Course Work For Chemistry PHD

Index of Ph.
D Course work syllabus

Group-1 Inorganic Chemistry
Subject Code
Subject
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 1
Inorganic chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 2
Fundamentals of chemical analysis
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 3
Industrial inorganic chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 4
Coordination chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 5
Organometallic chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 6
Bioinorganic chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 7
Advanced inorganic chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 8
Selected topics in inorganic chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 9
Chemistry of inorganic materials
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 10
Inorganic clusters and supra molecular

chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 11
Physical methods in inorganic chemistry
CHE-Ph.D-1 IN 12
Group theory and applied inorganic

chemistry
1
Ph.D in Chemistry Course Work Syllabus
Index of Ph.D Course work syllabus

Group-II Organic Chemistry
Subject Code
Subject
CHE-PhD-2 OR 1
Organic chemistry stereochemistry and reaction

mechanism
CHE-PhD-2 OR 2
Organic reactions and mechanism
CHE-PhD-2 OR 3
Carbohydrates and peptides
CHE-PhD-2 OR 4
Advanced organic chemistry
CHE-PhD-2 OR 5
Organic spectroscopy
CHE-PhD-2 OR 6
Advanced organic synthesis
CHE-PhD-2 OR 7\
Drug and heterocyclic chemistry
CHE-PhD-2 OR 8
Bio organic chemistry
CHE-PhD-2 OR 9
Chemistry of natural products
CHE-PhD-2 OR 10
Conceptiual organic chemistry
CHE-PhD-2 OR 11
Organic industrial analysis
2

Group-III Physical Chemistry
Subject Code
Subject
CHE-PhD-3 PH 1
Principles of physical chemistry
CHE-PhD-3 PH 2
CHE-PhD-3 PH 3
Applied physical chemistry and chemical

dynamics
Advanced physical chemistry
CHE-PhD-3 PH 4
Solid state chemistry
CHE-PhD-3 PH 5
Equilibrium and statistical thermodynamics
CHE-PhD-3 PH 6
Chemical kinetics
CHE-PhD-3 PH 7
Surface, interfaces, dispersed systems and

macromolecules
CHE-PhD-3 PH 8
Principles of quantum mechanics
CHE-PhD-3 PH 9
Photochemistry
CHE-PhD-3 PH 10
Nuclear and radio chemistry
CHE-PhD-3 PH 11
Electrochemistry
CHE-PhD-3 PH 12
Molecular and statistical reaction dynamics

and scattering
CHE-PhD-3 PH 13
Surface chemistry
CHE-PhD-3 PH 14
Corrosion science and energy engineering
3

Group-IV Analytical Chemistry & Allied Subjects
Subject Code
Subject
CHE-PhD-4 AN 1
Fundamentals of chemical analysis
CHE-PhD-4 AN 2
Separation techniques
CHE-PhD-4 AN 3
Advanced analytical chemistry.
CHE-PhD-4 AN 4
Applied analytical chemistry
CHE-PhD-4 AN 5
Spectroscopy
CHE-PhD-4 AN 6
Chemistry in industry
CHE-PhD-4 AN 7
Environmental chemistry
CHE-PhD-4 AN 8
Advanced optical spectroscopy
CHE-PhD-4 AN 9
Chemistry of the earths atmosphere
CHE-PhD-4 AN 10
Medicinal chemistry
CHE-PhD-4 AN 11
Food chemistry
CHE-PhD-4 AN 12
Polymer chemistry
CHE-PhD-4 AN 13
Chemical analysis in agro, food

andPharmaceutical industries
CHE-PhD-4 AN 14
Advanced nano technology
4
CHE-PhD-1 IN 1
BASICS OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Wave mechanics: Origin of quantum theory, black body radiation, atomic spectra, photo electric
effect, matter waves, wave nature of the electron, the wave equation, the theory of hydrogen atom,
particle in one dimensional box, transformation of coordinates, Separation of variables and their
significance.
Unit-II
Stereochemistry and Bonding in main group compounds :VSEPR theory &drawbacks, P P, Pd_
and dd bonds, Bent rule, Hybridization involving f-orbital energies of hybridization, some simple
reactions of covalently bonded molecules.
Unit-III
a) Chemistry of transition elements:
General characteristic properties of transition elements, co-ordination chemistryof transition metal
ions, stereochemistry of coordination compounds, ligand fieldtheory, splitting of d orbitals in low
symmetry environments, Jahn- Teller effect,Interpretation of electronic spectra including charge
transfer spectra,spectrochemical series, nephelauxetic series, metal clusters, sandwich
compounds,metal carbonyls
b) Bioinorganic Chemistry :
Role of metal ions in biological processes, structure and properties ofmetalloproteins in electron
transport processes, cytochromes, ferrodoxins and iornsulphur proteins, ion transport across
membranes, Biological nitrogen fixation, PSI,PS II, Oxygen uptake proteins.
Unit-IV
Electronic, Electric and Optical behaviour of Inorganic materials:
Metals, Insulators and Semiconductors, Electronic structure of solid, band theory,band structure of
metals, insulators and semiconductors, Intrinsic and extrinsicsemiconductors, doping of
semiconductors and conduction mechanism, the bandgap, temperature dependence of conductivity,
carrier density and carrier mobilityin semiconductors, synthesis and purification of semiconducting
materials, singlecrystal growth, zone refining, fractional crystallization, semiconductor
devices,rectifier transistors, optical devices, photoconductors, photovoltaic cells, solarbatteries.
Reference:
1) A. F. Wells, Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition (1984)
2) J H Huheey, Inorganic Chemisry - Principles, structure and reactivity, Harper
and Row Publisher, Inc. New York (1972)
3) J. D. Lee, Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Elbs with Chapman and Hall, London
4) A. R. West, Plenum, Solid State Chemistry and its applications
5) N. B. Hanney, Solid State Physics
6) H. V. Keer, Principles of Solid State
7) S. O. Pillai, Solid State Physics
8) W. D. Callister, Wiley, Material Science and Engineering: An Introduction
9) R. Raghwan, First Course in Material Science
10) R. W. Cahan, The coming of Material Science
11) A. R. West, Basic Solid State Chemistry, 2nd edition
12) U. Schubest and N. Husing, Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, Wiley VCH(2000)
5
13) M. C. Day and J. Selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Reinhold, EWAP

14) A. H. Hanney, Solid State Chemistry, A. H. Publications
15) O. A. Phiops, Metals and Metabolism
16) Cullen Dolphin and James, Biological aspects of Inorganic Chemistry
17) Williams, An Introduction to Bioinorganic Chemistry
18) M. N. Hughes, Inorganic Chemistry of Biological Processes
19) Ochi, Bioinorganic Chemistry
20) John Wulff, The structure an properties of materials
21) L. V. Azoroff, J. J. Brophy, Electronic processes in materials, Mc Craw Hill
22) F. A. Cotton, R. G. Wilkinson. Advanced Inorganic chemistry
23) Willam L. Jooly, Modern Inorganic Chemistry
24) ManasChanda, Atomic Structure and Chemical bonding
25) N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of elements,.Pergamon
26) Chakraburty, Soild State Chemistry, New Age International
27) S. J. Lippard, J.M . Berg, Principles of bioinorganic Chemistry, University
Scienc e Books
28) G. L. Eichhron, Inorganic Biochemistry, Vol I and II, Elesevier
29) Progress Inorganic chemistry ,Vol 18 and 38, J. J. Loppard, Wiley.
6
CHE-PhD-1 IN 2
FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Unit-I
Analytical Inorganic chemistry-meaning and analytical prospective, scope and function: Analytical
problems and their solutions, trends in analytical methods and procedures.
Language of analytical chemistry analysis, determination and measurement. Techniques,
methods, procedures and protocols. Classifying analytical techniques. Selecting an analytical
method-accuracy, precision, sensitivity, selectivity, robustness and ruggedness. Scale ofoperation,
equipment, time and cost. Making the final choice.
Unit-II
Errors and treatment of analytical data: Limitations of analytical methods-Error-determinate
and indeterminate errors, minimization of errors. Accuracy and precision. Distribution of random
errors, the normal error curve. Statistical treatment of finite samples-measures of centraltendency
and variability-mean, median, range, standard deviation and variance.Students t-test.Confidence
interval of mean.Testing for significance-comparison of two means and twostandard
deviations.Comparison of an experimental mean and a true mean.Criteria for therejection of an
observation-Q-test.Propagation of errors-determinate errors and indeterminate errors.
Unit-III
Standardization and calibration: Comparison with standards-direct comparison and titrations.
External standard calibration-the least squares method, regression equation, regression coefficient.
Internal standard methods and standard-addition methods. Figures of merit of analytical methodssensitivity and detection limit, linear dynamic range.
Obtaining and preparing samples for analysis: Importance of sampling, designing a sample
plan-random, judgement, systematic-judgement, stratified and convenience sampling. Type of
sample to collect-grab and composite samples. Insitu sampling. Size of sample and number of
samples. Implementing the sampling plan-solutions, gases and solids. Bringing solid samples
into solution-digestion and decomposing.
Unit-IV
Titrimetric analysis: An overview of titrimetry. Principles of titrimetric analysis. Titrationcurves.
Titrations based on acid-base reactions-titration curves for strong acid - strong base,weak acid
strong base and weak base strong acid titrations. Selecting and evaluating the end
point. Finding the end point with visual indicators, end point by monitoring pH and temperature.
Quantitative applications selecting and standardizing a titrant, inorganic analysis-alkalinity,acidity
and free CO2 in water and waste waters, nitrogen, sulphur, ammonium salts, nitrates and
nitrites, carbonates and bicarbonates. Organic analysis-functional groups like carboxylic
acid,sulphonic
acid,
amine,
ester,
hydroxyl
and
carbonyl.
Air
pollutants
like
SO2.Quantitativecalculations.Characterization applications-equivalent weights and equilibrium
constants.
Acid-base titrations in non-aqueous media: Role of solvent in acid-base titrations,
solventsystems, differentiating ability of a solvent, some selected solvents, titrants and
7
standards,titration curves, effect of water, determining the

