Section One: Industry in the North

New Inventions
1. In 1846, Elias Howe invented the ____________________________________
A. Workers could now make dozens of shirts in the time it took for a tailor to sew one by
hand
2. In 1825, Jethro Wood invented the iron plow with replaceable parts. It was later improved
upon by John Deere.
3. In 1847, Cyrus McCormick opened a factory in Chicago with mechanical reapers.
A. This horse drawn machine moved wheat and other grains, it could now do the work of 5
people using hand tools.
4. The mechanical drill, thrashing machine, and horse drawn hay rake made it possible to raise
_____________ grains with _______________ hands
5. In 1844, Samuel F. B. Morse invented the _______________________
A. Sent electrical signals along a wire
B. Morse Code - a system of dots and dashes
C. News traveled faster and businesses ___________________ because of this

Railroads
6. First used to provide transportation to the canals
A. 1829, steam powered locomotive engines were used to _____________ rail cars
7. Difficulties with railroads:
A. Workers feared they would lose their jobs
D. People invested in canals feared that competition from railroads would cause them to
lose their investments
E. Not always ____________ and reliable
F. Locomotives broke down

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Railroads Boom
8. Traveling became safer and _________________
A. Sturdier bridges and solid roadbeds
G. Wooden rails were replaced by ______________ rails

Yankee Clippers
9. 1845, John Griffiths launched the Rainbow, the first __________________ ship
A. Clipper ships were sleek vessels that had tall masts and high slits that caught every gust
of wind, and narrow hills that clipped ______________________ through water

The Northern Economy Expands

10. In the 1830s, factories used ________________________________ instead of waterpower
A. More powerful and cheaper
H. Factories could now be built anywhere because they no longer __________________ on
a source of water
I.

American industry ________________________ rapidly

11. Produce ________________ goods at a ______________ cost

Section Two: Life in the South

Factory Conditions Become Worse

1

Artisansskilled workers

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2. Factory owners were more concerned with quantity than quality

3. Entire families were now working in factories because the need for workers
_______________________ , they worked from 4am to 730pm

Northern Economy Expands

4. Families no longer had to make clothing at home
5. Railroads allowed factory owners to transport large amounts of raw materials and finished
goods cheaply and ___________________
6. Linked distant towns with cities and factories

Factory Conditions
7. Few factories had windows or heating systems
8. Machines had no safety devices so accidents were ____________________
9. There were no laws regulating factory conditions so injured workers often ____________
their jobs

Workers Join Together

10. Trade unions demanded
A. Shorter work days
J.

_________________ wages

K. Better working _______________________

11. Strikesunion workers refused to do their jobs
A. Illegal in many parts of the United States
12. 1840, President _____________________________ approved the 10 hour work day for
government employees
13. 1842, Massachusetts court declared that workers had the _____________________________

Women In the Textile Mills

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14. Earned less money than ______________

15. Union workers did not want them, and they believed women should not work outside the
home
16. The goal of many unions was to ____________ mens wages so that their wives could leave
_________________ jobs

Strikes for Women

17. 1830s, Lowell, Massachusetts
18. 1840s, Lowell Female Labor Reform Association
A. Formed by Sarah Bagley
L. Wanted a _________________ workday

New Wave of Immigrants

19. Late 1840s, many factory workers in the north were _________________________
20. Immigranta person who enters a new country in order to settle there
21. 1840s and 1850s, about 4 million immigrants arrived
22. Irish Immigrants
A. 1840s, a disease destroyed potato crops in Ireland
M. Faminea severe food shortage
N. Thousands died of ___________________________
O. 1845 to 1860, over 1.5 million Irish people fled to the United States
23. German Immigrants
A. 1829 to 1830, harsh weather conditions in Germany caused a
__________________________
P. 1832, more than 10,000 Germans came to the United States
Q. Came to America to make a ___________________________ for themselves
R. 1848 to 1860, nearly 1 million Germans arrived in the United States

Immigrants Supplied Labor

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24. Irish immigrants moved to __________________ cities and worked in factories because they
couldnt afford to buy land and farm
25. Irish immigrants also helped _________________________ and railroads while women
worked as servants in private homes
26. German immigrants moved ______________ and bought land. Others became artisans and
merchants in midwest towns

