Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FE Handbook
FE Handbook
VITEC
NHT BN
THNG TIN V H TR O TO
FE HANDBOOK
S TAY N LUYN FE
HIRATSUKA Ryozo
H Ni 7-2005
1
MC LC
Li ni u
Phn bui sng
Phn loi ni dung .. 4
Cu hi v d .. 6
p n v gii thch 56
Phn bui chiu
Phn loi ni dung . 109
Cu hi v d .. 110
p n v gii thch 119
FE HANDBOOK
(MORNING QUESTIONS)
S TAY N LUYN FE
(Cu hi bui sng)
HIRATSUKA Ryozo
H Ni 7-2005
3
Mc lc
1-1-1
1-1-2
1-2-1
Cu trc d liu
1-2-2
Gii thut
2-1-1
2-1-2
Kin trc b x l
2-1-3
Kin trc b nh
2-1-4
B nh ph (ngoi)
2-1-5
2-1-6
2-1-7
H thng nhng
2-2-1
Cc h iu hnh
2-2-2
Qun l tp
2-3-1
kin thit
2-3-2
2-3-3
4. Cc ng dng h thng
2-4-1
3-1-1
Ngn ng
2-1-2
Gi phn mm
3-1-3
3-1-4
3-1-5
My tnh
2. Cu trc d liu v gii thut
2. H thng my
1.Phn cng
tnh
2.Phn mm c bn
3. Pht trin v vn
hnh h thng
3-1-6
4. Cng ngh
mng
5. Cng ngh
CSDL
3-1-7
3-1-8
3-2-1
Vn hnh h thng
3-2-2
Bo tr h thng
4-1-1
4-1-2
M ho v truyn tin
4-1-3
4-1-4
4-1-5
Phn mm mng
5-1-1
Cc m hnh CSDL
5-1-2
Ngn ng CSDL
5-1-3
Qun tr CSDL
6. An ninh v
1.An ninh
6-1-1
An ninh
6-1-2
Qun l ri ro
6-1-3
Hng dn
6-2-1
6-2-2
6-2-3
Chun ho v d liu
6-2-4
Cc t chc ha
7-1-1
7-1-2
Chin lc tin hc ha
7-2-1
K ton ti chnh
7-2-2
K ton qun l
7-3-1
7-4-1
7-4-2
H thng k ngh
7-4-3
5. Cc iu lut v quy nh c
7-5-1
lin quan
7-5-2
Quyn s hu tr tu
7-5-3
Ngi lao ng
7-5-4
Giao dch
7-5-5
7-5-6
chun ho
2.Chun ha
7. Tin hc ho v
qun l
2.K ton
CU HI
+21
+(1.101)10 x 212
A
Pht sinh nhim
E
Trng thi sn sng
Trng thi
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Thay i v tr con tr
Fragmentation (phn mnh)
Defragmentation (kh phn mnh)
Synonym (ng ngha)
Dead lock (Kha cht)
Gabbage (thng rc)
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
10
E. 9
B. 4
C. 6
D. 9
E.12
12
19
13
17
14
30
A. A+ B x C D E F
B. (A + B x C) (D - (E - F))
C. (A + B) x C (D - E) F
D. (A + B) x C D - (E - F)
E. A + (B x C) (D - E) F
Cu 17: 1-2-2 Gii thut
Tin hnh sp xp trong my tnh bng thut ton sp xp ni bt (bubble sort), th 1000
d liu mt 1 giy. Nu sp xp 5000 d liu tng t th phi mt bao nhiu lu?
A. 1.5 giy
B. 5 giy
11
C. 10 giy
D. 25 giy
E. 125 giy
Cu 18: 1-2-2 Gii thut
Cn sp xp cc d liu di y theo th t tng dn. Trong phng php Basic
Exchange Method (bubble sort), vic thc hin chuyn i v tr ca d liu pht sinh bao
nhiu ln?
Ch s di
D liu
15
11
12
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
5 ln
6 ln
7 ln
8 ln
9 ln
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
X
Y
C.
HA
X
Y
Z
D.
X
Y
FA
Z
13
Ni dung
Gii m
(decode)
Tm np
Thc hin
(operation)
Gii m
Thc hin
Tm np
Gii m
Thc hin
Tm np
Gii m
14
Thc hin
chn hai p n.
A. Cache memory (B nh m n)
B. VLIW
C. ng ng lnh
D. Dch ti u
E. Super scalar architecture (Kin trc siu v hng)
Cu 33: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh
B (byte) l n v th hin ln v d liu x l trong my tnh, 1B = 8bit. Vy, 0.5GB
bng khong bao nhiu bit?
A 3,200,000 bit
B
50,000,000 bit
C
3,200,000,000 bit
D
4,000,000,000 bit
E
5,000,000,000 bit
Cu 34: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh
Vi nhng iu kin di y, thi gian bnh qun truy cp vo b nh ca CPU l bao
nhiu lu?
T l truy cp b nh m n (cache memory) = 0.7
Thi gian truy cp vo b nh m n Tc = 10ns
Thi gian truy cp vo b nh chnh Tm = 50ns
A. 22ns
B. 34ns
C. 40ns
D. 46ns
E. 70ns
Cu 35: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh
B nh t nm gia b x l v b nh chnh, c tc dng gim bt s chnh lch v tc
gia hai thit b trn l thit b no di y?
A. Thanh ghi
B. B nh m n
C. B nh ngoi
D. B m a
E. Knh ni b (internal bus)
Cu 36: 2-1-3 Kin trc b nh
Cc b nh bn dn, ty theo mc ch s dng v c tnh, c chia lm mt s loi
khc nhau. Loi thit b m ngay c khi b ngt in ngun, d liu vn khng b mt v
16
Chng trnh A
Chng trnh A
Chng trnh B
Chng trnh B
Vng khng s dng
Vng khng s dng
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Lm gn b nh (memory compaction)
Kh phn mnh (defragmentation)
Gch cho (Thrashing)
Tro i (swapping)
Phn mnh (Fragmentation)
28000 bytes
500 bytes
iu kin ca d liu lu tr
di bn ghi
400 bytes
10
A. 40
B. 60
C. 80
D. 100
E. 120
20000
Tc quay (vng/pht)
3200
di bn ghi (bytes)
1000
B. 15 mili giy
E.7,5 mili giy
8 mili giy
Tc khng
i
Tc khng
i
Tc khng
i
Gim
Tng
Gim
Tng
tc
tc
tc
tc
Dng
Thi gian
A. Bn ghi vt l
B. EOT
C. Bn ghi lgc
D. BOT
E. IBG
lung d liu
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lung iu khin
B nh
B x l
Thit b ra
B s hc
B iu khin
nhp thng tin bng cch chm tay ln mn hnh hin th, mt kiu rt hay c s dng
ti cc my rt tin t ng (ATM) ca cc ngn hng l loi no di y?
A. Tivi mn hnh phng
B. Qu cu nh du (track ball)
C. B s ha (digitizer)
D. Mn hnh (Xc gic) (touch screen)
E. Bt quang (light pen)
Cu 52: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra
My tnh v cc thit b ngoi c kt ni vi nhau thng qua giao din vo-ra (IO
interface). Trong s cc giao din vo-ra di y, tiu chun dng cho my o c c th
kt ni chui cnh hoa (daisy-chain) l p n no di y?
A. IDE
B. Centronics
C. IOBASE-T
D. SCSI
E. GPIB
Cu 53: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra
Thit b mn hnh khng thch hp lm mi trng phn cng s dng GUI (Graphical
User Interface) l thit b no di y?
A. Mn hnh CRT
B. Mn hnh tinh th lng LCD
C. Mn hnh Plasma
D. Mn hnh k t (character display)
E. Mn hnh Multi-scan
Cu 54: 2-1-5 Kin trc v thit b vo / ra
Lng thng tin trn mt mn hnh hin th di dng High Color (16 bit) trn mn hnh
VGA 640 x 480 l bao nhiu (1 KB = 1024 byte)
A. Khong 600 KB
B. Khong 900 KB
C. Khong 1500 KB
D. Khong 2100 KB
E. Khong 3200 KB
21
ROM
I/O
Bng m rng
CPU
Giao din
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Thit b iu khin
mn hnh
Knh (bus)
Bng mch chnh
IOBASE-2
Ethernet
Serial Cable
C. PNG
D. GIF
E. MPEG
Cu 68: 2-2-2 Qun l tp
C nhiu phng php t chc tp (file organization method), mi phng php c mt
c trng ring. Trong s cc phng php t chc tp di y, phng php no c th
s dng cho c trng hp bng t?
A. Phng php truy nhp tun t (sequential access)
B. Phng php t chc phn hoch (partional organization)
C. Phng php truy nhp trc tip (direct access)
D. Phng php t chc theo ch mc (indexed organization)
E. Phng php truy nhp lu gi o (virtual storage access)
Cu 69: 2-2-2 Qun l tp
Tp c cu thnh t mt s vng. p n no di y khng phi l vng cu thnh
nn mt tp t chc theo ch mc? Hy chn hai p n.
A. Th mc (directory)
B. Vng d liu chnh (prime data area)
C. Vng ch mc (index area)
D. Vng trn (overflow area)
E. Vng thnh vin (member area)
Cu 70: 2-2-2 Qun l tp
Tp VSAM (Virtual storage access method - Phng php truy nhp lu gi o) l
phng php t chc tp bao gm cc hnh thc nh truy nhp tun t, truy nhp trc tip
hay t chc theo ch mc p n no di y trnh by phng php t chc tp ny?
A. Cu thnh t vng thnh vin (member area) v th mc (directory)
B. Cu thnh t vng d liu chnh, vng ch mc v vng trn
C. Truy nhp trc tip vo bn ghi thng qua a ch ca bn ghi
D. C 4 loi l ESDS, RRDS, KSDS, LDS.
E. Truy nhp theo th t c ghi vo theo kiu vt l
Cu 71: 2-2-2 Qun l tp
Nu nhiu tin trnh cng truy nhp vo mt ngun, th kt qu thu c thng b sai
lch. Chc nng trnh tnh trng ny gi l chc nng kim sot loi tr (exclusive
control). N cn c gi l Semaphore (bin bo hiu). Tuy nhin, do c chc nng ny
m s dn n trng hp c t 2 tin trnh tr ln s cng i i tc tr ngun, khin
khng th tip tc thc hin php tnh c. Hin tng ny gi l g?
A. Partition (Phn hoch)
25
B.
C.
D.
E.
Swapping (Tro i)
Deadlock (Cht tc)
Overlay (Trn)
Paging (Phn trang)
Thao tc vin
My tnh
Yu cu thao
Thao tc my
tc
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
S c xy ra ngu nhin
S c do xung cp
Thi gian
A. ng cong Gomperz
D. ng cong logistic
B. Biu hnh ch Z
C. S backman
E. ng cong bn tm (bathtub)
27
Ty vo phng php lp trnh, c th chia ngn ng phi th tc thnh nhiu loi nh.
Trong s cc ngn ng di y, loi no bao gm LISP?
A. Object Oriented Language
B. Functional Program Language
C. Machine Oriented Language
D. Tabular Form Language
E. Logical Program Language
Cu 87: 3-1-1 Ngn ng
Chng trnh dng chuyn chng trnh ngun c vit bng ngn ng bc cao thnh
ngn ng my hay ngn ng trung gian l p n no di y?
A. Chng trnh dch hp ng (Assembler)
B. Chng trnh bin dch (Compiler)
C. Chng trnh thng dch (Interpreter)
D. Generater
E. Translater
Cu 88: 3-1-1 Ngn ng
Tiu chun k t in t lm c s cho HTML cho CERN ca Thu S pht minh ra,
chuyn dng m t trang web internet l g?
A. UNC
B. URL
C. HDLC
D. ARC
E. SGML
Cu 89: 3-1-1 Ngn ng
Trong cc th (tag) dng m t HTML di y, ci no biu th s xung dng?
A. <IMG>
B. <HEAD>
C. <BR>
D. <BODY>
E. <P>
Cu 90: 3-1-1 Ngn ng
Trong cc loi cu to chng trnh, cu to trong mc d cho chy mt chng trnh
ng thi vi nhiu quy trnh khc nhau, nhng mi quy trnh u cho ra mt kt qu
ng, l cu to no?
A. ng dng (reentrant)
B. quy (recursive)
30
C. Ti nh v (relocatable)
D. Ti s dng (reusable)
E. Ti s dng ni tip (serial reusable)
Cu 91: 3-1-2 Gi phn mm
Trong chng trnh bng tnh, c th thit lp dng thc cho cc trong tng trang tnh
(sheet). Trong cc mc di y, ci no khng c coi l dng thc?
A. Cng thc tnh ton
B. Phng ch (font)
C. Kiu hin th
D. ng vin
E. Bo v kho (lock protection)
Cu 92: 3-1-2 Gi phn mm
Trong bng c to bng chng trnh bng tnh, cng thc tnh =SUM ($A1:A3) ghi
ti A4 v hin th nh di y. Khi copy A4 sang C4 th C4 hin th thnh 45. Lc
ny, nhp vo B4 cng thc =AVERAGE ($A1:A3). Nu copy B4 sang C4 th
C4 s hin th s bao nhiu.
A. 3.5
B. 5
C. 6.5
D. 21
E. 45
A. 11
10
B. 18
C. 26
D. 33
31
E. 36
Y1
X1
Y2
X2
Y3
qua d liu?