applicationsdetermination of carboxylic acids, phenols and amines.
equivalence
point,
typical
REFERENCES
1. Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, Holler and Crouch 8th
edition, 2005, Saunders College Publishing, New York.
2. Analytical Chemistry, G.D. Christian, 5th ed., 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc, India.
3. Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day and A.L. Underwood, 6th edition,1993 prentice Hall,
Inc. New Delhi.
4. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D.
Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas, 6th edition, Third Indian Reprint.2003 Pearson Education
Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Analytical Chemistry Principles, John H. Kennedy, 2nd edition, Saunders College
Publishing, California, 1990.
6. Principles and Practicals of Analytical Chemistry, F. W. Fifield and Kealey,
3rd edition, 2000, Blackwell Sci., Ltd. Malden, USA.
7. Modern Analytical Chemistry, David Harvey, McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2000.
8
CHE-PhD-1 IN 3
INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit I
Nitrogen and nitrogen compounds: Industrial production and uses of ammonia and hydrazine.
Nitrides of sulphur: (SN)2 and (SN)4 Preparation, properties, structure and applications.
Phosphonitrilepolymers and phosphazenes.
Unit-II
Mineral fertilizers: Phosphorous containing fertilizers - Economic importance, importance of
superphosphate, ammonium phosphates and their synthesis.
Nitrogen containing fertilizers - Importance and synthesis of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate
andurea.
Potassium containing fertilizers - Economic importance and manufacture of potassium sulfate.
Silicon and its inorganic compounds: General information and manufacture of ferrosilicon,
electronicgrade silicon and metallurgical grade silicon. Applications.
Silicones: General methods of preparation (silicone oils and rubbers) and properties of silicones.
Applications.
Unit III
Zeolites: Introduction, types of zeolites, manufacture of synthetic zeolites and applications.
Inorganic fibers: Introduction, properties, classification, asbestos fibers, optical fibers, carbon
fibers,Applications.
Ceramics: General information, classification of ceramic products, composition and raw
materials,Applications of clay ceramic products.
Unit-III
Inorganic pigments: General information and economic importance,White pigments titanium
dioxide pigments, zinc oxide pigments.Colored pigments Iron oxide, chromium oxide, mixed-metal
oxide pigments and ceramic colorants.Corrosion protection pigments, luster pigments, luminescent
pigments, magnetic pigments.
REFERENCES:
1. Chemistry of the Elements N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon Press (1985).
2. Industrial Inorganic Chemistry 2nd edn. K.H. Buchel, H.H. Moretto and P. Woditsh, WileyVCH (2000).
3. Inorganic polymers G.R. Chatwal, HPH (1996).
9
CHE-PhD-1 IN 4
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Preparation of coordination compounds: Introduction, Preparative methods- simple addition
reactions, substitution reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, thermal dissociation reactions,
reactions of coordinated ligands, the trans effect, other methods. Geometries of metal complexes of
higher coordination numbers (2-12).
Stability of coordination compounds: Introduction, Stepwise and overall stability constants of
coordination compounds, factors influencing the stability of metal complexes with reference to
thenature of metal ion and ligand, the Irving-William series, chelate effect. Theoretical aspects of
thedetermination of stability constants of the coordination compounds by spectrophotometric, pH
metric,and polarographic methods.
Crystal Field Theory: Salient features of CFT, d-orbital splitting in octahedral, tetrahedral,
squareplanar and tetragonal complexes, measurement of 10Dq. Spectrochemical series, short
comings of CFT.
Unit-II
Experimental evidences for covalence and adjusted CFT. MOT applied to octahedral, tetrahedral
andsquare planar complexes without and with pi-bonding. M.O.energy diagrams for octahedral
complexes with sigma ligands having pi- systems. Jahn Teller effect.
Electronic absorption spectra of transition metal complexes: Introduction, selection
rules,electronicdipole transitions, magnetic-dipole transitions, term symbols for dn ions, effects of
spin orbit coupling, energy level diagrams, Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams, chargetransfertransitions.
Magnetic properties of transition metal complexes: Introduction, magnetic susceptibility and
itsmeasurements, spin cross over systems, ferromagnetism and antiferro magnetism.
Unit-III
Reaction kinetics of coordination compounds: Introduction, electron transfer reactions: Outerspherereactions, the Marcus theory, ligand-bridged inner sphere reactions doubly-bridged innerspheretransfer, one electron and two electrons transfers, non-complementary reactions. Ligand
exchange via electron exchange. Mechanisms of ligand substitution reactions-general
considerations, substitutionreactions of square planar and octahedral complexes. Base-catalyzed
hydrolysis of cobalt(III) ammine complexes.
Unit-IV
Metal-metal bonding: Evidences and factors favouring of M-M bonding, bi, tri, tetra, penta and
hexa nuclear metal clusters.
Thermodynamic and related aspects of ligand fields: Hydration, ligation and lattice energies.
REFERENCES:
1. Advanced inorganic chemistry, (5th edition) F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson: JohnWiley and sons
1988.
2. Inorganic chemistry (3rd edition) J.E. Huheey: Harper and Row, N.Y. 1983.
3. Modern aspects of Inorganic chemistry (4th edition) H.J., Emeleus and A.G.Sharpe: UBS
1989.23
4. Coordination chemistry S.F.A. Kettle, (1969) Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.,London.
5. Physical Inorganic Chemistry- A Coordination Chemistry Approach S.F.A.Kettle, Spektrum,
Oxford, 1996.
10
CHE-PhD-1 IN 5
ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Organometallic Chemistry: Introduction, 16 and 18 electrons rule, classification of
organometalliccompounds by bond type, nomenclature.
Chemistry of organometallic compounds: Synthesis and reactions of organomagnesium
(Grignardreagent), organomanganese, organoaluminium, organotin, organozinc, organolithium (nBuLI, PhLi)reagents.
Unit-II
Metal Carbonyl Complexes: Preparation, structure, chemical bonding in metal carbonyls,
physicalevidence related to M-CO bonding. Preparation of anionic metal carbonyl complexes and
substitutedmetal carbonyl complexes.
Cyclopentadienyl Metal Complexes: Preparation and structures of cyclopentadienyl metal
complexes. M.O diagram for ferrocene.Reactions and aromaticity of ferrocene.
Unit III
Metal-arene Complexes: Methods of preparation of arene complexes, reactions of metal-arene
complexes, structure and bonding in arene-metal complexes.
Heterocyclic sandwich compounds: Preparation and properties.
Olefin-transition metal complexes: Methods of preparation, structure and bonding in metal
olefincomplexes.
Conjugated diolefins and related metal complexes: Preparation, structure and bonding.
Acetylene and acetylene derived metal complexes: Preparation, structure and bonding in
acetylenecomplexes. Reactions of coordinated acetylene.
Pi-allylic metal complexes: Preparation of complexes containing allylic ligands, structure and
bonding.
Unit-IV
Homogeneous Catalysis: Introduction, properties of catalysis, types of reactions in
homogeneouscatalysis, hydrogenation of olefins, isomerization of olefins, oxo-process, Wacker
process, Monsantoacetic acid process. Monsanto L-Dopa synthesis, water gas shift reaction,
carbonylation, templatesynthesis, alkene hydrosilation.
Herterogeneous Catalysis: Introduction, Fischer-Tropsch reaction, Ziegler-Natta catalysis.
Biological applications and environmental aspects of organometallic compounds:
Introduction,organometallics in medicine, agriculture, horticulture and environmental aspects.
Reference:
1. Inorganic Chemistry - F.A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson (2nd edn).
2. Inorganic Chemistry Principles and Structure J. Huheey.
3. Organometallic Chemistry R.C. Mehrothra and A. Singh.
4. Fundamental Transition metal Organometallic Chemistry Charles M. Lukehart.
5. Inorganic chemistry- Purcell and Kotz.
6. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Willey Interscience, 1994.
7. Comrehensive Organic Synthesis, Trost series, Pergamon Press, New York, Vol. 1, 1991.
8. R. Norman and J. M. Coxon, Principles of organic synthesis, 2nd edition, Replika Press Pvt.
Ltd., India, 2005
11
CHE-PhD-1 IN 6
BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Biochemistry of Sodium, Potassium and Chlorine: Sources, absorption, distribution and functions.The
transport mechanism, Na+, K+ transporting ATPase (The Na+/K+ pump).Macrocyclic crown ethercompounds,
cryptands, spherands and ionophores.
Biochemistry of Calcium: Binding, transport and accumulation of Ca2+, calcium and muscle
contraction, calcium in blood cloting mechanisms.
Unit-II
Biochemistry of Cobalt: Vitamin B12 and B12 coenzymes, Coenzyme A, Coenzyme, NAD, FMN andFAD.
Bioenergetics: Energy in biology, energy transfer, the energy of ATP, Kinetic stability of ATP,
standard free energy change entropy. High energy compounds, mitochondrial flow of electrons fromNADH to O2.
Bioinorganic Chemistry of Phosphorus: Phosphates and bioenergetics, oxidative phosphorylationsubstratate
level phosphorylation, respiratory chair phosphorylation, mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.
Transport and Storage of Iron: Ferretin, transferrin, phosvitin and gastroferrin.
Iron Transport in Microbes: Siderophores, in vivo microbial transport of iron.Bioinorganic chemistry and
protection of the environment .
Unit III
Role of metal ions on the catalytic mechanism of enzyme: Ligand bridge complex, metal bridge complex and
enzyme bridge complex.
Dioxygen metal complexes in biological system: Reactions of molecular oxygen, activation of
dioxygen molecule in transition metal dioxygen complexes.
Oxygen Carrying Proteins: Introduction to porphyrin system, substituent effects on porphyrin rings, hemoglobin
and myoglobin, model compounds for oxygen carriers (cobalt, iridium, iron and nickel). Hemerythrin and
hemocyanin.
Electron Transport Proteins: Iron-sulphur proteins (rubredoxins and ferredoxins) and cytochromes including
cytochrome P450.
Iron and Copper Containing redox enzymes: Catalase and peroxidase. Superoxide dismutase.
Zinc containing enzymes: Alcohol dehydrogenase, carboxypeptidase A.
Molybdenum containing enzymes: Aspects of molybdenum chemistry, xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase,
sulphite oxidase, nitrogenase and nitrate reductase.
Unit IV
Therapeutic uses of metals and some ligands.
Metal complexes as drugs and therapeutic agents: Introduction, antibacterial agents, antiviral
agents, antiarthritis agents and anticancer agents.
Treatment of toxicity due to inorganics: Mechanism of (i) Antidote complexes with poison,
rendering it inert (Heavy metals, iron, copper and thallium).
(ii) Antidote accelerated metabolic conversion of poison to non-toxic product (cyanide).
(iii) Antidote cometes with poison for essential receptors (carbon monoxide, morphine and morphine like narcotics)
Reference:
1. Biochemistry A.L. Lehninger
2. Biochemistry L. Stryer
3. Bioinorganic Chemistry - R.W. Hay
4. The Inorganic Chemistry of Biological Processes 2nd edition, M.N. Hughes
5. Bioinorganic Chemistry M. Satake and Y. Mido.
6. Bioinorganic Chemistry G.R. Chatwal and AjaykumarBhagi.
7. Biological aspects of Inorganic Chemistry A.W. Addison, W.R. Cullen, D. Dolphin and B.R.
James.
8. Principles of drug action: The basis of pharmacology, 2nd edition A. Goldstein, L. Aronow
and S. M. Kalman.
9. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry-II Gurdeep Raj.
10. Bioinorganic Chemistry.
12
CHE-PhD-1 IN 7
BASIC AND ADVANCED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit-1
Quantum Mechanics and its applications:
MO-VB Theory: Born-Oppenheimerapproximation, Hydrogen Molecule ion. LCAO-Mo and VB
treatments ofhydrogen molecule. Electron Density, forces and their role in chemical
bonding.Hybridization and valence MOs of H2O, NH3 and CH4 .Huckel pi-electro theory and its
applications to Ethylene, Butadiene and Benzene. Idea of Self-consistentfield method.
Unit-II
Magneto chemistry:
Definition of Magnetic Properties, Types of magneticbodies,Diamagnetism and Pascals Constant,
Russell-Saunders or LS Coupling,Multiple width Large compared to kT, Multiple width small
compared to kT,Stereo chemical applications of Magnetic Properties of the First Transition
Series,Lanthanides and actinides, Determination of magnetic susceptibility by Gouys
Method, Derivation of Van Vleck formula for Susceptibility.
Unit III
Mssbauer spectroscopy:
Introduction of Mssbauer effect, Isomer-Shift, Magnetic hyperfine interactions.Quadrupole
moment.Electric fieldgradient.Quadrupole splitting.Applications in structure determination.
Unit-IV
Uses of Inorganic reagents in inorganic analysis :
General discussion and usesof some inorganic reagents: Potassium bromate (KBrO3), potassium
iodate(KIO3), ammonium vanadate (NH4VO3), ceric suphate [Ce(SO4)2], ethylenediamine tetra
acetic acid (EDTA)
Uses of Organic reagents in inorganic analysis:
Cupferron, DMG, dithiozone,aluminon, oxine, dithiooxamide, -benzoinoxime, -nitro--naphthol, nitroso--naphthol, diphenylcarbazone, diphenylcarbazide, anthranilic acid, tannin,
pyragallol, benzidine, salicylaldoxime, o-phenanthroline.
Reference Books:
1. Physical Method in Chemistry, R.S.Drago, Saunders College Publishing.
2. Quantum Chemistry, R.K.Prasad, New Age.
3. Introductory Quantum Chemistry, A.K. Chandra, Tata MacGraw -Hill.
4. Quantum Mechanics, Chatwal&Anand, Himalya Publishing House.
5. Introduction ToMagnetochemistry, Alan Earnshaw, Academic Press.
6. Elements of Magnetochemistry, Dutta&Syamal, S. Chand & Company.
7. Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry Vol .I &II, A.Singh&R.Singh, Campus International Publication
8. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Cotton Wilkinson, W S E Wiley
9. Vogels Text book of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, ELBS
13
CHE-PhD-1 IN 8
SELECTED TOPICS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit:I
Catalysis:
a) Basic principles, thermodynamics and kinetic aspects, industrial requirements, classification, theories
of catalysis, homogeneous & heterogeneous catalysis, reaction catalyzed by transition metal complexes
and Organometallic compounds, Mechanism of reaction viz. Hydrolysis, polymerization, esterification,
hydrogenation, ammonia synthesis, sulpur dioxide Oxidation. b) Zeolites, synthesis of different zeolites,
characterization, determination of surface acidity, shape, selectivity and application.
Unit-II
Inorganic Polymers:
Classification, types of Inorganic polymers, Chemistry of following polymers a) Silicones b)
phosphonitric halides c) condensed phosphates d) coordinated polymers e)silicates
f)
Isopoly & heteropoly acids
Unit-III
Non conventional sources of energy:
a) Alternate source of energy
Solar sources: Photochemical methods, thermodynamic efficiency of energy conversion, energy from
solar radiations, transition metal complexes for energy production, solar hydrogen system,
photochemical processes at semiconductors electrodes, photo galvanic & Photovoltaic cells based on
Inorganic photochemical systems.
b) Geothermal energy
c) Energy from biogas sources
d) Tidal wind sources
e) Energy from fission and fusion reaction.
Unit-IV
Fertilizers:
Classification of fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, NPK fertilizers, H3PO3 production
without using H2SO4, position of fertilizer Industries in India.
Reference:
1. Heterogeneous catalysis 2nd edn., Bond C. Chapman all (1987)
2. The application & Chemistry of catalysis by suitable transition metal complexes
Parashall. W. Weily N. 1980.
3. Homogeneous transition metal catalysis, A general art, Masters C. Chapmann and
Hall, London 1981.
4. Introduction to the principles of heterogeneous catalysis, Thomas J.M., Thomas W.J.
Academic press N.Y. 1967
5. Inorganic polymers: Mark J.F., Allock H.R. West, Prentice hall
6. Inorganic polymers: Ring N.H., Academic Press N.Y. 1978
7. The Inorganic heterocyclic chemistry of sulphur, nitrogen, phosphorous, Heal A.G.
Aca, Press N.Y. 1980.
8. Solar energy Principles of thermal collections and storage, Sukhatme S.P., Tata
Macgrow Hill New Delhi 1984.
9. Fuel Cells, Bockeris JOM, Sriniwasan S. and Mac grow Hills 1969
10. Solar Energy Rai C.D.
11. Energy Resources, Simon A.L. 1975
12. Direct Energy Conversion, Addison Wesley, 1970, All M and Kottani.
14
CHE-PhD-1 IN 9
CHEMISTRY OF INORGANIC MATERIALS
Unit-I
Lattice Defects :
Introduction to types of Solids, Perfect & imperfect crystals, point defects, Line defectand plane
defect defect (definition & explanation of meaning) order & disorderphenomena, thermodynamics of
Schottky&frenkel defect formation, Determination ofdefect, Nonstiochiometric defect (structural and
thermodynamic aspects) incorporation of stiochometric excess of defects, thermodynamics of
Nonstiochiometric phases. Synthesis of Inorganic materials Synthesis of solid state materials using
different techniques ceramic techniques, co precipitation techniques, sol gel techniques, precursor
techniques, high temperature & high pressure synthesis.
Unit-II
Ionic Conductors:
Types of ionic conductors, mechanism of ionic conduction, interstitial jumps, vacancymechanism,
diffusion, super ionic conductors, phase transition & mechanism ofconduction in super ionic
conductors, examples and applications of ionic conductors.B] Electronic properties of materials
a) Organic semiconductors, examples, properties and application
b) Superconductivity, superconductivity in metals, alloys and ceramics materials (mixed oxides)
BCS theory, Meissner effect, type I & II superconductors, application
Fullerenes as superconductors.
c) Dielectric polarization: piezoelectricity and Ferro electricity.
d) Lasers and Masers actions, laser production and application.
Unit-III
Magnetic properties of Materials:
Introduction, Magnetization, Electron spin and magnetic moment, Theory ofdiamagnetism,
langevins theory & paramagnetic susceptibility of solids, ferromagnetism,Domain theory. Hysteresis
in magnetism, ferrimagnetisms (ferries) Applications ofmagnetic materials.
Magnetic Materials:
I] Structure and Properties of i) Metal and Alloys ii) Transition metal Oxides iii) Spinels iv) Ilmenites
v) Perovskite and vi) Magneto-plumbites. II] Hard and Soft magneticmaterials, hysteresis loop and
their application in transformer cores, magnetic bubblememory devices for information storage and
permanent magnets III] Spin glasses:Formation and characteristics.
Unit-IV
Advanced Inorganic Materials:
Nanotechnology and its business applications, Introduction to nanoscale, Potential applications of
nanomaterials, Challenges and opportunities scope of nanotechnology, Commercialization scope
Nanotechnology research in 21st century, Basic nanotechnology science and chemistry concepts,
basic nanostructures , nanocomposites, Thin films, nanofoam, nanoclusters, smart nanostructures,
manufacturing techniques of nanomaterials.
Glass, ceramics, Refractory materials:
Glassy states, Glass formers and glass modifiers, applications, ceramic structures, mechanical
properties, clay products, refractory characterization, properties.
Reference:
1. Solid State Chemistry: A.H. Hanny
15
2. C.N.R. Rao, Solid State Chemistry : Dekker

3. Wilcox : Preparation and Properties of Solid State Materials: Vol I & II, Dekker
4. Hagenmuller, Preparative Methods in Solis State Chemistry
5. LohnWulff, The Structure and Properties of Materials Vol. IV, Electronic Properties (Wily Eastern)
6. N.N. Greenwood: Ionic Crystals, Lattice Defects and Nonstiochiometry (Butterworth's)
7. L.V. Azoroof and J.J. Brophy: Electronic Processes in Materials, MacGraw Hills.
8. T.J. Rey et al : The Defect Solid State ( Interscience)
9. E.A. Kroger, Chemistry of Imprefect Crystals (Holland)
10. A.R. West, Solid State Chemistry
11. H.V.K Keer, Principles of the Solid State Chemistry, Wiley Eastern.
12. S.O. Pillai Academic press: Solid state physics.
16
CHE-PhD-1 IN 10
INORGANIC CLUSTERS AND SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Introduction to molecular clusters:Main-group clusters: Geometric and electronic structure, three-, four- and higher
connect clusters, the closo-, nido-, arachno-borane structural paradigm, Wade-Mingos and Jemmis electron
counting rules, clusters with nuclearity 4-12 and beyond 12. Structure, synthesis and reactivity. Transition-metal
clusters: Low nuclearity metal-carbonyl clusters and 14n+2 rule, high nuclearity metal-carbonyl clusters with
internal atoms. Structure, synthesis and reactivity.Capping rules, isolobal relationships between main-group and
transition metal fragments, metal-ligand complexes vsheteronuclear cluster.
Unit-II
Main-group-Transition-metal clusters: Isolobal analogs of p-block and d-block clusters, limitations and
exceptions.Clusters having interstitial main group elements, cubane clusters and naked or Zintl clusters. Molecular
clusters in catalysis, clusters to materials, boron-carbides and metal-borides.Illustrative examples from recent
literature.
Unit-III
SupramolecularChemistry : Definition of supramolecular chemistry. Nature of binding interactions in
supramolecular structures: ion-ion, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, H-bonding, cation-p, anion-p, p-p, and van der Waals
interactions.Synthesis and structure of crown ethers, lariat ethers, podands, cryptands, spherands, calixarenes,
cyclodextrins, cyclophanes, cryptophanes, carcerands and hemicarcerands., Host-Guest interactions, preorganization and complimentarity, lock and key analogy. Binding of cationic, anionic, ion pair and neutral guest
molecules.
Unit-IV
Crystal engineering: role of H-bonding and other weak interactions.Self-assembly molecules: design, synthesis
and properties of the molecules, self assembling by H-bonding, metal-ligand interactions and other weak
interactions, metallomacrocycles, catenanes, rotaxanes, helicates and knots.Molecular devices: molecular
electronic devices, molecular wires, molecular rectifiers, molecular switches, molecular logic.Relevance of
supramolecular chemistry to mimic biological systems: cyclodextrins as enzyme mimics, ion channel mimics,
supramolecular catalysis etc.
Reference:
1. 1. D. M. P. Mingos and D. J. Wales; Introduction to Cluster Chemistry, Prentice Hall, 1990.
2. N. N. Greenwood and E. A. Earnshaw; Chemistry of elements, Second Edition, Butterworth- Heinemann,
1997.
3. T. P. Fehlner, J. F. Halet and J-Y. Saillard; Molecular Clusters: A Bridge to solid-state Chemistry,
Cambridge University press, 2007.
4. B. D. Gupta and A. J. Elias; Basic Organometallic Chemistry: Concepts, Synthesis, and Applications,
Universities Press (India), 2010.
5. D. M. P. Mingos, Essential Trends in Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford, University Press, 1998.
6. C. E. Housecroft, Metal-Metal Bonded Carbonyl Dimers and Clusters, Oxford Chemistry Primers (44),
Oxford, University Press, 1996.
7. J.-M. Lehn; Supramolecular Chemistry-Concepts and Perspectives (Wiley-VCH, 1995)
8. P. D. Beer, P. A. Gale, D. K. Smith; Supramolecular Chemistry (Oxford University Press, 1999)
9. J. W. Steed and J. L. Atwood; Supramolecular Chemistry (Wiley, 2000)
17
CHE-PhD-1 IN 11
PHYSICAL METHODS IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR)
Principal of NMR spectroscopy.Chemicalshift,mechanism of electron shilding andfactors affecting
the magnitude of chemical shift.Volume diamagnetic susceptibility,Chemical shifts for which the
local diamagnetic term does not predominate,spin-spinspilitting, spin-spin coupling mechanism for
transmitting nuclear spins,applications ofspin-spin coupling to structure determination,applications
involving magnitude ofcoupling constants,complexspectra,chemical exchange and the factors
affecting linewidth,effect of chemical exchange on spectra and the evaluation of reaction rates
forfast ractions,study od exchange reactions between ligands and metal ions.the doubleresonance
technique,NMR of paramagnetic complexes contact shift.applcations ofNMR to Inorganic
problems.
.Nuclear Quadruple Resonance Spectroscopy(NQR)
Introduction,effect of magnetic field on the spectra,relationship between the electricfield gradient
q.and molecular structure,applications involving the interpretation ofeQqdata,the effects of crystal
lattice on the magnitude of eQq,Structural informationfrom NQR spectra.
Unit-II
Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR/ESR)
Introduction,Presentation of the spectrum,hyperfine splitting in some simple systems,hyperfine
splitting in various structures,factors affecting the magnitude of the gvalues,intractions affecting the
energies of unpaired electrons in transition metalcomplexes ,zero-field splitting and Kramers
degeneracy,anisotropy in hyperfinecoupling constant,the nuclear quadruple intraction,the spin
Hamiltonian,line widths insolid state ESR,electrondelocalization,at least five different applications.
Mossbaur Spectroscopy
Principle,Doppler broadening,resonance line shift from change in electronenvironment,quadruple
and magnetic interactions, applications.
Unit-III
5.Mass Spectrometry
Principle,presentation of spectra,processoccuring due to combination of a moleculeand a high
energy electron,applications-fingerprint application and the interpretationof mass spectra,effect of
isotops on the appearance of a mass spectrum,molecularweight determinations exact masses of
nuclides, molecular ions, isotope ions,fragment ions of odd and even electron types, rearrangement
ions.Factors affectingcleavage, cleavage patterns,simple cleavage, cleavages at a heteroatom,
multicentrefragmentation rearrangements, Diels Alder fragmentation..
Unit-IV
Thermal Methods:
A.Thermogravimetry(TGA):Defination,types of TGA, Instrumentation,information from TGA curve,
factors affecting TGA curves (instrumental as well ascharacteristics of sample factors);applications
TGA,calculation of percentdecomposition and percent composition of compounds,limitations and
adventages ofTGA.
DervativeThermogravimetry(DTG) and its advantages.
18
Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA): Definition, therotical basis of DTA,instrumentation of DTA

apparatus, factors affecting DTA curves, applications ofDTA, adventages and disadventages of
DTA,applications of DTADifferentialSanningCalorimetry(DSC): Defination,comparison of DTA
andDSC technique,instrumentation of DSC,factors affecting DSC curves,applications of DSC.
Reference:
1. Physical methods in Inorganic Chemistry, R.S.Drago, RenholdPuublishing
CorporationR.S.Drago
2. Instrumental Methods of Analysis,6thedition,Willard,Merit,Dean.
3. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis,5thedition,GoldenW.Ewing
4. Principals of Instrumental Analysis,3rdedition,DouglasA.Skoog
5. Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis,Anand,hatwal
6. Quantative Inorganic Analysis,A.I.Vogel
19
CHE-PhD-1 IN 12
GROUP THEORY AND APPLIED INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Group Theory :
Products of symmetry operations, Group multiplication table : C2V, C2h, C3V,C4V, D2h point
groups. Matrics notations for geometric transformations,properties of a group, law of reciprocal
proportion, classes for C2V, C2h, C3V,C4V and D2h point groups
Reducible and irreducible representations, The Great orthogonalitytheorm andits rules, construction
of character table; Mulikans symbolism for irreduciblerepresentations, Molecular term symbols,
character tables for C2V, C2h, C3V,C4V, D2h,D3h and D2d point groups.
Unit-II
Representation of Gropus:
Reduction of reducible representation into its irreducible representation on thebasis of character
table, Sigma bond scheme : Hybrid orbitals with 6 bondingfor tetrahydral (Td), D3h,D4h,C4V point
groups. Hybrid orbitals with Pi ( )boinding for D3h,D4h point groups, constructing symmetry
adapted for linearcombination (SALC) for C2V and C3V point groups. Molecular orbital approachto
analyse bonding in H2O, NH3 and BF3 molecules, transformation propertiesof atomic orbitals.
Unit-III
Basic & applied Chemistry :
The chloroalkaliindustry :
Introduction, LeBlanc process, Weldon and decon processes, electrolyticprocess, diaphragm cell,
Mecury cathode cell, solvay (ammonia soda) processNoble gases :Introduction, electronic structure,
clatherate compounds, structure and bondingin XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 compounds
Unit-III
Nano Particles :General Introduction and objectives study, synthesis of nano material byphysical,
Chemical and Biological methods, Chemical Methods : Coprecipitation method Theory and
Thermodynamic ofco-precipitation, Synthesis of metal from aqueous solution, Precipitation ofmetal
by reduction from non aqueous solution, precipitation of metal byelectrochemical method,
precipitation of metal by radiation assisted reductionmethod, precipitation of metal by decomposition
of metalloorganic precursor
Unit-IV
Metal ligand equillibria in solution:
Stepwise and overall formation constants and their interaction, trends instepwise constants, Factors
affecting the stability of metal complexes withreference to nature of metal ion and ligand,chelate
effect and its thermodynamicorigin, determination of formation constants by PH- Metry,
spectrophotometricmethod
Reference :
1. Chemical applications of Group theory by F-Albert cotton second edition, wiley Eastern
limited New Delhi.
2. Group theory and its chemical applications by P.K. Bhattacharya Himalaya publishing House.
20
3. Concept and application of Group theory by KishorArroraAnmol publications Pvt.Ltd., New

