1 Learn Spanish E-Book

Learn Spanish
Published by Discs Direct
Contents
Language note
Alphabet
Pronunciation Guide
Stress & Accent Marks
10
Basic Phrases
11
Greetings
15
Numbers
16
Vocabulary
18
Grammar basics
33
False Friends
58
Spanish - English Dictionary
64
English - Spanish Dictionary
80
Food Glossary
96
Check bookmarks on the left for more detailed contents info.
Learn Spanish E-book

Published and distributed by Discs Direct.
You can print the book for academic reasons.
All rights reserved. Copyright 2004 Discs Direct.
Espaol - Language note

Spanish is the third most popular language of the world.
It belongs to the Ibero-Romance family of languages and is most closely related to Catalan,
Galician and Portuguese.
There are around 40 million Spanish speakers within Spain and many more in other
countries (see below).
Spanish is the official language in Spain, including the Balearic and Canary Islands and the
Northern African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla. There are Spanish-speaking communities
in the UK, France and Germany. It is one of the official languages of the European Union
and of the United Nations.
Spanish uses the Latin alphabet and the acute accent on vowels to indicate stressed
syllables. and are exclusive to Spanish and represent a single letter and not a
modification of n. It's also the only language to use the opening question and exclamation
marks
Country - Number of Spanish Speakers:

Mexico - 91 million
Colombia - 41.9 million
Argentina - 35.6 million
Spain - 39.9 million
Venezuela - 23.3 million
USA - 20.7 million
Peru - 20.4 million
Chile - 13.6 million
Ecuador - 11.8 million
Dominican Republic - 8.2 million
The Alphabet
The Spanish alphabet consists of 29 letters:
a, b, c, ch, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, ll, m, n, , o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z
Below you can see the capital letters along with name of each letter and one word starting
with that letter.
A: a
B: be
C: ce
CH: che
D: de
E: e
F: efe
G: ge
H: hache
I: i
J: jota
K: ka
L: ele
LL: elle
M: eme
N: ene
: ee
O: o
P: pe
Q: cu
R: ere
S: ese
T: te
U: u
V: ve
W: doble u
X: equis
Y: i griega
Z: zeta
azul (adj) - blue

bandera (nf) - flag
cerdo (nm) - pig, hog
chico (nm) - boy
dedo (nm) - finger
escarabajo (nm) - beetle
fruta (nf) - fruit
gatito (nm) - kitten
hombre (nm) - man
insecto (nm) - insect
joya (nf) - jewel
kilmetro (nm) - kilometre
lago (nm) -lake
llover (v) rain
mar (nf, nm) sea
noche (nf) - night
ame (nm) - yam
ocano (nm) - ocean
pap (nm) - dad
quiz - maybe
reina (nf) - queen
silla (nf) - chair
tiburn (nm) - shark
uva (nf) - grape
vaca (nf) - cow
wok (nm) - wok
xilfono (nm) - xylophone
y (conj) - and
zorro (nm) - fox
Pronounciation Guide
Vowels
All vowels in Spanish make only one sound each:

a . . . sounds like . . . ah as in "father"
The Spanish "a" is a short sharp sound like "hat" in English
Examples: pato - apio - loca
e
The Spanish "e" is like the ehh in "bet" in English
Examples: elegir - xito - sed
i . . . sounds like . . . ee as in "bee"

The Spanish "i" is like the "ee" in "seen", but a bit shorter
Examples: sin - mircoles - idiota
o . . sounds like . . . oh as in "go"

The Spanish "o" can have two sounds. When it is at the end of a word it is like the
"o" in note e.g. "pato"
When it is before a consonant it is shorter, like "pot" or "cot" e.g. "boda". This
difference is very subtle
Examples: pato - apio - loca
u . . . sounds like . . . oo as in "to"

The Spanish "u" is like the "oo" in "food"
Note: It is silent after "q" and in "gue" and "gui"
The exceptions are marked with a diaeresis eg: antigedad. The "" is quite rare.
Examples: luna - puro - mudo
Diphtongs:
ai ay
The Spanish "ai" is like the "i" in "side"
Examples: aislar - paisaje - vaina - haya
au
The Spanish "au" is like the "ou" in "sound"
Examples: causa - pausa - audio - audiencia
ei ey
The Spanish "ei" and "ey" sound like the "ay" in say
Examples: rey - peine - seis
eu
The Spanish "eu" has no English equivalent and is difficult to define.
It is just the sounds of "e" and "u" together. It is not very common.
Examples: deuda - neutral - reumatismo
oi oy
The Spanish "oi" and "oy" are like the "oy" in boy
Examples: soy - doy - boicot - sois - coyote
Semi-consonants:
ie y
The Spanish "y" and "ie" have the "y" sound in "yes" .
Note that the word "y" meaning "and" sounds like the Spanish "i"
Examples: hielo - yerno - yeso - tierno - miedo
u
The Spanish "u + vowel" sounds like the "w" in "win"
Note that when "u" is followed by a vowel it normally has the "w" sound
Examples: fuente - huevo - agua - fui - fuimos - cuota
Consonants
Most consonants are the same as in English,

except: c g h j ll r rr v z
b
The Spanish "b" is almost exactly the same as an English "b"
(Note: Both "b" and "v" have the "b" sound in Spanish)
Examples: bomba - enviar - voy - Crdoba
c (hard c)
The Spanish "c" has the English "k" sound except when it comes before "e" and "i"
Examples: academia - con - Ecuador - cola
c (soft c)
Before "e" and "i" it has a "th" sound as in "thin"
(Note: c is an "s" sound in Latin America, or a "th" sound in Spain)
Examples: sociedad - recibir - receta
ch
The Spanish "ch" is the same as the "ch" in church
Examples: bochorno - champn - champin - champ
d
The Spanish "d" is very similar to the English
"d" when it comes at the end of a word it can have a "th" like sound eg. Madrid, verdad
Examples: del - definir - ciudad - domingo
f
The Spanish "f" is the same as the English "f"
Examples: frer - difcil - afeitar - foro
g (hard g)
The Spanish "g" is like the English "g" unless it comes before "i" and "e".
Examples: Galicia - golpe - guante - iglesia
g (soft g)
The Spanish "g" is like the Spanish "j" when it comes before "i" and "e".
It makes the soft "h" sound, like the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"
Some other words which have this sound are: gemelo - geranio - gimnasio - gitano
h
The Spanish "h" is always silent
Examples: honor - Alhambra - rehacer
j
The Spanish "j" is a strong guttural (throaty) sound similar to the "ch" in the Scottish "loch"
Examples: jota - jabn - lenguaje - eje
k
The Spanish "k" is the same as the English "k". It is very uncommon in Spanish
Examples: kilo - kilovatio - kiosco - kiwi
l
The Spanish "l" is the same as the English "l"
Examples: lobo - lmpara - ladrn
ll
The Spanish "ll" makes a drawn-out sound like the "y" in yes
Examples: taller - valle - llamar - llover - lleno- Mallorca
m
The Spanish "m" is the same as the English "m"
Examples: mama - tomar - malo - mixta - mano
n
The Spanish "n" is the same as the English "n"
Examples: nadar - nadie - no - uno - nada
The Spanish "" is like the "ni" in "onion" in English

Examples: bao - caa - rin - teir
p
The Spanish "p" is the same as the "p" in English

Examples: pato - apio - lpiz
q
The Spanish "q" is pronounced like the English "k" in "kick"
Examples: queso - qu - querer - quince
(Please note that the u after q is silent unlike in English, so qu makes a "k" sound not "kw")
r
The Spanish "r" is a similar to the English "r" but it is stronger (is rolled)
Examples: rabo - radio - mar
rr
The Spanish "rr" does not exist in English. It is a very strong "r" with a trill (it's rolled
emphatically).
Many English speakers find this sound very difficult to pronounce.
Examples: puerro - berro - carro - guerra - parra - barrio
s
The Spanish "s" has two sounds.
It is pronounced the same as "s" sound in "sit" except when it comes before b, d, g, l, m, n
Examples: saber - sobre - cosas - asunto
It can have a "zzz" sound when it comes before b, d, g, l, m, n
Examples: mismo - desde - asno
t
The Spanish "t" is very similar to the "t" in English.
In Spanish the tongue is placed closer to the teeth and there is less aspiration.
Examples: trigo - tomar- todo - patata
v
makes the "b" sound
x
The Spanish "x" is similar to the English pronunciation and it has a "ks" sound.
Examples: extra - sexto- exacto - xito
z
The Spanish "z" has the "th" sound in the English thin.
Examples: zona - cazar - zorro - luz
Please note: Z . . . is an "Z" sound in Latin America, or a "TH" sound in Spain
Stress and Accent Marks

Knowing how letters are pronounced is only one aspect of learning Spanish pronunciation.
Another key aspect is knowing which syllable should be stressed.
Fortunately, in Spanish the rules for stress (also known as accent) are simple.
In fact, there are only three basic rules that cover nearly every word:
1. If a word ends in a vowel, n or s, the stress is on the next to last syllable. For example,
toro, computadora, joven and zapatos all have their accent on the next-to-last syllable. Most
words fit this category.
2. Words than end in other letters have the stress on the last syllable. For example, hotel,
hablar, madador and virtud all have the accent on the final syllable.
3. If a word isn't pronounced according to the above two rules, an accent is placed over the
vowel of the syllable that gets the stress. For example, comn, lpiz, mdico, ingls, and
ojal all have the stress on the indicated syllable.
The only exceptions to the above words are some words of foreign origin, generally words
adopted from English, that retain their original spelling and pronunciation. Also personal
names and place names of foreign origin usually are written without accents.
Note that some publications and signs do not use accent marks over capital letters, although
it is normally best to use them when possible.
Capital letters
In Spanish, days, months, languages and nationalities do not use a capital letter. Only names
of people and places do.
10
Basic Phrases (Spanish English)

Hola - Hi
Me llamo... - My name is...
Encantado, -a - Nice to meet you
S - Yes
No - No
Hablo un poco - I speak a little
en espaol - in Spanish
en ingls - in English
Adis - Goodbye
Gracias - Thank you
por favor - please
el hotel - the hotel
Tiene...? - Have you got...?
una habitacin - a room
doble - double
individual - single
el bao - the bathroom
Para cuntos das? - For how many days?
Tengo una reserva - I have a reservation
Su nombre? - Your name?
Su pasaporte? - Your passport?
Qu va a tomar? - What would you like?
un bocadillo - a filled roll
una tortilla espaola - a Spanish omelette
unas patatas fritas - chips
de primero - as first course
de segundo - as second course
11
el men - the menu

Para beber? - And to drink?
una cerveza - a beer
un vino tinto - a glass of red wine
un vaso de agua - a glass of water
la cuenta - the bill
Hay... por aqu? - Is there... around here?
un supermercado - a supermarket
una farmacia - a chemist's
abierto - open
cerrado - closed
Tiene...? - Have you got...?
Qu talla? - What size?
grande - big
pequeo - small
Cunto cuesta? - How much does it cost?
Algo ms? - Anything else?
Perdn - Excuse me
Dnde est? - Where is?
todo recto - straight ahead
enfrente - opposite
a la izquierda - on the left
a la derecha - on the right
Est cerca - It's nearby
Est lejos - It's far away
un billete para... - a ticket to...
de ida - one way
de ida y vuelta - return
Soy principiante. - Im a beginner.
Tengo un nivel...medio/avanzado. - I'm intermediate/advanced.
12
Common phrases (English Spanish)
Can you help me? - Me puede ayudar?; Me ayuda por favor?

Do you speak English? - Hablas ingls?
Do you understand English? - Entiende el ingls?
Good afternoon - Buenas tardes
Good-bye. - Adis.
Good evening - Buenas noches
Good morning - Buenos dias
Good night - Buenas noches
Happy birthday! - Feliz cumpleaos!
Happy New Year! - Feliz Ao Nuevo!
Hello - hola!
Help me please. - Aydeme por favor.
How? - Cmo?
How are you? - Cmo ests?
How do you say...? - Cmo se dice...?
How much does it cost? - Cunto es?
How old are you? - Cuntos aos tienes?
I am... - Estoy...
I am called...(My name is...) - Me llamo...
I am from... - Soy de...
I am fine. - Estoy bien.
I am happy. - Estoy alegre.
I am hungry. - Tengo hambre.
I am lost. - Estoy perdido.
I am sad. - Estoy triste.
I am sick. - Estoy enfermo.
I don't know. - No lo s.
I don't like it. - No me gusta.
I don't speak Spanish. - No hablo espaol.
I don't understand.
No entiendo. - No comprendo.
I have... - Tengo...
I like it. - Me gusta.
I love you. - Te amo.
I need a doctor. - Necesito un mdico.
I would like... - Me gustaria...
maybe - quiz
My name is... - Me llamo...
Nice to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle. Mucho gusto.
no - no
please - por favor
Pleased to meet you. - Encantado de conocerle.
Please help me. - Aydeme, por favor.
Please repeat that. - Podria repetir, por favor?
See you later. - Hasta luego.
Thank you. - Gracias.
what - qu
13
What is your name? - Cmo te llamas?

What time is it? - Que hora es? ??
when - cundo
where - dnde
which - cul
Where are you from? - De dnde eres?
Where is the bathroom? - Donde esta el bao? ??
who - quin ??
why - por qu
yes - si
You're welcome. - De nada.
Conversation practice
Who's there? - Quin es?
What is your mother's name? - Cmo se llama tu madre?
What is your father's name? - Cmo se llama tu padre?
How do you spell your name? - Cmo se escribe tu nombre?
How are you? - Cmo est?
Where are you from? - De dnde viene?
Where do you live? - Dnde vives?
Where were you born? - Dnde naci usted?
How old are you? - Cuntos aos tienes?
Do you have brothers or sisters? - Tienes t hermanos o hermanas?
Do you have any pets (animals) at home? - Tiene usted mascotas en casa?
How many people are in your family? - Cuntas personas hay en tu familia?
What is your telephone number? - Cul es su nmero de telfono?
What time is it? - Qu hora es?
What day is it today? - Qu da es hoy?
What day was yesterday? - Qu da fue ayer?
What day is tomorrow? - Qu da es maana?
What is the date? - Cul es la fecha de hoy?
14
When do you eat lunch? - A qu hora comes t el almuerzo?