A. bn thi gian (time strength)
B. bn th tc (procedural strength)
C. bn trao i (communicative strength)
D. bn thng tin (informational strength)
E. bn chc nng (functional strength)
Cu 102: 3-1-5 Cc k thut yu cu v thit k
Trong s cc b phn nhp trn mn hnh s dng ti GUI ca MS-Windows, loi no
di y c s dng khi phi la chn duy nht mt trong nhiu phng n la chn c
nh?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hp kt hp (combo box)
Nt bm radio (radio button)
Hp nh du (check box)
Hp k t (text box)
Menu ko xung (pulldown menu)
X l
until type)
(Do-while
X l c thc
hin X ln?
(selective
0.0 Tr lng
1.0 X l vic
1.1 DATA
1.2 DATA
2.1 Tnh
2.2 Tnh
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Compact
Construtive
Clearly
Consistency
5000 vng/pht
20 mili giy
15,000 bytes
500 bytes
c c d liu trong mt cung t, thi gian truy cp bnh qun cn l bao nhiu mili
giy?
A. 8.4 msec
B. 12.4 msec
C. 26.4 msec
D. 33.4 msec
E. 35.4 msec
Cu 120: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin
Trong cc th tuc iu khin thao tc truyn d liu p dng cho truyn k t, th tc no
di y s dng 10 k t iu khin truyn v tin hnh gi nhn di dng tng tin
38
nhn mt?
A. Th tuc c bn
B. Th tuc HDLC
C. Th tuc TTY
D. Th tuc a mc ni (multi link)
E. Th tuc SLP
Cu 121: 4-1-1 Cc giao thc v kim sot truyn tin
Tn gi ca (2) trong khung HDLC l g?
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(1)
8 bit
8 bit
8 bit
di tu
chn
8 bit
8 bit
cn thc hin thao tc bin i tn hiu s thc (digital signal) thnh tn hiu tng t
(analog signal). Phng php bin i thc hin nh s di y l p n no?
0
Tn hiu s thc
Tn hiu iu bin
A. PM
B. PCM
C. FM
D. AM
E. ADPCM
Modem
Modem
Thit b cui A
Thit b cui B
A. 8,6 x 10-7
A. 8,6 x 10-6
A. 8,6 x 10-5
A. 1,2 x 10-6
A. 1,1 x 10-5
truyn:
Cu 133: 4-1-2 M ha vTc
truyn
tin 14400 bit/giy
Phng php chuyn mch thng ip (message switching) c chia thnh mch chuyn
mng (switched circuit) v phng php lu v chuyn (store and forward). phn bit
ch gi thng ip, p n no di y cha gi tr DLCI trong tng trng a ch
(address refield) ca thng ip?
A. Chuyn mch ATM
B. DDX-C
C. DDX-P
D. Chuyn mch tip sng khung (frame relay)
E. Chuyn mch STM
Cu 134: 4-1-2 M ha v truyn tin
Trong cc k thut to nhiu ng truyn lgic trong mt mch lgic tc cao, c mt
phng php mang tn l phng php dn knh (multiplexing method). Phng php
multiplexing truyn cc tn hiu c bc sng (wavelength) khc nhau trong cp quang
l g?
A. FDM
B. OFDM
C. CDM
D. TDM
E. WDM
Cu 135: 4-1-3 Mng (LAN v WAN)
Trong cc tp (topology) biu th tnh nng kt ni mng di y, ci no d thm bt
nt mng (node) ng thi c tnh m rng cao?
42
A.
Hnh sao
C. Kiu vng
B. Kiu li
D. Kiu Bus
E. Hn hp
43
Tn nhn vin
M chng ch
A. Khng chun ho
B. Chun ha th 1
C. Chun ha th 2
D. Chun ha th 3
E. Chun ha th 4
44
Tn chng
ch
Ngy t chng
ch
Name
Gender
Age
No.
Name
Gender
Age
1401
Nam
Male
30
1401
Nam
Male
30
1402
Trang
Female
25
1402
Trang
Female
25
1403
Viet
Male
55
1403
Viet
Male
45
A. INSERT
B. CREATE
===>
C. UPDATE
D. SELECT
Gender
Age
45
E. DELETE
Van
25
Tien
29
Ha
31
Loc
30
Long
32
SELECT Name FROM Student table WHERE Gender = MAND Age > 29.
A.
Loc
30
B.
Long 32
Loc
C.
Long
Loc
30
Long M
32
D.
Tien
29
Loc
30
Long 32
E.
Tien
Loc
Long
Name
Age
101
Loan
22
102
Giang
24
103
Anh
26
104
Chi
28
A. 22
B. 25
C. 28
D. 34
E 100
B.
C.
D.
E.
C. 200505
D. NG80LG
E. NL
Cu 155: 6-2-4 Cc t chc ha
HTML l do mt nh nghin cu ngi Anh tn l Timothy John Berners-Lee lm vic
cho CERN ti Gi-ne-v ca Thu S, pht trin da trn Trang Web ton cu (world
wide web) c cng b vo nm 1989. Cc phin bn ca HTML u do cc t chc
quc t khuyn co s dng. Cc phin bn HTML 3.2 tr i do t chc no khuyn co
s dng?
A. IETF
B. RFC
C. ITU-T
D. ISO
E. WWW Consortium
Cu 156: 6-2-4 Cc t chc ha
Ethernet l do nh nghin cu mang tn Robert M.Metcalfe lm vic ti Vin nghin cu
Palo Alto ca Xerox, pht minh ra vo khong nm 1972. Cc phin bn sau ca
Ethernet u do mt t chc quc t cng b v tiu chun ho. l t chc no?
A. ITU-T
B. RFC
C. IEEE
D. ISO
E. 3Com
Cu 157: 7-1-1 Qun tr kinh doanh
C nhiu phng php thu thp d liu hay thng tin. Phng php thng s dng trong
hi ngh, do Alex F.Osborne ca M pht minh ra l g?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Phng php KJ
Phng php Delphi
Phng php Least quare
Brain Storming (ng no)
S xng c (fish born chart)
B.
C.
D.
E.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Hng mc
Doanh thu
5600
Chi ph bin i
2800
Chi ph c nh
2000
Li nhun
800
3850
4000
4333
4667
4800
49
A
7 days
B
9 days
C
6 days
D
5 days
E
4 days
F
3 days
G
2 days
H
3 days
I
4 days
B. 16 ngy
K
1 days
9
L
4 days
J
7 days
6
A. 15 ngy
C. 17 ngy
D. 18 ngy.
E. 19 ngy
A. 5,2
B. 8,0
C. 10,8
50
11
14
D. 13,9
E. 16,9
S mi tn
Biu
S Pareto
PDPC
Kim ngch
150
100
80
70
50
30
20
n v: 1000 yn
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
Ti
m thanh tt
m thanh ti
51
Din vin tt
A.
B.
C.
D.
E
Din vin ti
S J
S SD
S qun l (control chart)
Fan chart
S Gantt
Bus
Auto
80%
70%
Truck
2000 year
2005 year
D. OCR
E. BCR
Cu 175: 7-5-2 Quyn s hu tr tu
T chc quc t hin ang hot ng da vo Cng c Pari v quyn s hu cng
nghip vo nm 1883 v Cng c Berne v quyn tc gi nm 1886 l t chc no?
A. WIPO
B. UNESCO
C. ITU
D. BIRPI
E. ISO
Cu 176: 7-5-2 Quyn s hu tr tu
Trong quyn s hu tr tu c mt s loi quyn. p n no di y khng thuc nhm
cc quyn v s hu tr tu?
A. Quyn gii php hu ch
B. Quyn chn dung
C. Quyn tc gi
D. Quyn nhn hiu
E. Quyn kiu dng
Cu 177: 7-5-2 Quyn s hu tr tu
Hin nay, tm quan trng ca vic bo v nhng quyn s hu tr tu khng phi l i
tng c ph bin trn cc phng tin thng tin i chng, ngy cng tr nn quan
trng. Trong s cc quyn s hu tr tu di y, quyn vi i tng bo h l cc k t
hay hnh v dng phn bit hng ho, dch v, v bo v quyn li ca ngi s dng
n l g?
A. Quyn tc gi
B. Quyn kiu dng
C. Quyn nhn hiu
D. Quyn sng ch
E. Quyn gii php hu ch
Cu 178: 7-5-6 Cc lut khc v vn o c ngnh ngh
x l k t, my tnh x l da vo mt loi m, gi l m k t. Trong cc m k t
di y, m no khng s dng c ch Katakana (ch cng).
A. M ISO
B. M JIS
C. M Shift-JIS
D. M UNICODE
54
E. M EUC
Cu 179: 7-5-6 Cc lut khc v vn o c ngnh ngh
Cng ty t bn c chia thnh hai nhm l cng ty t nhn v cng ty nh nc. Trong
, cng ty t nhn li c chia thnh nhiu nhm nh na. Trong cc cng ty t nhn
di y, cng ty no no c ch s hu doanh nghip hon ton tch ri vi ngi iu
hnh doanh nghip?
A. Cng ty hp danh
B. Cng ty hp vn
C. Cng ty c phn
D. Cng ty i bn cng c li (mutual company)
E. Cng ty trch nhim hu hn
Cu 180: 7-5-6 Cc lut khc v vn o c ngnh ngh
Chc nng, t chc, b phn trong doanh nghip hay c s kinh doanh c chia thnh
hai nhm: ng li (line) v nhn vin (staff). Trong cc b phn di y, ci no c
xp vo nhm nhn vin?
A. B phn mua hng
B. B phn nghin cu pht trin
C. B phn ch to
D. B phn qun l cht lng
E. B phn kinh doanh
55
P N
56
p n cu 1: A
Chuyn s hc
Chuyn l gic
Thm 0 vo ba tri
Bt du khng i
Thm 0 vo ba tri
Mi bt chuyn
Dch phi
Dch phi
1
Thm 0 vo ba tri
= 7 x (8 (2-1)) + 0 x (8 (1-1)) = 7 x 8 + 0= 56
Kt qu php tnh h thp phn l:
100 44 56 = 0
p n cu 3: D
Gii thch: quy tt c cc h c s v h thp phn (c s 10), ri tnh ton v so snh.
(1234)16 = (4660)10
(10101010101)2 = (1365)10
Do : (4660)10 - (1365)10 = (3295)10
Cc kt qu chuyn v dng h thp phn s l:
(1100 1101 0000)2 = (3280)10
(6006)8 = (3078)10
(CDF)16 = (3295)10
(SOS)16: Khng c s no nh vy dng h thp lc phn.
p n cu 4: A
Gii thch: thp phn
110 = 1 x 64 + 5 x 8 + 6
1 x 82 + 5 x 81 + 6 x 80
bt phn
10001
1111
1101
58
1010
101
+ 110
--------10111
+1000
---------10111
+ 11
---------10000
59
+ 110
---------10000
+ 110
--------1011
p n cu 7: B
Cng thc: biu th s du phy ng 32 bit do IEEE xng:
1 bit
8bit
23 bit
S
Zone bit
Zone bit
Sign bit
Sign bit
60
p n cu 10: B
Chy (run): tnh trng nhim v ang c thc hin vi th t u tin cao.
Sn sng (ready): tnh trng lc no cng c th thc hin c.
i (wait): tnh trng ang i kt thc thao tc vo-ra c yu cu.
A: ng k nhim v
B: chuyn i
C: ht thi gian (time out)
D: pht sinh lnh vo-ra
E: hon thnh thao tc vo-ra
Gii thch: trn s , dispatcher l chng trnh nm gia B v C, c chc nng gn
quyn s dng CPU cho nhim v c th t u tin cao nht trong s tt c cc nhim v
c th thc hin c.
p n cu 11: D
Binary tree (cy nh phn): cu trc hnh cy ch c t 2 nhnh tr xung.
Multiway tree: cu trc hnh cy nhng s nhnh khng gii hn 2 m nhiu hn.
Mng: sp xp cc phn t hu hn thnh bng. C th tham chiu cc phn t theo tn
mng v ch s di.
Ngn xp: cu trc d liu LIFO (vo sau ra trc). Lu tr cc d liu chng ln nhau.
Gii thch: Xp hng l cu trc FIFO (vo trc ra trc), s dng trong danh sch i
ca cng vic (job) v nhim v (task).
p n cu 12: E
Phn mnh:vng cha c s dng nm ri rc trong vng lu tr chnh hay b nh ph.
Kh phn mnh: thao tc nhm xo b tnh trng phn mnh trong cng.
ng ngha: l d liu ng sau, trong trng hp thu c gi tr bm ging nhau bng
phng php bm t cc d liu khc nhau.
nh tr hon ton: tnh trng 2 quy trnh c chung ngun cng ch i quy trnh kia gii
phng ngun trc.
Gii thch: Thng rc l phn t khng cn thit sau khi xo nhng vn lu li c th
khi phc.
p n cu 13: B
im chnh: ngn xp l cu trc vo sau ra trc (LIFO), nn s ly ra theo th t ngc
vi trnh t lu tr.
61
Push
Pop
C,B,A
A,B,C
nh
Ngn xp
B
y
p n cu 15: C
im chnh: Heap l c tnh i ng cy nh phn ton phn theo mng.
2
Thay i
12
19
12
12
Thay i
19
13
14
19
62
17
30
Bt u
Kt thc
10
11
Gii thch: Quy tc khi v cy nh nhp theo trnh t trung gian s nh sau:
- Bt u v t nhnh bn tri, v ly gi tr trong nt xa hn.