Delhi
4. Nanotechnology : Principles and particles Sulabha K. Kulkarni (Capital Publication Co.)
5. Recent Advances in the liquid phase synthesis of Inorganic Nano particles B.L. Cushing, V.L.
Kolesnichenko and C.J.O connor chemical Review 104, 3893- 3946 (2004)
6. Nano The text revolution Mohan sundaraRajan (National book trust India)
7. Concise Inorganic Chemistry fifth edition, J.D.Lee
8. Inorganic Chemistry by A.G. Sharpe third edition.
9. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Fifth edition by F.A. Cotton and Wilkinson.
10. Inorganic Chemistry by J.E. Huhey
11. Electrons & Chemicals bonding by H.B. Gray.
21
CHE-PhD-2 OR 1
Organic Chemistry Stereochemistry and Reaction mechanism
Unit I
Stereoisomerism: Projection formulae [fly, wedge, Fischer, Newman and saw horse].
Optical isomerism: Conditions for optical isomerism, optical isomerism due to chiral centers and
molecular dissymmetry, allenes and biphenyls, criteria for optical purity. enantiomorphs,
diastereoisomers, racemic mixtures and their resolution, configurational notations of simple
molecules, DL and RS configurational notations.
Unit-II
Geometrical isomerism: Isomorphism due to C=C, C=N and N=N bonds, E,Z conventions,
determination of configuration by physical and chemical methods.
Conformational analysis: Elementary account of conformational equilibria of ethane, butane and
cyclohexane, Conformation of cyclic compounds such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane,
cyclohexanone derivatives and decalins. Conformational analysis of 1,2-; 1,3-; 1,4- disubstituted
cyclohexane derivatives, D-glucose. Effect of conformation on the course of rate of reactions.
Stereoselectivity: Stereoselective reactions, diastereoselective reactions, stereospecific reactions,
regioselective&regiospecific reactions.
Unit III
Structure and reactivity of organic compounds: Acids and Bases, functional group effects on
acidity and basicity, hydrogen bonding, resonance, inductive and hyperconjugation effects.
Meaning and importance of reaction mechanism, Classification of reactions
Determination of reaction mechanism by kinetic and non-kinetic methods: Kinetic methods:
Mechanistic implications from rate laws, the transition state theory, ambiguities in interpreting kinetic
data, solvent effect, ionic effect, isotopic effect, solvent isotopic effect, substituent effect, steric
effect, linear free energy relationshipsHammett equation and Taft treatment.
UNIT-IV
Non-kinetic methods: Energy profile diagram, identification of products, testing possible
intermediates, trapping of intermediates, cross over experiments, isotopic labeling, stereochemical
studies, limitations of reactions.
References :
22
1. I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, ELBS Longmann, Vol. I & II, 1984.

2. E. L. Elliel and S. H. Wilen, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, John Wiley and Sons,
New York. 1994.
3. Introduction to stereochemistry K. Mislow.
4. R. K. Bansal, Organic Reaction Mechanism, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1993.
5. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley Interscience, 1994.
6. E. S. Gould, Mechanism and Structure in Organic Chemistry, Halt, Rinhart& Winston, New
York, 964.
7. A Guide book to mechanism in Organic Chemistry Petersykes
8. Stereochemistry and mechanism through solved problems P. S. Kalsi.
9. F. A. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A & B, 3rd edition, Plenum
Press, New York, 1990.
10. D. Nasipuri, Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, 2nd edition, Wiley Eastern Limited,
New Delhi, 1991.
11. S. K. Ghosh, Advanced General Organic Chemistry, Book and Alleied (P) Ltd, 1998.
23
CHE-PhD-2 OR 2
Organic reactions and mechanism
Unit I
Substitution reactions Kinetics, mechanism and stereochemical factor affecting the rate of SN1,
SN2, SRNi, SNi, SN1, SN2, SN1i, reactions, Neighbouring group participation.
Electrophilic substitution reactions Kinetics, mechanism and stereo chemical factor affecting the
rate of SE1 & SE2
Unit-II
Aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions: Mechanism of nitration, halogenation, sulphonation,
Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, Mannich reaction, chloromethylation, VilsmeierHaack
reaction, Diazonium coupling, GattermannKoch reaction, Mercuration reaction.
Aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions: SN1, SN2 and benzyne mechanism, Bucherer reaction,
von Richter reaction.
Unit II
Addition reactions: Addition to C-C multiple bonds involving electrophiles, nucleophiles and free
radicals. Markownikoffs rule and antiMarkownikoffs rule, Hydroboration.
Typical additions to carbonyl compounds: Addition of hydride, water, alcohol, thioalcohol, bisulphite,
HCN, Grignard reagents and amino compounds to carbonyl compounds.
Aldol and related reactions: Keto-enoltautomerism, mechanism and synthetic applications of aldol
condensations, Claisen reaction, Schmidt reaction, Perkin reaction, Knoevenogel, benzoin, Stobbe
and Darzensglysidic ester condensation, Cannizaro reaction, Tishchenko reaction, Michael
addition, Robinsons annulation reactions.
Unit-IV
Mechanism of ester formation and their hydrolysis, formation and hydrolysis of amides,
decarboxylation mechanisms.
Elimination reactions: Mechanism and stereochemistry of eliminationsE1, E2, E1cb mechanism, ciselimination, Hofmann and Saytzeff eliminations, competition between elimination and substitution,
Chugaev reaction.
References:
1. I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, ELBS Longmann, Vol. I & II, 1984
2. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, Wiley Interscience, 1994.
24
3. E. S. Gould, Mechanism and Structure in Organic Chemistry, Halt, Rinhart& Winston, New
York, 1964.
4. F. A. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry Part A & B, 3rd edition, Plenum
Press, New York, 1990.
5. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis B. M. Trost and I. Fleming series, Pergamon Press,
New York, 1991.
6. A Guide book to mechanism in organic chemistry Petersykes.
7. S. K. Ghosh, Advanced General Organic Chemistry, Book and Alleied (P) Ltd, 1998
8. R. K. Bansal, Organic Reaction Mechanism, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1993
25
CHE-PhD-2 OR 3
Carbohydrates and peptides
Unit I
Monosaccharides: Introduction, general reactions, ring size determination of monosaccharides,
configuration and conformations of monosacharides, anomeric effect, Hudsons rules, epimerization
and mutarotation. Synthesis and biological importance of glycosides, amino sugars, anhydrosugars.
Unit-II
Dissaccharides: Structure, synthesis and biological aspects of sucrose, maltose and lactose.
Industrial applications of sucrose.
Polysaccharides: General methods of structure elucidation.
Unit III
Amino acids: General structure, essential amino acids physiological properties, isoelectric points,
buffers {phosphate and acetate buffers) and two methods of synthesis (Gabriel phthalimide
synthesis and Strecker synthesis).
Unit-IV
Peptides: Peptide bond, structure determination: Amino acid residue analysis, C and N-terminal
determination, selective cleavage of peptide bonds (two chemical and biochemical methods);
Peptide synthesis: - Protection of amino group (Boc, Cbz, Fmoc-), carboxyl group as alkyl and aryl
esters and activation of carboxylic groups, solution and solid phase techniques, use of DCC and
Merrifields resin, Racemization during peptide synthesis, synthesis of oxytocin, insulin, vasopressin
and gramicidin, brief account of MSH, ACTH and HOBT.
References:
1. I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, ELBS Longmann, Vol. I & II, 1984.
2. K. Albert, L. Lehninger, D. L. Nelson, M. M. Cox, Principles of Biochemistry, CBZ publishers,
1st edition, New Delhi, 1993.
3. Harpers Biochemistry, Ed. R.Harper, 22nd edition, Prentice Hall Press, New York, 1990.
4. Encyclopedia of Chemical technology Kirck-Othmer series
5. Harpers review of biochemistry P. W. Martin, P. A. Mayer & V. W. Rodfwell, 5th edition,
Maurzen Asian Edition, California, 1981.
26
CHE-PhD-2 OR 4
Advanced Organic Chemistry
Unit-I
Reaction Mechanism:AliphaticElectrophillic Substitutions : Bimolecular pathways. SE2, SE1 and SEi
mechanisms.Reactions involving double bond shifts. Aromatic ElectrophillicSubstitutions : Mechanisms of
aromatic, Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, isotope effects, energy profile diagrams. Kinetic and
thermodynamic control., Hammond's Postulate, o/p ratio. ipso substitution, VilsmeirHaack, Pechmann, Fries
rearrangement.
Unit-II
Aromatic NucleophilicSubstitutions :SNAr, SN1 and aryne pathways.
Vicariousnucleophilic displacement, Von-Richter and Smiles rearrangement.
Meisenheimer
complexes,
Advanced Stereochemistry:Prochirality: Homotopic, Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic atoms, groups and

faces. StereochemicalDescriptors : Application to reduction of carbonyl compounds, cyanohydrins formation,
addition of water to alkenes.
Unit-III
Optical activity due to molecular dissymmetry :Allenes, Spiranes, Biphenyls, Atropisomerism, Molecular
Crowding. Conformational analysis of cyclohexane, mono substituted and disubstituted (1,2, 1,3, 1,4)
cyclohexanes. Cis and Trans Decalins.Chirality of cyclohexanes.
Unit-IV
Carbohydrates:Conformational representation of monosaccharides. Mechanism of Mutarotation- Base
catalysedIsomerisation of Aldoses and ketoses. Epimerisation, Anomericeffect.Glycosides, Ether and Ester
derivatives of carbohydrates.Acetone, amino and Deoxysugars.Oxidation and reduction reactions of
carbohydrates. Disaccharides: Lactose, Maltose and Sucrose. Polysaccharides: Structure and degradation of
starch, cellulose and glycogen.
Reference:
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry part A and B F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg,
4th Edition, Plenum Publishers (2000).
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanism and Structure J March,
3rd Edition, Wiley Eastern Ltd. (2004).
3. Guide Book to Mechanism in Organic chemistry Peter Sykes Oriant- Longman (1985).
4. Stereochemistry of Carbon Compounds Eliel, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi (1976).
5. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, Principles and Applications D. Nasipuri,
Wiley Eastern Ltd.(1992).
6. Organic Chemistry Vol-I, II, III S.M.Mukherji, S.P.Singh and R.P.Kapoor, New Age
International Ltd, New Delhi (2000).
7. Organic Chemistry Volume-I, II - I. L. Finar, 6th Edition, ELBS London (2004).
8. Chemistry of Carbohydrates G.C.Percival.
9. Carbohydrates Chemistry and Biochemistry Pigman and Harton.
10.Heterocyclic Chemistry T.L.Gilchrist, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education Delhi, (2005).
27
CHE-PhD-2 OR 5
Organic Spectroscopy
Unit I
Electronic, Chiroptical and Vibrational Spectroscopy: Electronic and ChiropticalSpectroscopy
:Introduction. Energy considerations.Experimental methods.Beer-Lamberts law.Theory and
classification of electronic transitions.Terminology, substituent and solvent effects.UV spectral study
of alkenes, dienes, polyenes, carbonyl and aromatic compounds. Steric effects, isobestic points,
model compounds, charge transfer bands. ORD Cotton effect, Octant and Haloketone rules,
Applications in the determination of configuration of cyclic and steroidal ketones.
Unit-II
Vibrational Spectroscopy:Introduction and Experimental methods. Units, Notation and
Regions.Dispersive
and
FT-IR.Sampling
techniques.Complimentarity
of
IR
and
Raman.Fundamental vibrations, overtones, Group frequencies, factors affecting group frequencies;
Conjugation, inductive, resonance, steric effects.Mechanical coupling, Fermi resonance,
Applications of IR in the study of H-bonding, stereoisomerism, tautomerism. Identification of the
following organic compounds by IR : Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatic compounds, Aldehydes,
Ketones, Alcohols, Thiols, Acids, Acid chlorides, Amides, Amines, Esters, halides, nitro compounds,
etc
Unit III
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: Introduction- Magnetic properties of nuclei- Resonance
condition. Field Frequency diagram.Precession of Nuclei, Relaxation- CW and PFT-methodsInstrumentation and Sample handling.Chemical shift- Mechanism of shielding and deshielding- in
Alkanes, Alkyl halides, Alkenes, Aromatic compounds, Carbonyl compounds and Annulenes.
Chemical shifts of Different types of Organic compounds. Empirical rules.Spin-spin coupling,
geminal-vicinal coupling-Relative intensities.Karplus equation-Curve.Equivalence of protonschemical and magnetic equivalence. Spin-systems First order and second order patterns. Long
Range coupling Spin decoupling, CIDNP, NOE.Lanthanide Shift reagents. Proton attached to
elements other than carbon. Exchange phenomena, Temperature effects.
Unit-IV
Multi-Nuclear NMR and Correlation Spectroscopy: 13C-NMR. Broad Band and Off resonance
decoupling methods of detection. 13C- Chemical shifts of different classes of Organic compoundsAlkanes, Alkyl halides, Alkenes, Alcohols, Ethers, Carbonyl compounds and Aromatic compounds.
13C H Coupling DEPT. Introductory aspects of 15N, 19F, 31P - NMR. Correlation NMR
28
Spectroscopy: Theory, Pulse

