
Compare the densities of the
glass blocks.
(ii)
Compare the refractive index
of the glass blocks.
(iii) Compare the angle of
refraction of the
e glass blocks.
(iv)
Relate the angle of refraction,
r and the density of the glass
blocks.
(v)
Relate the angle of refraction,
r and the refractive index of
the glass blocks.
[5 marks]

24. Conceptual : Perak 07

Diagram
ram 9.1 shows a ray of light ray
enter a rectangular glass block and
Diagram 9.2 the light ray enter a prism
at right angle. Both the block cause the
light ray to change its direction.

Diagram 9.1

Diagram 9.2
(i)

Name the phenomena?

[ 1 mark]

(ii)

With reference to diagram 9.1

and 9.2 compare the angles of
the rays in both blocks .
Relate all the angles in
diagram
iagram 9.2 to show the
relationship with refractive
index of the glass block.
State one condition for the
above phenomena to occur.
[5 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

25. Conceptual: Johor 08

Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a
transparent block made of a material
with a different
rent refractive index. A light
ray travel in both blocks with the same
incident angle, i.

relationship between the thickness

of the lens and the focal length.
[5 marks]
27. Conceptual: Melaka 08
Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show
light rays from two identical objects
passing through a convex lens.Both
situations produce real images. F is the
focal point for the convex lens

(i) What is meant by a refractive

index?
[1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2,
compare the refractive index,
refraction angle and critical angle
between the two blocks.
Base on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram
9.2, relate the refractive index with
critical angle.
[5 marks]
26. Conceptual: Melaka 08
Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show
parallel light rays passing through
convex lenses J and K. F is the
principle focus and O is the optical
centre .

(i) What is meant by principle focus ?

[1 mark]
(ii) Based on Diagrams 9.1 and 9.2 ,
compare the thickness of the convex
lenses J and K and the effect on the
refracted
cted light rays. State the
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(i) What is meant by real image?

[1 mark]

(ii) Based on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram

10.2, compare the object distance,
the image distance and
a the size of
image. Relate the size of the image
with the image distance to make a
deduction regarding the relationship
between the object distance and the
size of the image.
[5 marks]

28. Conceptual: SBP 08

A student used a slide projector to view
the image from the slide.
When the slide is place nearer to the
lens the sharp image form on the
screen as shown in Diagram 9.1.
When the slide is place further from the
lens the sharp image form on the
screen as shown in Diagram 9.2.

(i) State the type of mirror used by the

dentist.
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the ray diagram to show the
characteristic
racteristic of image seen by the
dentist.
[3 marks]
30. Understanding: Melaka 08
Describe how you estimate the focal
length of a convex lens.
[4 marks]
31. Understanding: Kelantan 08
Diagram 9.1 shows a ray of light
directed perpendicularly at a side of the
semi circular glass block. The ray
passes through the glass block to a
point O before leaving the glass block.
The angle of incidence
dence in the glass
block is 30.

Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram

agram 9.2,
compare the object distance, the image
distance and size of image that formed
on the screen.
Relate the object distance to the image
distance and the object distance to the
size of image that formed on the screen.
[ 5 marks ]

29. Understanding: SBP 08

Diagram 10.3 shows a dentist used a
mirror to examine a tooth of a patient.

Diagram 10.3
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(a) What is meant by angle of

incidence?
[1 mark]
(b) Explain how total internal
reflection occurs in Diagram 9.1
above.
[4 marks]

32. Understanding: Johor 08

(i) State two conditions under which
light ray would undergo total internal
reflection.
[2 marks]
(ii) Diagram 9.3 shows a light ray is
incident on a piece of Crown Glass
of critical angle 42.
Draw the light ray to show how a ray
emerging from the Crown Glass
[2 marks]

33. Understanding: SBP 08

35. Understanding: Kedah 07

With the help of a diagram, explain the
working principle of an optical fibre.
[4 marks]
36. Understanding: MRSM 07
Figure 11.1 shows the top view position
of a car driver, the cars side mirror and
the front of a lorry which is overtaking
the car.