What's the weather like? - Qu tiempo hace?
How many are there? - Cunto hay?
How much is that? - Cunto cuesta eso? or Cunto es?
What color is this? - Qu color es?
What is your favorite color? - Cul es tu color favorito?
What is this? - Qu es esto?
Do you have any questions? - Tiene algunas preguntas?
Do you understand? - Entiende? or Comprende?
Can you repeat that, please? - Me lo repite, por favor?
Where is it? - Dnde est?
Where are you going? - Adnde va usted?
Why is that? - Y eso por qu?
Why not? - Por qu no?
Whose is that? - De quin es eso?
What would you like? - Qu desea?
Can you help me please? - Puede usted ayudarme, por favor?
Where is the bathroom? - Dnde esta el bao?
Greetings
Hola - Hello, hi
Hola, al, jal, bueno, al, diga - Hello (on the telephone). - varies with location.
Adis - Goodbye (An informal alternative in some areas is chau from Italian).
Cmo ests? Cmo est? - How are you?
Muy bien, gracias - Very well, thank you
Buenos das - Good day, good morning (sometimes a shortened form, buen da, is used.)
Buenas tardes - Good afternoon (also used in the early evening)
Buenas noches - Good night (can be used as a greeting as well as a farewell).
15
Cmo te va? Cmo le va? Qu tal? Qu hay? - How's it going? What's happening?
Qu pasa? - What's happening?
Qu hubo? Qu onda? - How is it going? What's happening? (common in Mexico).
Cmo te llamas? Cmo se llama usted? - What's your name?
Me llamo - My name is ...
Mucho gusto. Encantado. - It's a pleasure to meet you.
Bienvenido, bienvenida, bienvenidos, bienvenidas Welcome
(Note the difference in number and gender. Bienvenido would be used with a man,
bienvenida with a woman, bienvenidas with a group of all females, and bienvenidos with
males or a mixed group).
Numbers
There are two kinds of numbers: cardinal and ordinal.
Cardinal numbers are the numbers used for counting:
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
cero
uno/a
dos
tres
cuatro
cinco
seis
siete
ocho
nueve
10 diez
11 once
12 doce
13 trece
14 catorce
15 quince
16 diecisis
17 diecisiete
18 dieciocho
19 diecinueve
20 veinte
21 veintiuno/a
22 veintids
30 treinta
31 treinta y uno/a
16
40 cuarenta
50 cincuenta
60 sesenta
70 setenta
80 ochenta
90 noventa
100 cien(to)
101 ciento uno
200 doscientos/as
300 trescientos/as
400 cuatrocientos/as
500 quinientos/as
600 seiscientos/as
700 setecientos/as
800 ochocientos/as
900 novecientos/as
1.000 mil
1.500 mil quinientos
2.000 dos mil
1.000.000 un milln
Uno in compound numbers loses the -o before masculine nouns, whether singular or plural:
treinta y un das (thirty-one days).
Dates (months and years) are cardinal numbers in Spanish, except for the first of the month:
El 9 (nueve) de marzo de 1995 (mil novecientos noventa y cinco) (the ninth of October,
1995); BUT Hoy es el primero de octubre (Today is October first).
Note that Spanish reverses the English usage of commas and periods in numbers: 1.250
kilmetros = 1,250 kilometers; 1,25 litros = 1.25 liters.
Ordinal Numbers
primer(o)/a - first
segundo/a - second
tercer(o)/a - third
cuarto/a - fourth
quinto/a - fifth
sexto/a - sixth
sptimo/a - seventh
octavo/a - eighth
noveno/a - ninth
dcimo/a - tenth
17
After ten, cardinal numbers are generally used to indicate the ordinals: Alfonso Trece
(Alfonso the Thirteenth); el siglo veinte (the twentieth century).
Vocabulary (grouped by topics)
Days of the week

Sunday - domingo
Monday - lunes
Tuesday - martes
Wednesday miercoles
Thursday - jueves
Friday - viernes
Saturday - sabado
Months of the year

January - enero
February febrero
March - marzo
April - abril
May - mayo
June - junio
July - julio
August - agosto
September - septiembre
October - octubre
November - noviembre
December - diciembre
Shapes - Las Formas

arch - el arco
block - el cubo
circle - el crculo
cone - el cono
crescent - creciente
cube - el cubo
cylinder - el cilindro
diamond - rombo
ellipse - la elipse
18
hemisphere - el hemisferio
hexagon - el hexgono
octagon - el octgono
orb - el orbe
oval - el valo
pentagon - el pentgono
polygons - polgonos
pyramid - la pirmide .
point - el punto
rectangle - el rectngulo
semicircle - semicirculo
shapes - las formas
sphere - esfera
spiral - el espiral
square - el cuadrado
star - la estrella
trapezoid - trapezoide
triangle - el tringulo
wedge - la cua
zigzag - el zigzag
Adjectives
afraid - asustado
alike - parecido/parecida
all - todo
angry - enojado
asleep - dormido
beautiful - bella (female), bello (male)
big - grande
black - negro
blue - azul
bright - luminoso
brown - marrn
clean - limpio
closed - cerrado
cute - linda (female), lindo (male)
dirty - sucio
early - temprano
empty - vaco/vaca
every - cada
fast - rpido
fat - gordo/gorda
frightened - asustado
full - lleno/llena
gray - gris
green - verde
happy - contenta/contento
healthy - saludable
hot - caliente
hungry - hambriento
large - grande
last - ltimo/ltima
late - tarde
19
left - izquierda
loud - fuerte
little - pequeita/pequeito
lost - perdido
less - menos
mad - enojado
many - muchos more - ms
narrow - estrecho, angosto
open - abierto
orange - anaranjado
outdoors - al aire libre
over - sobre
pink - rosa, rosado
purple - morado
quiet - callado/callada
red - rojo
sad - triste
scared - asustado, temeroso
slow - lenta/lento
small - pequea/pequeo
sick - enferma/enfermo
short - baja/bajo
tall - alta/alto
thin - delgado
ugly - feo
unhappy - infeliz
upside down - a revs
violet - violeta
white - blanco
wide - ancho
yellow - amarillo
young - joven
Verbs
to be afraid - tener miedo
break - romper
burn - quemarse
clap - aplaudir
cry - llorar
dance - bailar
draw - dibujar
drink - beber, tomar
eat - comer
erase - borrar
exercise - ejercicio
to fish - pescar
fly - volar
give - dar
hear - or
jog - trotar
juggle - hacer juegos malabares
jump - saltar
20
kneel - arrodillarse
knit - tejer
laugh - rer
leak - tener goteras
learn - aprender
to love - amar
(to send by) mail - enviar par correo
paint - pintar
play - jugar
pull - tirar
push - empujar
rake - rastrillar
read - leer
receive - recibir
run - correr
scare - susto
scream - gritar
see - ver
sew - coser
sing - cantar
sit - sentarse
sleep - dormir
smile - la sonrisa
speak - hablar
staple - sujetar con grapa
stop - parar
talk - hablar
teach - ensear
thank - agradecer, dar las gracias
think - pensar
throw - tirar, aventar, echar
tickle - hacer cosquillas
understand - comprender
walk - caminar, andar
wave - saludar a alguien con la mano
weep - llorar
wiggle - contonear, menear
(make a) wish - pedir un deseo
work - trabajar
write - escribir
yell - gritar
Prepositions
above - arriba de, sobre
around - alrededor de
behind - detrs de
between - entre
in - en
in front of - delante de
inside - dentro
21
on top of - encima de
over - sobre
under - debajo de
Animals
alligator - el caimn
animals - los animales
ant - la hormiga
antelope - el antlope
antler - el asta
ape - el mono
aquarium - el acuario
barn - el establo
bat - el murcilago
beak - el pico
bear - el oso
beaver - el castor
bee - la abeja
beetle - el escarabajo
bird - el pjaro
blackbird - el mirlo
bluebird - azulejo
buffalo - el bfalo
bug - bicho
bunny - el conejito
butterfly - la mariposa
bull - el toro
cage - la jaula
camel - el camello
canary - el canario
cat - el gato
caterpillar - la oruga
chick - el pollito
chicken - el pollo
chimpanzee - el chimpanc
chipmunk - la ardilla listada
cicada - la cigarra
claw - la zarpa, la garra
cobweb - la telaraa
cocoon - el capullo
coral - coralino
cow - la vaca
coyote - el coyote
crab - el cangrejo
crane - la grulla
crocodile - el cocodrilo
crow - el cuervo
deer - el venado
dinosaur - el dinosaurio
dog - el perro
22
doghouse - perrera
dolphin - el delfn
donkey - el burro
dove - la paloma
dragon - el dragn
dragonfly - la liblula
duck - el pato
duckling - el patito
eagle - el guila
earthworm - lombriz de tierra
eel - la anguila
egg - el huevo
elephant - el elefante
elk - alce
farm - la granja/la finca
feather - la pluma
fin - la aleta
fish - el pez, el pescado
fish bowl - la pecera
to fish - pescar
fishing rod - caa de pescar
flamingo - el flamenco
fly - la mosca
fox - el zorro
frog - la rana
gazelle - la gacela
giraffe - la jirafa
goat - la cabra
goose - el ganso
gorilla - el gorila
grasshopper - el saltamontes
hamster - la marmota, la rata del trigo
hedgehog - el erizo
hen - la gallina
hippopotamus - el hipoptamo
hive - la colmena
hog - el cerdo
honeycomb - el panal de miel
horn - el cuerno
hornet - avispn
horse - el caballo
horseshoe - la herradura
hummingbird - el colibr
hyena - la hiena
hoof - el casco
insect - el insecto
jaguar - el jaguar
jay - el arrendajo
jellyfish - la medusa
kangaroo - el canguro
kitten - el gatito
koala - el koala
ladybug - la mariquita
lamb - el cordero
lion - el len
lizard - la lagartija
23
llama - la llama
lobster - la langosta
macaw - el guacamayo
mammal - el mamfero
mammoth - el mamut
marsupial - el marsupial
mermaid - la sirena
monkey - el mono
monster - el monstruo
moose - el alce
mosquito - el mosquito, el zancudo
moth - la polilla/la mariposa nocturna
mouse el ratn
muskrat el ratn almizclero
mutt - el bobo
nandu - and
nest - el nido
net - la red
newt - el tritn
octopus - el pulpo
orangutan - el orangutn
ostrich - el avestruz
otter - la nutria
owl - el bho, la lechuza
parrot - el loro, el papagayo
peacock - el pavo real
penguin - el pingino
pet - el animal domstico
pig - el cerdo
pigeon la paloma/pichn
pupa - la crislida
puppy - el cachorro
quail - la codorniz
quetzal - el quetzal
rabbit - el conejo
raccoon - el mapache
rat - la rata
reindeer - el reno
rhinoceros - el rinoceronte
roach - la cucaracha
roadrunner - el correcamino
robin - el petirrojo
rooster - el gallo
scorpion - el alacrn
sea gull - la gaviota
seahorse - caballito de mar
seal - la foca
shark - el tiburn
sheep - la oveja, carnero
shell - concha
shrimp - el camaron
skeleton - el esqueleto
skull - el crneo
snail - el caracol
snake - la culebra/la serpiente
spider - la araa
24
squid - el calamar
sponge - la esponja
squirrel - la ardilla
stable - el establo
stingray - raya
swan - el cisne
tadpole - el renacuajo
tail - la cola
tern - golondrina
tiger - el tigre
toad - el sapo
toucan - el toucan
trunk - la trompa
turtle - la tortuga
unicorn - el unicornio
vulture - el buitre
walrus - el walrus
wasp - la avispa
weasel - comadreja
web - telaraa, tela de araa
whale - la ballena
wolf - el lobo
woodpecker - el pjaro carpintero
worm - el gusano
yak - yac
zebra - la cebra
zoo - el parque zoolgico
zoologist - zologo
Family - Familia
father - pap
mother - mam
father - el padre
mother - la madre
fathers or parents - los padres
son - hijo
daughter - hija
sons, sons and daughters, or children - los hijos
brother - hermano
sister - hermana
brothers, or brothers and sisters - los hermanos
godfather - padrino
godmother - madrina
husband - esposo
wife - esposa
25
Relationships
Estoy enamorado/estoy enamorada - I am in love

Tengo novio - I have a boyfriend, sweetheart
Tengo novia - I have a girlfriend, sweetheart
Te mando una carta - I send a card to you
Le mando una carta - I send a card to her/him
Querido Juan - Dear John
Querida Mara - Dear Mary
Por qu no me escribes? - Why don't you write to me?
Te echo de menos - I miss you
Me echas de menos? - Do you miss me?
Ests enfadada? - Are you angry?
Te quiero. Te amo - I love you
Me quieres? Me amas? - Do you love me?
Estoy celoso - I am jealous
Te adoro apasionadamente - I adore you passionately
Te quiero con toda mi alma - I love you with all my soul
Quireme o me muero! - Love me or I shall die!
Eres mi hroe/herona - You are my hero/heroine
Con cario - With affection
Cariosamente - Affectionately
Con amor - With love
Besos - Kisses
Abrazos - Hugs
Personality
ambitious - ambicioso
annoying - pesado
argumentative, quarrelsome - discutidor
bad-tempered - malhumorado
big-headed - credo, engredo
bitchy - de mala leche, venenoso;
brave - valiente
cantankerous - cascarrabias
carefree - despreocupado
careless - descuidado, poco cuidadoso
cautious - prudente, cauteloso, cauto;
charming - encantador
cheerful - alegre, jovial;
conceited, full of oneself - presumido
conservative - conservador
conventional - convencional
cowardly - cobarde
crazy, nuts - loco, chiflado
26
cruel - cruel
dull, boring - soso, aburrido
flirtatious - coqueta
friendly - amigable, simptico, agradable
generous - generoso
hard-working - trabajador
honest - honesto
kind - amable
laid-back - tranquilo, relajado
lazy - perezoso, vago
loyal - fiel
mean - tacao
modest - modesto
moody - de humor cambiante
naive - ingenuo, inocentn
naughty - (children) malo, travieso (nios)
narrow-minded - de mentalidad cerrada, intolerante
open-minded - de actitud abierta, sin prejuicios
pious - piadoso
polite - corts, educado
proud - orgulloso
reliable - fiable, confiable: es una persona en la que se puede confiar
self-confident: to be self-confident seguro de s mismo: tener confianza en s mismo
selfish - egosta
sensible - sensato, prudente;
sensitive - sensible
shy, introverted - tmido, vergonzoso - introvertido
strict - estricto, severo, riguroso
stubborn - terco, testarudo, tozudo
sympathetic (understanding) - comprensivo
talkative - conversador, hablador
trustworthy - digno de confianza
two-faced, false - falso
weird - raro, extrao
Colours
amarillo - yellow
anaranjado - orange
azul - blue
blanco - white
dorado - golden
gris - gray
marrn - brown
27
negro - black
prpura - purple
rojo - red
rosado - pink
verde - green
beige, beis - beige
cereza - cherry-colored
chocolate - chocolate-colored
esmerelda - emerald
grana - dark red
humo - smoky
lila - lilac
malva - mauve
mostaza - mustard-colored
naranja - orange
oro - gold
paja - straw-colored
rosa - pink
turquesa - turquoise
violeta violet
What color is it? - Que color es este?