- Ly gi tr trong nt phn nhnh nu gi tr vt qu gi tr trong nt t tri sang
phi.
p n cu 17: D
Gii thch: S ln so snh ca Bubble Sort l O(n2), do vy thi gian s l 52=25 ln.
25 ln ca 1 giy l 25 giy.
p n cu 18: B
im chnh: Bubble Sort s tin hnh so snh d liu lin k, nu quan h cha-con
(ln-b) b ngc th s cho hon chuyn v tr v sp xp li.
Gii thch:
Ch s di
Bt u
15
11
12
15
11
12
Hon chuyn v tr ln 2
11
15
12
Hon chuyn v tr ln 3
11
12
15
Hon chuyn v tr ln 4
11
12
15
Hon chuyn v tr ln 5
11
12
15
Hon chuyn v tr ln 6
11
12
15
Kt thc
63
p n cu 19: E
Quick Sort: l phng php sp xp nhanh trong s dng mt gi tr lm tiu chun
(trc).
Binary Search: l phng php phn chia phm vi nh phn cc d liu c sp xp
sn, tm ra d liu cn.
Phng php Boyer - Moore: cn c gi l phng php BM. y l thut ton tm
kim chui k t vi hiu qu tm kim cao, do R.S.Boyer v J.S.Moore pht minh ra.
Phng php thut ton Greedy: cn c gi l phng php tng thm. N l thut ton
x l vn gn.
Gii thch: Phng php tm kim Dijkstra l thut ton x l vn ng dn ngn
nht do Dijkstra pht minh ra.
p n cu 20: E
Gii thch: Vi s d liu N, th s ln bnh qun ca php tm kim nh phn bng
(log2N) (du [ ] c ngha l b ch s hng thp phn.
log25000 = log210000/2 = log2104 - log22 = 4 x log210 1 = (4/log102) -1 = 4/0.3010 1 =
13.289 -1 = 12.289 = 12 ln.
p n cu 21: B
Linear programming (lp trnh tuyn tnh): l phng php ti u ha trong tin hnh
ti a ha (hoc ti thiu ha) hm i tng, trn c s cc iu kin s dng bt ng
thc tuyn tnh (th cp).
Phng php tm kim tuyn tnh: phng php tm chui k t c bit t trong mng.
Tm kim t u mng.
Phng php xc nhn bt bin: mt loi phng php kim chng tnh ng n ca
thut ton.
Phng php lp trnh ng: phng php x l gii quyt vn v ng dn ngn
nht hay vn gn bin.
Gii thch: Phng php chui cn gi l php bm m (open hash), n ni d liu cha
cc gi tr bm ng nht thnh danh sch bng cc nt.
64
p n cu 22: D
im chnh: mod (a1 + a2 + a3, 5) c ngha l s d ca php chia tng ca a1, a2, a3 cho 5.
Cn xung t c ngha l c cng mt gi tr bm.
Gii thch: Cc t hp gi tr bm s nh sau:
A. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 17 v 14. Gi tr bm l 2 v 4
B. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 13 v 12. Gi tr bm l 3 v 2
C. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 11 v 15. Gi tr bm l 1 v 0
D. Tng cc ch s ln lt l 3 v 18. Gi tr bm l 3 v 3
Tng cc ch s ln lt l 20 v 19. Gi tr bm l 0 v 4
p n cu 23: A
Phn tch k hm s c u bi a ra, ta c:
F(n) = n! = n x (n 1) x .. 3 x 2 x 1
Do : F(5) = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
p n cu 24: C
Gii thch: K hiu mch s tng ng nh sau: A l B cng bn phn (half adder), B l
mch OR, C l mch ADN, D l mch ph nh, E l biu th B cng y
Mch s hc AND l mch dng tnh ton AND ( logical product operation) , bng
chn l s nh sau:
A AND B
65
p n cu 25: B
Sn phm ca Intel:
Nm 1971
i4004
4bitMPU
Nm 1972
i8008
8bitMPU
Nm 1978
8086
16bitMPU
Nm 1982
80286
16bitMPU
Nm 1988
i386
32bitMPU
Nm 1989
i486
32bitMPU
Nm 1993
Pentium
32bitMPU
Nm 1999
Pentium III
32bitMPU
Nm 2001
Itanium
64bitMPU
p n cu 26: B
LD, GRO, GR1 c ngha l chuyn ni dung Thanh ghi a nng 1 (General Purpose
Register) sang Thanh ghi a nng 0. Tc l:
Np GR1 vo GRO
Do vy, ni dung "s 5" ca GR1 s c nhp vo GRO.
p n cu 27: E
Thanh ghi a nng: l thanh ghi c s dng rng ri tnh ton hay cp nht a ch.
Thanh ghi yu cu ngt: l thanh ghi trong bit s tr thnh ON.
Thanh ghi s hc: nm trong khi s hc ALU, n c chc nng ghi li cc con s trc
v sau khi thc hin php tnh.
Thanh ghi ch mc: l thanh ghi c s dng cp nht a ch mc lc hay b m.
Gii thch: Thanh ghi c s cung cp cc thng tin nh c pht sinh vic nh s, mn s
hay khng, hoc c b trn b nh hay khng.
p n cu 28: A
MIPS: l n v th hin tnh nng x l ca CPU, n cho bit c th thc hin c bao
nhiu triu lnh trong 1 giy.
Tng nhp ng h: l k thut tng tc nhm tng tc nhp ng h ca CPU s
dng trong my tnh c nhn.
CISC: my tnh vi CPU c kh nng x l tp lnh phc tp.
CPU a nng: lp nhiu CPU mt lc, tng tc x l v tng tin cy.
Gii thch: Cho ng ng lnh chng ln nhau tng tc x l lnh. C th p dng
cho my tnh RISC vi tp lnh hn ch, c thi gian thc hin cc lnh tng ng
nhau.
66
p n cu 29: C
Cng thc: MIPS l n v th hin tnh nng x l ca CPU, n cho bit c th thc hin
bao nhiu triu lnh trong 1 giy.
Gii thch: S lnh m my tnh thc hin trong 1 giy
= 30 x 1 triu x 0.85 = 25.5 triu lnh
Thi gian x l: 10 triu 25.5 triu = 0.392 giy = 0.39 giy.
p n cu 30: E
SIMM v DIMM: nu b nh ca nhng b phn ny tng ln, th c th s dng chng
trnh bng tnh thao tc, t lm tng tnh nng x l.
Over drive processor: Nh vic tng cng tnh nng ca CPU, tnh nng x l cng s
c nng cp mt cch ton din.
Cc hnh: Do tnh nng hin th hnh nh tng ln, nn tnh nng khi v s , biu
cng c ci thin tt hn.
Gii thch: Cc m thanh l thit b ch cn thit khi mun s dng tnh nng v mt m
thanh v n khng h tc ng hoc nh hng n cc tnh nng x l khc.
p n cu 31: E
Ngt chng trnh: xut hin khi b trn b nh CPU hoc pht sinh li trong khi thc
hin chng trnh.
Ngt ng h: xut hin khi ng h ra ch th cho CPU.
Ngt vo-ra: xut hin thng bo kt thc thao tc vo-ra t bn ngoi knh, do s c khi
x l thao tc vo-ra.
Ngt SVC: xut hin khi chng trnh x l ti CPU pht sinh supervisor call (SVC), do
chng trnh ang chy nhn c yu cu t h iu hnh.
Gii thch: ngt bn giao tip gia ngi v my l hin tng pht sinh khi c s can
thip ca iu hnh vin (operator) t system console (thit b cui) ca my tnh a
dng.
p n cu 32: C, E
Cache memory (b nh m n ): vng lp y khong cch v tc gia CPU v b
nh.
VLIW (verylong instruction word): thay cho ng ng , chp nhn lnh di, cho thc
hin nhiu php tnh ton tng tc .
ng ng lnh: b phn tin hnh x l lnh song song bng cch quy chuyn cc tp
lnh v nhng lnh c cng di v cng thi gian x l, vi tnh nng thp c tn sut
s dng cao. Cn c con chip RISC.
Dch ti u ho: c th pht huy tnh nng ca b x l, bng cch to m chng trnh
ph hp vi thao tc x l trong b x l.
67
Super scalar architecture: kin trc siu v hng thit b c th thc hin nhiu lnh
trong mt chu k ti ng ng.
p n cu 33: D
Cng thc:
1KB
1,000B
1MB
1,000,000B
1GB
1,000,000,000B
1TB
1,000,000,000,000B
Gii thch:
0.5GB 1,000,000,000B x 0.5
500,000,000B
500,000,000B x 8bit
4,000,000,000bit
p n cu 34: A
Cng thc: Thi gian truy cp CPU bnh qun Ta = Tc + (1-) Tm
Gii thch: Cn c vo cng thc trn, ta c thi gian truy cp CPU bnh qun
= 0.7 x 10 + (1 - 0.7) x 50
= 22 nano giy
p n cu 35: B
Thanh ghi: l thit b nh c tc ghi nhanh nht trong phn cp b nh (memory
hierarchy) c ci t trong b x l. Dung lng ca thanh ghi nh.
B nh ngoi: chnh l b nh h tr. N bao gm a cng, MO v.v.
B m a: l thit b nm gia b nh chnh v b nh h tr, c tc dng lp y
khong cch v tc gia hai thit b trn.
Knh ni b: l ng truyn tn hiu kt ni cc thanh ghi, cng vo/ra nm xung quanh
CPU.
Gii thch: trong b nh m n, ngi ta thng dng SRAM, mt thit b tc cao c
s dng thit b lng cc (bipolar device).
p n cu 36: D
Mask ROM: c s dng trong cc b nh lu tr IPL, hay cc b nh ca bng tr chi
trong my tr chi.
SRAM: l thit b nh khng lm mt thng tin lu tr, nu nh khng tt my tnh.
Khng cn phi lu tr d liu (refresh) u n ni dung lu gi khng b mt.
DRAM: thit b nh bn dn lu tr thng tin bng cch np in vo t in. Cn phi
lm ti.
SIMM: Single In-line Memory Module. Mun cha nhiu DRAM.
Gii thch: Flash memory: l ROM c th xa v ghi chng nhiu ln. C kh nng xa
v ghi chng da vo cc n v khi.
68
69
p n cu 37: B
Mch AND: mch thc hin php tnh V
B cng y : mch cng c kh nng tnh c s n v nh gia ch s hng di
v ch s hng trn sau 3 ln nhp.
B cng bn phn: mch cng ch tnh c s n v nh ln ch s hng trn sau 2 ln
nhp.
Mch NOT: mch thc hin php tnh lgic ph nh.
Gii thch: Mch nh hai trng thi (mch lt) c cu to rt phc tp, do c t cc (cell)
nhp vo IC, nn dung lng lu tr nh hn DRAM, v gi thnh ca n rt cao
p n cu 38: A
Kh phn mnh (defragmentation): thc hin ti nh ph. Xa b nhng th lt vt,
im gin on ca tp tin.
Gch cho (slashing): tnh trng chuyn vo (roll in), chuyn ra (roll out) di dng hon
i lin tc.
F. Tro i: (swapping) vic hon i ni dung t vng nh chnh sang b lu tr ph.
Phn mnh (Fragmentation) : tnh trng cc vng khng s dng vng lu tr chnh b
nm ri rc (phn on).
Gii thch: Lm gn b nh (Memory Compaction) l vic b tr li cc chng trnh b
chia on trong vng lu tr chnh, nhm duy tr vng trng cha s dng.
p n cu 39: C
Phng php FIFO - First In First Out (vo trc ra trc): cho ra page-out trang u tin
c lu trong b nh chnh. Cng c trng hp cho page-out ngay trang mi xem gn
nht.
Phng php LIFO Last In First Out (vo sau ra trc): cho page-out ngay trang mi
c page-in gn nht, do vy khng thng qua h thng lu tr o.
Dynamic Address Transaction: s dng bng nh s trang (page table) thay i a
ch truy cp khi thc hin lnh. i a ch o thnh a ch thc trn vng lu tr chnh.
Page Replacement: vic nh s trang trong vng lu tr o. Khng phi l thut ton.
Gii thch: Phng php LRU - Least Recently Used: cho page-out trang c thi gian
tham chiu c nht. Thng qua vng lu tr o.
70
p n cu 40: B
Cng thc:
Dung lng mt khi = di bn ghi x h s khi + khong cch gia cc khi
S bn ghi lu vo mt rnh = (dung lng lu gi ca mt rnh : dung lng ca mt
khi) x h s khi
Gii thch: Dung lng mt khi = 400 x 10 + 500 = 4500
S khi trong mt rnh = 28000 : 4500 = 6,222 = 6 (b s thp phn lm trn)
S bn ghi lu vo mt rnh = 6 x 10 = 60
Minh ho bng hnh v:
Dung lng 1 khi (block)
di mt khi
rnh
IBG
Bn ghi 1
Bn ghi 2
Bn ghi 10
IBG
p n cu 41: E
Cng thc:
Thi gian quay mt vng (mili giy/vng) = 60 x 1000 tc quay (vng/pht)
di khi = h s khi x di bn ghi
Thi gian truyn d liu ca khi = ( di khi dung lng rnh) x thi gian quay mt
vng
Gii thch: Theo cng thc trn, ta c:
Thi gian quay mt vng = 18.75 mili giy
di khi = 8000 byte
Thi gian truyn d liu ca khi = (8000 20.000) x 18,75 = 7,5 mili giy.
p n cu 42: C
Cng thc:
Thi gian quay mt vng (mili giy/vng) = 60 x 1000 tc quay (vng/pht)
Thi gian tm kim ti a (mili giy) = thi gian quay mt vng
Thi gian tm kim trung bnh (mili giy) = thi gian quay mt vng : 2
Gii thch: Thi gian quay mt vng = 60 x 1000 3000 = 20 (mili giy/vng)
Thi gian tm kim ti a = 20 (mili giy)
Thi gian tm kim trung bnh = 20 2 = 10,0 (mili giy)
Nu ta cng gi tr trn vi thi gian nh v u t vo rnh v thi gian truyn d liu, ta
c thi gian truy nhp.