H(HETEROCOSYMethods.
sequences.
FT-Methods.
1H
1H
(COSY)
and
13C
Mass Spectroscopy and Composite Problems: Ionisation and Mass analysis. Instrumentation,
methods of ionization, EI, CI, DI, SI Methods.Fragmentation : principles, odd and EE ions,
molecular ion and base peak, Nitrogen rule, metastable ions. Isotope effects in chloro and bromo
compounds.Stevenson rule. Fragmentation of :
i) Normal and Branched Alkanes. ii) Alkenes. iii) benzene and its derivatives.
iv) Alcohols. v) Aldehydes. vi) Ketones. vii) Acids. viii) Esters. ix) Ethers. x) Amines.
xi) Nitro compounds. xii) Halo compounds. xii) Peptides
Reference:
1. Introduction to Spectroscopy by D.L.Pavia, G.M.Lampman and G.S.Kriz,
2. Saunders Golden Sunburst Series London, (1979).
3. Spectroscopic Identification of organic compounds by R.M.Silverstein and
4. F.X.Webster, 6th Edition, Wiley and Sons, India Ltd (2006).
5. Organic Spectroscopy by William Kemp, 3rd Edition, Palgrave publishers, (2002).
6. Organic Structural Spectroscopy by J.B. Lambert, H.F.Shurvell, D.A.Lightner,
7. R.G.Cooks, Prentice Hall Publishers, Jersey (1998).
8. Organic Spectroscopy by D.W.Brown, A.J.Floyd and M.Sainsbury, John Wiley and
Sons.
9. Applications of Absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds by J.R Dyer
10. Prentice Hall Publishers, New Delhi (1969).
11. Interpretation of Mass Spectroscopy by McLafferty.
12. Organic Spectroscopy by V.R. Dani, Tata McGraw-Hill, Ltd (1995).
13. Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds by P.S. Kalsi, 4th Edition, New Delhi (2005).
14. Organic Spectroscopy by Jag Mohan (Narosa Publishing House) 2001.
29
CHE-PhD-2 OR 6
Advanced Organic synthesis
Unit I
Retrosynthetic Analysis: Disconnection approach Terminology, synthon, synthetic equivalent,
functional group interconversion. One group C X and two group disconnections. Applications of C
C disconnection in the synthesis of substituted 1,2- 1,3- and 1,4- bifunctional compounds.
Retrosynthetic analysis and synthetic route for Alcohols, Benzocaine, Acetone cyanohydrin, pMethoxyacetophenone, 6-Methyl quinoline, Pirindol, 6-methoxy indole 3- acetic acid.
Application to the synthesis of Juvabione, Taxol, Longifolene, Prelog-Djerassi lactone.
Unit II
Newer Reagents and Reactions:Methods of preparation, mechanism of action and application of the
following reagents in Organic synthesis: i) DCC. ii) 1,3-Dithiane. iii) LDA. iv) DDQ. v)
Tributyltinhydride. vi) Wilkinson Catalyst. vii) Crown ethers. viii) Trimethylsilyl iodide. ix) Bakers
yeast. x) Gilman reagent. xi) Peterson reaction. xii) Woodward and Prevost hydroxylations
Unit III
Oxidations and Reductions:Oxidations: Oxidation of organic compounds using KMnO4, PCC, OsO4, CrO3,
K2Cr2O7, SeO2, Pb(OAc)4, HIO4, Oxygen, Oppaneur oxidation, Swern oxidation. Hydroboraton
Isomerisation and oxidation. Application in the synthesis of Esters, E - Z alkenes, Conjugated dienes,
Alkynes.
Reductions: Reduction of organic compounds using the following reagents: LiAlH4, NaBH4,
Stereochemistry of carbonyl reduction, Dibal-H ,Dissolving metal reduction. Birch Reduction, Wolf-Kishner
Reduction.(Huang-Minlon Modification)
Unit IV
Newer reactions:Mechanism and Strategic applications of the following Named reactions :
i) Suzuki coupling. ii) Prins reaction iii) Shapiro reaction.iv) Mitsunobu reaction. v) Robinson
annulation. vi) Junjappa Ila aromatic and heteroaromatic annulation. vii) PausonKhandreaction.viii) Simon -Smith reaction. ix) Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction x) Heck
arylation.. xi) Hoffmann Loffler- Freytag Reaction Modern Techniques in Organic Synthesis..
Reference:
1. Organic Synthesis The Disconnection Approach - Stuart Warren
2. Designing Organic Synthesis Stuart Warren.
3. Modern Synthetic Organic Chemistry H.O.House, W.A.Benjamin INC, New York
(1969).
4. Principles of Organic Synthesis R.O.C.Norman and J.M.Coxon, 3rd Edition, Nelson
Thrones, UK (2003).
5. Synthetic Approaches in Organic Chemistry Raj K. Bansal, Narosa Publishing House
(1998).
6. Modern Methods of Organic Synthesis Carruthers.
7. Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms P.S. Kalsi, 2nd Edition, New Age
International publishers (2002).
30
CHE-PhD-2 OR 7
Drug and Heterocyclic Chemistry
Unit-I
Drug design :Development of new drugs, procedures followed in drug design, concepts ofprodrugs
and soft drugs. Theories of drug activity, Quantitative structure activityrelationship. Theories of drug
activity, Quantitative structure activity relationship.History and development of QSAR. Concepts of
drug receptors
b) Study of the Following types of drugs:
i) Antibiotics: Preparation of semi synthetic penicillin, conversion of penicillin into
cephalosporin, general account of tetracycline &macrocyclic antibiotics(no synthesis)
ii) Antimalerials: Trimethoprim
iii) Analgesic & Antipyretics: Paracetamol, Meperidine, methadone, Aminopyrine.
Unit-II
Antiinflammatory:
Ibuprofen,
Oxyphenylbutazone,
Diclophenac,
Indomethacin.ii)
Antitubercular&antileprotic :Ethambutol, Isoniazide&Dapsoneiii) Anaesthetics : Lidocaine,
Thiopental.iv) Antihistamines: Phenobarbital, Diphenylhydramine.v) Tranquilizers: Diazepam,
Trimeprazine.vi) Anti AIDS: General studyvii) Cardiovascular: Synthesis of dilliazem, quinidine,
methyldopa, atenolol, oxyprenolviii) Anti-neoplastic drugs: Cancer chemotherapy, Synthesis of
mechloraethamine,cyclophosphamide, Mephalan, uracils, mustards. Recent development in
cancerchemotherapy.Hormones and natural products.
Unit-III
a) Small ring Heterocycles :Three membered and four membered Heterocycles- synthesis and
reactions of aziridines,oxiranes, thiranes, azetidines, oxitanes and thietanes.
b) Benzo fused five membered HeterocyclesSynthesis and reactions of benzopyrroles, benzofurans
and benzothiophenes.
Unit-IV
a) Six membered Heterocycles with one heteroatom :Synthesis and reactions of pyrilium salts and
pyrones and their comparison pyridiniumand thiopyrylium salts and pyridones. Synthesis and
reactions of coumarins, chromones.b) Six membered Heterocycles with two and more Heterocycles
.Synthesis and reactions of diazines&triazines.c) Seven membered Heterocycles
Synthesis and reactions of azepines, oxepines&thiepines.
Reference:
1. Burger : Medicinal Chemistry.
2.A. Kar : Medicinal Chemistry (Wiley East)
3. W. O. Foye : Principals of medicinal chemistry.
4. Wilson, Gisvold&Dorque: Text book of organic medical and pharmaceutical
chemistry
5. Pharmaceutical manufacturing encyclopedia.
6. R. M. Acheson : An introduction to chemistry of heterocyclic compounds
31
(Interscience).
7. Joule &Smith : Heterocyclic chemistry (Van Nostrand).
8. R. K. Bansal: Heterocyclic chemistry (Wiley E).
9. L. A. Paquitte : Principals of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
10. M. H. Palamer : The structure and reactions of heterocyclic compounds.
11. A. R. Katritzky: Advances in Heterocyclic chemistry (A.P.).
12. Finar: Organic chemistry (Vol. 1& 2)
13. Cohn &Stumpt : Outline of Biochemistry.
14. Williams : Introduction to the chemistry of enzyme action.
15. The Organic Chemistry of Drug design and Drug action, R. B. Silverman Academic
press.
16. Strategies for Organic Drug synthesis and Design, D. Lednicer, J. Willey.
17. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Vol-1-3, R. R. Gupta, M. Kumar and V. Gupta, Springer
Veriag.
18. The Chemistry of Heterocycles, T. Eicher and S. Hauptmann, Thieme
19. Heterocyclic Chemistry, J. A. Joule, K. Mills and G. F. Smith, Chapman and Hall
20. Heterocyclic Chemistry, T. L. Gilchrist, Longman Scientific Technical
21. Contemporary Heterocyclic Chemistry, G. R. Nikome and W. W. Poudler, Willey.
22. An Introduction to Heterocyclic Compounds, R. M. Acheson, J. Willey
23. Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, A. R. Katrizky and C. W. Rees.
32
CHE-PhD-2 OR 8
Bio organic chemistry
Unit-I
a) Cell Structure and Functions:Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Intracellular organelles
and their functions, comparison of plant and animal cells. Overview of metabolic processcatabolism
and anabolism. ATP the biological energy currency. Origin of life- unique properties of carbon,
chemical evolution and rise of living system. Introduction to biomolecules, building blocks of biomacromolecules.b) Enzymes :Structure activity and reactions, catalyzed determination of active
site, inhibition mechanism chemical transformations using enzyme.
Unit-II
Carbohydrates :Conformation of monosaccharides, structure and functions of important derivatives
of monosaccharides like glycosides, deoxy sugars, myoinositol, amino sugars. Naceylmuramic acid,
sialic acid disaccharides and polysaccharides.Structural polysccharides- cellulose and
chitin.Storage polysaccharides- starch and glycogen.Structure and biological functions of
glucosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharides.Carbohydrates of glycoprotines and glycolipides.Role
of sugars in biological recognition. Blood group substances. Ascorbic acid. Carbohydrate
metabolism- Krebs cycle, glycolysis, glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, pentose phosphate
pathway.
Unit-III
Lipids :Fatty acids, essential fatty acids, structures and function of triglycerides,
glycerophspholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol, bile acids, prostaglandins. Lipoproteinscomposition
and function, role in arthrosclerosis.Properties of lipid aggregates micelles, bilayers, liposomes
and their possible biological functions. Biological members .Fluid mosaic model of membrane
structure. Lipid metabolism - _-oxidation of fatty acids
Unit-IV
a) Amino acids, Peptides and Proteins :Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins to peptides,
amino acid sequencing. Secondary structure of protein, forces responsible for holding of secondary
structures. _- helix, _-sheets, super secondary structure, triple helix structure of collagen. Tertiary
structure of protein- folding and domain structure.Quaternary structure. Amino acid metabolismdegradation and biosynthesis of amino acids, sequence determination: chemical/ enzymatic/ mass
spectral, racemization/ detection. Chemistry of oxytocin and tryptophan releasing hormone (TRH).
b) Nucleic Acids:Purine and pyrimidine of nucleic acids, base pairing via H bonding. Structure of
ribonucleic acids (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), double helix model of DNA and forces
responsible for holding it.Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of nucleic acids.The chemical basis for
heredity, an overview of replication of DNA, transcription, translation and genetic code.Chemical
synthesis of mono and poly nucleosides.
Rerference:
1.Principles of Biochemistry, A. L. Lehinger, Worth Publications.
2.Biochemistry, L. Stryer, W. H. Freeman.
3.Biochemistry, J. David Rawn, Neil Patterson.
4.Biochemistry, Voet and Voet, John Wiley.
5.Outlines of Biochemistry, E. E. Conn and P. K. Stumpt, John Wiley.
33
CHE-PhD-2 OR 9
Chemistry of Natural Products
Unit I
Steroids and Steroidal Hormones: Structure, synthesis, stereochemistry and spectral features of Cholesterol
and Ergosterol. Steroidal Hormones : Estrogenic hormones Estrone. Androgenic hormones
Androsterone.Corpus Luteum hormones Progesterone.Transformations in steroids and hormones.
Unit II
Plant Products: Structure, synthesis, stereochemistry and spectral properties (wherever applicable) of the
following : Alkaloids: Papaverine, Reserpine, Morphine, Lysergic acid, Physostigmine. Photochemical
synthesis of Nuciferene, Corydaline, Tylophorine.Terpenoids: Zingiberene, -Pinene, Gibberillic acid,
Camphor, Caryophyllene, Abietic acid, Farnesol.
Unit III
Prostaglandins and Lipids:Prostaglandins : Introduction, , nomenclature, classification and biological role of
Prostaglandins. Structure elucidation and stereochemistry of PGE1.Synthesis of prostaglandins by Corey
and Stork routes. Lipids: Sphingolipids and Glycolipids, Naturally occurring fatty acids and their triglycerides,
Essential fatty acids, Unusual fatty acids, Methods of isolation: Gunstonespartition method. Reactions of
fatty acids Fischer and trans esterification, Oxidation andAcyl group transfer reactions. Analytical values
Cetane number. Applications of GC, IR,1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS techniques in the study of their
structures. Emulsions and Biodiesel.Oleochemicals and their applications in the synthesis of heterocycles.
Unit-IV
Biomolecules:Structure and synthesis of Nucleosides-Nucleotides. Methods of formation of internucleotide
bonds. Polynucleotides, structure, formation and hydrolysis products ofDNA and RNA.Role of nucleic acids
in protein synthesis.Genetic code.Peptide bond formation, Structure and StereochemistryPeptide linkage,
Primary structure of peptides.C-terminal amino acid determination(Hydrazinolysis), N-terminal amino acid
determination.Edman's and Sanger'smethod.Application of Dansyl chloride, Partial hydrolysis of
peptides.Mass-spectra ofpeptides. Synthesis of peptides: Oxytocin, Glutathione, Merrifield Solid phase
peptidesynthesis. Structure of proteins.
Reference:
1. Sterioids Fieser and Fieser.
2. Organic Chemistry Volume-I, II - I. L. Finar, 6th Edition, ELBS London (2004).
3. Advanced Organic Chemistry part A and B F.A. Carey and R.J. Sundberg, 4th Edition,
Plenum Publishers (2000).
4. The Alkaloids Volume II IV K.W.Bentley.
5. The Chemistry of Alkaloids S.W.Pelletier.
6. Terpenoids Volume I and II P. De Mayo.
7. Prostaglandins A. Mitra.
8. Industrial Oil and Products Volume I - A. Baileys
9. Introduction to the Chemistry and Biochemistry of fatty acids and their Glycerides
-F.D. Gunstone, Chapman and Hall, London (1980).
10. Introduction to Nucleic acids - Harber, Domagle and Muller.
34
CHE-PhD-2 OR 10
Conceptiual Organic Chemistry
Unit-I
Review of basic concepts of inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance effect,
hyperconjugation, the formalism of curved arrow mechanisms. Relationship between
thermodynamic stability and rates of reactions - kinetic versus thermodynamic control of product
formation Hammond postulate - kinetic isotope effects with examples - catalysis by acids and
bases and nucleophiles with examples from acetal, cyanohydrin and ester formation and hydrolysis
reactions.
Unit-II
solvent effect, bulk and specific solvent effects - examples of solvent effect from SN2 substitution
and E2 elimination reaction - introduction to carbon acids, pKa of weak acids. Concept of
aromaticity, delocalization of electrons - Hckels rule, criteria for aromaticity, examples of neutral
and charged aromatic systems annulenes - NMR as a tool for aromaticity - anti- and homoaromatic systems. Mechanism of electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions, with
examples.
Unit-III
Stereochemistry: Introduction to molecular symmetry and chirality examples from common
objects to molecules axis, plane, center, alternating axis of symmetry. Stereoisomerism
definition based on symmetry and energy criteria configuration and conformational stereoisomers.
Center of chirality molecules with C, N, S based chiral centers absolute configuration enantiomers racemic modifications - R and S nomenclature using Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules
molecules with a chiral center and Cn molecules with more than one center of chirality definition
of diastereoisomers constitutionally symmetrical and unsymmetrical chiral molecules - erythro,
threo nomenclature E and Z nomenclature out/in isomers.
Unit-IV
Axial, planar and helical chirality examples stereochemistry and absolute configuration of
allenes, biphenyls and binaphthyls, ansa and cyclophanic compounds, spiranes, exo-cyclic
alkylidenecycloalkanes.
Topicity and prostereoisomerism topicity of ligands and faces, and their nomenclature NMR
distinction of enantiotopic/diastereotopic ligands. Conformational analysis of acyclic and cyclic
systems substituted n-butanes cyclohexane and its derivatives decalins fused and bridged
bicyclic systems conformation and reactivity some examples chemical consequence of
conformational equilibrium - Curtin-Hammett principle.
35
Reference:
1. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Part A: Structure and Mechanisms, F. A. Carey and R. A.
Sundberg, , Fifth edition, Springer, New York, 2007
2. Mechanism and theory in organic chemistry, Second edition, T. H. Lowry and K. S.
Richardson, Harper & Row, New York, 1981
3. Physical Organic Chemistry, N. S. Isaacs, ELBS, Longman, UK, 1987.
4. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. Principles and Applications, D. Nasipuri, Second
Edition, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1994. Ch.2-6 and 9-12.
5. Stereochemistry, D. G. Morris, , RSC Tutorial Chemistry Text 1, 2001
6. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds, E. L. Eliel and S. H. Wilen, , John Wiley & Sons,
New York, 1994.
7. Principles of Biochemistry 6th edition, 2006 - Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko and
LubertStryer (W.H. Freeman & Co.)
8. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th edition, 2008 - Nelson, D. L. and M. M. Cox. (W. H.
Freeman &Co.).
9. Outlines of Biochemistry 5th edition 2001- Conn, E.E., Stumpf, P. K. Bruening, G. and Doi,
R.H. (John Wiley and Sons).
10. Harpers Illustrated Biochemistry - R.K. Murray et al. (McGraw Hill) .
36
CHE-PhD-2 OR 11
Organic Industrial Analysis
Unit-I
Analysis of oils, fats, soaps and detergents :Introduction to natural fats and oils, Analysis of oils and
fats: Softning point, Congentpoint, Titre point, cloud point, Iodine, Saponification, acid, hyroxyl, R-M
and Polenskevalue, Elaidentest.Introduction to soaps, analysis of soap (saponifiable,
unsaponifiable)and for unsaponified matter in soaps, Estimation of free alkali and phenol in
soap.Classification of detergents (in Brief): Analysis of active ingredients from detergents(
methylene blue and Hyamine-1622 method); Estimation of CMC, Chlorides, total
phosphates etc.
Unit- II
Analysis of cosmetics:a) Composition of creams and lotions: Determination of water, porpylene
glycolnon-volatile matter and ash content. Determination of borates, carbonates
sulphate,phosphate, chloride, titanium and Zinc oxide.b) Analysis of face powder: Estimation of
boric acid, Mg, Ca, Zn, Fe, Al, and Ba.c) Analysis of ingredients of hair dyes.
Unit- III
Food Analysis: Food flavours ,foodcolours, food preservatives, Milk and milk products , fluorstaches
,honey, jam, and their major component analysis
Unit-IV
Analysis of petroleum products:Cloud point, pour point, flash point, vapour pressure, specific gravity
and theirdetermination, Estimation of S and Pb in petrol
Reference:
1. S. R. Junk and H. M. Pancoast: Hand book of sugars(AVI)
2. B. Bilot and B. V. Well: Perfumary technology (JW)
3. I. M. Kolthoff: Treatise on Analytical Chemistry Vol. I and II
4. D. Pearson: Laboratory techniques in food analysis.
5. S. Ranganna: Handbook of Analysis and Quality control for fruits and
vegetable products, 2nd Ed.(McGraw Hill.)
6. Nicholls : Aids to the analysis of foods and drugs.
7. G. J. Mountrey: Poultry product technology (AVI)
8. Karamer Twig: Quality control for food industry (AVI)
9. G. F. Longonan: the analysis of detergents and detergent products (JW)
10. A. Davidsohn& B. M. Mlwidaky : Synthetic detergents (Book center,
Mumbai)
11. M. Ash and L. Ash: A formulary of cosmetic preparations. (G. Goodwin)
12. Kurl Bauer, Dorothea Garhe, Horst Surburg: Common fregrance and flavour
materials, (VCH publisher, New York)
13. F. J. Welcher: Standard Methods of Chemical analysis Vol I & II (6th Ed.)
37
CHE-PhD-3 PH 1
PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT-I
Thermodynamics-I Classical thermodynamics- Brief review of fist and second laws of
thermodynamics- entropy change in reversible and irreversible processes- Entropy of mixing of
ideal gases Entropy and disorder- Free energy functions- Gibbs Helmoltz equation- Maxwell partial
relations- Conditions of equilibrium and spontaneity- Free energy changes in chemical reactions:
Vanthoff
equation Classiussclapeyron equation partial molar quantities- Chemical potential
Gibbs Duhem equation-partial molar volume- determination of fugacity- Thermodynamics

derivation of Raoults Law.
UNIT-II
Surface phenomenon and phase equilibria- surface tension- capillary action- pressure difference
across curved surface(young laplace equation)- Vapour pressure of small droplets(Kelvin
equation)- Gibbs-Adsorption equation- BET- equation Estimation of surface area- catalytic activity
of surfaces-ESCA and Augar electron spectroscopy.
Surface active agents- classification of surface active agents- Micillisation- critical Micelle
concentration (CMC) - factors affecting the CMC of surfactants, nicroemulsions- reverse licellesHydrophobic interaction.
UNIT-III
Electrochemistry-I- Electrochemical cells measurement of EMF Nernst equation Equilibrium
constant from EMF data pH and EMF data- concentraon cells with and without transference
Liquid junction potential
and its determination Activity coefficients Determination by EMF
method- Determination of solubility product from EMF measurements. Debye Huckel limiting law
and its verifications.
Effect of dilution in equivalent conductance of electrolytes anomalous behaviour of strong
electrolytes. Debye Huckel-Onsagar equation- verification and limitations- Bjerrum treatment of
electrolytes- conduct metric titrations.
38
UNIT-IV
Chemical kinetics- Methods of deriving rate laws- complex reactions- Rate expressions for
opposing parallel and consecutive reactions involving unimolecular steps. Theories of reaction rates
collision theory- Steric factor- Activated complex theory- thermodynamic aspects- Unimolecuar
reactions- Lindemanns theory- Lindemann- Hinshelwood and RRKM theories. Reactions in
solutions- Influence of solvent- Primary and secondary salt effects- Elementary account of linier free
energy relationships Hammet- Taft equation- Chain reactions Rate laws of H2-Br2 ,
photochemical reaction of H2-Cl2 Decomposition of acetaldehyde and ethane Rice Herzfeld
mechanism.
References:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Physical chemistry P.W. Atkins,