(i) Name the type of mirror used for the

side mirror in Figure 11.1.
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain why the mirror in Figure
11.1 is used instead of other types
of mirror.
[3 marks]

While driving
ng a car on a hot day, you
may see a mirage on the road. Explain
how mirage occurred.
[ 4 marks ]
34. Understanding: Perak 07
Explain why a fish in a pond able to see
objects around him although there are
obstacles.
[4 marks]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(iii) The focal length of the side mirror

in Figure 11.1 is 5 cm. An object
with a height of 3 cm is placed 6 cm
in front of the mirror. Using a scale
of 1:1, draw a ray diagram to show
how the image of the object is
formed.
[2 marks]

37. Understanding: Johor 07

Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2 shows
two incomplete periscopes R and S.
Periscope R uses two plane mirrors to
reflect the light.
Periscope S uses two prisms to enable
total internal
al reflection of light.

[5 marks]

38. Qualitative problem: Perak 07

You are given
n two right angles prisms
to build a periscope.
(i)

Explain how you are going to

build a simple periscope
[6 marks ]

(ii)

Suggest modification to be
made to convert the periscope
to binoculars
[ 4 marks ]

39. Qualitative problem: Johor 08

Diagram 9.4 shows the structure of an
optical
fibre
used
in
telecommunications.

(a) Which periscope produces clearer

image? Give a reason for your
choice.
[2 marks]
(b) Complete the diagrams belo
below to
show the positions of the plane
mirrors in periscope R and the
prisms in periscope S.
Draw the ray diagram to show the
reflection of light in periscopes R
and S.
State a condition that enable total
internal reflection of light in the
prism of the periscope S.
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Optical fibres are made of fine strands

of glass. Each single glass fibre (inner
core) is coated with a thin layer of
another
type
of
glass
(outer
cladding).You are required to give some
suggestions in designing an optical
fibre which can carry
arry more information.
Explain your suggestions base on the
following aspects:

(i) refractive index of the inner and

outer glass
(ii) the properties of material used for
optical fibre
(iii) the thickness of the glass
[10 marks]

40. Qualitative problem: SBP 08

Diagram 9.5 shows a simple
astronomical telescope.

By using two prism and a telescope in

Diagram 9.5, suggest modification that
can be done to make a binocular.
In your explanation,
(i) draw the arrangement of the prisms
and lenses draw ray diagram to
explain
in how the image form

(ii) Suggest a suitable optical

optic device to
modify the microscope you built in
(c)(i) to produce brighter image.
[2 marks]
(iii) Suggest and explain a method to
produce a bigger image in the
compound microscope.
[2 marks]

42. Making Decision: Johor 07

Diagram 11.3, 11.4 and 11.5 show the
reflection of light by three types of
mirrors

As a scout, you intend to design a solar

cooker that can be used to boil water
using direct sun light.
Diagram 11.6 shows
hows three different
design of the solar cooker.

(ii) state two advantages using

binocular compared to telescope

when observing far object on the
ground.
[ 10 marks ]

41. Qualitative problem: Melaka 08

You are given two convex lenses, R and
S, with focal lengths of 40 cm and 10 cm
respectively. Both the lenses are used
to build a compound microscope.
(i) Using the two lenses, explain how
you would build a compound
microscope.
[6 marks]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(a) Choose the most suitable design

in Diagram11.6 that can boiled
water in the shortest time and
explain the suitability of the
design.

(b) Suggest and explain two ways to

improve the design you c
chose in
(a).
(c) Give two reasons why the above
solar cooker is said to be
environmental friendly?

44. Making Decision: MRSM 07

You are asked to investigate the
features of optical fibres for the design
of an endoscope for medical imaging.
Figure 11.2 below shows the parts of an
optical fibre.

(d) Give two reasons why the solar

energy is not widely used?