71
p n cu 43: E
Cng thc:
Dung lng lu gi = s mt lu gi x s rnh trn mt mt x s sector trn mt rnh x
dung lng lu gi ca mt sector
Gii thch: Dung lng lu gi = 2 x 80 x 18 x 1024 = 2 949 120 byte 2,88 MB
p n cu 44: E
Bn ghi vt l: phn ghi d liu. D liu c ghi vi tc khng i.
Bn ghi lgc: l tp hp ca nhiu d liu. Trong mt khi c rt nhiu bn ghi lgc.
BOT beginning of tape: im bt u ca bng t.
EOT end of tape: im kt thc ca bng t
Gii thch: IBG l phn khng lu d liu gia cc khi (bn ghi vt l). Khi ghi d liu,
ti y s xut hin vic tng gim tc , nn n lm nh hng khng ch ti hiu qu
lu gi m cn nh hng ti hiu sut thi gian.
p n cu 45: B
Cng thc:
di bng t lu mt tp = s khi x ( di khi + di IBG)
di khi (inch) = h s khi x di bn ghi lgcmt lu gi
Gii thch: Thay s vo cng thc trn, ta c:
di ca mt khi = 12 x 500 4800 = 1,25 inch. Do s khi l 1000, nn di cn
thit ca bng t = 1000 (1,25 + 0,25) = 1500
BPI c ngha l s byte trn mt inch (byte/inch).
p n cu 46: D
POLLing: vic ln lt hi im danh
BLOCKing: vic tng hp nhiu bn ghi l gc vo trong mt khi (bn ghi vt l) ng
khi
SWAPPing: thay ni dung trong b nh ch v b nh ph tng ng vi mc u tin
ca chng trnh, ri x l. Tro i
SPOOLing: SPOOL (simultaneous peripheral operations online): mt phng php
tng thng lng.
Queueing: d phng d liu trong phng php FIFO, xp hng
p n cu 47: C
My tnh c 5 chc nng v ln lt gi tng ng l:
(1) Thit b vo
(2) B nh
(3) B s hc
(4) B iu khin
72
(5) Thit b ra
Gii thch: B iu khin + b s hc = B x l (processor), b x l c chc nng iu
khin vic tnh ton v x l
p n cu 48: E
B iu khin
B s hc
Thit b vo
B nh
lung d liu
Thit b ra
lung iu khin
im chnh
Cc mi tn cho bit chu trnh iu khin u xut pht t hp A. Thit b chnh l b
iu khin
p n cu 49: B
CSW (Channel State Word): L ngn ng knh thng bo cho b x l bit tnh hnh
thc hin ca knh (tnh hnh cho bit vic nhp, xut kt thc hay cha).
CAI: h thng dy v hc bng my tnh.
CCW (Channel Command Word): l ngn ng to thnh chng trnh trn knh (channel
program), chnh l ch th i vi knh.
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing): sn xut vi s h tr ca my tnh
Gii thch: CAW (Channel Address Word): cho bit a ch ca chng trnh trn knh.
Sau khi thng tin ny c ghi vo, b nh s ra ch th bt u cho knh v cho tin hnh
x l nhp xut.
p n cu 50: A
OCR (Optical Character Reader): thit b c k t quang hc. C th c ch vit tay
hoc ch in.
Bng: thit b vo ta dng phng, c s dng trong CAD
My qut nh: l thit b nhp hnh v trn giy, nh, tranh vo my tnh di dng d
liu nh.
My nh s: l camera lu tr hnh nh trong b nh bn dn.
Gii thch: OMR (Optical Mark Reader: thit b c im quang hc) c kh nng c
nhng phn c nh du bng bt ch trong khu vc ch nh.
73
p n cu 51: D
Tivi mn hnh phng: khng phi l thit b vo ca my tnh.
Qu cu nh du: thit b nhp ta da vo vic di chuyn con tr (cursor) trn mn
hnh bng cch xoay qu bng c lp trong thit b.
B s ha: thit b vo ta bng cch, cho con tr (pointer) hay bt chuyn dng di
chuyn trn mn phng ngang. C ngha gn ging nh bng.
Bt quang: bt chuyn dng nhp ta trn mn hnh CRT.
Gii thch: Mn hnh cm gic s vo ta khi ta chm trc tip vo mn hnh. c s
dng ti h thng cho nhng ngi khng quen vi thao tc my tnh.
p n cu 52: E
IDE: c s dng vi mc ch tng t SCSI, nhng ch c th kt ni ti a 2 thit b
( dng m rng c th ln ti 4 thit b).
Centronics: s dng kt ni my in, ch khng kt ni c chui cnh hoa
(daisy-chain).
IOBASE-T: h thng cp xon i ca Ethernet. Kt ni kiu dng sao t HUB.
SCSI: c tc dng kt ni chui cnh hoa (daisy-chain) v kt ni cc b nh h tr.
C th kt ni ti a 8 thit b.
Gii thch: GPIB l giao din dng kt ni my o c do cng ty Hewlett-Packard
pht minh ra. C th kt ni chui cnh hoa (daisy-chain) vi s lng ti a l 15 bng
cch truyn song song 8 bit.
p n cu 53: D
Mn hnh CRT: mn hnh s dng ng tia in t.
Mn hnh tinh th lng LCD: l mn hnh s dng tinh th lng, c kiu TFT hay DSTN
v.v.
Mn hnh Plasma: Mn hnh s dng hiu ng pht quang ca plasma. C th lm mn
hnh mng.
Mn hnh Multi-scan: mn hnh c th s dng nhiu phn gii khc nhau.
Gii thch: i vi GUI, bt buc phi trnh by ha di dng ca s (window) hoc
biu tng (icon). Ngoi k t ra, mn hnh k t rt kh hin th cc i tng khc, do
vy khng thch hp.
p n cu 54: A
Cng thc: s im nh (dot) mn hnh ca VGA = 640 x 480 = 307200 dot
S mu ca High Color = 216 mu = 65.536 mu
Lng thng tin trn mt dot ca High Color = 16 bit = 2 byte
Gii thch: lng thng tin trn mt mn hnh = 307200 (dot) x 2 byte = 614400 byte =
600 KB
74
p n cu 55: E
My in kim: to hnh k t bng cch, cc u kim (pin) trn u my in (printer head)
nh ra chc vo bng mc hnh thnh du mc trn giy.
My in phun: to hnh k t bng cch phun mc t vi (nozzle) trn u my in (printer
head) ln giy.
My in nhit: u my in (printer head) c un nng, lm nng chy mc ca bng
mc dnh ln trn giy.
My in dng: in thnh dng vi nhiu k t cng mt lc.
Gii thch: my in laze dng nhit v p sut in mc dnh trn trng bng tnh in ln
giy.
p n cu 56: A
Bng mch chnh: l bng mch ca my tnh. c lp vo CPU hay b nh
10BASE 2: l mt chun ca Ethernet. S dng cp ng trc v b kt ni BNC.
Ethernet: l mt loi h thng cp mng do Gio s Metcalfe ca Xerox pht minh ra
Serial Cable: l loi cp trong s dng cc dy cp ring bit cho gi tin v nhn tin ,
ri gi v nhn d liu mt cch lin tc.
Gii thch: Nh c bus, m tnh c lp ca cc thit b tng ln v chi ph pht trin
cc thit b cng r hn. C bus a ch, bus d liu, bus iu khin
p n cu 57: B v C
cpi (character per inch) cho bit cht lng in. S k t tng ng vi mt inch.
cps (character per second) l n v th hin tc in. S k t in c trong mt giy.
ppm (page per minute) l n v th hin tc in ca my in. N cho bit c th in c
bao nhiu trang trong vng 1 pht.
dpi (dot per inch): n v th hin phn gii ca my in. Cho bit s dot in tng ng
vi mt inch.
bps (bit per second) l tc truyn thng tin. S bit gi trong mt giy.
p n cu 58: B.
Siu my tnh: l loi my tnh c thit k trong coi trng tc tnh ton.
My trm : l loi my tnh bn c tnh nng cao v cc k s thng s dng loi my
ny.
My tnh a nng: l loi my tnh c s dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc, n cn
c gi bng nhng ci tn khc nh my tnh ln (mainframe) hay my ch (host
computer).
My tnh n-ron: l loi my tnh m phng h thng thn kinh ca sinh vt.
Gii thch: nh vt l hc John Von Neumann pht minh ra H thng chng trnh lu
tr v cng b vo nm 1945.
75
p n cu 59: E
Overhead: l thi gian m chng trnh iu khin OS s dng. Khng lin quan ti nng
sut cng vic ca ngi dng.
Thi gian p ng: thi gian tnh t khi gi xong d liu t thit b cui my tnh cho ti
khi bt u gi tr li kt qu.
Thi gian quay vng: thi gian k t khi bt u nhp cng vic (d liu) vo my tnh
cho ti khi c c kt qu u ra mt cch hon chnh.
Thi gian ri ca my tnh: khi thc hin cng lc nhiu nhim v (task) khc nhau, s
xut hin tnh trng thi gian vo-ra (I/O) b rt ngn. N l thi gian CPU khng hot
ng. Thi gian CPU ngh.
Thng lng: Thi gian cn thit x l mt lng cng vic, mt lng d liu hay
mt cng vic nht nh trong mt n v thi gian.
p n cu 60: B v C
Supervisor call: l vic chng trnh ang chy s ra lnh ngt i vi chng trnh gim
st.
Bn ghi: s lu li tnh hnh hot ng ca h thng. N cn c gi vi mt ci tn
khc l S nht k. Ngi ph trch qun l vn hnh s khng th thiu bn ghi khi
mun phng trnh li, tm hiu nguyn nhn v khi phc.
PSW (program status word): thng tin cho bit tnh trng ca chng trnh bng my tnh
a chc nng.
Cun d liu: to b nh ph tr gi l b nh m (buffer), vic x l vo-ra c thc
hin mt cch tch ri vi b x l.
p n cu 61: C
Windows XP hin nay l h iu hnh ca cng ty Microsoft c s dng nhiu nht
trong cc my tnh.
Linux: l h iu hnh my tnh c pht trin trn c s ca Unix.
MS-DOS: l h iu hnh my tnh tiu chun trc khi Windows ra i. Thc hin thao
tc ch yu bng lnh (command).
OS/2: h iu hnh my tnh ca cng ty IBM.
Gii thch: MVS l h iu hnh my tnh a dng c ln do IBM pht minh, n khng
chy trn my tnh c nhn.
p n cu 62: D
Job Management: l vic tin hnh cc thao tc nh x l trc, x l tun t hay x l
sau cn thit thc hin mt cng vic (job).
Job Scheduling: l vic lp k hoch vn hnh h thng trn c s xem xt trnh t cng
vic
76
Phng tin lu gi tp
Phng
Bng t
php
DASD
T chc tun t
T chc theo ch mc
VSAM
L t xa: d liu, cng vic (job) c gi t pha thit b u cui n my tnh thng
qua ng truyn.
80
p n cu 73: A
A: x l giao dch trc tuyn
B: x l kim sot thi gian thc (realtime control)
C: h thng phn chia thi gian (time sharing system)
D: x l theo l
E. x l theo l t xa
p n cu 74: B
Loosely couple multiprocessor: B a x l ghp lng c cu thnh t nhiu n v
(cu to bi b x l v b nh).
Tightly couple multiprocessor: B a x l ghp cht nhiu b x l dng chung mt b
nh hay a.
Array computer system: H thng my tnh mng mt b x l trung tm iu khin
nhiu b x l. ng dng cho x l ng ng. Siu my tnh l v d in hnh.
Tandem connection processor: B x l ghp ni trc sau h thng trong nhiu b x
l c mc ni tip vi nhau. Do phn chia chc nng cho nhau, nn c th phn tn ph
ti.
Duplex processor system: H thng b x l song cng : hnh thc trong b phn ph
s tip nhn cng vic ca b phn chnh khi trc trc xy ra.
p n cu 75: C
Thi gian p ng (response time): thi gian tnh t khi a ra yu cu hay truy vn cho
h thng, n khi bt u tr li.
Thng lng ( throughput) : o lng cng vic m h thng c th thc hin c trong
mt n v thi gian.
Thi gian quay vng ( turn arround time): thi gian tnh t khi a cng vic, cho ti khi
ton b kt qu u ra c gi tr li.
Ph ti (Overhead): l thi gian hay dung lng lin quan mt cch gin tip n thao tc
x l.
Thi gian ph ti (Overhead time): thi gian chng trnh iu hnh s dng CPU.
81
p n cu 76: E
Biu Z (Z graph): l mt loi biu s dng trong phn tch qun l cht lng. So
snh gi tr lu k v gi tr gc. ng cong Gomperz: ng cong tim cn vi cc
im pht sinh li trong phn mm. Khng i xng qua im un. ng cong
Backman: s m hnh ho mi quan h gia cc d liu dng thit k phn mm.
ng cong logistic: ng cong tim cn vi cc im pht sinh li phn mm. i
xng qua im un. ng cong m t s bin ng ca t l s c c hnh dng rt
ging vi hnh bn tm, do vy c gi l ng cong bn tm (bathstub curve).
p n cu 77: A
Phng php k hiu Kendall: m t m hnh hng i di hnh thc X/Y/S/(N).