Chemical Kinetics- KJ. Laidler, McGrawhill pub.
The text book of physical chemistry, Samuel Glasstone, Mcmillan Pub.
Physical Chemistry, G.W. Castellan. Narosa
39
CHE-PhD-3 PH 2
APPLIED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL DYNAMICS
Unit I:
Statistical Thermodynamics:Basic terms: Probability, cell, phase space, micro and macro states,
thermodynamic probability, statistical weight factor, statistical equilibrium, assembly, ensemble and
its classification, Derivation of Boltzmann-Maxwell, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics,
partition function and derivations of translational, rotational, vibrational and electronic partition
functions, thermodynamic functions such as internal energy, heat capacity, entropy, work function,
pressure, heat content, etc.. Partition function and third law of thermodynamics, applications of
partition function to mono atomic gases, diatomic molecules, equilibrium constant and equilibrium
constants of metathetic reaction and Numericals.
Unit II:
Polymer and Surface Chemistry:Macromolecules: Polymer definition, types of polymers,
electrically conducting, fire resistant, liquid crystal polymers, kinetics of polymerization, mechanism
of polymerization. Molecular mass number and mass average molecular mass, molecular mass
determination (osmometry, viscometry, diffusioin and the light scattering methods), sedimentation,
chain configuration of macromolecules, calculation of average dimensions of various chain
structures.
Adsorption:Surface tension, capillary action, pressure difference across curved surface (Laplace
equation), vapour pressure of droplets (Kelvin equation), Gibbs adsorption isotherm, estimation of
surface area (BET equation), surface films on liquids (Electro kinetic phenomenon), catalytic activity
at surfaces.
Unit III:
(a) Fugacity and Activity:
Definition, determination of fugacity by graphical method, equation of state, approximate and generalized
methods, variation of fugacity with temperature and pressure, fugacity of solids and liquids, mixture of ideal
gases and real gases. Activity and activity coefficients in liquid solutions and Numericals.
(b) The Debye-Huckel Theory:
Ionic interactions in solutions, electric potential of ionic atmosphere, electrical free energy and activity
coefficients, mean ionic activity coefficients (D-H limiting law), applications of D-H theory, quantitative and
qualitative uses, solubility in presence of added electrolyte and osmotic coefficient and Numericals.
Unit IV:
Chemical Dynamics: Dynamic Chain (hydrogen-bromine reaction, pyrolysis of acetaldehyde, decomposition
of ethane), photochemical (hydrogen-bromine and hydrogen-chlorine reactions) and oscillatory reactions
(Belousov Zhabotinsky reaction), homogeneous catalysis, kinetics of enzyme reactions, general features of
fast reactions, study of fast reactions by flow method, relaxation method, flash photolysis and the nuclear
magnetic resonance method.
Reference Books:
(1) Barrow G M : Physical Chemistry, 5th Ed, Mcgraw Hill Co. (1968).
(2) Atkins P W : Physical Chemistry, 3rd Ed, EIBS (1987).
(3) GlasstoneS : Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Affiliated East West Press.
(4) GlasstoneS : Thermodynamic for Chemists, Affiliated East West Press.
(5) Gurdeep and Rajesh : Thermodynamics, Goel Publishing House, Meerut.
(6) Gowarikar U R, Vishwanathan N V, ShreedharJ : Polymer Science, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
(7) Hennay H B : Solid State Chemistry, Prentice Hall Inc.
(8) Laidler K J : Chemical Kinetics, Mcgraw Hill.
40
CHE-PhD-3 PH 3
ADVANCED PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Unit I
Electrochemistry: Determination of dissociation constants of mono and polybasic acids,
conductivity, EMF and spectrophotometric methods, non aqueous titrations, types of solvents,
leveling effect, choice of solvent, influence of dielectric constant, polarization and over voltage,
theories of hydrogen over voltage.
Unit II
Polarography: Detailed basic principles, origin of different types of current, theory of capacity
current, equation of polarographic wave, maxima in polarography, origin and suppression, Ilkovik
equation, effect of pH on E1/2, determination of unknown concentration, determination of stability
constants of a simple complex which is reversibly or irreversibly reduced.
Electronic Properties and Band Theory: Metals, insulators and semiconductors, electronic
structure of solids-band theory, band structure of metals, insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic
and extrinsic semiconductors, doping semiconductors, p-n junctions, super conductors. Optical
properties- Optical reflectance, photoconduction. Magnetic Properties- Classification of materials:
quantum theory of paramagnetic cooperative phenomena-magnetic domains, hysteresius.
Unit III
Nuclear Chemistry: Nuclear properties, binding energies, nuclear force radii, angular momentum in
nuclear chemistry, spin magnetic and quantum moments, pairing energy, Square Well and Wood
Saxon potentials, Nuclear Models: Fermi, Shell, Collective, nuclear reaction energetic, Q values and
thresholds, barriers for charged particles, cross section, partial cross sections, elastic scattering,
energy changes in fission and fusion, synthesis of some radioactive elements like Na, P, S, Y and
Br, accelerators, use of radioactive isotopes as tracers.
Unit IV
The properties of solutions:Ideal solutions : properties, the DuhamMargules equation, vapour
pressure curves, compositions of liquid and vapour in equilibrium, influence of temperature on gas
solubility, and solid-liquid equlibria, Non ideal solutions: deviation from ideal behavior, vapour
pressure curves, liquid and vapour compositions, general equation for liquid mixtures, partially
miscible liquids, Dilute solutions : Henrys law, determinations of molecular weights from freezing
and boiling points. Numericals.
Reference :
(1) Barrow G M : Physical Chemistry, 5th Ed, Mcgraw Hill Co. (1968).
(2) Atkins P W : Physical Chemistry, 3rd Ed, EIBS (1987).
(3) GlasstoneS : Introduction to Electrochemistry, Affiliated East West Press.
(4) S Baluja : Nuclear chemistry and Radio activity, SaurashtraUniversty, Rajkot.
41
CHE-PhD-3 PH 4
SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Crystal Structure: Crystalline and amorphous solids; crystal systems, point groups: methods of
characterizing crystal structure - Powder x-ray diffraction, electron and neutron diffraction; types of
close packing - hcp and ccp, packing efficiency, radius ratios; polyhedral description of solids;
structure types -NaCl, ZnS, Na2O, CdCl2, wurtzite, nickel arsenide, CsCl, CdI2, rutile and Cs2O,
perovskite ABO3, K2NiF4, spinels.
Unit-II
Preparative methods: Solid state reaction, chemical precursor method, co-Precipitation, sol-gel,
metathesis, self-propagating high temperature synthesis, ion exchange reactions, intercalation /
deintercalation reactions; hydrothermal and template synthesis; High pressure synthesis
Methods of Single Crystal Growth: Solution growth; Melt Growth-Bridgeman, Czochralski,
Kyropoulus, Verneuil; Chemical Vapour Transport; Fused Salt Electrolysis; Hydrothermal method;
Flux Growth.
Unit-III
Characterization:Thermal analysis: TGA, DTA, DSC Electrical properties: Band theory of solids metals and their properties; semiconductors - extrinsic and intrinsic, Hall effect; thermoelectric
effects (Thomson, Peltier and Seebeck); insulators - dielectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric and
piezoelectric properties; ionic conductors.
Unit-IV
Magnetic properties: Dia, para, ferro, ferri, and antiferro magnetic types; soft and hard magnetic
materials; select magnetic materials such as spinels, garnets and perovskites, hexaferrites and
lanthanide-transition metal compounds; magnetoresistance. Optical properties: Luminescence of dand f- block ions; structural probes; up and down conversion materials. Superconductivity: Basics,
discovery and high Tc materials. Additional Topics: Amorphous materials, zeolites, fullerenes and
nanocrystalline solids.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
R. West, Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, John Wiley & Sons, 1984.
L. Smart and E. Moore, Solid State Chemistry - An Introduction, Chapman & Hall, 1992.
H. V. Keer, Principles of the Solid State, Wiley Eastern Limited, 1993.
K. Chakrabarty, Solid State Chemistry, New Age Publishers, 1996.
42
CHE-PhD-3 PH 5
EQUILIBRIUM AND STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS
Unit-I
Advanced Classical Thermodynamics: Concept of entropy, reversible and irreversible processes,
Clausius inequality, Free energies, Criteria of spontaneity. Fundamental equations for open
systems, Partial molar quantities and chemical potential, Gibbs-Duhem equation, Real gases and
fugacity. Thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal solutions: Liquid-liquid solutions, liquid-solid
solutions, multicomponent systems and excess thermodynamic properties, Activity of ideal, regular
and ionic solutions.
Unit-II
Strong electrolytes, Debye-Huckel limiting law and its extensions, activity coefficients and ionic
strength, Applications of Debye-Huckel Theory.Thermodynamic equation of state. Phase behavior
of one and two component systems, Ehrenfest classification of phase transitions.
Unit-III
Statistical Thermodynamics: Concept of ensembles, Canonical ensemble, Boltzmann distribution,
Thermodynamic quantities and canonical partition function. Grand canonical ensemble, FermiDirac and Bose-Einstein distributions. Molecular partition functions, Translational, rotational and
vibrational partition functions. Ideal monoatomic and diatomic gases, Classical partition functions,
thermodynamic properties, Equipartition theorem, Chemical equilibrium.
Unit-IV
Real gases, intermolecular potential and virial coefficients.Debye and Einstein theory of heat
capacity of solids. Structure and thermal properties of liquids, Pair correlation functions. Linear
response theory, Irreversible processes, Onsager's law, Entropy production, Non-equilibrium
stationary states.
Reference:
1. P. Atkins and J. Paula, Physical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford
2006.
2. D. A. McQuarrie and J. D. Simon, Molecular Thermodynamics, University Science Books,
California 2004.
3. R. S. Berry, S. A. Rice and J. Ross, Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Oxford University
Press, Oxford 2007.
4. D. A. McQuarrie, Statistical Mechanics, University Science Books, California (2005).
5. B. Widom, Statistical Mechanics - A Concise Introduction for Chemists, Cambridge
University Press 2002.
6. D. Chandler, Introduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics, Oxford University Press 1987.
43
CHE-PhD-3 PH 6
CHEMICAL KINETICS
Unit-I
Theories of Reaction Rates: Potential energy surfaces-adiabatic and non-adiabatic curve crossing
Processes- transition state theory- activation/thermodynamic parameters. Various theories of
Unimolecular reactions (Lindemann- Christiansen hypothesis; Hinshelwood, RRK and RRKM
theories; non RRKM behavior) .
Unit-II
Elementary Reactions in Solutions: Influence of solvent properties on rate. Different types of
molecular interactions in solution. Diffusion and activation controlled reactions. Kinetics in the
Excited State: Jablonski diagram. Kinetics of Unimolecular and bimolecular photophysical and
photochemical processes. Resonanceenergy transfer rates-Fluorescence quenching kinetics in
solution and gas phase.
Unit-III
Fast Reaction Kinetics: Relaxation methods, Stopped flow method, Laser Flash Photolysis, flow
tube methods, and Laser based experimental techniques. Experimental set up for Unimolecular
decomposition studies. State to state dynamics.Molecular beam studies.
Unit-IV
Electrode Kinetics: Metal/solution interface- Dependence of electrochemical reaction rate on
overpotential-current density for single step and multi-step processes-Influence of electrical double
layer on rate constants. Activation and diffusion controlled processes- Marcus kinetics and quadratic
dependence of Gibbs free energies-electron transfer processes involving organic and inorganic
compounds. Different types of overpotentials- polarization behavior-Mechanism of hydrogen
evolution and oxygen reduction in acid and alkaline media- Experimental methods for elucidation of
reaction mechanism.
Reference:
1. Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics; Jeffrey I Steinfeld, Joseph S. Francisco and William L.
Hase. Prentice Hall, 2nd edition, 1998.
2. Laidler, K. J.; Chemical Kinetics", 3rd Edition 1997 , Benjamin-Cummings. Indian reprint Pearson 2009.
3. Laser Spectroscopy- Basic concepts and instrumentation W. Demtroder (Springer 3rd
edition, 2004).
4. K. K. Rohatgi - Mukkerjee, Fundamentals of Photochemistry, Wiley Eastern td., 1992.
5. W.J.Albery; Electrode kinetics Clarendon Press, Oxford 1975.
6. C.H. Banford and R.G. Compton (ed) Comprehensive chemical kinetics, Vol 26 Electrode
kinetics principles and methodology, Elsevier science publishers 1986
44
CHE-PhD-3 PH 7
SURFACE, INTERFACES, DISPERSED SYSTEMS AND MACROMOLECULES
Unit-I
Surfaces and interfaces: Types of interfaces. Liquid surfaces: Microscopic picture of interfaces;
curved interfaces; Young -Laplace and Kelvin equations; capillary condensation; surface tension;
measuring surface tension. Solid-liquid interfaces: Contact angle and wetting, Gibbs adsorption
isotherm.
Unit-II
Solid surfaces: External and internal surfaces; Bulk and surface structure of FCC, BCC and HCP
metals; Notation of surface structures; Relaxation and reconstruction of surfaces; homogeneous
and heterogeneous surfaces. Solid-gas interfaces: Types of adsorption; Adsorption isotherms
Langmuir, Tempkin and BET. Determination of surface area of adsorbents; temperature
dependence of adsorption isotherms.
Unit-III
Dispersed systems: Types of dispersions; Spontaneous self-rganization; Surfactants: structure of
surfactants in solution; critical micellation concentration (CMC); temperature dependence;
influence of chain length and salt concentration; surfactant parameter. Emulsions: macro- and
micro-emulsions; aging and stabilization of emulsions; Phase behaviour of microemulsions.
Colloids, vesicles, lipid bilayer membrane: structure and properties, monolayers, liquid crystals,
foams and aerosols.
Unit-IV
Macromolecules: Introduction, Classification, Nomenclature, Viscosity, Molecular weight
determination, Flory-Huggins theory, Amorphous and semicrystalline states, glass transition and
related theories, melt transition, viscoelasticity, Maxwell-Voight models, Rubber elasticity
thermodynamic theories.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A.W. Adamson, A.P. Gast, Physical chemistry of surfaces, Wiley, 1997.

H.-J. Butt, K. Graf, M. Kappl, Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces, Wiley-VCH, 2006.
D.K. Chakrabarty and B. Viswanathan, Heterogeneous Catalysis, New Age, 2008.
H. Kuhn, H.-D. Forsterling, D.H. Waldeck, Principles of Physical Chemistry, Wiley, 2009.
G.A. Somorjai, Y. Li , Introduction to Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (2n ed.), 2010.
Advanced Polymer Chemistry, ManasChanda, Marcel Dekker, Inc.New York 2000.
Polymer Science and Technology, J. R. Fried, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
1999.
45
CHE-PhD-3 PH 8
PRINCIPLES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
Unit-I
Review of vectors and vector spaces, matrices and determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors,
similarity transformations, ordinary differential equations- first and second order.Solution of
differential equations by power series method: solutions of Hermite equation in detail. Orthogonality
properties and recurrence relations.Introduction to the solutions of Legendre and Laguerre
differential equations, Spherical Harmonics. Introduction to Fourier series and Fourier transforms,
convolution theorem.
Unit-II
Solution of the Schrodinger equation for exactly solvable problems such as particle-in-a- box,
particle-in-a-ring, harmonic oscillator and rigid rotor.Tunneling, one dimensional potential barriers and
wells.Postulates of quantum mechanics, wave functions and probabilities, operators, matrix representations,
commutation relationships.Hermitian operators, Commutators and results of measurements in Quantum
Mechanics.Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of operators and superposition principle.States as probability
distributions and expectation values.The expansion of arbitrary states in terms of complete set.
Unit-III
Angular momentum, commutation relationships, basis functions and representation of angular momentum
operators, Coupling (addition) of angular momenta, Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and WignerEckarttheorem.Solution of the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom, radial and angular probability
distributions, atomic orbitals and electron spin, Paulis exclusion principle and Aufbau principle.
Unit-IV
The time dependent Schrdinger equation.Co-ordinate and momentum space representation of operators
and eigenstates; Properties of eigenstates single-valuedness, double differentiability, continuity,
boundedness / square integrability. Discrete and continuous distributions; Unitary evolution and reversibility.
Schrodinger and Heisenberg representations.Projections and irreversibility. Time-independent perturbation
theory, degenerate states, variational method, Hellmann-Feynman theorem Spectra and structure of helium
atom, term symbols for atoms.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry, University Science Books, 1983.