Reaction Against Immigrants

27. Nativistspeople who want to preserve the country for native born white citizens
A. Americans must rule America
S. Wanted laws to _____________ immigration
T. Laws to keep immigrants from voting until they lived in the United States for 21 years
28. Nativists believed that immigrants stole their jobs because they could work for
________________ pay
29. There was a rise of ______________ in cities
30. Distrusted Irish because they were Catholic, because until the 1840s, the majority of people
from Europe were Protestant

Know Nothing Party

31. 1850s, hostility was strong that nativists formed a new _____________________ party
A. Anti-immigrant and anti-Catholic
32. Meetings and rituals were kept a __________
33. Members would answer ______________________________________ when asked about
the party
34. 1856, a presidential candidate won 21% of the popular vote

African Americans in the North

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35. Early 1890s, all northern states ___________________ slavery, and thousands of free
African Americans lived in the North
36. Discriminationa policy or attitude that denies equal rights to certain groups of people
A. In the North, they were _________________ the ballot box, jury box, halls of the
legislature, army, public lands, schools, and churches
37. Trouble finding jobs
38. 1845, Macon Allen was the first African American licensed to practice law
39. Henry Blair, invented the corn planter and cotton seed planter

Section Three: Cotton Kingdom in the South

Cotton Gin, Cotton Boom

1

The industrial revolution ___________________ the demand for southern cotton

40. Eli Whitneycreated the cotton gin, which removed the cotton __________ from the cotton
A. A single worker using a cotton gin could do the work of 50 people cleaning cotton by
hand
41. Boomswift growth
42. 1792, ________________ only grew about 6,000 bales of cotton a year, by 1850 it was over
2 million bales of cotton

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43. Planters learned that the _________ wore out if planted with cotton year after yearneed
new to land to cultivate
44. Cultivateprepare land for planting

1850s Cotton Plantations

45. Cotton Kingdom, as this spread so did slavery
A. From South Caroline through Alabama and Mississippi to Texas
U. Cotton still had to be planted and picked by hand
46. Cruel cyclethe work of slaves brought profits to planters who used their profits to buy
more land and more slaves

Economically Dependent
47. Southern planters often _______________ money from northern banks in order to expand
their plantations
48. They also purchased much of their furniture, farm tools, and machines from northern or
European factories
49. Many southerners ___________________ this situation
Section Four: Life in the South

White Southerners
1

1860, only one white southerner in 30 belonged to a planter family

A. Less than 1% owned 50 or more slaves

50. Wealthy families were called the cottonocracy because they made huge amounts of money
from cotton
51. Small farmers
A. About 75% of southern whites were small farmers

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V. These plain folk ________________ the land they farmed

W. They worked alongside _________________________
52. Poor Whites
A. They did not own the land they fared, they ________________ it and payed their owner
with party of their crop
X. Enjoyed the____________ that were denied to all black people

African American Southerners

53. Free African Americans
A. 1860, over 200,000 free blacks lived in the South
Y. Lived in Maryland and Delaware where slavery was in decline
Z. Slave owners _____________ that free African Americans would encourage slaves to
rebel
AA.

Not allowed to travel or vote

54. Made contributions to southern life

A. Norbert Rullieux, invented a machine that ________________________ the way sugar
was refined
AB.

Henry Blair, patented a seed planter

55. Enslaved African Americans

A. 1860, they made up 1/3 of the Souths population
AC.

Most worked as ___________________

56. On large plantations, some became skilled workers

Life Without Freedom

57. Slave codeslaws that kept slaves from running away or rebelling
A. Forbidden to gather in groups of more than ______________
AD.

Could not leave the ________________ land without a written pass

58. Not allowed to own guns

59. Could not learn to read or write

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60. One real protection

A. Viewed as _________________, so owners wanted to keep this human property healthy
and productive
61. Worked up to 16 hours a day
62. Southern laws did not recognize slave ______________ or slave _________________
63. Children were often ____________ from their parents and sold

Resistance Against Slavery

64. Some broke __________, destroyed _________, and stole ____________
65. Tried to ____________ to the North
66. Few used violence to resist the brutal slave system
67. Revolts were rare because whites were cautious and well armed

Nat Turner
68. 1831, African American preacher led a _____________
69. His mission was to take ________________ on plantation workers
70. Led ________________ through Virginia, killing 57 whites
71. His revolt increased southern ___________ of an uprising of enslaved African Americans

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