Phng php k hiu Ba Lan: l phng php k hiu tin t, th hin bng cc du s
hc. Nu trong phng php k hiu trung t thng thng l a+b th vit thnh +ab.
Phng php k hiu Ba Lan o ngc: l phng php k hiu hu t. Nu trong
phng php k hiu trung t thng thng l a+b th vit thnh ab+.
Phng php k hiu nh phn: k hiu bng s nh phn.
Dng thc Backus Naur: phng php kh hiu ngn ng my tnh
p n cu 78: E
Gii thch: ng cong tng trng tin cy (reliability growth curve) cn c gi l
ng Gompertz. Nu hnh dng ca ng cong di y bin i nhiu, iu th
hin rng, mt l c vn v trng hp kim th (test case), hoc l cc thao tc kim
th khng c tin hnh mt cch tri chy.
S
li
ly
tin
82
p n cu 79: E
File protection: bo v tp.
Fault tolerance: kh nng chu ng sai st to cho chng trnh tnh d tha tng
tin cy. K thut chng s c.
Fault avoidance: trnh hng k thut, loi b s c. K thut tng cao tnh nng cho cc
b phn cu thnh ca h thng, tng bn, hn ch pht sinh s c.
Fail soft: hng mm, khi h thng b trc trc, d c thu hp hay gim tnh nng, th vn
thc hin c thao tc x l.
Fail safe: hng an ton c ch gip h thng vn hnh theo hng an ton khi pht sinh
trc trc.
p n cu 80: E
Cng thc: T sut vn hnh =
MTBF
(MTBF + MTTR)
MTBF (mean time between failures): thi gian trung bnh k t khi mt h thng hng
c phc hi hot ng tr li cho n khi li b hng v ngng hot ng.
MTTR (mean time to repare): thi gian trung bnh k t khi b hng, ngng hot ng cho
n khi h thng c phc hi v hot ng tr li.
Gii thch: T sut vn hnh
190
(190 + 10)
190
200
95%
p n cu 81: E
- H thng ni tip: T sut vn hnh = a x b
h thng ph A
h thng ph A
t sut vn hnh a
t sut vn hnh b
- H thng song song: T sut vn hnh = 1 (1 a) (1 b)
h thng ph A
t sut vn hnh a
h thng ph B
t sut vn hnh b
Gii thch: T sut vn hnh = 1 (1 W) (1 X.Y) (1 Z) = 1- 0,3 x 0,46 x 0,3 = 10,0414 = 0,9586 ~ 0,96
83
p n cu 82: C
Gii thch: cc kt qu phi hp tnh hnh vn hnh cc h thng ph ca h thng
3-out-of-4 nh di y. O = operation (vn hnh) X = stop (ngng hot ng)
Trng hp
..
16
T sut vn hnh =
5 = 0,3125 = 31%
16
p n cu 83: D
Authoring: to ni dung a phng tin t nhiu loi d liu khc nhau.
Xy dng chin dch qung co ca doanh nghip, trng by sn phm mi, tr chi, k
chuyn, gio trnh ging dy
C c thao tc son tho nhng tc phm video s thc theo bi cnh nht nh.
p n cu 84: B
GIF (graphic interchange format): do cng ty CompuServe pht minh ra. T sut nn thp,
t mu.
JPEG (joint photographic experts group): c s dng rt nhiu nh fax mu, in thoi
v tuyn hnh nh tnh, in n L phng php m ho tiu chun nh mu tnh. Do ISO
v ITU-T tiu chun ho.
MPEG (moving picture experts group): phng php nn nh ng mu nh phim TV,
video, c th nn c m thanh. Do ISO tiu chun ho.
MMR, Run Length: c hai u dng cho fax en trng. Phng php m ho tiu chun
nh en trng.
84
p n cu 85: B v E
COBOL: ngn ng dng cho x l vn phng do CODASYL cng b.
Fortran: ngn ng dng cho tnh ton khoa hc k thut do cng ty IBM pht trin.
Prolog: ngn ng lp trnh kiu lgc. S dng khi pht trin phn mm trong lnh vc tr
tu nhn to (Artificial Intelligence).
Gii thch: Assembly Language l ngn ng bc thp c tc dng lm cho ngn ng my
bt kh hiu, n trnh by m thao tc, a ch bng cc k hiu tng hnh (vit tt).
Ngn ng my (Machine Language): ngn ng bc thp c x l bn trong my tnh.
p n cu 86: B
Object Oriented Language (ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng): m t trng tm l i
tng tng hp cc x l, cc thao tc c lin quan n d liu. V d nh SmallTall, C++,
Java
Machine Oriented Language: l ngn ng bc thp c trong mt s loi CPU cng c
th.
Tabular Form Language: ngn ng dng biu bng. Vic vit cc yu cu x l theo nh
dng xc nh trc bng ngn ng dng biu bn s t ng sinh ra chng trnh
tng ng
Logical Program Language (ngn ng lgc): tiu biu l Prolog, m t cc cng thc lm
c s cho lgc xc nhn. Dng trong lnh vc tr tu nhn to
Gii thch: Functional Program Language l ngn ng hm, m t hm bng cng thc,
v trnh by chng trnh di dng nesting structure equation . Bao gm LISP.
p n cu 87: B
Chng trnh dch hp ng: dch chng trnh m t bng ngn ng Assembler sang ngn
ng my.
Chng trnh phin dch: phin dch tng dng trong chng trnh m t bng ngn ng
bc cao.
Generater: ra iu kin i vi tng vn c th. To chng trnh bng cch nhp cc
tham s.
Translater: thc hin vic thay i ngun
Gii thch: trong cc ngn ng bc cao dch bng Chng trnh bin dch (compiler), c
COBOL, Fortran, PL/1
85
p n cu 88: E
UNC Universal Namint Conversion: phng php m t ngun chung ca ring MS.
ULR: a ch internet cho bit a im cha thng tin nh www hay FTP
HDLC: trnh t iu khin d liu ng nht. Quy cc n v khung thnh nhm ng
nht v tin hnh iu khin thao tc truyn.
SGML: ngn ng nh ngha vn bn a dng do ISO tiu chun ho dng trao i vn
bn in t.
ARC Advanced Risc Computing Name: phng php m t ch nh HD c s dng
trong Boot.ini ca MS.
p n cu 89: C
Gii thch:
<IMG>: chn tp tin dng nh vo trang.
<HEAD>: m t thng tin ca ti liu nh tn ti liu
<BODY>: ni dung c vit gia <BODY> ~ <BODY> th hin trong trnh duyt.
<BR>: th biu th s xung dng. Khng c th dng </BR>.
<P>: bin phn gia <P> ~ <P> thnh mt on.
p n cu 90: A
A. ng dng ( reentrant) : phn th tc th cc quy trnh chung nhau, cn phn d liu
c chun b cho tng quy trnh ring bit.
B. quy (recursive): c th t gi mnh trong khi ang chy.
C. Ti inh v ( relocatable): c th ti b tr trn bt k mt a ch no ca RAM (b
nh chnh)
D. Ti s dng (reuseable): tn gi chung ca ng dng v ti s dng ni tip.
E. Ti s dng ni tip (serial reuseable): chng trnh trong , sau khi ti mt ln
ln b nh chnh, vn c th cho php chng trnh khc s dng m khng cn phi ti
li.
86
p n cu 91: A
Phng ch: thit lp kiu ch (loi phng ch), kch c, mu sccho k t hin th
trong .
Kiu hin th: b sung thuc tnh hin th cn c vo loi ch s bn trong . V d, nu l
s tin th thm k t vo.
ng vin: thit lp c hoc khng c ng vin, m nht, mu sc ca 4 ng
vin bao xung quanh .
Bo v kha: quyt nh c bo v trong mt n v hay khng.
Gii thch: Cng thc tnh dng tnh d liu trong , khng phi l dng thc thuc
tnh hin th. Khi thit lp dng thc cho , c cc thao tc kiu dng thc phn b
phng ch ng vin kiu.
p n cu 92: A
Cch suy lun: SUM l php tnh tng cc c chn. AVERAGE l php tnh bnh
qun cc c chn.
$ ghi trong to l k hiu tham chiu tuyt i, nu copy cng thc tnh trong c
cha k hiu ny, th gi tr ca cng s khng thay i mt cch tng i. Ch c ct
A l tham chiu tuyt i.
Do , cng thc tnh ca C4 c copy t A4 s tr thnh SUM($A1:C3) v kt qu l
45, tng ca 1 n 9. Cng thc trong C4 copy t B4 s tr thnh AVERAGE($A1:B3),
kt qu l 3.5, bnh qun ca 1 n 6.
p n cu 93: B
im chnh: $ trong cng thc l k hiu tham chiu tuyt i, nu copy cng thc tnh
trong c cha k hiu ny, th gi tr ca cng s khng thay i mt cch tng i.
Gii thch: copy C1 sang C2 s lm dch chuyn mt ct. Do vy, A1 s thay i
thnh A2, $B$2 l tham chiu tuyt i nn khng thay i. Theo , cng thc C2 s
tr thnh SUM(A2:$B$2), kt qu bng 3+4=7.
Khi copy t C1 sang cell C3 cng tng t nh vy, $B$2 khng thay i v thnh
SUM(A3:$B$2), do quy tc k hiu ca cng thc, s hin th thnh SUM(A$2:$B3). Kt
qu l 3+4+5+6=18.
87
p n cu 94: D
Cng c CASE thng lu: h tr quy trnh pht trin thng lu nh nh ngha yu cu,
phn tch, thit k nghip v i tng...
Cng c CASE h lu: h tr quy trnh pht trin h lu nh quy trnh ch to, quy trnh
kim th
Cng c CASE tch hp: cng c kt hp gia cng c CASE trn v di.
Cng c CASE chung: h tr cc thao tc chung.
Gii thch: Cng c CASE bo tr c cc tnh nng nh: tnh nng k ngh ngc (reverse
engineering) trong to thng tin thit k t chng trnh nguyn thu, tnh nng b tr
xp t li trong tin hnh lp s cu trc m un hay cu trc ho.
p n cu 95: E
Inspector: cng c g ri (debug) m t cu trc dng d theo di v c th xc nhn
c.
Dump routine: xut d liu ni dung trong b nh ch hay trn thanh ghi ti mt thi
im nht nh, sang my in hay b nh ngoi.
Theo di (tracer): khi thc hin lnh, xut d liu ni dung ca lnh, ng dn, ni dung
ca thanh ghi ngay sau khi thc hin, sang my in hay b nh ngoi.
Trnh to d liu kim th (test data generator): t ng to d liu kim th bng cc
tham s n gin.
Gii thch: Trnh phc v h tr vic vn hnh h thng v thc hin trnh s dng (user
program).
p n cu 96: D
Wire Frame Model: l mt loi k thut m hnh ha hnh thc, trong s dng cu trc
3 chiu.
Waterfall Model: tin hnh thao tc pht trin trong trnh t t quy trnh thng lu n
quy trnh h lu.
Prototype Model: m hnh trong tin hnh lm th sn phm trong giai on u ca
quy trnh pht trin, v kim th xc nhn yu cu ca ngi s dng.
Client Server Model: mt hnh thc ca h thng x l phn b.
Gii thch: Spiral Model l m hnh pht trin trong lp i lp li cc quy trnh pht
trin theo tng h thng con mt.
88
p n cu 97: B
Gii thch: Trnh t v khi qut ca thao tc nh sau:
1. K hoch c bn: iu tra phn tch tnh kh thi ca h thng l i tng pht trin.
2. Thit k bn ngoi: thit k cc tnh nng
3. Thit k bn trong: thit k kt cu ca chng trnh
4. Thit k chng trnh: thit k kt cu bn trong (thut ton) ca tng n v m-un.
5. Lp trnh: tin hnh vit m
6. Kim tra: kim tra hot ng ca h thng
C l quy trnh lm vic thng thng. D l quy trnh lm vic sai. E l vng i ca phn
mm
p n cu 98: D
Thit k bn ngoi l thao tc xc nh tnh nng cho h thng, da trn c s cc iu
kin ca h thng do ngi dng t ra.
2. Kim tra iu kin h thng
3. La chn phng thc x l h thng
4. nh ngha h thng con v phn chia tnh nng
5. Tnh nng ca h thng con v thit k giao din
6. M hnh nghip v (giao din, dng thc, m)
7. Thit k m hnh d liu lgc
8. Thit k bo mt
9. c t kim tra h thng
10. Hng dn s dng
11. Xem li sch thit k
p n cu 99: E
ngha ca cc k hiu nh sau:
W
Ngun d liu hoc
X1
Y1
Lung d liu
X l
ch d liu
Z
Lu d liu (tp)
Gii thch: Quy trnh biu th vic "x l" d liu cn c gi l vic chuyn i t
dng d liu i vo thnh dng d liu i ra.
Trong DFD khng cha phn t mang tn "thc th d liu data entity"
89
p n cu 100: B
Bn ghi c chiu di c nh: chiu di ca tt c cc bn ghi lgc u bng nhau, rt d
s dng.
Bn ghi c chiu di bin i: chiu di ca bn ghi lgc khng ng u. Chiu di bn
ghi c lu u bn ghi.
