DEFINITIONS ABOUT LLS Optional task

LLS are the techniques or devices that learners use to

acquire a second Language knowledge. RUBIN 1975
LLS are some general order approaches to learning
which govern the choice of specific techniques. STERN
1975.
LLS are techniques, approaches, or deliberate actions
that students take in order to facilitate learning and
recall of both linguistic and content area information.
CHAMOT 1987
Refer to what learners do to learn and do to regulate
their learning. WENDEN AND RUBIN 1987.

LLS are plans and/or actions that learners take to

enhance the process of language learning. MOHAMED
AMIN EMBI 1996
LLS are steps taken by the learner to aid the
acquisition,

storage

and

retrieval

of

information.

OXFORD 1989

LLS

are

specific

actions,

behaviours,

steps

or

techniques that students use to improve their progress

in developing second language skills. OXFORD 1993

 LLS are mental operations that learners used to

accomplish learning tasks. COHEN 1989

LLS

are

an

attempt

to

develop

linguistic

and

sociolinguistic competence in the target language to

incorporate

these

into

ones

interlanguage

competence. TARONE 1983

Language learning strategies is a generally a more or

less deliberate approaches to learning. NAIMAN 1978

LLS are methods or conscious enterprise for exploiting

available

information

to

improve

competence

in

second language. BAILYSTOK 1978.

SOURCES:
- Language learning strategies and suggested model in
adults processes of learning second language. Masoud
Gholamali Lavasani, Fereshteh Faryadres.
- Methodology in Language Teaching and Anthology of
current

practice.

Jack

C.

Richards

and

Willy

A.

Renandya (2002)- chapter 11

- Definitions of language learning strategies
http://docslide.us/education/definitions-oflanguage-learning-strategies.html
- 5 Prominent Figures of LLS
http://es.calameo.com/read/00171842625ff5888e
a74

- Chapter 2- Literature review

http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/3
7301/6/51013306.pdf