[10 marks]

43. Making Decision: Kedah 07

Table 11.1 shows 5 materials which can
be used to make an optical fibre.
Refractive
index of
Outer
core
Refractive
Index of
Inner
Core
Flexibility

(i) Write an equation for finding

inding the
refractive index of a material in term
of velocity of light?
[1 mark]
(ii)

You are asked to investigate

the characteristics of the
materials in Table 11.1 which
could be used to make the optical
fibre.
Explain the suitability of each
characteristic and hence,
determine the most suitable
material to be used to make the
optical fibre.
Give a reason for your c
choice.
[10 marks]

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

Diameter
of fibre
(mm)

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

High

Low

High

low

1.00

1.00

0.01

0.01

(i) Based on the Table above, explain

the suitable features of the optical
fibres and then determine the most
suitable optical fibre that can be
used to design the endoscope.
Give reasons for your choice.
[8 marks]
(ii) Figure 11.3 shows an endoscope.
At the two ends of the endoscope
endosc
are two lenses. One is the
objective lens, the other is the eye
piece.

(ii) The depth of water in Diagram 11.2 is

16 cm. Calculate the apparent depth
of the coin when viewed directly
dir
from above by the observer.
4
[Refractive index of water = ]
3
[2 marks]
(iii) Suggest one method that will
make the coin appear nearer to the
observer than in (b)(i).
State the function of the two lenses.
[2 marks]
45. Quantitative problem: MRSM 07
An object is placed 30 cm from a
convex lens
ens of focal length 10 cm.
(i)
Calculate the image distance

[1 mark]
47. Section B: Kelantan 09
Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show
parallel rays are directed towards the
lenses P and Q with focal point F.

(ii)

Calculate the linear

magnification for the image.
[5 marks]
46. Quantitative problem: Kedah 07
Diagram 11.1 shows a coin at the
bottom of a tall empty cup.
Diagram 11.2 shows the coin at the
bottom of the cup when the cup is filled
with water

Diagram 11.1

Diagram 11.2

(i) Compare the size of the coin in

Diagram 11.1 and Diagram 11.2, as
seen by an observer above the cup.
State the phenomenon that caused
the difference in size of the coin in
seen in Diagram 11.1 and Diagram
11.2.
[2 marks]
FIZIKMOZAC 2010

(a) What is meant by focal point?

[1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 9.1

1 and Diagram 9.2,
compare the thickness, the focal
length and power of the lens.
Relate the thickness of the lens with
the focal length to make a
deduction regarding the
relationship between thickness of
the lens and the power of lens.
[5 marks]
(c) Diagram 9.3 shows lens P is used
as a magnifying glass.

Using an appropriate physics concept,

suggest and explain suitable
modifications or ways to enable the
microscope to increase its efficiency
efficien
and to form a brighter and clear image.
Your modification can be emphasized
on the following aspects:
-

(i)

(ii)

At which position the object

should be placed so that lens
P will acts as a magnifying
glass?
Draw a ray diagram to show
the formation of image formed
by lens P in Diagram 9.3
[4 marks]

(d) Diagram 9.4 shows a compound

microscope

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

The selection of lens as objective

lens and as an eyepiece
The position of the object
The position of the eyepiece lens
The distance between the
objective
ective lens and eyepiece
Condition of the place to store
the microscope.
[10 marks]

48. Section B: Melaka 09

Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show light
rays travel from glass to air. The
incidence rays traveled
travele into the glass
are at different angle. The critical angle
of the glass is 420.

Diagram 9.2
(i)

(a) (i) What is meant by critical angle?

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2,
compare the size of the incident
angles and the effect of these
incident angles towards the
propagation of light rays produced.
Relate the size of the angle with the
critical angle to make a deduction
regarding the relationship to
deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks ]
(b) It is known that the sky is red
during sunset and the
formation of rainbow on the sky
always appeared after raining.
Explain these phenomena.
[4 marks ]
(c)

You are given two type of glass

with different refractive index .
Both glasses are used to build an
optical fiber. The structure of this
optical fiber is shown on Diagram
9.2.

FIZIKMOZAC 2010

By combining the two types of

glasses, explain how you are
going to build the optical fiber
in telecommunication and
describe the working principle
of the optical fiber.
[6 marks]

(ii) Suggest modification that needs

to be done so that your optical
fiber can be use in an endoscope
for medical imaging. Your
modification should base on the
features of the optical fiber and
the flexibility of the fiber optic.
[4 marks]