Bn ghi c chiu di khng xc nh: chiu di ca bn ghi lgc khng ng u v
thng tin v chiu di ca bn ghi cng khng c lu. Phn bit bn ghi da vo IBG.
Gii thch: Bn ghi bao trm c th kt ni ti nhiu khi lu bn ghi lgc.
p n cu 101: C
bn thi gian: ch bit thi gian thc hin l ging nhau. Khng d on c mi
quan h vi cc chng trnh khc.
bn th tc: x l nhiu tnh nng theo mt trnh t th tc cn thit.
bn thng tin: nhiu tnh nng cng tham chiu mt d liu. C u th v mt d liu
c cc b ho v c th ti s dng li.
bn chc nng: phn bit tng chc nng mt vi nhau v mi chc nng c coi l
mt chng trnh. u im l c tnh c lp, tin cy, tnh m rng cao, kh nng bo
tr v ti s dng d dng.
Gii thch: bn trao i l vic x l nhiu chc nng c cha cc d liu lin quan
n nhau theo mt trnh t cn thit. Th t u tin ca cc bn l nh sau:
Tnh nng thng tin trao i th tc thi gian lgc trng hp
p n cu 102: B
Hp kt hp: lp cc hng mc thnh danh sch v chn ly mt t danh sch .
Hp nh du: l b phn cng c cch chn la tng t nh nt bm radio, tuy nhin c
th la chn nhiu phng n cng mt lc.
Hp k t: hp hnh vung nhp v hin th k t.
Menu ko xung: hin th mt bng ko xung t thanh menu. C th b sung thm menu
con.
Gii thch: Nt bm radio ch cho php chn 1 trong nhiu phng n. Khi chn mt
phng n, th phng n c la chn trc s t ng b xo. B phn nhp trn
mn hnh nh vy thng c s dng trong GUI ca MS-Windows, Unix,
LinuxTrong trng hp MS-Office th c th chy trong mi trng VB.
90
p n cu 103: B v D
STS partioning method: gn vi dng d liu, phn hoch cu trc chng trnh thnh
ngun, bin i v b cha.
Common function partioning method : gn vi dng d liu, nu c tnh nng tng t
nhau th chnh l v hp nht li.
Transaction partioning method: gn vi dng d liu, to cc m un mi khi tin hnh
x l giao dch nhp.
Gii thch:
Warnier method: gn vi cu trc c d liu ging nhau, phn phn hoch d liu nhp v
x l tp tin cn c vo thuyt tp hp.
Jackson method: gn vi cu trc d liu, quyt nh cu trc da trn mi quan h gia
cc d liu nhp v xut.
p n cu 104: C
Ngun (source): phn x l d liu nhp
Bin i (transform): phn chuyn i d liu nhp thnh d liu xut.
B cha (sink): phn x l d liu xut.
Gii thch: Phng php phn hoch STS l phng php thit k dng d liu do
Meyers ngh ra, tn gi ca phng php ny c ghp t 3 ch ci u ca 3 phn t
phn hoch trn y.
p n cu 105: B
X l
X l
X l
Hon
thnh
X l
M hnh tun t
Vng Do While
91
p n cu 106: B
Biu tin trnh: l phng php c in m t quy trnh ca chng trnh.
Biu NS: phng php trnh by s cho bit trnh t x l lp trnh theo cu trc.
DFD: phng php v s m t quy trnh d liu ca h thng do T.DeMarco
xng.
HIPO: phng php v s vn bn ho khi lp trnh do cng ty IBM pht minh ra.
ERD: l m t da trn mi quan h gia s vic ca th gii thc t vi cc thc th.
p n cu 107: E
WYSIWYG: what you see is what you get ci m ta nhn thy chnh l ci ta c
GUI Graphical user interface: chn cc biu tng hoc nt trn mn hnh v thao tc
CUI - Character base user interface: ch yu l biu th k t v nhp lnh
MMI Man-machine interface: ng ngha vi giao din con ngi (human interface)
API l giao din chng trnh ng dng cho php mt chng trnh khc s dng tnh
nng ca n.
p n cu 108: A v C
5 quy trnh c thc hin theo trnh t nh sau:
kim
kim
kim
kim
kim
th
th
th h
th
th
tch
thng
ph
vn
hp
duyt
hnh
Gii thch: Kim th vn hnh l kim th tnh nng v tnh thao tc trong iu kin
ging ht nh khi vn hnh trong thc t v do ngi dng thc hin. Trong kim th ph
duyt s s dng cc d liu m ngi dng cui chun b khi tin hnh bn giao.
p n cu 109: A
Trnh to d liu kim th (test data generator): chng trnh t ng to d liu dng
kim th chng trnh.
Phn sn: phn mm nm v tr gia OS v chng trnh ng dng (application
program).
Trnh iu khin: m un s thay th cho m un cp cao cha hon thnh.
M phng: ngn ng thng c s dng khi m hnh ho.
Gii thch: Nh c stub, trong kim th t trn xung, ngay c khi m un cp thp cha
hon thnh vn c th tin hnh kim th m un cp cao.
92
p n cu 110: B
Kim th tnh chu ng: kim th xem c th chu c trong iu kin s dng lin tc
trong thi gian di hay khng.
Kim th hiu nng: nh gi phn ng ca ton b h thng nh v tc x l, thi
gian phn hi khi nhp xut.
Kim th t di ln: kim th t chng trnh cp thp n chng trnh cp cao.
Kim th ti: tc ng mt lc ti nht nh ln h thng nh gi xem chng trnh c
chu c hay khng.
Gii thch: kim th hi quy l kim th phn khng thay i (khng phi l phn c
b sung, thay i) c b nh hng g khng.
p n cu 111: D
Bao trm tt c iu kin: phng php thc hin vi tt c cc t hp khi kim th hp
trng.
Phng php ln k hoch th nghim: to ma trn v nguyn nhn v tnh trng, v la
chn tnh hung kim th (test case)
Biu nhn qu: v thnh biu mi quan h gia nhp v xut, ri thit k trin khai
thnh bng quyt nh.
Phn tch ng tr: phn chia cc d liu nhp thnh cc nhm ng tr, ri ly gi tr i
biu cho nhm thnh d liu kim th.
Gii thch: trong phn tch ng tr, c th s dng bt k mt gi tr no lm gi tr i
biu cho nhm ng tr, nhng trong phn tch gi tr gii hn, ly gi tr u nhm
ng tr lm d liu kim th.
p n cu 112: B
A. Kim tra trng: kim tra xem d liu c b trng lp hay khng
B. Kim tra gii hn: kim tra xem d liu c vt ra ngoi phm vi gii hn trn v gii
hn di hay khng.
C. Kim tra s: kim tra xem trong ct s c ln cc gi tr khc khng phi l s hay
khng.
D. Kim tra dng thc: kim tra xem s c b lch hay khng.
E. Kim tra i chiu: kim tra i chiu ni dung ca tp tin.
Ngoi ra, cn c k s kim tra (check digit), kim tra hiu lc (validity check), kim
tra trnh t (sequence check), kim tra tnh ton (count check), chn cho (cross footing).
p n cu 113: E
Gi s k s kim tra l D. Ta c:
D = mod ((1 x 1 + 9 x 2 + 1 x 3 + 4 x 4),10)
93
Tng qun l
Tng qun l
p n cu 115: C
RASIS chnh l:
R = Reliability (tnh tin cy)
A = Avaibility (tnh c sn)
S = Serviceability (tnh phc v c)
I = Integrity (tnh ton vn)
S = Security (tnh bo mt)
p n cu 116: E
Atomicity tnh nguyn t c ngha l: c th chia nh cc n v thao tc nh nht thnh
lm v khng lm
Consistency tnh nht qun c ngha l: d liu trong cc bng khng b mu thun vi
nhau trc v sau khi thay i, cp nht d liu.
Isolation tnh c lp: ngay c khi nhiu giao dch cng truy cp vo nhng khng can
thip, cn tr ln nhau.
Durability tnh lu bn c ngha l: khng bao gi xo i nhng ni dung mi cp nht
trong c s d liu
p n cu 117: C
M hnh quy trnh (process model): l thao tc m t quy trnh pht trin phn mm.
Trong cc loi m hnh quy trnh, c m hnh thc (waterfall model).
G ri chng trnh (program debug): thao tc pht hin v sa li trong chng trnh.
94
Trao i
Ngi qun l
bo tr
Ngi dng
Yu cu bo tr
Tr li
Ch th cng
Bo co
Ngi bo tr
D n bo tr
Xc nhn ni dung
Thng
bo
hon thnh
Ngi qun l
cu hnh
p n cu 119: C
- Thi gian tm kim v tr bnh qun = 20 mili giy
- Thi gian ch quay bnh qun = thi gian quay 1 na vng a
60 giy
x 1 = 6 mili giy.
5000 (vng/pht)
2
- Thi gian gi d liu:
c mt cung t, cn
p n 120: A
Th tc c bn (basic procedure): th tc c. c chun ho vo nm 1975. Gi v nhn
tin da vo 10 k t iu khin truyn.
Th tc HDLC high level data link control procedure: l phng php t chc d liu
95
FCS
8 bit
8 bit
8 bit
di tu chn
8 bit
8 bit
Tng 6
Tng 5
Tng 4
Tng 3
Tng 2
Tng 1
p n cu 124: D
Khi so snh cc tng ca m hnh tham chiu OSI v cc tng ca TCP/IP, ta c bng
sau:
96
Tng ng dng
Tng 6
Tng trnh by
Tng 5
Tng phin
Tng 4
TELNET, SMTP
DHCP, FTP
HTTP, DNS
Tng vn chuyn
Tng vn chuyn
TCP, VDP
Tng 3
Tng mng
Tng internet
Tng 2
Tng LLC
Tng MAC
Tng
mng
Tng 1
Tng vt l
giao
din CSMA/CD
Token Ring
p n cu 125: D
Token ring: iu khin quyn truyn ti da vo th bi (token) xoay vng trn ng
truyn. Phng php truy nhp tin nh
CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection): tt c cc nt mng
u gim st cc sng mang trn ng truyn. Phng php truy nhp phi tin nh
Token bus: l phng php tng t nh token ring. S dng mng c cu hnh but bus
TDMA (time division multiple access): iu khin vic truy nhp da vo cng ngh
TDM, s dng khi dn knh d liu s thc.
CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance): thu nh xc sut
xung t, cc nt mng truyn tin s dng thi gian i mt cch ngu nhin. S dng
trong mng LAN khng dy.
p n cu 126: C
10BASE-T: s dng cp xon i nhm 3 tr ln, v gic cm mun (modular jack)
RJ-45 kt ni vi thit b u cui my tnh, c tc truyn l 10Mbps.
10BASE2: s dng cp ng trc v gic cm hnh ch T kt ni vi thit b u cui
my tnh, c tc truyn l 10Mbps.
100BASE-TX: s dng cp xon i hng 5 tr ln v gic cm mun RJ-45 kt ni
vi thit b u cui my tnh, c tc truyn l 100Mbps.
10BASE5: s dng cp ng trc, gi l cp vng, v my thu pht (tranceiver) kt ni
vi thit b u cui my tnh, c tc truyn l 10Mbps.
100BASE-FX: s dng cp quang (optical fiber cable) kt ni, c tc truyn l
100Mbps.
p n cu 127: A
SMTP: dng cho gi v nhn th in t.
NNTP (network news transfer protocol): giao thc truyn ti dng trong Usenet tng
ng vi bng thng bo in t (electronic bulletin board).
FTP (file transfer protocol): giao thc dng truyn ti tp tin.
97
HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol): giao thc dng gi v nhn vn bn HTML.
SNMP (simple network management protocol): giao thc qun l.
p n cu 128: C
AM Amplitude Modulation: iu bin bin tng ng vi 1 v 0 ca tn hiu.
PM Phase Modulation: iu bin pha. Thay i pha sng truyn thng, tng ng vi
1v 0 ca tn hiu.
FM Frequency Modulation: iu bin tn s. Bin i tn hiu 1 v 0 tng ng thnh
sng f1 v f2.
PCM: (Pulse Code Modulation) iu bin m xung bin tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu
s thc.
ADPCM: b sung thm k thut nn vo PCM.
p n cu 129: B
ng b ho SYN: phng php t c s ng b bng cch gi m ng b (SYN)
bn nhn tin tin hnh tm kim v tr bt u. c s dng trong th tc c bn. Cn
c gi l ng b ho k t.
ng b ho c: phng php t c s ng b bng cch gi cng mt kiu c nht
nh. Dng trong th tc HDLC.
ng b ho bt u - kt thc: do truyn d liu khng c lin quan n bn nhn tin,
nn cn c gi l khng ng b. Khi gi mt k t (8 bit), cn phi c 10 bit, do vy
hiu qu khng cao.
p n cu 130: D
Kim tra bit chn l l: thm 1 hoc 0 s cc bit 1 l s l.
Kim tra bit chn l theo chiu ngang: kim tra bng cch thm bit chn l vo n v k
t s bit 1 tr thnh s chn hoc s l.
Kim tra bit chn l theo chiu dc: kim tra bng cch thm k t kim tra chn l vo
cui khi.
M Hamming: thm mt bit gi l hamming code pht hin li bit v sa li.
Phng php CRC: l phng php trong coi d liu truyn ti l a thc v coi kt
qu tnh ton lm m vng b sung thm vo.
p n cu 131: E
Lng d liu truyn = s k t x (bit u + di d liu ca mt k t + bit cui) = 600
x (1+8+1) = 6000 bit.