What is your favorite colour? - Cul es tu color favorito?
Note that the form changes depending on the number and gender of what's being described:
Tengo un coche amarillo. (I have one yellow car.) Tiene dos coches amarillos. (He has two
yellow cars.) Tienes una flor amarilla. (You have a yellow flower.) Tenemos diez flores
amarillas. (We have ten yellow flowers.)
Body parts
arm - el brazo
28
back - la espalda
backbone - la columna vertebral
brain - el cerebro, el seso
breast, chest - el pecho
buttocks - las nalgas
calf - la pantorrilla
ear - el odo, la oreja
elbow - el codo
eye - el ojo
finger - el dedo
foot - el pie
hair - el pelo
hand - la mano
head - la cabeza
heart - el corazn
hip - la cadera
intestine - el intestino knee - la rodilla
leg - la pierna
liver - el hgado
mouth - la boca
muscle - el msculo
neck - el cuello
nose - la nariz
penis - el pene
shoulder - el hombro
skin - la piel
stomach (abdomen) - el vientre
stomach (internal organ) - el estmago
thigh - el muslo
throat - la garganta
29
toe - el dedo
tongue - la lengua
tooth - el diente, la muela
vagina - la vagina
Physical appearance
He has blue eyes = tiene los ojos azules
He is bald = Es calvo
face - la cara/el rostro
facial features - rasgos
she has a thin face - tiene la/una cara delgada
an oval face - una cara ovalada
round face - una cara redonda
clean-shaven - bien afeitado
bloated face - una cara hinchada/abotagada/abotargada
cherubic face - una cara angelical
chubby face - una cara regordete
chubby-cheeked - mofletudo
chubby/podgy face - una cara rechoncha, regordete, gordinflona
he had a weather-beaten face - tena un rostro curtido
face lift - un lifting, un estiramiento facial
she has freckles - tiene pecas, es pecosa
spots/pimples - granos
blackheads - espinillas
moles - lunares
warts - verrugas
wrinkles - arugas
rosy cheeks - mejillas sonrosadas
acne - acne
birthmark - un antojo/una mancha de nacimiento
double chin - una papada
hollow cheeks - las mejillas hundidas
dimple - un hoyuelo
smooth-cheeked/smooth-faced - lampio
deadpan face - una cara de pquer/de palo
doleful face - una cara compungida
sad face - una cara triste
serious face - una cara seria
smiling face - una cara sonriente
happy face - una cara alegre
smooth-cheeked/smooth-faced - lampio
go red in the face (with anger/heat) - ponerse colorado/rojo
go red/to blush (with embarassment) - sonrojarse/ruborizarse
he looks worried parece preocupado
frightened asustado
surprised sorprendido
smile una sonrisa
smirk una sonrisita
frown el ceo fruncido
nose = la nariz
30
bulbous nose - una nariz protuberante

hooked nose - una nariz aguilea
big nose - una nariz grande
turned-up/snub nose - una nariz respingona
a pointed nose - una nariz puntiaguda
a flat nose/a pug nose - una nariz chata
a lopsided nose - una nariz ladeada/torcida
a hooter/conk (fam) - una napia
flare your nostrils/to snort - resoplar/bufar
Weather
When talking about the weather in Spanish use "hace" and "hay"instead of English "to be"
It is sunny - Hace sol
It is hot - Hace calor
It is very windy - Hace / Hay mucho viento
Talking about weather

whats the weather like? - "qu tiempo hace?" or "cmo est el tiempo?"
tomorrow will be dry - maana har tiempo seco
theres been a change in the weather - ha cambiado el tiempo
lets hope the weather holds out - esperemos que no nos falle el tiempo
the weather spoiled our plans - el tiempo nos estrope los planes
it looks like it's going to rain - parece que va a llover
the bad weather is still with us - seguimos con mal tiempo
the garden could do with a bit of rain - al jardn le vendra bien que lloviera un poco
you get better weather on the south coast - en la costa sur hace mejor tiempo;
weather permitting - si hace buen tiempo
were hoping for good weather while were on holiday - esperamos tener buen tiempo
durante las vacaciones
I dont like the look of the weather - no me gusta cmo se est poniendo el tiempo
breeze - una brisa

clap of thunder, a thunderclap - un trueno
clear sky/day - un cielo/da despejado
clear up - despejar
climate - el clima
cloud - una nube
cloudburst - un chaparrn
cloudburst - un chaparrn, un aguacero
cold front - un frente fro
damp - hmedo
31
degree - grado
depression - una depresin atmosfrica, una borrasca
dew - el roco , el sereno
downpour - un chaparrn, un turbin
drizzle / to drizzle (nm) - llovizna / lloviznar
flash of lightning - un relmpago
flashes of lightning - un relampagueo
flood - una inundacin
flood (v) - inundar
fog -la niebla
force nine gale - vientos de fuerza nueve
forked lightning - una culebrina
frost - escarcha
frost (v) - helar
frosty night - una noche de helada
gale - un viento fuerte, una vendaval
gale-force winds - los vientos de tormenta
gust of wind - una racha
hail (v) - granizar
hailstones - los granizos, las piedras de granizo
hailstorm - una granizada
haziness - la nebulosidad, lo neblinoso
he was struck by lightning - le cay un rayo
heat wave - una ola de calor
hot - clido
humid - hmedo
humidity - la humedad
hurricane - un huracn
instability/changeability - inestabilidad
its cloudy - hace nubes or est nublado
its drizzling - est lloviznando
its foggy - hay niebla
its frosty - est helado
its hot - hace calor
its misty - hay neblina
its muggy / clammy / close - est abochornado
its raining - est lloviendo
its sleeting - cae aguanieve
its snowing - est nevado
its sunny - hace sol
its windy - hace viento, est ventoso
It's chilly today - hace fresquito hoy
light covering of snow - una fina capa de nieve
low/high-pressure - de bajas/altas presiones
mist - la neblina
rain (v) - llover
rain -la lluvia
scattered showers - chubascos aislados
sea breeze - una brisa marina
sea mist - la bruma
shower - un chaparrn, un chubasco
sleet - aguanieve f.
sleet showers - chubascos de aguanieve
snow - la nieve
snow (v) - nevar
snowball - una bola de nieve
32
storm - una tormenta, un temporal

stormy day - un da tormentoso
streak of lightning - un rayo
sun - el sol
sunny day - un da soleado
sunny spell - un claro
sunstroke - insolacin
temperature - la temperatura
thaw - un deshielo
thaw (v) - deshelar
thunder - los truenos
thundercloud - un nubarrn
to become muggy - abochornarse
to rain cats and dogs - llover a cntaros
to ride out the storm - capear el temporal
turbulence - la turbulencia
unsettled weather - un tiempo revuelto
weather - el tiempo
weather forecast - la previsin del tiempo para maana
weather vane - una veleta
wind - el viento
Grammar
Regular Verbs
In spanish there are three different kinds of regular verbs, these can be characterized by the
ending of the infinitive.
-ar
-er
-ir
An infinative is represented in the english language by the word to: to be, to have, to learn, to
speak, and to buy. These are all infinitive forms of english verbs. The following table lists the
conjugation for these Regular Verbs, with examples for each.
llamar
yo llamo
tu llamas
el/ella llama
nosotros llamamos
vosotros llamis
ellos/ellas llaman
comer
como
comes
come
comemos
comis
comen
abrir
abro
abres
abre
abrimos
abrs
abren
Irregular Verbs
Present Tense
yo
tu
ir
voy
vas
hacer
hago
haces
estar
estoy
ests
33
el / ella
nosotros
vosotros
ellos / ellas
va
vamos
vais
van
hace est
hacemos estamos
hacis estis
hacen estn
Note: For more info about verbs look under: Tenses
Articles
The definite article (artculo definido) agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies
and has four forms:
Masculine
Feminine
el (singular)
la (singular)
los (plural)
las (plural)
Examples: el ro (the river); los refrescos (the refreshments); la guitarra (the guitar); las faltas
(the mistakes).
Definite articles are often used in Spanish where English would omit them, for example:
1) with abstract nouns: El amor es una fuerza irresistible (Love is an irresistible force)
2) with nouns used in a general sense: Prefiero los caballos (I prefer horses)
3) with parts of the body and articles of clothing: Tengo el brazo roto (I have a broken arm)
4) with titles, except in direct address: El seor Garca est aqu (Mr. Garcia is here) but
Buenos das, seor Garca (Hello, Mr. Garcia)
Neuter article (artculo neutro) lo can be used before an adjective (or a past participle used
adjectivally) to make it function as a noun: lo humano (that which is human); lo dicho (that
which has been said).
Note: Do not confuse the neuter article lo with the masculine singular direct object pronoun
lo: Lo vi en la calle (I saw it in the street).
The indefinite article (artculo indefinido): un for the masculine singular and una for the
feminine singular. It agrees with the noun it modifies: un mdico bueno (a good doctor); una
lengua bella (a beautiful language). The plural forms unos and unas mean some or a few:
Tengo unos libros buenos (I have some good books); Dnos unas naranjas, por favor (Give
us some oranges, please).
Note:For feminine nouns beginning with a stressed a sound use the masculine definite article
in the singular e.g.: El alma es un fin, no un medio (The soul is an end, not a means); but
Las almas quieren hacerse inmortales (Souls long to become immortal).
Gender
The nouns in Spanish can have either of 2 genders (gnero): masculine (masculino) or
feminine (femenino).
The gender of many nouns can be determined by their meaning or their ending. The gender
34
of other nouns must be learned individually. The best way to memorize the gender of words
is to memorize the article when learning a new word.
la chica (the girl) feminine

el hombre (the man) masculine
In general masculine nouns end in -o and feminine nouns end in -a; but watch out for
exceptions:
el da (the day), la mano (the hand), and masculine nouns ending in -ma (of Greek
derivation): el idioma (the language); el poema (the poem); el clima (the climate).
El polica mat a tiros al ladrn (The policeman gunned down the thief); La actriz se vea
pobre y sin amigos (The actress found herself poor and friendless).
Nouns ending in -ista are masculine, unless referring to a woman: un comunista (a
communist); un pianista ( pianist).
Nouns ending in -ad, -ud, -in are feminine: la ciudad (the city); la juventud (youth); la
direccin (the address).
In Spanish, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and articles are gender-related.

Ella compr una casa bonita (She bought a pretty house).
Plural nouns of mixed gender take the masculine: Los nios estn enfermos (The children
are ill).
Knowing the gender of every noun is important not only for the noun itself, but for the
spelling and pronunciation of the words it influences in a sentence: adjectives, articles,
participles, and pronouns. They agree in the gender and in the number with the noun.
Plurals
The plural of nouns and adjectives is regularly formed by adding -s to words ending in a
vowel and -es to words ending in a consonant: Tiene los ojos negros (He has dark eyes);
Prefiero las canciones de cuna (I prefer lullabies).
Words ending with z change to c in the plural: Encienda la luz (Turn on the light); Desde
aqu podemos ver las luces de la ciudad (From here we can see the lights of the city).
Contractions
There are only two contractions (contracciones) in Spanish: al and del.
Al = a (to, for, at by) + el (masculine article)
35
Vamos al mercado (Let's go to the store); Al entrar en la clase, la profesora comenz a

hablar (Upon entering the classroom, the professor began to speak).
Del = de (of, from, with) + el (masculine article): Qu piensas del nuevo profesor? (What
do you think of the new teacher?).
Note: The preposition a and de does not contract with the personal pronoun l: Se lo doy a
l (I give it to him).
Adjectives
An adjective (adjetivo) agrees in gender and number with the noun it describes.
Like nouns, adjectives generally end in -o for the masculine (plural -os) and -a for the
feminine (plural -as): un libro bueno (a good book); muchos estudiantes (many students);
una costumbre francesa (a French custom); otras habitaciones (other rooms).
Some adjectives whose masculine singular ends in a consonant form the feminine by adding
-a: un muchacho francs (a French boy); una muchacha francesa (a French girl); un baile
encantador (a charming dance); una cancin encantadora (a charming song).
Other adjectives ending in a consonant have the same form for both masculine and feminine:
un hombre joven (a young man), una mujer joven (a young woman); unos bailes populares
(some popular dances), unas canciones populares (some popular songs).
In Spanish adjectives are used usually after the nouns t(unlike English): un da lluvioso (a
rainy day).
When used before the noun, such adjectives change meaning, acquiring a less literal sense:
Hay que dar limosna a un hombre pobre (One must give alms to a poor man); but El pobre
hombre est con un pie en la fosa (The poor guy has one foot in the grave).
Adjectives precede the nouns they modify whenever they:
1) express an essential or characteristic quality: la dulce miel (the sweet honey;
las verdes hojas (the green leaves);
2) point out, limit or quantify: este hombre (this man); su marido (her husband);
menos caliente (less hot); dos lecciones (two lessons).
Adjectives can be used as nouns, in which case they take a definite article: Los
ricos tambin tienen sus problemas (Rich people have their problems, too). Adjectives are
occasionally used adverbially: Vive feliz en la ciudad (He lives happily in the city).
Adverbs
Many adverbs (adverbios) are formed from adjectives, by adding the suffix -mente to the
feminine singular form: Ella es muy rica (She is very rich); Est ricamente vestida (She is
richly dressed).
In a series of adverbs, only the last one takes the -mente suffix, while the other adverbs
36
have the form of feminine adjectives: Escribe clara, rpida y correctamente (She writes
clearly, quickly and correctly).
Comparison
The comparative (comparativo) of an adjective or adverb is formed by preceding it with
ms (more) or menos (less): Esta leccin es ms fcil (This lesson is easier); Lo puedo
hacer ms fcilmente (I can do it more easily).
The superlative (superlativo) of an adjective is formed by adding the definite article to
the comparative form: Esta leccin es la ms fcil (This lesson is the easiest one).
The superlative of an adverb is expressed by adding the neuter article lo to the comparative
form: lo ms fcilmente (the most easily).
The superlative of a noun is expressed by mejor (best) and peor (worst) preceded by the
appropriate definite article: la mejor respuesta (the best answer).
The absolute sperlative (superlativo absoluto) of an adjective indicates a high degree of
some quality, rather than a comparison.
It is formed by adding the suffix -simo/a to the adjective or adverb: Es una mujer riqusima
(She is an extremely wealthy woman); Esta riqusimamente vestida (She is very richly
dressed).
Ser and Estar