P. W. Atkins, Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1983.
I. N. Levine, Quantum Chemistry, 3rd edition, Allyn and Bacon, 1983.
D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson Education, 2005.
H. Kuhn, H.-D. Frsterling, and D.H. Waldeck, Principles of Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edn.,
Wiley, (2009).
6. J. P. Lowe, Quantum Chemistry, K. A. Peterson, Third edition, Academic Press, 2006.
7. Principles of quantum chemistry, R.K.Prasad, McgrwHill publications.
46
CHE-PhD-3 PH 9
PHOTOCHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Principles and concepts: An overview of: Laws of photochemistry, Beer-Lambert law, electronic
energy levels, atomic and molecular term symbols, singlet-triplet state, intensity and strength of
electronic transition, selection rules for electronic transition, Jablonski diagram and hotophysical
processes, Franck-Condon principle. Excited state lifetime, steady state and time resolved
emission, factors affecting excited state energy: solvent effect, TICT.
Unit-II
Excited state kinetics, quantum yield expressions, excimer and exciplex, kinetics of luminescence
quenching: static and dynamic, Stern-Volmer analysis, deviation from Stern-Volmer kinetics.
Photoinduced electron transfer rates, free energy dependence of electron transfer on rate,
Photoinduced energy transfer, FRET, rate and efficiency calculation of FRET.
Unit-III
Methods: Measurement of fluorescence and phosphorescence and lifetimes. Introduction to timeresolved techniques for absorption and emission measurements, detection and kinetics of reactive
intermediates.Examples of low temperature matrix isolation of reactive intermediates.
Unit-IV
Reactions: Photochemistry of alkene, cis-trans isomerization, photocycloaddition reactions of
alkene, photochemical electrocyclic and sigmatropic reactions, di-pi-methane rearrangment,
electron transfer mediated reactions of alkene. Photochemistry of carbonyl compounds, Norrish
type I and type II reactions, enone and dienonecycloadditions. Photochemistry of aromatic systems,
electron transfer and nucleophilic substitution reactions.Photochemistry of nitro, azo and diazo
compounds.Photochemistry involving molecular oxygen, generation and reactions of singlet oxygen.
References:
1. Fundamental of Photochemistry, K. K. Rohatgi-Mukherjee, New Age International (P) Ltd.,
New Delhi, 1986.
2. Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 3rd Ed., J. R. Lakowicz, Springer, New York, 2006.
3. Fundamentals of Photoinduced Electron Transfer, G. J. Kavarnos, VCH publishers Inc., New
York, 1993.
4. Molecular Fluorescence: Principles and Applications, B. Valeur, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH,
Weinheim, 2002.
5. Modern Molecular Photochemistry of Organic Molecules, N. J. Turro, V. Ramamurthy, J. C.
Scaiano, University Science, Books, CA, 2010.
47
CHE-PhD-3 PH 10
NUCLEAR AND RADIO CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Brief introduction of radioactivity, mass defect, binding energy, mean bindingenergy of stable nuclei.
Disintegration theory: Nuclear stability and groupdisplacement law. Synthesis of radioisotopes: 14C,
3H, 35S, 36Cl, 82Br, 131I, 32P.Contribution of the discovery of artificial radioactivity in the field of
heavy elementchemistry.
Unit-II
Detection and measurement of radioactivity: Ionization chamber, Geiger- Muller,proportional,
scintillation counters, Wilson cloud chamber, Health physicsinstrumentation: Film badges, Pocket
ion chambers, portable counters and surveymeters, Accelerators: Van de Graff and cyclotron.
Unit-III
Nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear reactor: Characteristics of nuclear reactors andtheir
applications. Nuclear reactors in India. The four factor formula:The reproductionfactor, reactor
power, life and critical size of reactor, and breeder
Isotope effects and isotopic exchange reactions: Isotope effect: Definition, physicaland chemical
isotope effects. Generalities of isotope effects. Isotopic exchange: basicconcept, characteristics of
isotopic exchange, mechanism of isotopic exchange,kinetics of homogenous and heterogeneous
isotopic exchange reactions, selfdiffusion,and surface measurements.5 Primary radiation
Chemical Process, Direct interaction of radiation with matter,ionization, excitation, neutron impact.
Basic reactions involving active speciesproduced in the primary act, and Radiation dosimetry.
Unit-IV
Tracer: selection of radioisotopes as tracer, Application of radioisotopes as
tracersanalytical,physicochemical, medical, agriculture and industrial applications.Neutron
activation analysis. Radiometric titrations and isotope dilution techniques.Radiopharmaceutical,
radioimmunoassay and radiation sterilization.
Reference:
1. Nuclear Chemistry and its applications By. Haissionsky Addison Wesley
2. Nuclear and Radio Chemistry By. G. Friedlander, J. W. Kennedy, E. S. Macias
and J. M. Miller A Wiley Interscince Publication, John Wiley and Sons III rd Edition.
3. Radio Chemistry By An. N. Nesmeyanov, Mir Publishers.
4. Artificial Radioactivity By. K. NarayanaRao and H. J. Arnikar Tata McGrawHill Publishing
Company Ltd. New Delhi
48
CHE-PhD-3 PH 11
ELECTROCHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Ionics:Ions in solution:Deviationf rom ideal behavior. Ionic act ivity, ion-solvent and ion-ion
interactions.Expression for f ree energy. Debye-Huckel-Bjerrum model.Expression for the mean act
ivitycoef f icient.Applicat ions of Debye-Huckel limiting law -Diverse ion effect Extent of dissociat
ion of a weak electrolyte in the presence of an iner t electrolyte. Arrhenius theory.Limitat ions, vant
Hof f factor and its relat ion to colligative proper t ies.Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes.
Debye Huckel length and potent ial around a cent ral ion, its interpretat ion Transpor t of ions in
Solut ion: Electrolytic conduct ion- Debye-Huckel-Onsager treatment of the conductance of strong
electrolyte-Experimental ver if ication and limitat ions. Evidence for the existence of ionic
atmosphere. Ion associat ion and triple ion format ions. Anomalous conductance of non
aqueouselectrolyticsolut ion. Abnormal mobility of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.
UNIT - II
Electrical Double Layer: Introduction to electrical double layer Evidences for electrical double
layer. Electrocapillary phenomena-Electro capillary curves, surfactants Lipmanns equat ion,
interpretat ion and electro-kinetic phenomena. Zeta potential and its applicat ions. . Structure of
electrical double layer Helmholtz-Perr in, Guoy-Chapmann and Stern models of electrical double
layer- Applicat ions and limitat ions.
UNIT - III
Electrodics of elementary electrode reactions: Behavior of electrodes:Standard electrodes and
electrodes at equilibrium. Ohmic and non-Ohmic behaviors .Study of electrode reaction.The model
of three electrode system. Sign convent ions. Rates of electro chemical react ions. Over potential
and chemical & electro chemical condit ions for the discharge of ions. . Rates of simple electrode
react ions Elementary electron electrode process. But ler-Volmerequat ion-Exchange current
density and symmetry factor-Experimental determinat ions-Electrode rectificat ion. Nernst equat ion
as a special case of But ler -Volmerequat ion Reaction resistance- Polar isable& non-polarisable
electrodes-Low and high f ieldapproximat ions-Tafelequat ions.
.
UNIT - IV
Electrodics of multistep multi electron system: Rates of multi step electrode react ionsExamples
of multi electron react ions. But ler -Volmerequat ion for a multi step reaction. The concept of rate
determining step of an electrode react ion. Transfer coef f icients and stoichiometric number .
Electro-chemical react ion mechanisms Proposal of electro-chemical reaction mechanismsElectrochemical react ion order. Surface coverage-Rate expressions.Reduct ion of (i) I3 - and (ii)
Fe2+ . Dissolution of iron to iron(I I) . Over voltage and evolut ion of (i) oxygen and ( ii) hydrogen at
differentpH. Symmetry factors vs transfer coef f icients.
Reference:
1. J.O.M.Bockris and A.K.N.Reddy, Morden Electro chemistry vol.1 & 2, Plenum Press , New York
,1970.
2. S.Glasstone, Electro chemistry, Affiliated East-West Press, Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi, 1974.
3. L.Antropov , Theoretical Electro Chemistry, Mir Publications , Moscow , 1977.
49
CHE-PhD-3 PH 12
MOLECULAR AND STATISTICAL REACTION DYNAMICS AND SCATTERING
Unit-I
Statistical dynamics: Transition state Theory Thermodynamics formulation; micro-canonical and
variational transition state theory; flexible transition states. Unimolecular reaction dynamics, RRK and RRKM
models, thermal activation, density of state. State preparation and intra molecular vibration energy
distribution; stochastic master equation approach dynamical approaches to unimolecular reaction rates.
Unit-II
Electron transfer reactions, Marcus model. Statistical density operator for molecular states and the equations
of motion for chemical system; Chemical reactions in solutions, diffusion equation, Kramers and Grote
Hynes models. Quantum theory of reaction rates flux-flux correlation function approach. Kubo formalism
Quantum transition state theory.
Unit-III
Molecular dynamics: Potential energy surface, bimolecular reaction, elementary quantum dynamics.
Microscopic reversibility and detailed balance. Different forms for intermolecular potentials. Statistical
sampling for simulations. The Metropolis Monte Carlo method; finite difference methods such as verlet
algorithm and predictor-corrector methods. Introduction to quantum Monte Carlo.Procedure. Introduction to
time-correlation and autocorrelation functions.
Unit-IV
Molecular Scattering (elementary aspects only): Bimolecular collisions, collision number two-body classical
scattering. Cross sections, intermolecular potentials, import parameter principle of microscopic reversibility.
Quantum theory of scattering: particles in central potentials partial waves, Born approximation optical
theorem. Formal time independent scattering theory.The S matrix.The Lippmann Schwinger equation for
structureless particles.Rate of change of observables, collision rates in ensembles and the relaxation
equation. The wave (Moller) operator and time dependent collision theory, time reversal and reciprocity
Reference:
1. Steinfeld, J. I., Francisco, J.S. and W.L., Chemical Kinetics and Dynamics, Prentice Hall,
New Jersey, 1998.
2. Baer, T and Hase, W.L., Unimolecular Reaction Dynamics: Theory Experiments, Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 1996.
3. Allen, D.J. and Tildesley, M.P., Computer Simulation in Liquids, Oxford University Press ,
U.S.A., 1996.
4. Haile, J.M., Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Wiley, U.S.A., 1997.
5. Taylor, J.R., Scattering Theory: The Quantum Theory of Non-relativistic Collisions, Dover,
New York, 2006.
6. Levine, R.D., Molecular Reaction dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
7. Levine, R.D., Quantum Mechanics of Molecular Rate Processes, Dover, New York, 1999.
8. W.H. Miller, in Dynamics of Chemical Reactions, ed.R.E. Wyatt, Marcel-Dekker, U.S. A.,
1998.
50
CHE-PhD-3 PH 13
SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Unit I:
Adsorption and surface phenomenon:Physisorption and chemisorption , adsorption isotherms,
Langmuir and B. E. T.equation and significance in surface area determination, surface films, states
of insoluble films, L. B. films and their application, adsorption from solution, adsorption types,
surface excess concentration , Gibb's adsorption equation : derivation , significance and
experimental verification , catalytic activity of surfaces.
Unit II
Micelle: Surface activity, surface active agents and their classification, micellisation, critical micelle
concentration ( cmc) thermodynamics of micellisation , factors affecting cmc, methods of
determination of cmc , reverse micelle , solubisation of water insoluble organic substances , use of
surfactants in oil recovery ,
Unit III:
Emulsion:Types of emulsion, theories of emulsion and emulsion stability, identification of emulsion
types, inversion emulsion, microemulsion : theory and application , Unit IV: Liquid gas and liquid
interfaces: Surface tension, capillary action, methods of determination of surface tension,surface
tension across curved surfaces, vapor pressure of droplet ( Kelvin equation) , surface spreading ,
spreading coefficient, cohesion and adhesion energy,
Unit IV :
Solid - Solid interfaces : Surface energy of solids, adhesion and adsorption, sintering and sintering
mechanism, Tammann temperature and its importance, surface structure andsurface composition.
Reference:
1. Physical chemistry of surfaces: A. W. Adamson.
2. Theory of adsorption and catalysis by Alfred Clark ,
3. Chemisorption by B. M. W. Trapnell and H.O. Hayward.
4. Introduction to colloide and surface chemistry by D. J. Shaw.
5. Theories of chemical reaction rates by A. J. K. laidler
6. Surface chemistry by J. J. Bikermann
51
CHE-PhD-3 PH 14
CORROSION SCIENCE AND ENERGY ENGINEERING
UNIT I
Basic aspects of corrosion Importance of corrosion studies EMF and Galvanic series
Classification of corrosion theories of corrosion corrosion kinetics Pourbaix diagram for Fe H2O
system passivity theories of passivity, criteria for selecting metals exhibiting passivity oxidation of
metals high temperature corrosion. Forms of corrosion definition, factors and control methods of
various forms of corrosion such as pitting, inter granular, dezincification, stress corrosion, crevice
corrosion and corrosion fatigue, fretting corrosion, film form corrosion and erosion corrosion.
UNIT II
Environmental aspects and electrolytic factors Atmospheric corrosion classification, factors
influencing atmospheric corrosion temporary atmospheric corrosion preventive methods. Corrosion in
immersed condition effect of dissolved gases, salts, pH, temperature on the rate of flow of corrosion.
Underground corrosion corrosion process in soil, factors influencing soil corrosion. Biological and
marine corrosion definition, mechanism and control methods.
UNIT III
Energy Conversion Electrochemical energy conversion thermodynamic reversibility characteristic
and performance criteria battery terminology Gibbs equation EMF phenomena of polarization,
battery terminology energy density power density basic principles and criteria for selection of
anodes and cathodes different types of primary cells and secondary cells applications of primary and
secondary cells types of electrolytes aqueous, non-aqueous, molten salt and solid electrolytes.
UNIT-IV
Energy storage devices
Basic electrochemical reactions and performance characteristics of the following primary systems (1)
Laclancy dry cell (2) Metal air cells such as Zinc/air. Iron/air and Aluminium/air. (3) Button cells Zn
MnO2. Mercuric oxide cells and Lithium cells. (4) Solid electrolyte cells (5) Activated battery water
activated battery such as Mg/AgCl and Mg/CuCl systems, Lead-Acid, Ni-Cd, Ni-Fe, Ni-Metal hydride
and lithium ion batteries basic electrochemical reactions charge/discharge characteristics
electrode design and separators raw material characterizations components and assembly of cells.
Fuel cells Introduction types of fuel cells, advantages thermodynamics and efficiencies electro
catalysis of hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction porous electrodes. Types, current voltage
relationship limiting current density, mercury porosimetry.Various fuel cell systems alkaline,
phosphoric acid, molten carbonate, solid oxide and solid polymer fuel cell systems.
Reference:
1. D.Pletcher and F C Walsh, Industrial Electrochemistry, Vol II, Blakrid Academic Professional,
London, 1993.
2. D Jones, Principles and prevention of corrosion Macmillan Publications New York, 1992.
3. J JMeketta, Cathodic Protection Theory and practice, Marcel Dekker Publication, New York, 1993.
4. . S N Banerjee, An introduction to corrosion and corrosion inhibition, Oxonian Press Ltd., New Delhi.
5. L LShrier, Corrosion Vol I & II Goege Nouns Ltd., Southampton Street, London.
6. M G Fonlana& N D Greene, Corrosion Science and Engineering. McGraw Hill Book Co., New York.
52
CHE-PhD-4 AN 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
UNIT-I
Statistical Treatment of Analytical Data and Sampling: Limitations of analytical methods.
Classification of errors-systematic errors-sources, effects and their reduction.Random errorssources and distribution.Accuracy and precision.Measures of central tendency and
variability.Reliability of results-confidence interval.Comparision of results-Students t-test, comparing
the two means and standard deviations-F-test, t-test and paired t-test. Rejection of a result-Qtest.Number of replicate determinations. Control charts. Correlation and regression-correlation
coefficient, linear regression, errors in slope and intercept, error in the estimate of concentration.
Detection limits, Sampling and sample handling-representative sample, sample storage, sample
pretreatment and sample preparation. Hazards in sampling. Quality in analytical laboratories-quality
control and quality assurance,accreditation system.
UNIT-II
Gravimetric analysis: General principles, stoichiometry, calculation of results from gravimetric
data. Properties of precipitates. Nucleation and crystal growth, factors influencing completion of
precipitation. Co-precipitation and post-precipitation, purification and washing of precipitates.
Precipitation from homogeneous solution, a few common gravimetric determinations-chloride as
silver chloride, sulphate as barium sulphate, aluminum as the oxinate and nickel as dimethyl
glyoximate.
Acid base titrations: Principles of titrimetric analysis, titration curves for strong acid-strong base,
weak acid-strong base and weak base-strong acid titrations, poly protic acids, poly equivalent
bases, determining the equivalence point-theory of acid base indicators, colour change range of
indicator, selection of proper indicator.
Applications of acid-base titrations: Determination of nitrogen, sulphur, ammonium salts,
nitrates, and nitrites carbonates and bicarbonates, and organic functional groups like carboxylic
acid, sulphonic acid, amine, ester, hydroxyl, carboxyl groups, air pollutants like SO2.
Acid-base titrations in non-aqueous solvents: Role of solvent in Acid-base titrations, solvent
systems, differentiating ability of a solvent, some selected solvents, titrants and standards, titration
curves, effect of water, determining the equivalence point, typical applications-determination of
carboxylic acids, phenols and amines.
UNIT-III
Precipitation titrations: Titration curves, feasibility of precipitation titrations, factors affecting
shapetitrant and analyte concentration, completeness of the reaction, titrants and standards,
indicators for precipitation titrations involving silver nitrate the Volhard, the Mohr and the Fajans
methods, typical applications.
Unit-IV
Complexometric titrations: Complex formation reactions, stability of complexes,
stepwiseformation constants, chelating agents, EDTA-acidic properties, complexes with metal ions,
equilibrium calculations involving EDTA, conditional formation constants, derivation of EDTA
titration curves, effect of other complexing agents, factors affecting the shape of titration curvescompleteness of reaction, indicators for EDTA titrations-theory of common indicators, titration
methods employing EDTA-direct, back and displacement titrations, indirect determinations, titration
of mixtures,selectivity, masking and demasking agents, typical applications of EDTA titrations-
53
hardness of water, magnesium and aluminium in antacids, magnesium, manganese and zinc in a
mixture, titrations involving unidentate ligands-titration of chloride with Hg2+ and cyanide with Ag+.
Reference:
1. Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, Holler and Crouch 8th
edition, 2005, Saunders College Publishing, New York.
3. Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day and A.L. Underwood, 6th edition,1993 prentice Hall, Inc.
New Delhi.
4. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J. Mendham, R.C. Denney, J.D.
Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas, 6th edition, Third Indian Reprint.2003 Pearson Education Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.
54
CHE-PhD-4 AN 2
2. SEPARATION TECHNIQUES
UNIT-I
Solvent extraction: definition, types, principle and efficiency of extraction, sequence of
extractionprocess, factors affecting extraction-pH, oxidation state, modifiers, synergistic, masking
and salting outagents, techniques-batch and continuous extraction, applications.
Fundamentals of chromatography: General description, definition, terms and parameters used
inchromatography, classification of chromatographic methods, criteria for selection of stationary
andmobile phase-nature of adsorbents, factors influencing the adsorbents, nature and types of
mobilephases and stationary phases.
Elution chromatography: Theories-plate theory; rate theory, band broadening-eddy diffusion,
longitudinal diffusion and resistance to mass transfer, column efficiency-plate theory and rate
theoryapproach, Van Deemters equation and its modern version, optimization column
performance,interrelationships-capacity factor, selectivity factor, column resolution, distribution
constant andapplications of conventional column chromatography, advantages and limitations.
UNIT-II
Paper chromatography (PC): Definitions, theory and principle, techniques; one, twodimensionaland circular PC, mechanism of separation, structure of cellulose and types of paper,
methodologypreparationof sample, choice of solvents, location of spots and measurement of RF
value, factorsaffecting RF values, advantages and applications.
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC): Definition, mechanism, efficiency of TL plates,
methodologyselectionof stationary and mobile phases-preparation of plates, spotting, development,
identificationand detection, reproducibility of RF values, comparison of TLC with high performance
thin-layerchromatography, paper chromatography and column chromatography. Qualitative and
quantitativeanalysis.
Gas chromatography (GC): Principle, comparison of GSC and GLC, instrumentation
columnspackedand tubular, study of detectors-thermal conductivity, flame ionization, electron
capture andmass spectrometry, factors affecting separation, applications.
Unit-III
High
pressure
liquid
chromatography
(HPLC):
Apparatus,
pumps,
column
packing,characteristics of liquid chromatographic detectors-UV, IR, refractometer and fluorescence
detectors,advantages and applications.
Ion-exchange chromatography(IEC): Definitions, requirements for ion-exchange resin,
synthesisand types of ion-exchange resins, principle, basic features of ion-exchange reactions,
resin propertiesion-exchange capacity, resin selectivity and factors affecting the selectivity,
applications of IEC inpreparative, purification and recovery processes.
Exclusion chromatography: Theory and principle of size exclusion chromatography,experimental
techniques for gel-filtration chromatography (GFC) and gel-permeationchromatography (GPC),
materials for packing-factors governing column efficiency,methodology and applications.
UNIT-IV
Affinity chromatography: Definitions, separation mechanism-matrices, matrix activation, role
ofspacer arms and applications.
55
Ultracentrifugation:
Principle
sedimentation
constant,
sedimentation
equilibrium,
sedimentationvelocity, methodology and applications.
Capillary electrophoresis: Overview, types, the basis for electrphoretic separations, migration
ratesand plate heights, electroosmotic flow, instrumentation, capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary
gelelectrophoresis, capillary isoelectrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing.
Capillary electrochromatography: Packed column electrochromatography, micellarelectrokinetic
capillary chromatography and applications.
Supercritical fluid chromatography: Properties of supercritical fluids, instrumentation and
operatingvariables, comparison of supercritical to other types of chromatography,
applications.Supercritical fluid extraction: Advantages of supercritical fluid extraction,
instrumentation,
supercritical fluid choice, off-line and on-line extractions, typical applications of supercritical
fluidextraction.
Reference:
1. Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, Holler and Crouch
8th edition, 2005, Saunders College Publishing, New York.
3. Quantitative Analysis, R.A. Day and A.L. Underwood, 6th edition,1993 prentice
Hall, Inc. New Delhi.
4. Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, J. Mendham, R.C. Denney,
J.D. Barnes and M.J.K. Thomas, 6th edition, Third Inidan Reprint.2003 Pearson
Education Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
56
CHE-PhD-4 AN 3
ADVANCED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.
Unit-I
X-ray & neutron diffraction :
a) Fundamentals of x-ray diffraction: X-Ray Fluorescence method:- Principals-Characteristics xray emission.Instrumentation x-ray tube, Radioactive sources. Wavelength dispersive
instruments.Energy dispersive instruments. Analytical Applications-Qualitative Analysis-Quantitative
Analysis, Theory of x-ray diffraction, diffraction of x-rays by crystals, determination of crystal
Structure (powder as well as single crystals), Instrumentation, determination of lattice parameters,
x-ray intensity calculations and application of x-rays
b) Neutron diffraction: Introduction to neutron diffraction, theory, Instrumentation and application.
Unit-II
Mossbaur Spectroscopy :Introduction to Mossabaur effect, recoilless emission & absorption of xrays, Instrumentation, isomer shift, Quadrapole splitting and hyperfine interactions,
applicationofMossbaur effect to the investigations of compounds of iron and tin .
Hyphenated Techniques:-GC-MS, LC-MS, MS-MS (Tandem) Spectrometry, ICP-MS,
Unit-III
Laser Based Techniques :Atomic fluorescent spectrometry (AFS), Resonant ionisation
spectroscopy (RIS), Laser enhanced ionization (LEI). Principle types of transition tunable laser,
Classification of medium pumping and controlling mechanisms, Instrumentation detailing of various
gaseous, liquid and solid sources, cell, monochromators, detectors.
Atomic Emission Spectrometry (AES):Inductively coupled plasma ICP / AES and Flame
emission spectroscopy (FES). Sources electrical discharge, dc/ac arcs, spark laser microprobe,
qualitative and quantitative analysis, problems discussion .
Unit-IV
Imaging techniques including MRI :
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- principle, instrumentation, magnetic resonance angiography,
1H-nmr of relevant diamagnetic and paramagnetic compounds, contrast agents and clinical
applications.
Reference Books:
1. Elements of x-ray diffraction, B.DCullity, Addison Wisley, 1967.
2. Diffraction Method, Wormald, Oxford University, Press, 1973
3. Standard Method of Chemical Analysis IIIA6th end.
4. Neutron Scattering in Chemistry, Baun, G.E. Butleworth, London, 1971.
5. Mossbaur Spectroscopy, Greenwood N.N., Gibbs T.C., Chapmann Hall, 1971.
6. Chemical Application of Mossbaur Spectroscopy, Goldanski V.I &Harber R.H.,
Academic Press 1968.
7. Spectroscopy in Inorganic Compounds CNR Rao& Ferraro G.R., Academic Press,1970.
8. Basic Principles of Spectroscopy Cheney R.Mac Grows Hill, 1971.
9. Thermal Method, Wendlandt, W.W. John, Wiley, 1986.
10. Principles of Instrumental analysis, Skoog, III rdedn., Sounders, 1985/
11. MRI : Basic principles and applications, M. A. Brown, R. C. Semelka (1995).
57
CHE-PhD-4 AN 4
APPLIED ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Metal Analysis:Sampling, Analysis of steel and ferrous alloy: Carbon, silicon, manganese,
phosphorous, sulphur, selenium, copper, nickel, chromium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum,
cobalt, aluminium, titanium, nitrogen, lead, niobium, iron.
Section A: Surfactants and Detergents:
Introduction to different terms, Classification, Representative methods of Analysis.
Section B: Soil and fertilizer analysis:
Introduction to different terms, Classification, Representative methods of Analysis.
Unit-II
Chapter 3:Analysis of Agrochemicals:
Introduction, Classification, mechanism of action and synthesis.Insecticides : DDT, BHC,Aldrin,
Endosulfon, Malathion, Parathion. Herbicides : 2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid, dalapon, paraquat,
Banalin, Butacarb .Fungicides : Boardeaux mixture, Copper oxychloride, Zineb,, Benomyl(Benlte)
Analysis of pesticide residue and toxicological effects.
A] Chemical toxicology and metal toxicology : highly toxic solids, liquids and gases, biochemical
effects of toxic metals on man, mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, vanadium, chromium, cobalt,
asbestos, carcinogenic compounds poisoning, diagnosis, effects and treatment.
Unit-III
Effluent Analysis : Effluent treatment and legislation, characterization of waste water, classification
of effluents, waste watwer treatment processes and recycling, analysis of waste water, physical
methods of characterization, analysis of organic and inorganic pollutants, automation in effluents
analysis.
Forensic Analysis:Overview, Destructive and Nondestructive techniques, Data interpretation.
Blood Analysis: Blood preservation and ageing effects, Analysis of blood components and
exogenic substances, blood stain analysis.
DNA Profiling : DNA and its polymorphism, DNA typing procedures-RFLP, PCR, MVR-PCR, Dotblot, AMP-FLP, STR, other methods, paternity testing, applications, interpretation and practical use.
Unit-IV
Determination of alcohol in body fluids: Legal background, Sampling and sample preservation,
analysis-GC, IR, enzymatic and other methods.
Fingerprint analysis: Latent fingerprints; optical, physical, physico-chemical & chemical detection
methods; fingerprints in blood, fingerprint detection sequences.
Hair analysis: Structure and composition of hair, morphological examination, Chemical analysis of
hair components and components remaining on or in hair.
Systematic Drug Identification: Classification and categories of compounds involved, analytical
strategy-EMIT, FPIA, TLC, LC, GC-MS, etc., requirements for identification, possibilities &
limitations of selected techniques, isotope detection method with numericals, new drug groups.
References :
1. Forensic Chemistry by Suzanne Bell, Pearson Prentice Hall Publishers, 2006
2. Encyclopaedia of Analytical Chemistry, Volume 3, Academic Press, 1995
58
CHE-PhD-4 AN 5
SPECTROSCOPY
Unit-I
Electromagnetic Radiations: Introduction, nature and interaction of electromagnetic radiation,
classification of electromagnetic radiation, atomic and molecular transitions, selection rules, factors
influencing intensity and position of spectral lines.
Electronic Spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic and poly atomic molecules, types of
transition and their theoretical interpretation. Ligand field and charge transfer spectra, Beers law
Lamberts law. Beer-Lambert law, limitations; chromophores, auxochromes, effect of substituents on
position and intensity of an absorption band. Instrumentation, effect of solvent and structure on
max, prediction of max for polyenes, ,-unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones (Wood WardFiesers Rules), aromatic systems and their derivatives, application quantitative and qualitative,
spectrometric titrations, simultaneous determination of copper and a nickel in a mixture Pka value of
an indicator.
Unit-II
IR Spectroscopy: Theory, types and number of modes of vibrations, selection rules, group
frequencies and their dependence on chemical environment (bond order, conjugation, hydrogen
bonding, ring size, over tones, Fermi resonance, instrumentation, Interpretation of IR, application to
structural elucidation of simple molecules, effects of coordination and symmetry of the donor
molecules, effects of coordination and symmetry of donor molecules the IR spectra.
Flame Photometry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy:
Introduction, Principle, flames and flame spectra vibration of emission intensity with flames, flame
back ground, metallic spectra inflame, total consumption and premix burners, interferences, role of
temperature on absorption, atomic absorption spectroscopy, sources, hallow cathode lamp, line
sources, comparative study of AAS and flame spectroscopy; applications of AAS and Flame
photometry.
Luminescence Spectroscopy (Molecular Luminescence):
Introduction, Fluorescence and phosphorescence, excited states, deactivation processes, variable
that affect fluorescence and phosphorescence. Relation between intensity and concentration,
Instrumentation, Basic difference in the measurement of fluorescence and phosphorescence,
general scope of application, comparison of flourimetry and phosphometry, Flourescent indicators,
applications; flourimetric analysis of inorganic, organic, pharmaceutical and biological materials;
chemilumineacencess.
59
Unit-III
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Types of nuclei, (classical and quantum) relaxation
process-chemical shifts, mechanism of shielding, factors influencing chemical shifts, spin-spin coupling, rules
governing the interpretation of first order spectra, Low and high resolution NMR, Karplus equation, line
broadening, chemical exchange, Decoupling techniques, shift reagents, fluxional molecules, nuclear Over
Hauser effect, COSY-2D NMR, continuous wave and FT NMR, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Application to structure elucidation of simple organic molecules. Use of NMR in paramagnetic complexes,
FTNMR, C13 NMR-basic theory, natural abundance of C13 NMR, chemical shift, multiplicity of signal,
applications, NMR of solids.
Unit-IV
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy:
Basic principle, interaction between electron spin and magnetic field; Origin of spectral lines; intensity, width
and position of spectral lines; Relaxation process; multiplicity in ESR hyper fine splitting; g-value and factors
affecting; Rules for interpretation of spectra; zero field splitting and Krammers degeneracy, John-Tellers
distortion, isotropic and Anisotropic coupling constants; Nuclear quadrapole coupling interaction; spin
Hamiltonian, ESR spectra of radical containing a single set of equivalent protons-methyl, p-benzoquine
anion, cyclopentadienyl, benzene, cycloheptatrienyl anions; ESR spectra of transition metal complexes;
applications.
Mass Spectrometry:
Introduction, basic theory, instrumentation, mass spectrometer. Methods of generation of positive charged
ions, chemical ionization, fast atom bombardment (FAB), mass analyzers resolving power, molecular ion
peak, base peak, meta stable peak, modes of fragmentations, McLafferty rearrangement, Retro Diels Alder
reaction, ortho effect, structural elucidation of some organic compounds, negative ion mass spectrometry,
determination of appearance potential and ionization potential, determination of molecular weight and
molecular formulae, application of mass spectrometry in quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Reference:
1. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis R.D. Braun 1986.
2. Molecular structure and Spectroscopy G. Aruldas, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi.
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Skoog, Hollar and Niemann, Harcourt Asian Pvt ltd India, New
Delhi, 5th edition 1998.
4. Instrumental method of chemical analysis B.K. Sharma, Goel publishing House, Meerut 2000.
5. Instrumental method of analysis Willard, merit and Dean, 7th edition 1998.
6. Organic spectroscopy William Kemp, 3rd Edition ELBS 1991.
7. Organic spectroscopy Kalasi, Tata Mc.Graw Hill 1993.
8. Identification of organic compounds, Silerstain, Bessler and Morril. John Wiley and Sons, 5th edition
1991.
9. Element of magneto chemistry R.I. Duna and Symal, 2nd Edition, Affiliated, East-West press
Pvt.Ltd.
10. Nuclear Nagnetic Resonance, Basic principles, Atta-ur-Rahman, springer Verleg, New York, Inc.
1986.
60
CHE-PhD-4 AN 6
CHEMISTRY IN INDUSTRY
UNIT-I
Metal Carbides: Salt-like, covalent and interstitial carbides. Intercalation compounds of
graphite,alkali metals. Industrially important reactions of oxides with carbon.
Silicone polymers: Introduction, nature of chemical bonds containing silicon, general methods
ofpreparation (fluids and resins) and properties of silicones. Applications.Industrial uses of
silicon,silicon carbide and silicon dioxide.
Mica, Clay and zeolites Structures and applications. Uses of asbestos.Aluminium alloys-Uses.
UNIT II
Chemical reactivity and group trends of germanium, tin and lead Applications. Metallic tin
andalloys, lead alloys and oxides of lead.
Industrial production and uses of ammonia and hydrazine.Sulphides and oxoacids of
phosphorous.Applications.Phosphonitrile polymers and phosphazenes.
Nitrides of sulphur: (SN)2 and (SN)4 preparation, properties, structure and applications.
Unit-III
Sulphides of the metallic elements: General considerations, structural chemistry of metal
sulphides,sodium-sulphur batteries and dry batteries. Constituent of paints and types of
pigments.TiO2 as apigment. Bronze paints.
Ceramics: Raw materials used in ceramics and ceramic insulators.
UNIT IV
Compounds of arsenic, antimony and Bismuth: Intermetallic compounds and alloys and their
uses.
Catalytic applications: Alkene and alkyne complexes. Role of metals in photography and
xerography.Monsanto acetic acid process and Monsanto L-Dopa synthesis.
Selected examples of magnetic materials, their structures and properties:
Metals
and
alloys.Transition
metal
oxides,
spinels,
garnets,
ilmenites
and
perovskites.Magnetoplumbites.
Applications: Transformer cores, information storage, permanent magnets.
Solid state layers: The ruby laser and neodymium lasers.
Reference:
1. Chemistry of the elements N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw, Pergamon press,
1985
2. Inorganic chemistry J.E. Huheey.
3. Inorganic polymers G.R. Chatwal, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Solid state chemistry and its applications- A.R.West. John Wiley and Sons.
61
CHE-PhD-4 AN 7
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY
UNIT-I
Air pollution, analysis and control: Historical overview-global implications of air pollution, sources
of pollutants, classification of pollutants. Sources and effects of particulates, carbonmonoxide,
sulphur oxides, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and photochemical oxidants on human health,
vegetation and materials.Standards for air pollutants.
Air quality monitoring: Sampling methods and devices for particulates and gaseous
pollutants.SO2: ambient air measurements and stack gas measurements-Turbidimetric,colorimetric,
conductometric and coulometric methods. NOX: Griess-ilosvay and Jacobs-Hockheiser colorimetric
methods, chemiluminiscent technique. CO: NDIR, amperometric, FID and catalytic oxidation
methods. Hydrocarbons: total and individual hydrocarbons by gas chromatography. Oxidants and
ozone: colorimetric ,coulometric, titrimetric,andchemiluminescence methods.
Unit-II
Air Pollution control: Atmospheric cleaning processes, approaches to contaminant controldetection and control at source.
Control devices for particulates: Gravitational settlers, centrifugal collectors, wet collectors,
electrostatic precipitation and fabric filtration.
Control devices for gaseous pollutants: adsorption, absorption ,condensation and combustion
processes. Automative emission control-catalytic converters.
UNIT-III
Water pollution and analysis: Water resources, origin of wastewater, types of water pollutants of
their sources and effects, chemical analysis for water pollution control-objectives of analysis,
parameters of analysis, sample collection and preservation. Environmental and public health
significance and measurement of colour, turbidity, total solids, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, chloride,
residual chlorine, chlorine demand, sulphate, fluoride, phosphates, and different forms of nitrogen in
natural and waste/polluted waters, heavy metal pollution-public health significance of Pb, Cd, Cr,
Hg, As, Cu, Zn and Mn, general survey of the instrumental techniques for the analysis of heavy
metals in aquatic systems, organic loadings-significance and measurement of DO, BOD, COD,
TOD, and TOC, phenols, pesticides, surfactants and tannin and, lignin as water pollutants and their
determination.
UNIT-IV
Waste water treatment: Waste water characteristics, effluentstandards, terminology in waste water
treatment. Treatment of domestic waste water-preliminary treatment.
Primary treatment: sedimentation, equalization,neutralization.
Secondary treatment: aerated lagoons, trickling filters, activated sludge process, oxidation ditch,
oxidation pond and anaerobic digestion. Sludge treatment and disposal.
Tertiary treatment: evaporation, ion-exchange, adsorption, electrodialysis, electrolytic recovery and
reverse osmosis.
Advanced waste water treatment: Nutrient removal-nitrogen and phosphorus removal, solids
removal. Waste water disposal and re use. Industrial waste water and its treatment.
Soil Analysis: Inorganic and organic components of soil, collection and preparation of soil samples
for analysis. Measurement of soil pH and conductivity. Determination of organic carbon, total
nitrogen, available nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. Available
phosphorus and sulphur-their determination.Analysis of soil for sodium, potassium and calcium and
62
magnesium.Micronutrient elements and their analysis.Pesticide residues in soil, their separation and
determination.
Reference:
1. Standard Methods of chemical Analysis, A.J.Weleher(part B), Robert E.Kriegor
Publishing Co.USA, 1975.
2. Environmental chemistry, S.E. Manahan Willard grant press, London, 1983.
3. Environmental chemical Analysis, Iain L Marr and Malcolm S. Cresser, Blackie and
Son, ltd, London, 1983.
4. Chemistry for environmental engineering, Chair N. Sawyer and Perry L. M Canty,
Mcgraw Hill Book, Co., Newyork 1975.
5. The Air Pollution Hand Book, Richard Mabey, Penguin, 1978.
6. The pollution Hand Book, Richard Mabey, Ponguin 1978.
7. Soil Chemical Analysis, M.L.Jackson, Prentice Hall of India pvt, ltd., New Delhi,1973.
8. Experiments in environmental chemistry,P.D.Vowler, and D.W.Counel, Pergamon press,
Oxford 1980.
9. Manual Soil Laboratory Testing-vol I, K.H. Head, Pentech Press, London 1980.
10. A Text Book of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control., S.S. Dara, S.Chand and
co. Ltd. New Delhi 2004.
11. Air pollution Vol II edn. by A.C. Stern, Academic Press Newyork, 1968.
12. Instrumental Methods for automatic air monitoring systems in Air Pollution Control, PartIII edn by W.Stranss, John-wiley and sons, New york, 1978.
13. Analysis of Air pollutants, P.O.Warner, John Wiley and sons, New York, 1976.
14. The Chemical Analysis Air pollutants, Interscience, New York, 1960.
15. The Analysis of air pollutants, W.Liethe, Ann Arbor Science Pub.Inc. Michigan 1970.
16. Environmental chemistry, A. K. De.
63
CHE-PhD-4 AN 8
ADVANCED OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
Unit-I
Overview of basic concepts: Light-matter interaction, Einstein coefficients, introduction to lasers,
transition dipole moment, selection rules for electronic transitions, Jablonskii diagram, fluorescence
and phosphorescence, kinetics of unimolecular and bimolecular processes.
Unit-II
Advanced concepts: Theory of nonradiative transitions, spin-orbit coupling and singlet-triplet
transitions, polarized light absorption and emission: fluorescence anisotropy, solvation dynamics,
energetics and dynamics of bimolecular processes like excimer and exciplex formation, resonance
energy transfer, mechanisms of fluorescence quenching, introduction to non-linear spectroscopy.
Unit-III
Techniques and instrumentation: Uv-Vis spectrophotometry, steady-state fluorimetry, lasers as
excitation sources, time-resolved fluorimetry, transient absorption spectroscopy, surface plasmon
spectroscopy, evanescent wave spectroscopy, multiphoton spectroscopy, single-molecule
spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
Unit-IV
Applications: Microscopy (optical, phase-contrast, confocal, FLIM). Applications in biology and
analytical chemistry.
Reference:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Modern Spectroscopy, J M Hollas, John Wiley & Sons, 4thEdn, 2004