Thi gian truyn:
6000bit 1200bit/giy = 5 giy
p n cu 132: D
98
99
p n cu 133: D
Chuyn tip khung (frame relay): l phng php trong chia nh thng ip theo n
v khung ri truyn s thc. Phn bit ch truyn n da vo gi tr DLCI (data link
connection identifier) ca cc khung.
DDX-C: l phng php chuyn mch, truyn d liu s thc.
DDX-P: l phng php chuyn mch gi lu tr, truyn d liu s thc.
Phng php chuyn mch STM: l mt loi phng php dn knh phn chia thi gian
(time division multiplexing).
Phng php truyn d b ATM (asynchronous transfer mode): l phng php chia nh
thng tin thnh tng t bo c di bng nhau ri truyn i, c th truyn vi s lng
ln v tc cao m khng ph thuc vo loi d liu.
p n cu 134: E
FDM Prequency Division Multiplex: dn knh bng phn chia tn s
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn chia tn s trc giao
k thut truyn tn hiu s thc vi tc v cht lng cao.
CDM Code Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn m :phn tn tp m gi (PN-Pseud
Noise) n cho tng ngi dng.
TDM Time Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn chia thi gian chia nh thi gian ri gi.
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex: Dn knh phn chia chiu di sng k thut ny
c ci tin c mt cao hn gi l DWDM.
p n cu 135: D
Cu hnh hnh sao: Do mi nt mng (node) s dng mt ng truyn nn tin cy
tng i cao.
Cu hnh vng: nhiu nt mng cng kt ni chung mt ng truyn nn nu b hng th
s nh hng n ton b mng.
Cu hnh bus: tng t nh cu hnh vng, tu theo a im b hng, s gy nh hng
n ton b cc nt mng. Tnh m rng cao
Cu hnh mng li (mesh): mi nt mng c kt ni vi nhiu nt mng khc, nn nu
pht sinh trc trc, th c th la chn mch khc trnh i, do vy tin cy rt cao.
Cu hnh hn hp: c cc cu hnh knh, vng, hnh sao c ni trc tip vi nhau.
c s dng trong Arcnet.
100
p n cu 136: A
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): mng quy m thnh ph.
LAN (Local Area Network): hnh thc mng quy m nh lp t ti cng mt ch hay ni
thc hin cng mt nghip v thao tc.
JAN (Japanese Article Number): tiu chun m vch ca Nht Bn.
VAN (Value Added Network): dch v x l truyn thng c b sung thm vo dch v
truyn thng c bn mt dch v gi tr gia tng mi nh chuyn i giao thc
WAN (Wide Area Network): hnh thc kt ni mng LAN gia cc phng lm vic hay
gia cc doanh nghip vi nhau bng ng truyn. Internet l mt kiu mng WAN.
p n cu 137: B
Cc tiu chun nh sau:
IEEE
Tc truyn ti a
802.11
2.4GHz
2Mbps
802.11a
5GHz
OFDM
54Mbps
802.11b
2.4GHz
CCK
11Mbps
802.11g
2.4GHz
CCK , OFDM
54Mbps
101
p n cu 139: B
B lp (HUB): tip sng mc tng vt l. HUB l b lp a cng.
Cu: tip sng mc tng kt ni d liu (data link). Phn on xem c tip sng bng
a ch MAC hay khng.
B chn ng (router): tip sng mc tng mng. Phn on xem c tip sng a
ch giao thc (protocol address) hay khng.
B chuyn mch (switch): thc hin mt trong ba chc nng trn khi tin hnh x l phn
mm.
p n cu 140: C
Mozilla: phn mm trnh duyt c to ra bi d n ngun m (Open source project) do
cng ty Netscape a ra.
Netscape Navigator: phn mm trnh duyt do cng ty Netscape Communication pht
trin.
MOSAIC: phn mm trnh duyt cho NCSA ca Trng i hc Illinois ca M pht
trin.
Opera: sn phm ca cng ty Opera Software.
Open Office: l phn mm vn phng m ngun m do cng ty Sun Microsystem cng b.
Khng phi l phn mm trnh duyt.
p n cu 141: E
A l M hnh d liu phn cp
B l M hnh d liu mng
C l bng tnh
D l Biu thc th quan h
E l M hnh d liu quan h
Trong M hnh d liu quan h s s dng bng, trong bng (table) gi l quan h
(relation), dng (row) l b, ct (column) l thuc tnh.
p n cu 142: B
Gii thch: khng c thao tc lp li d liu, nn ch c chun ha th 1.
chun ha th 1: tch bit v c lp cc yu t lp li.
chun ha th 2: c lp ho cc mc c thuc tnh hm. C ngha l sao cho nhng mc
khng phi l kho chnh (main key) c th c xc nh nh vo kho chnh.
chun ha th 3: c ngha l sao cho nhng mc khng phi l kho chnh ch c th xc
nh c bng kho chnh.
M nhn vin
Tn nhn vin
M nhn vin
M chng ch
Ngy t chng ch
102
M chng ch
Tn chng ch
IEEE802
Nm 1982
Nm 1983
Ethernet 2.0
IEEE803
CMSA/CD
IEEE802.3
10BASE5
IEEE802.3a
10BASE2
IEEE802.3i
10BASE-T
IEEE802.3y
100BASE-T2
IEEE802.3u
100BASE-T4,TX,FX
IEEE802.3ab
1000BASE-T
106
Li nhun
Chi ph
im ho vn
Sales line
Li nhun
Chi
ph
Gi
bin i
thnh
Loss
Doanh thu
Break even
sales
p n cu 160: A
T l vn ch s hu = (vn ch s hu / tng vn x 100). Th hin mc an ton trong
c cu vn ca doanh nghip.
T l tin mt trong ti khon = (tin mt trong ti khon n lu ng x 100). Cho bit
kh nng c th c tin mt thanh ton ngay lp tc.
T l vn c nh = (ti sn c nh / vn ch s hu x 100). Th hin mc c nh ho
ca vn
T l cng n = (n / vn ch s hu x 100). Th hin t l cng n trn tng vn ch s
hu c hp l hay khng.
T l vn lu ng = (ti sn lu ng / n lu ng x 100), gi tr ny cng ln th kh
nng thanh ton cng cao.
p n cu 161: E
im chnh: Ngy bt u trin khai sm nht l thi im sm nht m c th bt u
cc thao tc ti cc giao im.
Gii thch: Ngy bt u trin khai sm nht (s trn) v ngy kt thc mun nht (s
di) ti cc im nh sau:
107
7
10
0
0
9
9
9
G
2
12
23
23
Ngy
bt
sm nht
Ngy
kt
thc
mun nht
9
L
I
8
J
12
E
4
F
22
15
16
13
15
13
4
19
19
ng ti hn (gng)
p n cu 162: A
7 cng c ca hot ng qun l cht lng (QC Quality control) gm: s Pareto,
biu c tnh nguyn nhn kt qu, bng kim, th , th phn b, phn tng v s
qun l. 7 cng c QC mi l: phng php v biu lin quan, phng php v biu
hp dn (phng php KJ), phng php h thng, phng php ma trn, phng php
phn tch d liu ma trn, phng php PDPC, biu quy trnh
p n cu 163: E
Gii thch: Tnh xc sut rt c l bi A trong trng hp rt mt l v trng hp rt
hai l, v xc sut xy ra l ng thi nn ch cn tnh tch ca hai xc sut l c.
J,Q,K c tt c l 12 l.
Xc sut rt c l bi J,Q,K trong trng hp rt l th nht = 12/52 = 3/13
Xc sut rt c l bi J,Q,K trong trng hp rt l th hai = 11/51
Do :
Xc sut c hai l u l qun hnh ngi J,Q,K = (3/13) x (11/51) = 11/221
p n cu 164: B
Cng thc:
Phn tn = {(d liu 1 bnh qun)2 + (d liu 2 bnh qun)2 + .(d liu n bnh
qun)2} s d liu n
Gii thch: Bnh qun = (5 + 6 + 9 + 11 + 14) 5 = 9
Phn tn = {(5 9)2 + (6 9)2 + (9 9)2 + (11 9)2 + (14 9)2} 5 = (16 + 9 + 0 + 4 +
25) 5 = 54 5 = 10.8
108
p n cu 165: C
Cng thc:
Ly s ngi ngh vic l n, gi tr mong mun E(n) s bng:
E(n) = n x P
Mt khc, phn tn V(n) bng:
V(n) = n x P x (1 P)
Gii thch: Cn c vo hai cng thc trn tnh gi tr mong mun ca s ngi ngh
vic, ta c: 500 x 0,01 = 5. phn tn l 500 x 0,01 x 0,99 = 495. Khi mun tnh ton
gi tr mong mun ca bin s ngu nhin n v phn tn theo phn b nh thc, nu
cn c vo cng thc, s tnh c ht sc d dng.
p n cu 166: D
S phn b (scatter plot graph): nh du im trn mt trc tung v trc honh.
Biu : phn chia phm vi d liu tn ti thnh nhiu phn on, th hin tn sut xut
hin ca cc phn on bng biu hnh ct.
S Pareto: s kt hp gia biu hnh ct biu th s hng mc phn loi v s
ng nt gy biu th tng lu tch.
S hnh mi tn: l mt trong 7 cng c qun l cht lng mi. N cn c gi l s
k hoch lch trnh. Ni cc thao tc lin k vi nhau bng du mi tn, v th hin
thnh mng li.
PDPC: l mt trong 7 cng c qun l cht lng mi. S chng trnh quyt nh quy
trnh (process decision program chart). V thnh s gi s nhiu trng hp khc
nhau.
p n cu 167: C
Tng doanh thu ca tt c cc mt hng l: 500 (nghn yn). 70% ca n l 350 (nghn
yn)
Mt hng
Doanh thu
T l
150
30%
1-2
250
50%
1-3
330
66%
1-4
400
80%
1-5
450
90%
1-6
480
96%
1-7
500
100%
Mt hng t 1~4 chim qu 70% doanh thu.Nh vy, 4 mt hng t 1~4 l ca nhm A.
p n cu 168: B
109
MIS
FA System
MRP
CAE
CAD
EOS
System
OA
System
CAPP
CAP
CAM
p n cu 171: C
CAM (computer aided manufacturing): qun l ti sn. Kt hp vi CAD, tin hnh lp
trnh NC, lp trnh r-bt.
CAP (computer aided planning): k hoch lch trnh. Ln lch trnh thao tc v b tr my
110
mc cn c vo k hoch sn xut.
CAE (computer aided engineering): nghin cu pht trin. Quyt nh hnh thc v cu
to ca sn phm, tin hnh d bo tnh nng v m phng sn phm.
CAPP (computer aided process planning): k hoch quy trnh. Cn c vo hnh thc ca
sn phm c xc nh ti cng on CAD, quyt nh trnh t thi cng, la chn my
mc, v tnh ton thi gian thi cng.
MIS (management information system): h thng a ra quyt nh kinh doanh ti doanh
nghip.
p n cu 172: D
Trong h thng kinh doanh, c nhng yu t sau:
- H thng thng tin k ton
- H thng OA (office automation )
- Phn mm nhm (groupware)
- H thng POS (point of system)
- H thng EOS (Electronic Ordering System)
- H thng ti chnh (financial system)
- H thng EDI (Electronic data interchange)
- H thng CALS (commerce at light speed)
- H thng EC (thng mi in t - electronic commerce)
CAD l h thng thc hin thao tc thit k, thuc v h thng k s (engineering
system).
p n cu 173: D
B to B (Business to business - doanh nghip vi doanh nghip): giao dch gia cc doanh
nghip vi nhau.
B to C (Business to consumer doanh nghip vi ngi tiu dng): doanh nghip m mt
ca hng trn internet ri tin hnh bn hng ho, m nhc, tranh nh, tr chi
C to C (consumer to consumer - ngi tiu dng vi ngi tiu dng): giao dch gia
nhng ngi tiu dng vi nhau m khng thng qua doanh nghip. Thng thng, cc
cng ty thng mi s tin hnh kinh doanh thng qua cuc u gi t chc trn mng.
Giao dch trc tuyn (online trade) l giao dch c phiu trn mng internet. L mt hnh
thc ca B to C.
E-market place: ni giao dch gia cc doanh nghip trn mng internet. L mt hnh thc
ca B to B.
p n cu 174: C
My scan: thit b c thng tin hnh nh.
Thit b u cui my tnh cm tay (handy terminal): l thit b cm tay loi nh c kt
ni vi OCR hay BCR, c s dng trong nhng trng hp nh khi kim k hng ho.
OCR: thit b c k t in bng phng php phn quang.
BCR: thit b c m vch.
Thit b qun l lu tr (store controller) l thit b khi nhn c thng tin m vch ca
hng ho do my ghi cung cp, s phn hi ngay lp tc thng tin v gi c v tn mt
hng . Ho n s c in ra cn c theo nhng thng tin .
111
p n cu 175: A
WIPO - T chc s hu tr tu th gii (World Intellectual Property Organization): l c
quan chuyn mn ca Lin Hp Quc ph trch nhng vn v quyn s hu tr tu.
UNESCO - T chc khoa hc gio dc v vn ho ca Lin Hp Quc (United Nations
Educational Science and Cultural Organization): khng lin quan n quyn s hu tr
tu.
ITU - T chc thng tin quc t (Internation Telecomunication Unit).
BIRPI Vn phng quc t v bo v quyn s hu tr tu. Tin thn ca WIPO.