Ser and estar both mean to be. Ser is used to express what something is, while estar
expresses where or how it is: Nosotros ramos buenos amigos (We were good friends);
Miguel est en la oficina (Michael is in the office); Pablo est enfermo (Paul is sick).
Estar is also used with the present participle to form the progressive tenses, present and
past. Examples: Juan est estudiando (John is studying); Ellos estaban bailando el tango
(They were dancing the Tango).
T and Usted
T (the plural vosotros/as is used exclusively in Spain) is the second person pronoun
(English "you"). It is used for the familiar form of address when speaking to family members,
close friends, children and pet animals: Te sientes bien? (Do you feel okay?).
The polite form of the second person pronoun is usted (plural ustedes for both masculine
and feminine). It derives from the phrase Vuestra Merced (Your Grace), and is therefore
abbreviated either Vd. or Ud. (plural Vds. or Uds.). Although it indicates the second person
mode of address, usted is conjugated with third person verb forms (English "he/she/it"). This
37
lends a respectful sense of distance to the conversation: Sigue Ud. estudiando el espaol?
(Do you continue studying Spanish?).
Prepositions
Prepositions (preposiciones) are the connecting words that show the relationships between
words in the sentence. Nouns, pronouns, noun phrases, gerunds or noun clauses can be the
complement of the prepositions:
Simple prepositions in Spanish include the following:
a
con
contra
de
desde
durante
en
entre
hacia
hasta
para
por
sin
sobre
tras
to, at
with
against
of, from
from, since
during
in, on
between
toward
until
for, in order to
for, by
without
over
after
Vamos a Madrid. We are going to Madrid.

Viene con su hermano. - She's coming with her brother.
Quiero gasolina sin plomo. - I want unleaded gasoline.
Conjunctions
Conjunctions (conjunciones) join words, phrases and clauses together.
The most commonly used conjunction in Spanish is y (and).
con su espada y con su pluma
(with his sword and his pen)
Other commonly used conjunctions:

o
ni
pero
or
nor
but
38
Interjections
An interjection (interjeccin) is a word or expression. Interjections are rarely used in formal or

business writing. In print interjection is usually followed by exclamation mark or a coma:
Note that in Spanish each interjection uses in front and ! at the end of the word:
ay! -oh!, ouch!
por Dios! -for goodness sakes!
Sentences
A sentence consists of the subject (the topic of the sentence) and the predicate (what is said
about the subject).
Yo compro suteres en el Rastro.
(I buy sweaters in the Rastro.)
Yo (I) is the subject of the sentence and compro suteres (buy sweaters) is the predicate.
The most common forms of subject are nouns and pronouns Noun phrase and noun clause
may be the subject of a sentence:
Los nios en la escuela reciclan las latas. (noun phrase)
(The children in the school recycle the cans.)
Los toros de Pamplona y los muchachos de Pamplona corren rapidamente. (noun clauses)
(The bulls of Pamplone and the boys of Pamplona run fast.)
The most common form of predicate is one consisting of the verb of action and direct or
indirect object:
La nia ve el elefante.
(The girl sees the elephant.)
Elefante is a direct object of the present tense verb ve.
Possessive Adjectives
The possessive adjectives (adjetivos posesivos) are:
39
mi or mo/a - my
tu or tuyo/a - your
su or suyo/a -his, her, its
nuestro/a - our
vuestro/a - your
su or suyo/a - their
Possessive adjectives have a short form when they precede the noun and a longer form
when they follow it: mis amigos (my friends); una amiga ma (a female friend of mine).
All these forms add -s to form the plural. They agree in gender and number with the noun:
mis libros (my books); nuestras cosas (our things).
Note: When referring to clothing, parts of the body, and so on, a definite article is regularly
used instead of a possessive adjective: Tiene algo en la mano (He has something in his
hand); Pngase Ud. los zapatos (Put on your shoes).
The possessive pronouns (pronombres posesivos) are formed by adding the appropriate
definite article to the long form of the possessive adjective:
el mo, la ma, los mos, las mas (mine)

el tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas (yours)
el suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas (his, hers its)
el nuestro, la nuestra, etc. (ours)
el vuestro, la vuestra, etc. (yours)
el suyo, la suya, etc. (theirs)
Possessive pronouns, like possessive adjectives, agree with the thing possessed rather than
with the possessor: tus cartas y las mas (your letters and mine); su casa y la nuestra (their
house and ours).
Demonstrative Adjectives
The DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES (adjetivos demostrativos) are:
Masculine Feminine
Singular Singular
este
esta
ese
esa
aquel
aquella
Masculine
Plural
estos
esos
aquellos
Feminine
Plural
estas
esas
aquellas
(this)
(that)
(that)
Demonstrative adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they modify: estos libros
(these books); esa bicicleta (that bicycle); aquellos edificios (those buildings).
Este refers to something near the speaker; ese refers to something at a distance from the
40
speaker but in the vicinity of the person spoken to; aquel refers to something at a distance
from both the speaker and the listener.
The demonstrative pronouns (pronombres demostrativos) are formed by adding a written
accent to the demonstrative adjectives. They agree in gender and number with the nouns
the represent: No prefiero esta mesa; quiero aqulla (I don't like this table; I want that one
over there).
The neuter demonstrative pronouns esto, eso and aquello do not have written accents since
there are no neuter demonstrative adjectives with which they might be confused. They
always refer to a general idea, a situation, or an indefinite thing, and never have a specific
noun antecedent: Qu es esto? (What's this?); La casa es muy pequea, y l no quiere
eso (The house is very little, and he doesn't want that).
Pronouns
The personal pronouns (pronombres personales) have different forms depending on whether
they are the subject (sujeto), direct object (objeto directo) or indirect object (
objeto indirecto).
SUBJECT:
First person:
Yo - I
nosotros/as - we
Second person (familiar)
t - you
vosotros/as you (plural)
Second person (polite)
usted - you
Udstedes you (plural)
Third Person
l - he, it
ellos - they
ella -she
ellas they
Note: Subject pronouns (with the exception of Ud.) are regularly omitted, since they can be
deduced from the conjugated verb forms: Traigo los refrescos (I'm bringing the soft drinks);
Tienes razn (You're right). When the subject pronouns are used, it is in order to emphasize
or clarify: Yo quiero hacer eso (I want to do that myself); Ella cantaba mientras l tocaba la
guitarra (She sang while he played the guitar).
41
DIRECT OBJECT:
First person:
me (me) nos (us)

te (you) os (you)
le, la (you)
los, las (you)
Third Person
lo (him, it)
la (her, it)
los (them)
las (them)
Note: in parts of Spain, le is often used instead of lo for the direct object pronoun meaning
him.
INDIRECT OBJECT:
First person:
me (me) nos (us)
te (you) os (you)
le (you) les (you)
Third Person
le (him, her, it)
les (them)
Object pronouns (direct and indirect) usually precede the verb, but can be attached to
infinitives and present participles, and must be attached to affirmative commands: Lo escribo
en espaol (I'm writing it in Spanish); Quiero escribirlo en espaol or Lo quiero escribir en
espaol (I want to write it in Spanish); Estoy escribindolo en espaol or Lo estoy
escribiendo en espaol (I'm writing it in Spanish); Escrbalo Ud. en ingls (Write it in
English). When a verb has two object pronouns, the indirect object is given first. The indirect
object pronouns le and les change (for reasons of euphony) to se before lo, la, los and las:
42
Deseo drselo a ellos (I want to give it to them); Se lo quiero enviar a ella (I want to send it
to her).
Reflexive Pronouns and Verbs

The reflexive pronouns (pronombres reflexivos) are:
First person:
me (myself)
nos (ourselves)

te (yourself)
os (yourselves)

se (yourself)
se (yourselves)
Third Person
se (him, her, itself)
se (themselves)
Reflexive pronouns are always used with reflexive verbs (verbs expressing an action whose
subject is also its object, i.e. where the doer acts upon himself). Sometimes the literal
meaning of the reflexive pronouns (myself, etc.) can be translated into English, but usually
they cannot be translated in isolation from the verb: Me lavo (I wash myself); Me acuesto
muy tarde (I go to bed very late); Me quejo del trabajo (I complain about the work); Me
acuerdo de eso (I remember that); Ya me voy (I'm going away now).
Reflexive pronouns normally precede the conjugated verb, but are attached to the infinitive,
the present participle, and affirmative commands: Quiero lavarme (I want to wash up); Estoy
lavndome (I am washing myself); Lvense Uds. (Wash yourselves).
The reflexive pronouns can also be used in a reciprocal sense, meaning each other: Nos
amamos (we love each other); Se escriben todos los das (They write each other every day).
Prepositional Pronouns
The prepositional pronouns are:
First person:
m (me)
nosotros/as (us)
43

t (you)
vosotros/as (you)

Ud. (you)
Uds.(you)
Third Person
l (him, it)
ellos (them)
Reflexive
s (him/her/it/yourself, themselves/yourselves)
Neuter
ello
Prepositional pronouns are the object of the preposition that they follow: Es demasiado difcil
para m (It's too difficult for me); No podemos hacerlo sin ella (We can't do it without her).
The neuter pronoun ello is used instead of lo after a preposition, when reference is being
made to a general idea that has already been expressed: Tendrs buen xito; no hay
ninguna duda de ello (You'll be successful; there's no doubt about it).
The prepositional pronouns m, t and s combine with the preposition con (with) to become
conmigo, contigo and consigo: Quieres ir conmigo? (Do you want to come with me?); Lo
trae consigo (He's bringing it with him).
Relative Pronouns
Relative pronouns (pronombres relativos) introduce a subordinate clause and replace
something mentioned earlier in the sentence. They can function as either subject or object
pronouns without any change in form.
The most common relative pronoun is que: El hombre que est hablando es un amigo mo
(The man who is talking is a friend of mine); La leccin que estudias es muy fcil (The
lesson that you're studying is quite simple).
After a preposition, que is used as the relative pronoun for things, quien or quienes for
persons: La habitacin en que vivo es muy cmoda (The room in which I live is very cosy);
La mujer de quien hablabas es extranjera (The woman about whom you were speaking is a
foreigner).
The compound relative pronouns el/la que (plural los/las que) or el/la cual (pl. los/las cuales)
44
are used interchangeably after prepositions of more than one syllable, or to avoid confusion
and ambiguity: Estos son mis libros, entre los que hay un diccionario de bolsillo (These are
my books, among which there is a pocket dictionary); Ayer fu al cine con la madre de Juan,
la cual es francesa (Yesterday I went to the cinema with John's mother, who is French).
The neuter forms lo que and lo cual are used when the antecedent is a general idea:
Siempre dice lo que piensa (He always says what he thinks); Me habl de sus problemas, lo
cual no me gust (He spoke to me about his troubles, which didn't please me).
The relative pronoun cuyo/a (plural cuyos/as) usually functions as an adjective meaning
whose or of which. It can refer to both persons and things, and always agrees in gender and
number with the thing possessed rather than with the possessor: Te acuerdas de la nia
cuyos padres la abandonaron? (Do you remember the little girl whose parents abandoned
her?).
Questions
Interrogatives (interrogativos) ask a question, and are distinguished by their written accents.
The most common interrogatives are:
Quin? (Who?)
Qu? (What)
Cul? (Which?)
Cmo? (How?)
Cunto?(How much?)
Cuntos?
Dnde?
Por qu?
Para qu?
Cundo?
(How many?)
(Where?)
(Why?)
(Why?)
(When?)
Qu asks for a definition or description (what?), while cul (plural cules) asks for a choice or
distinction (which?): Qu es el alma? (What is the soul?); Cules son tus libros favoritos?
(Which are your favorite books?). Used in that way, qu and cul are interrogative pronouns.
When an interrogative adjective is required, qu is used for both senses (what? and which?):
Qu das vas al hipdromo? (Which days do you go to the racetrack?).
Note: Interrogatives are also used in indirect questions, where a question is referred to
without being directly asked: No s quin es (I don't know who she is). The direct question
was Quin es esa mujer? (Who is that woman?).
Exclamations
Exclamatory words (exclamaciones) also have written accents. The most common one is
Qu...! used in front of an adjective, adverb or noun: Qu casa! (What a house!); Qu
delicioso! (How delicious!); Qu fcilmente lo haces t! (How easily you do it!). In literary
45
usage, Cun...! may replace Qu...!: Cun fcilmente lo haces t!

