Christopher Wu ()

Case 1-1
Dry cough with sputum
Disease or sicknesses with dry coup and sputum
o Acute sinusitis
o Chronic sinusitis
o Common cold
o Pneumonia
o Asthma
o Bronchitis
o Emphysema
o Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
o Hay fever
o Influenza (flu)
o Laryngitis
Purulent sputum
o Contains pus, composed of white blood cells, cellular debris, dead tissue,
serous fluid, and viscous liquid (mucus). Purulent sputum is typically yellow or
green.
Pneumonia
Legionaires disease
Plague
Hydatid cyst
Amoebic abscess
Immunocompromised
Lung abscess
Streptococcus pneumonia
Klebsiella
Staphylococcus
E-coli
Tuberculosis
Peptostreptococcus
Bacteroides
Streptococuus pneumonia
Green or greenish colored
o Means longstanding respiratory infection
Green is from the degenerative changes in cell debris
Pneumonia, ruptured lung abscess, chronic infectious bronchitis, and
infected bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis
Yellow-greenish (mucopurulent) color
o Suggests treatment with antibiotics can reduce symptoms.
o Green color sputum is caused by degenerating neutrophil Myeloperoxidase
White or Gray Phlegm
o Often an indication of upper respiratory tract infection or sinus congestion.
o Normally, your sinus doesn't drip, but when there's inflammation, either viral
or bacterial, it can cause a drip from your sinus into your throat
o Coughing up gray phlegm may be a sign that the body is trying to get rid of
resins or tars accumulated from excessive smoking or inhalation of large
amounts of air pollutants like smog or dust.
Green or Dark Yellow Phlegm
o May be a sign of a viral or bacterial infection, sinus infection, or lower
respiratory tract infection
o Typically, this occurs when the immune system sends neutrophils, to the area
of infection
o Degenerating neutrophil Myeloperoxidase contain a green protein, which turn
the mucus into a greenish color.

Brown Phlegm
o People who smoke tend to produce more brown phlegm, which often comes
out combined with saliva in a grainy texture
o Due to all the resin, tar, and other particulate matter in cigarettes, which the
body tries to cough back up
Pink Phlegm Pink
o An indicator of pulmonary edema, also known as fluid in the lungs
o Also be a sign of bleeding when seen in small amounts, which show up as a
stain or streak
o Have a frothy texture, which usually occurs in people with pre-existing heart
problems
Bloody Phlegm
o
Streaks of blood in phlegm is a benign sign of bronchitis
o Coughing up a significant amount of blood could also be a sign of tuberculosis,
pneumonia, cancer, or pulmonary embolism,
o More blood than phlegm, or it doesnt stop, you should seek medical attention
immediately because it could mean youre dealing with a more serious health
problem.

Pneumonia
Bacterial pneumonia
o Increase in the amount of sputum, a deep yellow, green or red color to the
sputum
Nonbacterial pneumonia
o Older adults may have different, fewer, or milder symptoms, cough with no
mucus (a dry or nonproductive cough)
Influenza A and B
Most people have runny nose and sore throat, BUT unlike ordinary colds, the flu also
produces a hacking, dry cough
A non-productive (dry) cough that can later become more severe and productive
(sputum or mucous is coughed up)
Pulmonary Edema
Sudden (acute) pulmonary edema
o Cough that produces frothy sputum that may be tinged with blood
High-altitude pulmonary edema symptoms
o Cough that produces frothy sputum that may be tinged with blood
Pulmonary fibrosis
Usually a dry cough that doesn't produce phlegm or mucus.
Tuberculosis
A cough with thick, cloudy, and sometimes bloody mucus from the lungs (sputum) for
more than 2 weeks.
Coughing is your body's way of removing foreign substances and mucus from your lungs and
upper airway passages
cough not accompanied by phlegm production.
dry cough is most often the result of infection by cold and flu viruses
Chronic dry coughs are usually caused by irritation from cigarette smoke, environmental
irritants, allergies, postnasal drip, or asthma. Several chronic lung diseases also cause a dry,
hacking cough. Some people cough out of habit for no clear reason.

Whooping cough (pertussis).

Influenza.
A swallowed or inhaled object.
Mycoplasma pneumonia.
Side effects from some heart and blood pressure medicines.
Viral illnesses that may occur frequently, such as the common cold.