ISO - T chc tiu chun quc t (International Organization for Standardization)
p n cu 176: B
Trn th gii, c nhng quyn sau c coi l quyn s hu tr tu:
- Quyn tc gi
- Quyn sng ch
- Quyn gii php hu ch
Quyn s hu cng nghip
- Quyn kiu dng
- Quyn nhn hiu
- Quyn s dng v b tr mch bn dn
- Quyn ging vt nui v cy trng
p n cu 177: C
Quyn tc gi: quyn i vi tc phm c cha chng trnh, c s d liu.
Quyn kiu dng: quyn c quyn i vi vic ch tc, s dng v phn phi sn phm
c kiu dng nht nh.
Quyn nhn hiu: quyn c s dng mt cch c quyn i vi nhn hiu ng k
cho mt hng ho nht nh.
Quyn sng ch: quyn c quyn i vi nhng pht minh u vit.
Quyn gii php hu ch: l pht minh nhng khng mc cao nh sng ch. Quyn
c quyn i vi vic ch tc, s dng v phn phi sn phm.
p n cu 178: A
M ISO: l m k t do T chc tiu chun quc t (ISO) quy nh di dng quy tc
"ISO 646"
M JIS: l m 2 byte do Tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn quy nh da trn "ISO 646",
s dng c k hiu, ch Hn (Kanji), ch Hiragana (ch mm) v ch Katakana (ch
cng).
M Shift-JIS: cng tng t nh m JIS, s dng m 2 byte nh ch Hn
M UNICODE: l loi s dng tt c cc loi k t trn th gii, trong bao gm c ch
Hn, bng mt tiu chun m ha 2 byte thng nht.
112
113
FE HANDBOOK
(AFTERNOON QUESTIONS)
S TAY N LUYN FE
(Cu hi bui chiu)
114
HIRATSUKA Ryozo
H Ni 7-2005
115
CU HI
116
Phn
ng
hot
chiu N
Mt chiu >120km
Thi gian di hn 8 gi
Ngh qua m
Mt
>=20km<120km
117
(a)
Ph cp tin n 500 yn
(b)
(a)
(2) Sau cng ty B thay i qui nh (3). V s thay i ny, bng trn s phi sa li.
Phn m t no sai v s sa i ny?
[Nhng qui nh mi sau khi sa i]
118
(3 mi) Trong trng hp khong cch mt chiu ca chuyn cng tc ln hn hoc bng
120km v nhn vin i cng tc t hn 8 ting, cng ty s tr 2000 yn. Nu nhn vin i
cng tc di hn 8 ting v khng ngh qua m, cng ty s tr 2000 yn l tin chi ph
hng ngy v 1000 yn ph cp tin n. Nu nhn vin i di hn 8 ting c ngh qua m,
cng ty s tr 2000 yn chi ph hng ngy v 500 yn ph cp tin n
Cc nhm la chn
A. Cn thm 1 dng m t ph cp tin n 1000 yn vo phn hot ng
B. Khng cn thay i phn hot ng v chi ph hng ngy
C. Khng cn thay i phn hot ng v chi ph khch sn
D. Khng cn thay i dng ph cp tin n 500 yn trong phn hot ng
E. Khng cn thay i phn iu kin
119
II. Cu hi (Son t bi thi bui chiu K st hch Ma Xun 2001 ti Nht Bn)
Hy tr li cu hi sau khi c phn gii thch v S lung d liu.
(Vn )
Trng i hc X c mt s bui hi tho bui ti cho nhng ngi i lm. Mi sinh vin
c th d ti a 4 mn kha trong mt k hc.
(Thu nhn n ng k)
Thi gian ng k bt u 14 ngy trc v kt thc 3 ngy trc khi bt u kha hc.
Mi sinh vin s np n ng k ti bn ng k trong thi gian ny.
B phn ch dn c th x l nhng n ng k c np ti bn ng k trong 2 ngy
tnh t ngy kt thc hn np n ng k cho n trc kha hc.
B phn ch dn kim tra cho nhng n ng k v h s chnh ca sinh vin .
1) B phn ch dn xem c sinh vin no tham d nhiu hn 4 mn hay khng
2) Khi tm thy nhng sinh vin nh vy, h s gi in thoi cho sinh vin v
sinh vin t quyt nh mn hc no cn b.
3) H sa cha n ng k bng cch xa cc mn hc ng k
4) S khng c vic sa cha n ng k ngoi trng hp trn, sau khi n
c np ti bn ng k
5) Khi ghi nhn s b st ca mt n ng k, s khng x l v gi li ti file cc
phn b st chun b yu cu t pha sinh vin.
Khi mi sinh vin quyt nh mn hc tham gia, b phn ch dn s lu li n ng k
v coi nh l giy t chnh cho vic ng k mn hc.
B phn ch dn s lm phiu bin nhn cn c theo n c ng k v gi phiu
ny ti sinh vin.
Cu hi:
Bng sau y l s lung d liu ca cng vic hin ti c chp nhn. S
lung d liu ny cho thy chiu hng t khi sinh vin np n ng k cho ti khi n
ng k chnh c chp nhn. Hy in nhng t thch hp vo trng t a. ti f. bng
cch chn t (1) n (7) trong nhm cu la chn sau:
120
S/vin
Thng tin
sinh vin
Kim
tra
S/vin
Mn
b i
b
Gi
in
n ng
k
Thay
i
Mn
b i
d
n c
thay i
Nhm cu la chn:
(1) Cc n ng k (gi thuyt l) vt qu s mn hc
(2) File lu tr cc n ng k c ghi nhn s b st
(3) Cc n ng k c ghi nhn s b st
(4) H s chnh ca cc sinh vin
(5) H s chnh v cc n ng k
(6) Cc n ng k m b phn ch dn x l xong
(7) Cc n ng k khng c li.
121
III. Cu hi (Son t bi thi bui chiu phn 2 ca K st hch Ma thu 2002 ti Nht
Bn)
Tr li cu hi sau khi c gii thch v S chuyn trng thi
Cu hi:
Cho m t v h thng t ch phng hp ca cng ty c kh U.
Cng ty U c 5 phng hp. Mi nhn vin u c th t phng hp khi phng hp
cha b bn. Trong cng ty c mng my tnh cho cc nhn vin. Nhn vin cng ty c th
truy cp h thng t phng c ci t ti my ch mng.
Sau y l nhng nt chnh v h thng t phng
[Tham kho tnh trng t phng]
1. Khi khi ng h thng t phng, my tnh s hin th phn Xem tnh trng t
phng vo ngy khi ng h thng.
2. Nu ngi s dng nhp vo ngy (ddmmyy) theo yu cu trong phn Xem
tnh trng t phng, my tnh s hin th phn Xem thng tin chi tit v vic
t phng ca ngy c a vo (ngy cp nht).
3. Nu ngi s dng chn trong phn Xem tnh trng t phng, my tnh s
hin th phn Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng
4. Nu s hiu nhn vin (ID) ca ngi t phng trng vi s hiu ng nhp ca
ngi s dng, my tnh s cho php la chn Thay i t phng, Hy b t
phng v ng phn xem trong phn Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t
phng. Nu s hiu nhn vin ca ngi t phng khng trng vi s hiu ng
nhp ca ngi s dng, my tnh ch cho php chn ng phn xem.
5. Khi ngi s dng chn ng phn xem trong Xem thng tin chi tit v vic
t phng, my tnh s hin th Xem tnh trng t phng
[ng k t phng]
1. Nu ngi s dng chn ng k t phng trong Xem tnh trng t phng,
my tnh hin th Xem ng k t phng v t ng t s hiu nhn vin ca
ngi thnh s hiu ng nhp ca ngi dng.
2. Khi ng k t phng, ngi dng a vo Ngy s dng, S hiu phng
hp, Thi gian bt u, Thi gian kt thc, Mc ch s dng v S
ngi.
3. Nu in y ton b cc iu kin s dng, my tnh cho php ng k Bng
t phng hp v hin th Xem tnh trng t phng. Nu khng in y
thng s, my tnh s hin th iu kin li.
[Thay i t phng]
1. Nu ngi dng chn Thay i t phng trong Xem tnh trng t phng,
my tnh s hin th Xem thay i t phng.
122
[Cc t chn]
A: thng tin chi tit
C: ng k t phng
Xc Nhn
IV. Cu hi
Bng sau y l xc sut v thi tit ca mt khu vc. S dng phng php S
chuyn trng thi
0,4
Tt
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,3
Nh
0,3
iu
0,2
0,4
0,5
Hm nay tri ma. Xc sut ngy kia thi tit tt l bao nhiu?
124
P N
125
I. Tr li
(1) (a)-C, (b)-B, (2) D
Gii thch:
Di y l cu trc ca bng quyt nh
Tiu bng quyt inh
Phn
iu kin
iu kin th
iu kin thc
(Gii thch v tng iu kin v phi (Y hoc N cho thy s kt
bao gm tt c cc iu kin)
hp ca cc iu kin)
Phn
hot ng
Hot ng th
Hot ng thc
(Gii thch v tng hot ng v phi X hoc - cho thy cc kt qu
bao gm tt c cc kt qu)
c tha mn.
Chng ta phi phn tch c th qui nh (3 mi) v kim tra xem c cn thay i bng tnh
hay khng.
Nu khong cch mt chiu ca chuyn cng tc di hn hoc bng 120km, v
nhn vin i cng tc di 8 ting -->Chi ph hng ngy l 2000 yn -->khng cn
thay i.
Nu nhn vin i cng tc di hn 8 ting v khng cn ngh li qua m -->Chi
ph hng ngy l 2000 yn, ph cp tin n l 1000 yn -->cn thay i
Nu nhn vin i cng tc di hn 8 ting v ngh li qua m --> Chi ph hng
ngy l 2000 yn v ph cp tin n l 500 yn -->khng cn thay i.
V vy, nhng im thay i l ph cp tin n v tin khch sn (hoc c hoc khng).
Chng ta khng cn thay i phn iu kin ca bng tnh, nhng c mt s im phi
thay i trong phn hot ng. Cho nn Ph cp tin n trong phn hot ng thc cn
c thay i, v vy la chn D l sai. Cu tr li l D.
127
II. Tr li:
a-(4), b-(1), c-(3), d-(7), e-(2), f-(5)
Gii thch:
y l hnh v in hnh ca s lung d liu. C 4 loi biu tng.
Cc biu tng ca s lung d liu
(Tn)
(Tn)
Mi tn lung d liu
X l
(Tn)
(Tn)
Lu tr d liu
(s ci h s chnh tp tin)
Ngun d liu hoc
Trong phn ny, ch c 2 loi biu tng cn phi lm r, l Mi tn lung d liu v
Lu tr d liu.
Trong nhm la chn c 7 cm t. Tt hn c l phn loi nhm ny thnh cc loi biu
tng.
Lu tr d liu
trng a, e, f
Tn ca lung d liu phi]
{1} Cc n ng k (gi thuyt l) vt
qu yu cu.
{3} Cc n ng k c ghi nhn s b
st.
{6} Cc n ng k m b phn ch dn
x l xong.
{7} Cc n ng k khng c li.
Lu tr d liu
trng a, e, f
Tn ca lung d liu phi] tp tin
hoc ni lu tr
{2} File lu tr cc n ng k c ghi
nhn s b st.
{4} H s chnh ca cc sinh vin
{5} H s chnh v cc n ng k.
Sau khi phn loi v xem xt, vn trn khng kh gii quyt. Mt s nhm la chn
trong cu hi cng xut hin ti S lung d liu.
128
III. Tr li:
[W] -C, [X] -B,
[Y] -D,
[Z] -A
Gii thch
(1) V trng [X], [Z].
Dng vn [Hy b t phng] (2) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng chn OK trong
Xem xc nhn hy b my tnh s xa ni dung t phng trong Bng t phng hp
v hin th Xem tnh trng t phng. (3) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng chn Hy
trong Xem xc nhn hy b, my tnh s gi li ni dung t phng v hin th Xem
thng tin chi tit v vic t phng. V vy, lu rng trng [X], [Z] c th l B:
Xem tnh trng t phng hoc A: Chi tit thng tin
(2) V
Dng vn [Hy b t phng] (1) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng la chn Hy b
t phng trong Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng, my tnh hin th Xem xc
nhn hy b. V vy
gia
xc
nhn hy v thng Xc nhn hy b
tin chi tit c
Thng tin chi tit
quan h.
y l lung x l hai chiu. V vy, lu rng trng [Z] l A: thng tin chi tit,
trng [X] l B: Xem tnh trng t phng.
(3) V trng[W], [Y].
Bi v [Thay i t phng] (1) cho thy rng Nu ngi dng chn Thay i t
phng trong Xem thng tin chi tit v vic t phng, my tnh hin th Xem thay i
t phng. trng [Y] l D: Thay i t phng. trng cn li [W] phi l C: ng
k t phng.
ng k t
Ngy
cp
Tnh Trng
t phng
ng k t
phng
in
OK
ng
Hy
Xc nhn
hy
Thay i t
phng
in
129
Hy
IV. Tr li :
33%
Gii thch:
C 3 t hp cho thy rng 2 ngy sau thi tit s tt
1: Ma > Tt > Tt
2: Ma > Nhiu my > Tt
3: Ma > Ma > Tt
V vy, tnh ton tng xc sut (Pn)
P1: 0.3 x 0.4 = 0.12
P2: 0.5 x 0.3 = 0.15
P3: 0.2 x 0.3 = 0.06
Tng cc kh nng s l 0.12 + 0.15 + 0.06 = 0.33
V vy cu tr li l 33%.
130