When an adjective follows a noun in this construction, it is preceded by ms (most) or tan
(so): Qu casa ms bonita! (What a pretty house!); Qu nios tan alegres! (What happy
children!).
Negation
The most common negatives (negativos) are:
no (no, not)
nada (nothing)
nadie (nobody)
ninguno/a (not any)
nunca (never)
jams (never)
tampoco (neither)
ni...ni (neither...nor)
A verb is negated by placing no in front of it: No s (I don't know). When there is an object
pronoun in front of the verb, no is placed before the object pronoun: No lo veo (I don't see it).
Double negatives are standard in Spanish: No veo a nadie en la calle (I don't see anybody in
the street); No tengo ni papel ni pluma (I don't have either paper or pen). Negatives are
also used in comparisons: Ella escribe mejor que nadie (She writes better than anybody);
Ahora lo necesito ms que nunca (Now I need it more than ever).
Personal A
When the direct object of a verb is a person or a domestic animal, it is preceded by the
personal a (la preposicin personal a) which has no English equivalent: Veo a mi amigo (I
see my friend); Hay que buscar al perro (We must look for the dog); No invito a nadie (I'm
not inviting anyone).
The personal a is not used, however, with the verb tener: Tengo un amigo (I have a friend).
Verb Conjugations: Tenses

Spanish verbs belong to one of three conjugations (conjugaciones) which can be
distinguished by the endings of the infinitive forms.
First Conjugation
Second Conjugation
Third Conjugation
-ar: hablar (to talk)

-er: comer (to eat)
-ir: vivir (to live)
46
The form of a verb depends on:
1) its conjugation group

2) its tense (time reference) and mood (intent)
3) the person and number of its subject
Spanish has four simple tenses (tiempos simples):
1. Present - presente:
hablo (I talk)
2. Future - futuro:
hablars (you will talk)
3. Imperfect - pretrito imperfecto:
hablaba (she used to talk)
4. Preterite - pretrito indefinido:
hablaron (they talked)
There are also four compound tenses (tiempos compuestos):
1. Present perfect - prterito perfecto:

hemos comido (we have eaten)
2. Future perfect - futuro perfecto:
habris comido (you all will have eaten)
3. Plusperfect or past perfect - pretrito pluscuamperfecto:

haban comido (they had eaten)
4.Preterite perfect or past anterior - pretrito anterior:
hube comido (I had eaten)
There are four moods (modos) in Spanish:

1. Indicative - indicativo:
To express a fact:
47
Est en el banco (It's in the bank)

2. Subjanctive - subjuntivo:
To express a wish, an emotional attitude, or a doubt:
Quiero que Ud. venga (I want you to come)
Siento que no venga Ud. (I'm sorry you're not coming)
Dudo que venga Ud. (I doubt that you'll come)
3. Conditional - potencial or condicional:
expressing the idea of would:
Juan no lo hara as (John wouldn't do it that way)
4. Imperative - imperativo:
expressing a direct command:
Venga Ud. (Come!)
Verb Conjugations: Person and Number

A finite verb agrees in person (persona) and number (nmero) with its subject (the doer of the
action), even when the subject is understood without being expressed by a noun or pronoun.
There are two numbers:
1. Singular:
(Yo) veo a Juan (I see John)
(T) debes hacerlo (You must do it)
Ud. tiene razn (You're right)
(Ella) quiere a su gato (She loves her cat)
2. Plural :
(Nosotros) vemos el cielo (We see the sky)
(Vosotros) debis trabajar (You all should work)
Tienen Uds. dinero? (Do you all have money?)
(Ellos) quieren comer (They want to eat)
There are three persons: First person is the speaker, second person is the one spoken to,
and third person is the one spoken about.
1. First person
(Yo) soy maestro (I'm a teacher)
(Nosotros) somos alumnos (We are pupils)
48
2. Second person
(T) eres guapo (You are good-looking) - singular
(Vosotros) sois feos (You all are ugly) - plural
Ud. es muy amable (You are very kind) singular, polite form
Uds. son muy amables (You all are very kind) plural, polite form
NOTE: The usted/ustedes (polite you) form of address is second person but uses third
person verb forms, which lends an air of respectful distance on the part of the speaker.
3. Third person
(Ella) es trabajadora (She is hard-working)
(Ellos) son perezosos (They are lazy)
Present Tense
The present tense (presente) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive ending (
-ar, -er or -ir) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. There is a different set of
personal endings for each of the three conjugations:
First conjugation (habl-ar)
habl-o (I talk)
habl-as (you talk)
habl-a (she talks)
habl-amos (we talk)

habl-is (you talk)
habl-an (they talk)
Second conjugation (com-er)

com-o (I eat)
com-es (you eat)
com-e (she eats)
com-emos (we eat)

com-is (you all eat)
com-en (they eat)
Third conjugation (viv-ir)

viv-o (I live)
viv-es (you live)
viv-e (she lives)
viv-imos (we live)

viv-s (you live)
viv-en (they live)
49
The present tense is commonly used in conversation to refer to actions which will take place
in the immediate future: Vengo ms tarde (I'll come later). It is sometimes used in literature
to replace the preterite, lending a sense of immediacy to historical narrative: Corts admira la
bondad y liberalidad del gran Montezuma (Cortez admired the goodness and generosity of
the great Montezuma). This is called the vivid present.
Future Tense
The future tense (futuro) of regular verbs is formed by adding personal endings to the
infinitive. The endings are the same for all three conjugations.
hablar- (I will talk)

hablar-s(you will talk)
hablar- (she will talk
hablar-emos
hablar-is
hablar-n
comer, vivir, etc.
(we will talk)

(you all will talk)
(they will talk)
In addition to expressing future time, the future tense can express uncertainty or probability in
the present: Sern las cinco
(It must be about five o'clock).
Imperfect Tense
The imperfect tense (pretrito imperfecto) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive
ending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. There is one set of
endings for the first (-AR) conjugation and a second set of endings shared by the second (
-ER) and third (-IR) conjugations.
FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar)

habl-aba (I was talking) habl-bamos (we were talking)
habl-abas (you were talking)
habl-abais (you all were talking)
habl-aba (she was talking)
habl-aban (they were talking)
SECOND CONJUGATION (com-er)
com-a (I was eating)
com-amos (we were eating)
com-as (you were eating)
com-ais (you all were eating)
com-a (she was eating) com-an (they were eating)
THIRD CONJUGATION (viv-ir)
viv-a (I used to live)
viv-amos (we used to live)
viv-as (you used to live) viv-ais (you all used to live)
viv-a (she used to live) viv-an (they used to live)
The imperfect tense is used to describe a situation in the past, or an action which was
ongoing or repeated: Eran las once (it was eleven o'clock); Queramos comer bien (We
wanted to eat well); Todos los das lleg bamos tarde (We used to arrive late every day).
50
Preterite Tense
The Preterite tense (pretrito indefinido) of regular verbs is formed by removing the infinitive
ending (-AR, -ER or -IR) and adding personal endings to the verb stem. As with the
imperfect tense, there is one set of endings for the first (-AR) conjugation and a second set of
endings shared by the second (-ER) and third (-IR) conjugations.

habl- (I talked)
habl-amos (we talked)
habl-aste (you talked)
habl-asteis (you all talked)
habl- (she talked)
habl-aron (they talked)
com- (I ate)
com-imos (we ate)
com-iste (you ate)
com-isteis (you all ate)
com-i (she ate)
com-ieron (they ate)
viv- (I lived)
viv-imos (we lived)
viv-iste (you lived)
viv-isteis (you all lived)
viv-i (she lived)
viv-ieron (they lived)
The preterite tense narrates an action with a definite beginnning or ending in the past:
Comenz a llover (It began to rain); Juan cen conmigo ayer (John ate supper with me
yesterday).
The preterite is also used to indicate an event which took place while another action (in the
imperfect tense) was ongoing: Dorma cuando llegu (He was sleeping when I arrived).
Perfect Tenses
The COMPOUND TENSES (tiempos compuestos) are formed with the AUXILIARY VERB (
verbo auxiliar) haber and the PAST PARTICIPLE (participio pasivo) of the main verb. The
past participle in compound tenses is invariable in form.
The PRESENT PERFECT (pretrito perfecto) uses the present tense of the auxiliary verb
haber:
he comido (I have eaten)

has comido (you have eaten)
ha comido (she has eaten)
hemos comido (we have eaten)
habis comido (you all have eaten)
han comido (they have eaten)
The FUTURE PERFECT (futuro perfecto) uses the future tense of the auxiliary verb haber:
habr comido (I will have eaten )

habrs comido (you will have eaten)
habr comido (she will have eaten)
51
habremos comido (we will have eaten)

habris comido (you all will have eaten)
habrn comido (they will have eaten)
The PLUPERFECT or PAST PERFECT (pretrito pluscuamperfecto) uses the imperfect
tense of haber:
haba comido (I had eaten)

habas comido (you had eaten)
haba comido (she had eaten)
habamos comido (we had eaten)
habais comido (you all had eaten)
haban comido (they had eaten)
The PRETERITE PERFECT or PAST ANTERIOR (pretrito anterior) uses the preterite tense
of haber:
hube comido (I had eaten)
hubiste comido (you had eaten)
hubo comido (she had eaten)
hubimos comido (we had eaten)
hubisteis comido (you all had eaten)
hubieron comido (they had eaten)
NOTE: This is strictly a literary tense; in conversation, the preterite or pluperfect is used. The
preterite perfect is only found after conjunctions of time, such as cuando (when), despus
que (after), apenas (scarcely) or luego que (as soon as): Despus que hube comido, sal
(After I had eaten, I went out).
The PERFECT INFINITIVE (infinitivo compuesto) is composed of the infinitive of haber and
the past participle of the verb: haber comido (to have eaten).
The PERFECT PARTICIPLE (gerundio compuesto) is composed of the present participle of
haber and the past participle of the verb: habiendo comido (having eaten).
Conditional Mood
The CONDITIONAL MOOD (modo potencial) expresses the idea of would (contingent
possibility): Lo hara hoy, pero no tendr tiempo (I would do it today, but I won't have time);
Lo habra hecho ayer, pero no tena tiempo (I would have done it yesterday, but I didn't have
time); Elena dijo que vendra (Elena said that she would come).
It can also be used to express wonderment or doubt in the past, just as the future tense can
be used in the present: Qu hora sera cuando desayun ayer? (I wonder what time was it
when I ate breakfast yesterday?).
The conditional is formed (like the future) by adding a single set of personal endings to the
infinitives of all three conjugations. (The endings are identical to those of the imperfect tense
of second and third conjugation verbs; the only difference is that those are added to the stem,
rather than to the entire infinitive form.)
52
hablar-a (I would talk) comera, vivira, etc.

hablar-as
(you would talk)
hablar-a
(she would talk)
hablar-amos
(we would talk)
hablar-ais
(you all would talk)
hablar-an
(they would talk)
The CONDITIONAL PERFECT (potencial perfecto) is a compound tense using the
conditional of the auxiliary verb haber and the past participle of the main verb:
habra comido
(I would have eaten)
habras comido
(you would have eaten)
habra comido
(she would have eaten)
habramos comido
(we would have eaten)
habrais comido
(you would have eaten)
habran comido
(they would have eaten)
NOTE: The conditional is often treated as though it were a tense rather than a mood; strictly
speaking, however, the conditional is a mood which has two tenses: a simple tense used
when referring to present possibilities, and a compound tense used when referring to
possibilities in the past.
Subjunctive Mood
The SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (modo subjuntivo) is used in independent clauses introduced by
que (that) when the main clause expresses a wish, a strong emotional attitude, or an
uncertainty: Te ruego que escribas en espaol (I beg you to write in Spanish); Tenan
miedo de que ella no volviera (They were afraid that she might not come back); Dudo que
sea la verdad (I doubt that it's the truth).
The subjunctive is also used for FORMAL COMMANDS, for the negative (only) of
INFORMAL COMMANDS, for HORTATORY COMMANDS (English Let's...!) and after
IMPERSONAL EXPRESSIONS like es necesario (it is necessary): Tenga Ud. (Here, have
this); No hables (Don't talk!); Comamos (Let's eat); Es una lstima que no quiera venir (It's
a pity that he doesn't want to come).
The PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE is regularly formed by adding one set of personal endings to
the stem of -AR verbs and a second set of endings to verbs of the -ER and -IR conjugations:

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
habl-e (I talk)
habl-emos (we talk)
habl-es (you talk)
habl-is (you talk)
habl-e (she talks)
habl-en (they talk)
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
com-a (I eat)
com-amos (we eat)
com-as (you eat)
com-is (you eat)
com-a (she eat)
com-an (they eat)
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
viv-a (I live)
viv-amos (we live)
viv-as (you live)
viv-is (you live)
viv-a (she lives)
viv-an (they live)
The IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is formed by adding a set of endings terminating in either -
53
RA or -SE (with no difference in usage or meaning) to the verb stem, with one set of endings
for first conjugation (-AR) verbs and another set of endings for second (-ER) and third (-IR)
conjugation verbs: Esperaba que l llegara/llegase tarde (I was expecting him to arrive late).
FIRST CONJUGATION (habl-ar) IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
habl-ara OR
habl-ase
habl-aras OR
habl-ases
habl-ara OR
habl-ase
habl-ramos
OR
habl-arais
OR
habl-aranOR
habl-asen
(I talked)
(you talked)
(she talked)
habl-semos (we talked)
habl-aseis
(you all talked)
(they talked)
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
com-iera OR
com-iese
com-ieras
OR
com-iera OR
com-iese
com-iramos
OR
com-ierais
OR
com-ieran
OR
(I ate)
com-ieses
(you ate)
(she ate)
com-isemos (we ate)
com-ieseis
(you all ate)
com-iesen
(they ate)
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
viv-iera OR
viv-iese
(I lived)
viv-ieras OR
viv-ieses
(you lived)
viv-iera OR
viv-iese
(she lived)
viv-iramos
OR
vivisemos
(we lived)
viv-ierais OR
viv-ieseis
(you all lived)
viv-ieran OR
viv-iesen
(they lived)
The PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is a compound tense formed by the present subjunctive of
haber and the past participle of the main verb.
haya comido
(I have eaten)
hayas comido
(you have eaten)
haya comido
(she has eaten)
hayamos comido
(we have eaten)
hayis comido
(you all have eaten)
hayan comido
(they have eaten)
The PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE is a compound tense formed by the imperfect
subjunctive of haber and the past participle of the main verb.
hubiera/hubiese comido (I had eaten)

hubieras/hubieses comido
(you had eaten)
hubiera/hubiese comido (she had have eaten)
hubiramos/hubisemos comido
(we had eaten)
hubierais/hubieseis comido
(you had eaten)
hubieran/hubiesen comido
(they had eaten)
Commands
54
Familiar COMMANDS (mandatos), when positive, are expressed by means of the imperative
mood. The second person singular (t) forms are identical to the third person singular of the
present tense: El nio duerme (The child is sleeping); Duerme t! (Go to sleep!). The
second person plural (vosotros) forms are based on the infinitive, with a -d substituted for the
final -r: Dormid vosotros! (Go to sleep, all of you!).
NEGATIVE familiar commands, both singular and plural, are expressed by the present
subjunctive: No duermas t! (Don't go to sleep!).
The present subjunctive is used for FORMAL COMMANDS, both positive and negative:
Duerma Ud. (Please go to sleep). It is also used for indirect commands (introduced by the
conjunction que): Est cansado; que se acueste (He's tired; let him go to bed).
For impersonal commands given in a general sense (directions on a bottle or an examination
paper, for instance) the impersonal pronoun se is attached to the subjunctive: Agtese antes
de usar (Shake before using); Escrbase en espaol (Write in Spanish). Hortatory commands
can be expressed either with the subjunctive or with the phrase vamos a and an infinitive:
Durmamos (Let's go to sleep); Vamos a dormir (Let's go to sleep).
Object pronouns are attached to affirmative commands, but they precede negative and
indirect commands: Trigamelo Ud. (Bring it to me); No me lo traiga Ud. (Don't bring it to
me); Que lo traiga Juan (Let John bring it).
Passive and Impersonal Constructions