Modern Optical Spectroscopy, William W Parson, Springer, Student Edn, 2009
Fundamentals of Photochemistry, K KRohatgi-Mukhejee, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1992
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, J R Lakowicz, Springer, 3rdEdn, 2006
Laser Spectroscopy- Basic concepts and instrumentation W. Demtroder (Springer 3rd
edition, 2004) .
64
CHE-PhD-4 AN 9
CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTHS ATMOSPHERE
Unit-I
Introduction to the Earths Atmosphere: Evaluation of the Earths atmosphere Layers of atmosphere
Pressure and Temperature variations Scaling of atmospheric processes.
Role of Chemical Compounds on Ozone budget:Chemical composition of the Earths atmosphere
Compounds containing Sulfur, Nitrogen, Carbon, Halogens Atmospheric Ozone Ozone loss role of the
chemical compounds Atmospheric lifetimes Theories Determination of the lifetimes Laser Induced
Fluorescence Studies (LIF measurements) Cavity Ring Down method; Radicals in the Earths atmosphere
Ozone generation Global warming Global Warming Potential (GWP) Ozone Depletion Potential
(ODP)
Unit-II
Chemistry of Troposphere and Stratosphere:Troposphere Chemistry of hydroxyl radicals Photochemical
cycles of NO2, NO and O3 Chemistry of NOx and carbon monoxide Methane Tropospheric reservoir
molecules H2O2, CH3OOH, HONO, PAN, Role of VOC and NOx in the ozone formation Chemistry of
VOCs sulfur compounds nitrogen compounds;
Stratosphere Chapman mechanism HOx cycle Halogen cycles Antarctic ozone hole Polar
stratospheric clouds Heterogeneous stratospheric chemistry Global sulfur and carbon cycles Role of
H2O in both troposphere and the stratosphere.
Unit-III
Atmospheric Radiation and Photochemistry:Radiation Terrestrial and solar radiation Energy balance for
Earth and Atmosphere Radiative flux Actinic flux; Photochemistry Absorption of radiation by
atmospheric gases Absorption by O2 and O3 Photolysis rate as a function of altitude Photodissociation
of O3, NO2.
Unit-IV
Aerosols and Other Physical Processes: Aerosols formation Size distribution Chemical composition
thermodynamics of aerosols; Nucleation Classical theory of homogeneous nucleation Experimental
measurement of nucleation rates heterogeneous nucleation; Wet and dry deposition.
Reference:
1. Atmospheric chemistry and Physics by John H. Seinfeld, Spyros N. Pandis; Second edition,
John Wiley, 1997.
2. Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry by Daniel J. Jacob, Princeton University Press, 1999.
3. Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry by Peter V. Hobbs, Cambridge University Press, 1st
edition, 2000.
65
CHE-PhD-4 AN 10
MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Unit -I
Introduction
Concept of drug, lead compound and lead modification, prodrugs and soft drugs; Structureactivityrelationship
(SAR), quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR); Factorsaffecting bioactivity resonance, inductive
effect, isosterism, bio-isosterism, spatialconsiderations; Theories of drug activity occupancy theory, rate
theory, induced fit theoryConcept of drug receptors elementary treatment of drug-receptor interactions;
Physicochemical
parameters lipophilicity, partition coefficient, electronic ionization constants, steric,Shelton and surface
activity parameters and redox potentials; Factors affecting modes of drugadministration, absorption,
metabolism and elimination; Significance of drug meta-bolism inmedicinal chemistry.
Unit-II
Antibiotics
Cell wall biosynthesis, inhibitors of -lactam rings, antibiotics inhibiting protein synthesis;Isolation, structure
elucidation, synthesis, SAR and mode of action of penicillins; Synthesis ofpenicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin,
amoxicillin and cephalosporin.Isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, SAR and mode of action of following
antibiotics:streptomycin, tetracyclines and chloroamphanicol.
Unit-III
Drug Types - I
(a) Antineoplastic drugs: Cancer chemotherapy, role of alkylating agents and antimetabolites in
the treatment of cancer; Carcinolytic antibiotics and mitotic inhibitors; Synthesis of mechlorethamine,
melphalan, 5-bromouracil and 6-mercaptopurine; Anticancer action of cisplatin and taxol.
(b) Cardiovascular drug: Classification, synthesis and mode of action of quinidine, verapamil,
methyldopa and buphenine. (c) Hypnotics and sedatives: SAR and mode of action; Synthesis of diazepam,
oxazepam, chlorazepam, alprazolam, barbiturates, thiopental sodium. (d) Local anaesthetics: Classification,
SAR and mode of action; Synthesis of procaine, -eucaine
and -eucaine, xylocaine, cinchocaine and quinisocaine.
Unit-IV
Drug Types - II
(a) Antiinfective drugs: Mode of action and synthesis of sulphonamides, furazolidone, ciprofloxacin,
norfloxacin, daspone, isoniazide.
(b) Antipyretic Analgesics: Classification and mode of action of antipyretic analgesics;
Synthesis of paracetamol, chincophan, Novalgin and mefenamic acid.
(c) Antihistamines: SAR and mode of action of H1-receptor antagonists; Synthesis of bromazine,
mepyramine, methapyriline, antazoline, promethazine and phenindamine. (d) Antimalarial drug: Nitrogen
heterocycles as antimalarial agents, their classification and mode of action, synthesis of chloroquine,
pamaquine, primaquine, Mepacrine and pyrimethamine. Introductory idea on Artemisinin, artemether and
arteether.
Reference:
1. Burger. Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Vol-1, Ed. M. E. Wolff, John Wiley
(1994).
2. Goodman & Gilman. Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, McGraw-HilI (2005).
3. S. S. Pandeya& J. R. Dimmock.Introduction to Drug Design, New Age International.(2000).
4. D. Lednicer. Strategies for Organic Drug Synthesis and Design, John Wiley (1998).
5. Graham & Patrick. Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry (3rd edn.), OUP (2005).
66
CHE-PhD-4 AN 11
FOOD CHEMISTRY
Unit-I :
Classification, Chemical composition and nutritional value ofcommon food stuffs, properties of
foodsFood preservation and processing: Food deterioration, methods ofpreservation and
processing by heat, cold, chill storage, deep freezing,drying, concentration, fermentation and
radiation.Food quality: Sensory evaluation, objective methods, non-nutritionalconstituents and food
safety.
Unit-II :
Permitted food additives and their role: Antioxidants, colouringagents, flavours, emulsifirs, curating
agents, non-nutritivesweeteners, flour improvers, leavening agents, stabilizers, thickeners' and
preservatives.
Unit-III :
Pigments and colours (brief study): Chlorophylls, myoglobin andhaemoglobin, anthocyanins,
flavonoids, tannins, betalains, quinones,xanthones, carotenoids.Unit-IV : Vitamins: Classification,
ftmctions requirements, distribution infoods, loss during processing, effects of deficiency and
characteristicproperties of vitamins - Bi( Thiamine), B2(Riboflavin),B3 (Pantothenic acid ),Be
(pyridoxine),B12 ( Cyanocobalamine),H(Biotin), P( Rutin ) C( ascorbic acid ) A( Retinol) D
(Calciferol),E ( Tocopherol) K( naphthoquinone), Folic acid (PGA) and Niacin.
Unit-IV
Carbohydrates: Classification, reactions of simple sugars; Oxidation, reduction, condensation with
phenyl hydrazine, action of alkalies, action of acids, formation of esters, formation of coloured
products. Function of sugars in foods - Browning reaction(non-enzymic). Polysaccharides: Brief
study of the chemistry - starch dextrin, glycogen, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums.
sweetness of sugars, relation of structure to sweetness.
Carbohydrate metabolism: Interconversion of hexoses in liver, ' .anaerobic metabolism of glucose ,
krebs citric acid cycle, glyoxalate cycle, pentose phosphate path way.
Reference:
1. Food Chemistry by L.W. Aurand and A.E. woods the AVI Publising Inc.
2. Food Chemistry by L.H. Meyer, Affliated East- West press Ltd, New Delhi.
3. Foods- Facts and principles by N. ShakuntalaManay, M. ShdaksharaSwamy.
4. Principles of Food Chemistry by John M. deMan.
5. Principles of Food Science, Part I,Food Chemistry edited by Owen R.
6. Fennama ,Mareal Dekker, Inc., New York.
7. Hand book of Food and Nutrition by M. Swaminathan .
67
CHE-PhD-4 AN 12
POLYMER CHEMISTRY
Unit-I
Introduction: Monomers, repeat units, degree of Polymerization, Linear , branched and network
Polymers.Condensation Polymerization :Mechanism of stepwise polymerisation .Kinetics and statistics of
linear stepwise polymerization.Addition polymerization :Free radical , cationic and anionic polymerization.
Polymerization conditions.Polymerization in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems.
Unit- II:
Polymerization: Kinetics, mono and bimetallic mechanism of co-ordination polymers.. Co-Polymerization :
Block and graft co-polymers, Kinetics of copolymerization. Types of co-polymerization.Evaluation of
monomer.Reactivity ratio.Rate of Co-Polymerization.
Unit- III:
Molecular Weight and Properitie:Polydispersion average molecular weight concept, number ,weight and
viscosity average molecular weights. Measurement of molecular weights.Gel permeation chromatography,
viscosity, light scattering, osmotic and ultracentrifugation methods. Polymer structure and physical properities
crystalline melting point Tm .The glass transition temperature. Determination of Tg. Relationship between Tm
andTg .
UNIT IV
Polymer Processin: Plastics, elastomers and fibres. Compounding processing techniques :calendering, die
casting , rotational casting, film casting , injection moulding, blow moulding extrusion moulding,
thermoforming, foaming , reinforcing and fibre spinning.
Properties of Commercial Polymers: Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyamides, polyesters, phenolic
resins, epoxy resins and silicone polymers. Functional polymers Fire retarding polymers and electrically
conducting polymers. Biomedical polymers contact lens, dental polymers, artificial heart, kidney, skin and
blood cells.
SpecialityPolymers :Solid Polymer electrolytes (SPE). Block copolymers. Polymer colloids.Inter-penetrating
network (IPN) polymers. Biomedical polymers
Reference:
rd
1. F.W. Billmeyer, Jr., Text Book of Polymer Science, 3 edition (1984), Wiley-Interscience, New York.
rd
2. G. Odien, Principles of Polymerization, 3 edition (1991) John Wiley & Sons, Singapore.
3. P. Bahadur and N.V. Sastry, Principles of Polymer Science, (2002) Narosa, New Delhi.
68
CHE-PhD-4 AN 13
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IN AGRO, FOOD AND
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES.
Unit I
Analysis of soil, Fuel, Body Fluids and Drugs Analysis of soil: Moister, pH, total nitrogen,
phosphorous, silica, lime, Magnesia, Manganese, sulfur & alkali salts. Food analysis: Solid, liquid
and Gas , ultimate and proximate analysis heating values , grading of cool , liquid fuels , flasks
points , aniline point , octane number and carbon residue , gaseous fuels producer gas and water
gas calorific value.
UNIT-II
Clinical Chemistry: Composition of blood collection, and preparation of samples, clinical analysis
serum electrolytes, blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen , uric acid , albumin , globulin , barbiturates ,
acidic and alkaline phosphates , Immunoassay , principals of radiimmunoassry, , and applications .
The blood gas analysis trace elements in the body.Drug analysis: Narcotics and dangerous drugs,
classification of drugs, screening by gas m thin layer chromatography and spectrophotometric
analysis.
Unit III:
Food analysis :Moister, ash, crude protein, fat, crud fiber, carbohydrate, calcium, potassium,
sodium, and phosphates, food adulteration common adulteration in food, contamination of food
stuffs, microscopic examination of foods for adulterants, Pesticide analysis in food products,
Bxdraction and purification of sample, HPLC, gas chromatography for organo phosphates, thin
layer chromatography for identification of chlorinated pesticides in food products
Unit IV:
Fluorescence in Biological, Medical and Drug Development Fluorescence instrumentation for
analysis, flurophare and their modification , pH indicators , membrane potential probes , lipid
membrane protein labeling of protein and DNA.
Reference:
1. Fundamentals of analytical chemistry by D. A. Skuog , D. M. West and F. J. Honer,
W. B. Saunders.
2. Chromic phenomenon , The Technological application of color chemistry Peter
Bamfield .
69
CHE-PhD-4 AN 14
ADVANCED NANO TECHNOLOGY
Unit-I
Introduction to Nanoscience
Introduction to Nanoscience; History and Scope, Interdisciplinary nature, Structure of
nanomaterials,Length scales de Broglie wavelength &exciton Bohr radius, jellium model, Quantum
wells, quantum wires,quantum dots, fullerenes, graphite, carbon nanotubes, inorganic nanowires,
nanoparticles, core-shellnanoparticles. Applications to Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS),
Nano-optoelectronic materials anddevices, medicine and pharmacology applications, thin-films,
nanoscale devices Transistors, FETs,quantum dots lasers and others.One Dimensional Nanostructures, Nano wires and nano rods, Spontaneous growth: Evaporation and condensation growth,
vapor-liquid-solid growth, stress induced recrystallization. Template based synthesis:
Electrochemical deposition, Electro-phoretic deposition. Electrospinning and Lithography.
Two dimensional nano-structures, Fundamentals of film growth. Physical vapourDepostion(PVD):
Ebvaporation molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), Sputtering, Comparison of Evaporation and
sputtering. Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD): Typical chemical reactions, Reaction kinetics,
transportant phenomena, CVD methods, diamond films by CVD
Unit-II
Nanomaterials and composites
Introduction, Nylon 6-clay hybrid (NCH) - Synthesis, Characterization; Epoxy nanocomposites,
Epoxylayered silicate nanocomposites, Epoxy-nanocomposites based on other nanofillers, Ternary
epoxy nanocomposite systems, Biodegradable polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites,
Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite technology, structure-property relationships, olypropylene
layered silicate nanocomposites, Polystyrene/clay nanocomposites, Organically modified clay,
polystyrene/clay nanocomposite, Poly(ethyl acrylate)/bentonitenanocomposites, Nanocomposites
based on water soluble polymers, Rubber-clay nanocomposites, Flammability and thermal stability
of nanocomposites, Barrier properties of nanocomposites, Nanotubes, nanoparticles and inorganicorganic hybrid systems, Single-walled carbon nanotubes in epoxy, Fullerene/carbon nanotube
(CNT) composites, Filled polymer nanocomposites containing functionalized nanoparticles,
Magnetic polymer nanocomposites, Polymer/graphite
nanocomposites, Wear resisting polymer nanocomposites.
Unit-III
Nanomagnetic Materials
Basics of ferromagnetism, Effect of bulk structuring of Magnetic properties, Dynamics of
Nanomagnets,Nanopore containment of magnetic properties, Nanocarbonferromagnets, Giant
Magnetoresistance, Colossal magnetoresistance, Applications in data storage, Feerofluids, Band
structure in magnetic fields,Parallel and perpendicular field, Magnetic susceptibilities, Disorder
order transformations, Superparamagnetism, Effect of grain-size, Magneto-transport, Fermis
golden rule and mean free path, Ballistic vs. diffusive regimes, Persistent currents, Magnetization,
Ferroelectrics, Electronic Properties and Quantum Effects, Magneto-electronics:Magnetism and
Magnetotransport in Layered Structures, Magnetooptics.
70
Thin films, Atomic layer deposition (ALD), Electrochemical deposition (ECD), Sol-Gel films. Special
Nano Materials, Carbon fullerence and nano tubes: carbon fullerness ,formation, properties and
applications. Carbon nano tubes: formation and applications
Unit-IV
Surface Science with Nanomaterials:
Scanning-tunnelling microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, magnetic-force microscopy (MFM),
scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM), etc. Important technical aspects: electronics,
vibration-isolation, actuators and motors for nanodisplacements, etc. Applications: microscopy,
spectroscopy, tribology and atomic manipulation. Nanotribology and Nanomechanics, AFM/FFM
and Various Measurement Techniques, Friction and Adhesion, Friction Force Microscopy in UltraHigh Vacuum, The Tomlinson Model, Thermal Effects on Atomic Friction, Wear on the Atomic
Scale, Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Atomic Friction and Wear, Surface Forces and
Nanorheology, Types of Surface Forces, Methods Used to StudySurface Forces, Normal Forces
Between Dry (Unlubricated) Surfaces, Normal Forces Between Surfaces in Liquids, Adhesion and
Capillary Forces, Self-Assembled Monolayers.
Reference:
1. Nanomaterials AK Bandyopadhyay, Newage International (p) limited publishers.
2. Nanomaterials- J Dutta and H Hofmann
3. Nanostructured materials processing, properties and applications- Carl C Koch,
Jaico publishing house.
4. Nanotechnology- William Illsey Atkinson, Jaico publishing house.
71

