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Laminar flow:
Where the fluid moves slowly in layers in a pipe, without much
mixing among the layers.
Turbulent flow
Opposite of laminar, where considerable mixing occurs,
velocities are high.
NR =
V D
VD
Problem 8.1:
Determine the Reynolds number for
Glycerin at 25C
Pipe at D = 150 mm = 0.15 m
Velocity = V = 3.6 m/s
= 1258 kg/m3
= 0.96 Pa.s or (kg/m.s)
NR =
V D
Similarly,
Another equation was developed to compute hL under Laminar
flow conditions only
hL
32 L V
=
D2
64
64
f =
=
V D NR
Thus the friction factor is a function of Reynolds number!
NR =
V D
10
Roughness (m)
3.0 x 10-7
4.6 x 10-5
1.5 x 10-4
1.2 x 10-4
11
12
13
14
f =
0.25
2
5.74
1
+ 0.9
log
3
.
7
(
/
)
D
N R
15
NR =
V D
VD
16
f = 0.0038.
17
Hazen-William formula
Alternate formula to compute head loss due to friction
Applicable for
- Water
- D larger than 2 inches and less than 6ft
- Velocity should not exceed 10 ft/s
The formula is unit-specific
For SI units
Q
hL = L
0.63
A
C
R
0
.
85
h
1.852
Where
18
20
Given
Water moving in the system
Q = 1.20 ft3/s
Calculate TOTAL head loss due to valves, bends, and pipe
friction.
How should we proceed???????????
21
hL = 25 (24.4)2/2*32.2 = 15.75 ft
22
Q = 0.014 m3/s
Fluid Oil at Sg = 0.86; = 0.86 * 9.81 = 8.44 kN/m3
hL = head loss due to friction, fittings, etc. = 1.86 Nm/N
Energy added by Pump????????????????????
23
24
25
26
PI = 3.85 hp
Q = 500 gal/min of oil = 1.11 ft3/s
of oil = 56.0 lb/ft3
What is PA????
And what is efficiency (em) ????
So how do you proceed????????????????????
27
o y = p2
A1 = 0.2006 ft2
A2 = 0.0884 ft2
V1 = 5.55 ft/s
V2 = 12.6 ft/s
(v22 - v12 ) / 2g = 1.99 ft
Substituting the terms
hA = (p2 p1) / + (z2 z1) + (v22 - v12 ) / 2g
hA = 24.0 + 0 + 1.99 = 25.99 ft
PA = hA
= 1620/550 = 2.95 hp
em = 2.95/3.85 = 0.77
We have the answer!
29
ASSIGNMENT # 6
1. 7.7M
2. 7.13M
3. 8.1E
4. 8.33E
30