In the PASSIVE VOICE (voz pasiva), the subject is acted upon by an outside agent. When
the agent is specified, the passive voice is expressed by:
SUBJECT + ser + past participle + por + AGENT
for example: Esta carta fue escrita por un amigo mo (This letter was written by a friend of
mine).
Since the past participle acts as an adjective, it agrees in gender and number with the
subject. If the passive subject is a thing and the agent is not mentioned, then a PASSIVE
REFLEXIVE (
pasiva reflexiva) construction is used, with the reflexive pronoun se preceding the verb and
the passive subject following it: Aqu se venden cigarrillos (Cigarettes are sold here).
Se is also used to form IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS, with se used as an indefinite
subject pronoun similar to the English one or the impersonal you and they. This construction
is often difficult-- if not impossible-- to distinguish from the passive reflexive (textbooks differ
in their classification of common phrases like Se habla espaol (Spanish is spoken / One
speaks Spanish). There are two main criteria to be met: the verb must be in the singular,
since se is singular when used as a subject pronoun, and se should be easily translated as
one or you: Cmo se va al teatro? (How does one get to the theater?); Cmo se dice eso
en espaol? (How do you say that in Spanish?).
Participles and Progressive Tenses

55
The PRESENT PARTICIPLE (gerundio) is formed by adding the suffix -ando to the stem of
first conjugation (-AR) verbs and -iendo to the stem of second (-ER) and third (-IR)
conjugation verbs (or -yendo if the stem ends in a vowel).
habl-ar
com-er
viv-ir
(to talk)
(to eat)
(to live)
hablando (talking)
comiendo (eating)
viviendo (living)
le-er (to read)

leyendo (reading)
The present participle is used with the verb estar to form the PROGRESSIVE TENSES (
tiempos progresivos), which express an ongoing action: Estoy estudiando espaol (I am
studying Spanish); Estabas leyendo el peridico (You were reading the newspaper). The
same construction is used with seguir and continuar: Sigue llorando (She keeps on crying);
Continuan estudiando (They continue studying). The present participle is also used with the
verb ir to express an action which is gradual or incremental: Va mejorando (It is getting
better).
NOTE: The progressive construction is never used for estar, venir and ir.
The PAST PARTICIPLE (participio pasivo) is formed by adding the suffix -ado to the stem of AR verbs, -ido to the stem of -ER and -IR verbs (or -do if the stem ends in a vowel).
cerr-ar (to close)

cerrado (closed)
perd-er (to lose)
perdido (lost)
recib-ir (to receive)
recibido (received)
ca-er
(to fall)
cado (fallen)
When used with the auxiliary verb haber to form compound tenses, the past participle has an
invariable ending: Hemos cerrado la tienda (We have closed the store); Habr perdido las
llaves (He will have lost the keys); Habas recibido una carta (You had received a letter);
Entraron despus de que hubo cado (They entered after she had fallen down).
When used adjectivally, however, past participles agree in gender and number with the
nouns they modify: La tienda est cerrada (The store is closed); Las llaves estn perdidas
(The keys are lost).
Infinitives
The INFINITIVE (infinitivo) is a verb form that is not limited by person or number; to be is an
English infinitive. Spanish/English dictionaries always identify a verb by its infinitive.
A COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVE completes the meaning of a preceding conjugated verb:
No puedo hablar de eso (I can't talk about that); Quiero comer en un restaurante (I want to
eat in a restaurant); Ella piensa vivir con ellos (She intends to live with them).
After a preposition, the infinitive form of a verb must always be used: Prefiero leer antes de
dormir (I prefer to read before going to sleep).
A common temporal expression consists of the contraction al (literally, "at the", but translate
56
"upon") together with an infinitive: Al despertar, me di cuenta de lo que haba hecho (Upon
awakening, I realized what I had done).
Infinitives can be used as VERBAL NOUNS (nombres verbales). When used that way, they
are considered to be masculine singular, and may be preceded by the definite article el: El
escribir bien es un arte (Writing well is an art); Trabajar es lo que importa (Working is what
matters).
NOTE: Confusion arises for English-speaking students from the fact that verbal nouns in
English have the same form as present participles. In the sentence "Singing is fun", for
example, the word "singing" is a verbal noun; but it is a present participle in the sentence "I
am singing" (present progressive tense). In Spanish, the first example would use an infinitive
(El cantar es agradable), while the second one would use a present participle (Estoy
cantando).
This confusion is compounded by the fact that English verbal nouns are called gerunds and
Spanish present participles are called gerundios. It is advisable, perhaps, to avoid using the
terms gerund and gerundio altogether; verbal noun and present participle are unmistakable in
their meaning.
Stem-Changing Verbs
Many verbs in Spanish change the spelling of their stems in certain conjugated forms. These
verbs can be divided into three major groups:
GROUP 1
Verbs in -AR or -ER that change the stem vowel from E to IE or from O to UE in the indicative
and subjunctive moods of the present tense, except in the plurals of the first and second
persons ("we" and "you all").
Pensar (to think)
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
pienso piense (I think)
piensas pienses (you think)
piensa piense (she thinks)
pensamos
pensemos (we think)
pensis pensis (you all think)
piensan piensen (they think)
Volver (to return)
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
vuelvo vuelva (I return)
vuelves vuelvas (you return)
vuelve vuelva (she returns)
volvemosvolvamos (we return)
volvis volvis (you all return)
vuelven vuelvan (they return)
GROUP 2
Verbs in -IR with the same changes as above, and an additional change of E to I or O to U in
57
the third person of the preterite tense, in the first and second person plural forms of the
present subjunctive, and in the entire imperfect subjunctive conjugation as well as the
present participle.
Sentir, (to feel)

Present Indicative:
siento, sientes, siente, sentimos, sents, sienten
Preterite: sent, sentiste, sinti, sentimos, sentisteis, sintieron
Present Subjunctive:
sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintis, sientan
Imperfect Subjunctive: sintiera, sintieras, sintiera, sintiramos, sintierais, sintieran
Present Participle:
sintiendo
Dormir, (to sleep)
Present Indicative
duermo, duermes, duerme, dormimos, dorms, duermen
Preterite: dorm, dormiste, durmi, dormimos, dormisteis, durmieron
duerma, duermas, duerma durmamos, durmis, duerman
Imperfect Subjunctive: durmiera, durmieras, durmiera, durmiramos
durmierais, durmieran
Present Participle:
durmiendo
GROUP 3
Verbs in -IR which only change E to I.
Pedir (to request)
Present Indicative:
pido, pides, pide, pedimos, peds, piden
Preterite: ped, pediste, pidi, pedimos, pedisteis, pidieron
pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidis, pidan
Imperfect Subjunctive: pidiera, pidieras, pidiera, pidiramos, pidierais, pidieran
Present Participle:
pidiendo
Future tense Ir A
The future tense can be expressed by using the construction ir a followed by an infinitive.
This construction can also be used with reference to the past, by conjugating ir in the
imperfect tense: Voy a cantar (I am going to sing); Iban a bailar (They were about to dance).
False friends
Because some of the words are almost identical in the two languages, its easy to
confuse their meanings. It is one of the pitfalls for people learning Spanish.
Absoluto & Absolute(ly)
Absoluto - absolute, utter, complete. When preceded by en, it means not at all, by
no means, no way.
Absolute- absoluto. Absolutely - absolutamente, completamente, totalmente.
58
Actual & Actual

Actual - current or present: El presidente actual vive en Madrid - The current
president lives in Madrid. Actualmente - currently, at present, now.
Actual - verdadero or efectivo. Actually - realmente, en realidad, en efecto.
Aplicar & Apply
Aplicar - to apply something, like a theory, paint, or sanctions.
Apply - aplicar apply for a job - solicitar or presentar; to apply oneself to - dirigirse a
uno; to apply in the sense of be applicable - ser aplicable or interesar.
Asistir & Assist
Asistir - to attend.
Assist - ayudar.
Atender & Attend
Atender - to attend in Latin America, in Spain - to pay attention to, to heed, care for.
Attend - asistir.
Billn & Billion
Billn - a trillion in US, billion in UK.
Billion (amer) - mil millones. (Brit) billn.
Bizarro & Bizarre
Bizarro - valient, gallant, brave; generous.
Bizarre - extrao or raro
Blanco & Blank

Blanco white, blank: una pgina blanca - a blank sheet of paper.
Blank (adj) en blanco, liso, sin adorno.
Campo & Camp
Campo means country(side), field, or farm.
Camp refers to un campamento.
Carpeta & Carpet
Carpeta - folder, file, portfolio, briefcase, or table cloth.
Carpet - una alfombra, una moqueta.
Complexin & Complexion
Complexin - constitution, make-up, temperament, physical build.
Complexion - la tez, el cutiz, la piel.
Compromiso & Compromise
Compromiso - obligation, commitment, promise, or agreement.
Compromise (n) - una transaccin, una avenencia, unas concesiones recprocas, el
trmino medio, la solucin intermedia; (v) - comprometer or transigir.
59
Constipacin & Constipation

Constipacin, constipado - a cold or catarrh.
Constipation - el estreimiento.
Contestar & Contest
Contestar means to answer or reply.
Contest as a verb means impugnar, atacar, disputar, or contender.
Corresponder & Correspond
Corresponder -to correspond, tally, fit in, match, or belong.
Correspond (by mail) - escribirse, estar en correspondencia con.
Chocar & Choke
Chocar - shock or startle, clink (glasses), shake (hands).
Choke - sofocarse or atragantarse.
Decepcin/Decepcionar & Deception/Deceive
Decepcin - disappointment. Decepcionar - to disappoint.
Deception - un engao, un fraude. To deceive - engaar, defraudar.
Delito & Delight

Delito - a crime, offence, misdeed.
Delight - el placer, el deleite, el encanto, la delicia. To delight - encantar, deleitar.
Desgracia & Disgrace
Desgracia - misfortune, mishap, accident, setback, bad luck.
Disgrace - la deshonra, ignominia.
Despertar & Desperate
Despertar to wake up
Desperate - desesperado.
Destituido & Destitute
Destituido - devoid of or lacking.
Destitute - indigente, desamparado, necesitado, en la miseria.
Disco & Disco
Disco - disco, disk, discus, traffic-light, or (audio) record.
Disco - disco, discoteca, or sala de baile.
Disgusto & Disgust
Disgusto - annoyance, displeasure, grief, trouble.
Disgust - repugnancia , aversin.
Educado & Educated
60
Educado - well-mannered, polite, cultivated, from the verb educar - to raise, bring
up, rear.
Educated form of the verb to educate: formar or instruir.
Embarazada & Embarrassed
Embarazada (adj) pregnant, noun: una embarazada = a pregnant woman, an
expectant mother.
Embarrassed - avergonzado, molesto, or incmodo.
Emocionante & Emotional
Emocionante - exciting, thrilling, moving.
Emotional - afectivo, emocional, emotivo, sentimental.
xito & Exit
xito - success: a gran xito - very successful.
Exit - una salida.
Fbrica & Fabric

Fbrica - factory, plant, or mill.
Fabric - el tejido or la tela.
Ftbol & Football
Ftbol - soccer (in American English).
Football - le ftbol americano.
Ftil & Futile
Ftil - trivial, while
Futile - intil, vano, or infructuoso.
Insulto & Insult
Insulto (Mexico) - indigestion or a stomachache.
Insult - insulto.
Introducir & Introduce
Introducir - introduce a topic.
Introduce (a person) - presentar
Largo & Large
Largo - long, generous, or abundant.
Large - grande or importante.
Librera & Library
Librera - bookstore.
Library - una biblioteca.
Minorista & Minority
61
Minorista (Caribbean and South American) - retail or retail seller.

Minority - la minora or, as an adjective, minoritario.
Molestar & Molest
Molestar - to annoy or bother.
Molest - acosar sexualmente.
Nombre & Number
Nombre - name or noun.
Number - un nmero.
Once & Once
Once - eleven
Once - una vez.
Preservativo vs Preservative
Preservativo - a condom.
Preservative - un conservador.
Pretender & Pretend
Pretender - claim: Ella pretende ser rica - She claims to be rich.
Pretend - fingir or simular.
Raro & Rare
Raro - rare, but more commonly means odd or strange.
Rare - poco comn or excepcional.
Real & Real
Real - royal.
Real - verdadero, autntico, legtimo.
Realizar & Realize
Realizar - to realize, make real, to attain, or to fulfill.
Realize realizar, darse cuenta de, comprender, reconocer.
Recordar & Record
Recordar - remember, recall, or remind.
Record - registrar, inscribir, or grabar.
Relativo & Relative
Relativo has the same meaning as an adjective, but as a noun it is used only in
linguistics.
Relative as a noun - pariente or familiar.
Revolver & Revolver
62
Revolver is a verb: to move around, turn over, revolve, or disturb.