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Index of Ph.

D Course work syllabus

Fundamentals of chemical analysis

Industrial inorganic chemistry

Advanced inorganic chemistry

Selected topics in inorganic chemistry

Chemistry of inorganic materials

Inorganic clusters and supra molecular

Physical methods in inorganic chemistry

Group theory and applied inorganic

Index of Ph.D Course work syllabus

Organic chemistry stereochemistry and reaction

Organic reactions and mechanism

Carbohydrates and peptides

Advanced organic chemistry

Advanced organic synthesis

Drug and heterocyclic chemistry

Bio organic chemistry

Chemistry of natural products

Conceptiual organic chemistry

Organic industrial analysis

Index of Ph.D Course work syllabus

Principles of physical chemistry

Applied physical chemistry and chemical

Solid state chemistry

Equilibrium and statistical thermodynamics

Surface, interfaces, dispersed systems and

Principles of quantum mechanics

Nuclear and radio chemistry

Molecular and statistical reaction dynamics

Corrosion science and energy engineering

Index of Ph.D Course work syllabus

Fundamentals of chemical analysis

Advanced analytical chemistry.

Applied analytical chemistry

Advanced optical spectroscopy

Chemistry of the earths atmosphere

Chemical analysis in agro, food

Advanced nano technology

13) M. C. Day and J. Selbin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry, Reinhold, EWAP

standards,titration curves, effect of water, determining the

2. C.N.R. Rao, Solid State Chemistry : Dekker

Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA): Definition, therotical basis of DTA,instrumentation of DTA

3. Concept and application of Group theory by KishorArroraAnmol publications Pvt.Ltd., New

1. I. L. Finar, Organic Chemistry, ELBS Longmann, Vol. I & II, 1984.

Advanced Stereochemistry:Prochirality: Homotopic, Enantiotopic and Diastereotopic atoms, groups and

Spectroscopy: Theory, Pulse

equation Classiussclapeyron equation partial molar quantities- Chemical potential

Gibbs Duhem equation-partial molar volume- determination of fugacity- Thermodynamics

and its determination Activity coefficients Determination by EMF

Physical chemistry P.W. Atkins,

A.W. Adamson, A.P. Gast, Physical chemistry of surfaces, Wiley, 1997.

D. A. McQuarrie, Quantum Chemistry, University Science Books, 1983.

Modern Spectroscopy, J M Hollas, John Wiley & Sons, 4thEdn, 2004

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