Revolver is a noun: un revlver
Ropa & Rope
Ropa - clothing.
Rope - una cuerda or una soga.
Salario & Salary
Salario - hourly wages, while
Salary - fixed earnings per month or year: el sueldo.
Sano & Sane
Sano - healthy, fit, or intact.
Sane - cuerdo, sensato, or de juicio sano.
Sensible & Sensible
Sensible - sensitive or regrettable.
Sensible - juicioso, sensato, or prudente.
Sobre - Sober
Sobre - envelope or a preposition: on, above, over.
Sober - sobrio or sereno.
Sopa & Soap
Sopa - soup or, informally, a hangover, while
Soap - jabn.
Soportar & Support
Soportar - to bear, carry, support, hold up, or withstand.
Support - apoyar, sostener, or mantener.
Suceso & Success
Suceso - an event, incident, happening, or outcome.
Success - un xito or triunfo.
Tuna & Tuna
Tuna - prickly pear, a student music group, the life of a rogue, and, in Central
America, drunkenness.
Tuna - el atn.
Vaso & Vase
Vaso - a glass or tumbler.
Vase - un florero or jarrn.
63
How to write Spanish characters

How to write the Spanish characters and accents eg, on a non Spanish
keyboard?
If you didn't buy your computer in a Spanish speaking country then your keyboard won't be
set up for Spanish. .
To write a character with alt keys you must have your "num lock" enabled.
If you want to write an first we have to know the ASCII code which is alt 164.
To write an press and hold the ALT key. While holding down the ALT key, enter the 3-digit
decimal code for the extended ASCII character you want to generate (in this case 164) then
release the ALT key. You should be able to do this in almost any programme.
Here is a list of Spanish characters with their alt numbers.
160
130
161
162
163
144
168
173
166
167
164
165
Note: It is never obligatory to use accents with capital letters.
64
hour
Spanish - English
Dictionary
Abbreviations used in this dictionary:
n - noun, adj - adjective, adv - adverb, v verb, f - feminine, m - masculine, pron pronoun, prep preposition, pl - plural
l litro - liter
Lic. licenciado - attorney
m metros - m (meters)
mm mlimetros - mm (millimeters)
m.n. moneda nacional - national currancy
(sometimes used to distinguish the national
currency from others)
N norte - N (north)
no., nm. nmero - no (number)
Abreviaturas - Abbreviations
a.C. ante de Christo - B.C (before Christ)
a. J.C. antes de Jesucristo - B.C. (before
Christ),
a.m. antes del medioda - a.m.(before noon)
apdo. apartado postal P.O. Box
Av. avenida Ave. (avenue)
Avda. avenida Ave. (avenue)
c.c. centmetro cbico - c.c. (cubic
centimeters)
Ca compaia - Co. (company)
cm centmetro - cm. (centimetre)
c/u cada uno - per each, apiece,
D. don - Sir
Da. doa - Madam
d.C. despus de Cristo - A.D. (anno domini)
d.J.C. despus de Jesucristo - A.D. (anno
domini),
Dr. doctor - Dr.(m)
Dra. doctora - Dr. (f)
E este (punto cardinal) - E (east)
EE. UU. Estados Unidos - U.S. (United
States)
esq. esquina - corner
etc. etctera - etc. (an so on)
FF. AA. fuerzas armadas - armed forces
f.c., F.C. ferrocarril - R.R. (railroad)
Gob. gobierno - Gov. (government)
Gral. general - Gen. (general)
h. hora - hour
O oeste - W (west)
OEA Organizacin de Estados Americanos OAS (Organization of American States)
ONU Organizacin de Naciones Unidas UN (United Nations)
OTAN Organizacin del Tratado del Norte
NATO (North American Treaty Organization)
pg. pgina - page
P.D. postdata - P.S.
p.ej. por ejemplo - e.g. (for example)
p.m. post meridien - p.m. (after noon)
Prof profesor, profesora - Professor (m)
Profa profesora - Professor (f)
pta. peseta - peseta (monetary unit of
Spain)
q.e.p.d. que en paz descanse - R.I.P. (rest
in peace)
S sur - S (south)
S.A. Sociedad Annima - Inc.(incorporation)
S.L. Sociedad Limitada - Ltd. (limited
partnership)
Sr. seor - Mr. (Mister)
Sra. seora - Mrs.(Mistress)
Srta. seorita - Miss
s.s.s. su seguro servidor - literally: your
faithful servant (used as salutation in letters)
Kind regards
tel. telfono telephone
Ud.,Vd. usted - you (singular)
Uds.,Vds. ustedes - you (plural)
v. vase - go see
vol. volumen - vol (volume)
Ing. ingeniero - engineer

W.C. water closet - toilet, bathroom
kg kilogramos - kg (kilograms)
km kilmetros - km (kilometers)
km/h kilmetros por hora - kilometers per
65
A
a (prep) - to
abajo (adv) - down
abeja (nf) - bee
abierto (adj) - open
abrelatas (nm) - can opener
abrigo (nm) - coat
abril (nm) - April
abuela (nf) - grandmother
abuelo (nm) - grandfather
acebo (nm) - holly
aceite (nm) - oil
aceituna (nf) - olive
acera (nf) - sidewalk
acuario (nm) - aquarium
adicin (nf) - addition
adis (int) - goodbye
adulto (nm, adj) - adult, grown-up
aeronave (nf) - airship
aeronave cohete (nm) - rocket
frica (nf) - Africa
agrico (n) - toadstool
agosto (nm) - August
agradecer (v) - thank
agua (nm) - water
aguacate (nm) - avocado
guila (nm) - eagle
aguja (nf) - needle
al aire libre - outdoors
ala (nm) - wing
alacrn (nm) - scorpion
alcachofa (nf) - artichoke
alcancia (nf) - piggy bank
alce (nm) - elk
aldea (nf) - village
aleta (nf) - fin
alern (nm) - aileron
alfabeto (nm) - alphabet
alfombra (nf) - carpet, rug
alga marina (nf) - kelp
algas (nf pl) - seaweed
algodn (nm) de azcar - cotton candy
alicates (nm pl) - pliers
almacn (nm) - store
almohada (nf) - pillow
almuerzo (nm) - lunch
alrededor de (adv) - around
alta/alto (adj) - tall
amanecer (nm) - sunrise
amarillo (adj) - yellow
mbar (nm) - amber
ambulancia (nf) - ambulance
Amrica (nm) del Norte - North America
Amrica (nm) del Sur - South America
amigo (nm) - friend

amigo (nm) por correspondencia - pen pal
amigos (nm pl) - friends
amor (nm) - love
anaranjado (adj) - orange
anatoma (nf) - anatomy
ancho (adj) - wide
ancla (nm) - anchor
andar (v) - walk
ngel (nm) - angel
angosto (adj) - narrow
anguila (nf) - eel
ngulo (nm) - angle
anillo (nm) - ring
animal (nm) - animal
animal (nm) domstico - pet
animales (nm pl) - animals
ao (nm) - year
anochecer (nm) - evening
Antrtico (nm) - Antarctica
antifaz (nm) - mask
antlope (nm) - antelope
apio (nm) - celery
aplaudir (v) - clap
aprender (v) - learn
araa (nf) - spider
rbol (nm) - tree
arce (nm) - maple
archipilago (nm) - archipelago
arcilla (nf) - clay
arco (nm) - arch
arco (nm) - bow
arco (nm) iris - rainbow
arder (v) - burn
ardilla (nf) - squirrel
ardilla ( nf) listada - chipmunk
arena (nf) - sand
arena (nf) movediza - quicksand
arete (nm) - earring
aritmtica (nf) - arithmetic
arquero (nm) - archer
armario (nm) - cupboard
arpa (nm) - harp
arrendajo (n) - jay
arriba (adv) - up
arriba de (prep) - above
arrodillarse (v) - kneel
arte (nm) - art
artista (nm, f) - artist
ascensor (nm) - elevator
Asia (nf) - Asia
aspiradora (nf) - vacuum cleaner
asta (nf) - spear, horn, antler
asteroide (nm) - asteroid
astronauta (nm, f) - astronaut
astronoma (nf) - astronomy
66
asustado (adj) - frightened, scared

atardecer (nm) - sunset
atad (nm) - coffin
atleta (nm, f) - athlete
tomo (nm) - atom
aurora (nf) - aurora
Australia (nm) - Australia
autobs (nm) - bus
automvil (nm) - automobile
avenida (nf) - avenue
aventar (v) - throw
avestruz (nm) - ostrich
avin (nm) - aeroplane, plane
avin (nm) de reaccin - jet
avispa (nf) - wasp
Aydeme, por favor. - Please help me.
azada (nf), azadn (nm) - hoe
azucena (nf) - lily
azul (adj) - blue
azulejo (nm) - tile, bluebird
B
backgammon (nm) - backgammon
baha (nf) - bay
baera (nf) - bathtub
bailar (v) - dance
bailarina (nf), bailarn (nm) - ballerina,
dancer
baja/bajo (adj) - short
bajar (v) - lower, download
balanza (nf) - scale
balancn (n) - seesaw
balde (nm) - bucket, pail
ballena (nf) - whale
banco (nm) - bench
bandera (nf) - flag
banjo (nm) - banjo
baraja (nf) - cards
barbilla (nf) - chin
barca (nf) - (small) boat
barco (nm) - ship
barco (nm) de vela - sailboat
barquillo (nm) de helado - ice cream cone
barril (nm) - barrel
bastn (nm) - cane
basurero (nm) - rubbish bin, garbage can
bate (nm) - baseball bat
batidor (nm) de mano - whisk
bal (nm) - trunk
beb (nm) - baby
beber (v) - drink

bella (adj f), bello (adj m) - beautiful
bellota (nf) - acorn
berenjena (nf) - eggplant
biblioteca (nf) - library
bicho (nm) - insect, bug, small creature
bicicleta (nf) - bicycle
billete (nm) - bill
billn (nm) - billion (Brit.), trillion (Amer.)
birrete (nm) - mortar board
bistec (nm) - steak
bizcocho (nm) - cake
blanco (adj) - white
blanco (nm) - target
blusa (nf) - blouse
bobo (nm) - mutt
boca (nf) - mouth
boca (nf) de aqua, boca (nf) de incendio fire hydrant
bocadillo (nm) - sandwich
bolgrafo (nm) - pen
bollo (nm) - roll, bun
bolsa (nf) - bag
bolsillo (nm) - pocket
bolso (nm) - purse
bomba (nf) de incendios - fire engine
bombero (nm), bombera (nf) - fire fighter
bombilla (nf) - bulb, lightbulb
bosque (nm) - forest
bosque (nm) tropical - rain forest
bota (nf) - boot
bote (nm) - boat
botella (nf) - bottle
botn (nm) - button
botija (nf), botijo (nm) - jug
brazo (nm) - arm
brea (nf) - tar
brculi (nm) - broccoli
brocha (nf) - paintbrush
broma (nf) - joke
bruja (nf) - witch
brjula (nf) - compass
buenos dias - good morning
buenas noches - good night, good evening
buenas tardes - good afternoon
bfalo (nm) - buffalo
bufanda (nf) - scarf
bho (nm) - owl
buitre (nm) - vulture
burbuja (nf) - bubble
burro (nm) - donkey
buzn (nm) - mailbox
67
C
caballete (nm) - easel
caballito (nm) - pony
caballito (nm) de mar - seahorse
caballo (nm) - horse
cabeza (nf) - head
cabra (nf) - goat
cachorro (nm) - puppy
cacto (nm) - cactus
cada (adj invar.) - each, every
cadera (nf) - hip
caf (nm) - coffee
caimn (nm) - alligator
caja (nf) - box
caja (nf) de las herramientas - toolbox
caja (nf) de sorpresa - jack-in-the-box
calabacin (nm) -zucchini
calabaza (nf) - pumpkin
calamar (nm) - squid
calcetin (nm) - sock
calendario (nm) - calendar
calidoscopio (nm) - kaleidoscope
caliente (adj) - hot
callado/callada (adj) - quiet
calle (nf) - street
callejn (nm), calleja (nf) - alley
cama (nf) - bed
cmara fotogrfica (nf) - camera
camaron (nm) - shrimp
camello (nm) - camel
caminar - walk
camino (nm) - road
camin (nm) - truck
camin (nm) cisterna - tanker
camin (nm) de basura - garbage truck
camin (nm) de volteo - dump truck
camisa (nf) - shirt
camisa (nf) de dormir/ camisn (nm) nightgown, nightshirt
campamento (nm) - camp
campana (nf) - bell
caa (nf) de pescar - fishing rod
canario (nm) - canary
canasta (nf) - basket
canasta (nf) para ropa - laundry basket
candado (nm) - padlock
cangrejo (nm) - crab
canguro (nm) - kangaroo
canoa (nf) - canoe
cantar (v) - sing
cantimplora (nf) - water bottle
capullo (nm) - cocoon
capullo (nm) - bud

cara (nf) - face
caracol (nm) - snail
carmbano (nm) - icicle
caramelo (nm) - candy, sweet
caravana (nf) - (veh.) camper
carne (nf) - meat
carreta (nf) - cart
carrete (nm) - spool
carretilla (nf) - wheelbarrow
carretn (nm) - wagon
carro (nm) - car
carta (nf) - letter
cartera (nf) - briefcase, wallet
casa (nf) - house
Casa (nf) Blanca - White House
cascada (nf) - waterfall
casco (nm) - hoof, helmet, hull
casero (nm) - village, hamlet
casita (nf) de muecas - dollhouse
castillo (nm) - castle
castor (nm) - beaver
catorce (adj, nm) - fourteen
cebolla (nf) - onion
cebra (nf) - zebra
ceja (nf) - eyebrow
clula (nf) - cell
centavo (nm) - cent, penny
cepillo (nm) - brush
cepillo (nm) del pelo, cepillo (nm) de
cabeza - hairbrush
cepillo (nm) de dientes - toothbrush
cerca (nf) - fence
cerdo (nm) - pig, hog
cerebro (nm) - brain
cereza (nf) - cherry
cero (nm) - zero
cerrado (adj) - closed
cerradura (nf) - lock
csped (nm) - lawn, grass
cesta (nf) - basket
cheque (nm) - check
cicln (nm)- cyclone
cielo (nm) - sky
cien (adj) - hundred
ciencia (nf) - science
cierre (nm) - zipper
cigarra (nf) - cicada
cilindro (nm) - cylinder
cinco (adj) - five
cinco centavos - five cents, nickel
cincuenta (adj) - fifty
cinta (nf) - ribbon
cinta (nf) adhesiva - adhesive tape
cinta (nf) mtrica - tape measure
cintura (nf) - waist
68
circo (nm) - circus

crculo (nm) - circle
ciruela (nf) - plum
cisne (nm) - swan
ctara (nf) - zither
clarinete (nm) - clarinet
clavel (nm) - carnation
clavo (nm) - nail
coche (nm) de bomberos - fire engine
cocina (nf) - kitchen
cocodrilo (nm) - crocodile
codo (nm) - elbow
codorniz (nm) - quail
cola (nf) - tail
colibr (nm) - hummingbird
coliflor (nf) - cauliflower
colina (nf) - hill
collar (nm) - necklace
colmena (nf) - hive
color (nm) - colour
comadreja (nf) - weasel
comer (v) - eat
cometa (nf) - kite
cometa (nm) - comet
comida (nf) - meal, food
Cmo? - How?
Cmo ests? - How are you?
Cmo se dice...? - How do you say...?
Cmo te llamas? - What is your name?
comprender (v) - understand
computadora (nf) - computer
concha (nf) - shell
conejito (nm) - bunny
conejo (nm) - rabbit
congelador (nm) - freezer
cono (nm) - cone
constelacin (nf) - constellation
contenta/contento (adj) - happy
contonear (v) - wiggle
contrabajo (nm) - double bass
contrafagote (nm) - bassoon
contrariar (v) - oppose
contrario (adj, nm) - opposite, contrary
control (nm) remoto - remote control
copo (nm) de nieve - snowflake
coral (nm) - coral
corazn (nm) - heart
corbata (nf) - necktie, tie
cordel (nm) - string
cordero (nm) - lamb
corno (nm) de caza - French horn
corno (nm) ingls - English horn
corona (nf) - crown
correcamino (nm) - roadrunner
correo (nm) -mail
correr (v) - run
cortadora (nf) de csped - lawn mower

cortina (nf) - curtain, drape
cosecha (nf) - crop
coser (v) - sew
cosquillas (nf pl) - ticklishness, hacer
cosquillas - tickle
coyote (nm) - coyote
crneo (nm) - skull
crema (nf) - cream
crema (nf) dental - toothpaste
creencia (nf) - belief
creencier (v) - believe, (pensar) think
creyn (nm) - crayon
crislida (nf) - pupa
cristal (nm) - crystal
cruce (nm) para peatones, cruce (nm)
peatonal - crosswalk
cuaderno (nm) - notebook
cuadrado (nm) - square
cuadro (nm) - picture
cul (pron) - which
cundo (adv, conj) - when
Cundo es? - What time is it?
cunto (adv, pron) - how much, how many
Cunto? - How much?
Cunto es? - How much is it?
cuarenta (adj) - forty
cuarto (nm) - room
cuarto (nm) de bao - bathroom
cuarzo (nm) - quartz
cuatrillizo (nm) - quadruplet
cuatro (adj,nm) - four
cubeta (nf) - bucket, pail
cubo (nm) - block, cube
cubo (nm) de basura - rubbish bin, trash can
cucaracha (nf) - cockroach
cucharita (nf) - spoon
cucharn (nf) - ladle
cuchillo (nm) - knife
cuello (nm) - neck
cuento (nm) - story, tale
cuerda (nf) - cord, rope, string; instrumentos
de cuerda - string instruments
cuerda (nf) para brincar - jump rope
cuerno (nm) - horn
cuerpo (nm) - body
cuervo (nm) - crow
cueva (nf) - cave
culebra (nf) - snake
cumpleaos (nm) - birthday
cua (nf) - wedge
CH
69
chaleco (nm) - vest

champin (nm) - mushroom
champ (nm) - shampoo
chancla (nf) - flip-flop, thong
chaqueta (nf) - jacket
charca (nf) - pond
chica (nf) - girl
chico (nm) - boy
chimenea (nf) - chimney
chimpanc (nm) - chimpanzee
chinche (nm) - thumbtack
chocolate (nm) - chocolate
chorizo (nm) - sausage, salami
choza (nf) - hut
chupete (nm) - dummy (Brit.), pacifier
(Amer.)
D
dado (nm) - dice
dama (nf) - lady; damas (nf pl) - draught
(Brit.), checkers (Amer.)
dar (v) - give
dardo (nm) - dart
de (prep) -of, from; De dnde eres? - Where
are you from?
debajo (adv) - underneath, debajo de - under
dedo (nm) - finger
dedo (nm) del pie - toe
delantal (nm) - apron
delante (adv) - in front, delante de - in front
of
delfn (nm) - dolphin
delgado (adj) - thin
delta (nf) - delta
De nada. - You're welcome.
dentro (adv) - inside
deporte (nm) - sport
derecha (adv) - right, a la derecha - on the
right
desayuno (nm) - breakfast
deseo (nm) - wish, desire
desierto (nm) - desert
desnudo (adj) - naked
destornillador (nm) - screwdriver
detrs de (adv) - behind
da (nm) - day
diamante (nm) - diamond
diana (nf) - dartboard, bull's eye
dibujar (v) - draw
dibujo (nm) - drawing

diciembre (nm) - December
diecinueve (adj, nm) - nineteen
dieciocho (adj, nm) - eighteen
diecisis (adj, nm) - sixteen
diecisiete (adj, nm) - seventeen
diente (nm) - tooth
dieta (nf) - diet
diez (adj, nm) - ten
dinero (nm) - money
dinosaurio (nm) - dinosaur
direccin (nf) - address
dirigible (nm) - dirigible, blimp
dividir (v) - divide
divisin (nf) - division
doble (adj, nm) - double
doce (adj, nm) - twelve
docena (nf) - dozen
doctor (nm) - doctor
dlar (nm) - dollar
domingo (nm) - Sunday
domin (nm) - dominoes (game)
dnde (adv) - where
Donde esta el bao? - Where is the
bathroom?
dormido (adj) - asleep
dormir (v) - sleep
dormitar (v) - doze
dormitorio (nm) - bedroom
dos (adj, nm) - two
dragn (nm) - dragon
durazno (nm) - peach
E
echar (v) - throw
edificio (nm) - building
ecuador (nm) - equator
edredn (nm) - quilt
ejercer (v) - exercise, practise
ejercicio (nm) - exercise, hacer ejercicio exercise
electricidad (nf) - electricity
elefante (nm) - elephant
elipse (nf) - ellipse
embudo (nm) - funnel
emparedado (nm) - sandwich
empujar (v) - push, press
empujatierra (n) - bulldozer
en (prep) - in
encaje (nm) - lace
encantado (adj) - enchanted, bewitched
70
Encantado de conocerle. - Pleased to meet

you.
encima de (adv) - on top of
energa (nf) - energy
enero (nm) - January
enferma/enfermo (adj) - sick
enfermero (nm), enfermera (nf) - nurse
engrapadora (nf) - stapler
enigma (nm) - enigma, riddle
enojado (adj) - angry, mad
ensalada (nf) - salad
ensear (v) - teach
entender (v) - understand
Entiende el ingls? - Do you understand
English?
entrada (nf) - entrance
entre (prep) - between
equipo (nm) - team
erizo (nm) - hedgehog
escabel (nm) - footstool, stool
escalera (nf) - ladder
escarabajo (nm) - beetle
escayola (nf) - cast
escoba (nf) - broom
escribir (v) - write
escritorio (nm) - desk
escuela (nf) - school
esfera (nf) - sphere
esmeralda (nf) - emerald
espada (nf) - sword
esptula (nf) - spatula
espejo (nm) - mirror
espina (nf) dorsal - spine
espiral (nm) - spiral
esponja (nf) - sponge
esposa (nf) - wife
esqueleto (nm) - skeleton
establo (nm) - stable, barn
estacin (nf) - station, season (of the year)
estacin (nf) de servicio - service station
estado (nm) - state
Estados Unidos (nm pl) - United States
estante (nm) - shelf
estantera (nf) para libros - bookcase
estar (v) - be, stay
este (adj, nm) - east
Estoy.... - I am..
Estoy alegre. - I am happy.
Estoy bien. - I am fine.
Estoy enfermo. - I am sick.
Estoy perdido. - I am lost.
Estoy triste. - I am sad.
estrecho (adj) - narrow
estrecho (nm) - strait
estrella (nf) - star
etiqueta (nf) - tag, label
Europa (nf) - Europe

examen (nm) - exam, quiz
F
fbrica (nf) - factory
falda (nf) - skirt
familia (nf) - family
fantasma (nm) - ghost
faro (nm) - lighthouse
febrero (nm) - February
feliz (adj) - happy, lucky
Feliz Ao Nuevo! - Happy New Year!
feliz cumpleaos - happy birthday
fmur (nm) - femur
feo (adj) - ugly
fideos (nm pl) - noodles
fiesta (nf) - party
finca (nf) - farm
flamenco (nm) - flamingo
flautin (nm) - piccolo
flauta (nf) - flute
flecha (nf) - arrow
flor (nf) - flower
foca (nf) - seal
fogata (nf) - campfire
follaje (nm) - foliage
forma (nf) - shape
formn (nm) - chisel
fsil (nm) - fossil
frambuesa (nf) - raspberry
franela (nf) - flannel,
fregadero (nm) - sink
frente (nf) - forehead
fresa (nf) - strawberry
fro (adj) - cold
fruta (nf) - fruit
fuego (nm) -fire
fuego (nm) fatuo - jack-o'-lantern
fuegos (nm pl) artificiales - fireworks
fuerte (adj) - loud
fuselaje (nm) - fuselage
ftbol (nm) - football, soccer
G
gabn (nm) - overcoat
gacela (nf) - gazelle
gafa (nf) - hook
71
gafas (nf pl) glasses, gafas (nf pl) de sol sunglasses

galaxia (nf) - galaxy
galera (nf) - gallery
galera (nf) de arte - art gallery
galleta (nf) - cookie
gallina (nf) - hen
gallo (nm) - rooster
gancho (nm) - hook
ganso (nm) - goose
garra (nf) - claw
gatito (nm) - kitten
gato (nm) - cat
gaviota (nf) - sea gull
gema (nf) - gem
gemelo (nm) - twin,
gemelos (nm pl) - binoculars, Gemelos (nm
pl) - Gemini
geografia (nf) - geography
girasol (nm) - sunflower
globo (nm) - globe, balloon
golf (nm) - golf, bola (nf) de golf - golfball,
palos (nm pl) de golf - golfclubs
golfo (nm) - gulf
golondrina (nf) - swallow
golpar (v) - beat, hit, punch, knock
golpe (nm) - blow, punch, stroke
goma (nf) - rubber
goma (nf) de borrar - eraser
gong (nm) - gong
gordo/gorda (adj) - fat
gorila (nm) - gorilla
gorro (nm) - cap
gotera (nf) - leak
gotero (nm) - eyedropper, dropper
gracia (nf) - grace, favour
gracias (nf pl) - thank you
grande (adj) - big, large
granja (nf) - farm
grifo (nm) - faucet
gris (adj) - gray
gritar (v) - scream, yell
gra (nf) - tow truck
grulla (nf) - crane
guacamayo (nf) - macaw
guante (nm) - glove
guante (nm) de cocina - oven mitt
guisante (nm) - pea
guitarra (nf) - guitar
guitarra (nf) elctrica - electric guitar
gusano (nm) - worm
habla (nf) - speech, language; al habla (on

the phone) - speaking
hablar (v) - speak, talk
Hablas ingls? - Do you speak English?
hacha (nm) - ax
hacinar (v) - stack
hada (nf) - fairy, cuento (nm) de hadas fairy tale
halo (nm) - halo
halterofilia (nf) - weightlifting
hamaca (nf) - hammock
hambriento (adj) - hungry
hamburguesa (nf) - hamburger
harina (nf) - flour
hasta (prep) - till, until
Hasta luego. - See you later.
helecho (nm) - fern
helado (nm) - ice cream
helicptero (nm) - helicopter
hemisferio (nm) - hemisphere
hemisferio (nm) norte - Northern
hemisphere
hemisferio (nm) sur - Southern Hemisphere
hermana (nf) - sister
hermanos (nm) - brother
herradura (nf) - horseshoe
herramienta (nf) - tool
hexgono (nm) - hexagon
hiedra (nf) - ivy
hielo (nm) - ice
hiena (nf) - hyena
hierba (nf) - grass
hija (nf) - daughter
hijo (nm) - son
hilo (nm) - yarn, thread
hipoptamo (nm) - hippopotamus
historia (nf) - story
hogar (nm) - home
hoguera (nf) - bonfire
hoja (nf) - leaf
hola (int) - hello
hombre (nm) - man
hombro (nm) - shoulder
hongo (nm) - mushroom
hora (nf) - hour
hormiga (nf) - ant
horno (nm) - oven, stove
horno (nm) microondas - microwave oven
hoy (adv) - today
hoyo (nm) - hole
huella (nf) -footprint, (de animal, vehiculo)
track,
huella (nf) del pie - footprint
huella (nf) digital - fingerprint
hueso (nm) - bone
72
hueso (nm) de la suerte - wishbone

huevo (nm) - egg
huevo (nm) frito - fried egg
huracn (nm) - hurricane
I
idea (nf) - idea
iglesia (nf) - church
igl (nf) - igloo
igual (adj) - equal
ilusin (nf) - illusion
imn (nm) - magnet
imperdible (nm) - safety pin
impermeable (nm) - raincoat
infeliz (adj) - unhappy
inodoro (nm) - toilet
insecto (nm) - insect
instrumento (nm) - instrument, tool
instrumentos (nm pl) de cuerda - string
instruments
interseccin (nf) - intersection
invernadero (nm) - greenhouse
invierno (nm) - winter
iris (nm) - (anat.) iris, (arco iris) rainbow
isla (nf) - island
istmo (nm) - isthmus
izquierda (nf) - left, a la izquierda - on the
left, to the left
izquierdo (adj) - left
J
jabn (nm) - soap
jaguar (nm) - jaguar
jalea (nf) - jelly
jamn (nm) - ham
Japn (nm) - Japan
jardn (nm) - garden
jarra (nf) - jug, pitcher
jarrn (nm) - vase, urn
jaula (nf) - cage
jirafa (nf) - giraffe
jitomate (nm) - (Mex.) tomato
joven (adj) - young
joya (nf) - jewel
joyas (nf pl) - jewelry
joyero (nm) - jeweller, (estuche) jewellery

box
juanete (nm) - bunion
jubilado (adj) - retired
jubilarse (v) - retire
jubileo (nm) - jubilee
judo (nm) - judo
juego (nm) - game, hacer juegos
malabares - juggle
jueves (nm) - Thursday
juez (nm) - judge
jugador (nm) - player, gambler
jugar (v) - to play, gamble, bet
juglar (nm) - minstrel
jugo (nm) - juice
jugo (nm) de naranja - orange juice
jugoso (adj) - juicy, (fig.) substantial
juguete (nm) - toy
juguetear (v) - to play
juicio (nm) - judgement, opinion
julio (nm) - July
jungla (nf) - jungle
junio (nm) - June
junta (nf) - meeting, board, comittee, (pol.)
junta
juntar (v) - join, collect
junto (adj) - joined, junto a - next to
Jpiter (nm) - Jupiter
justicia (nf) - justice
K
kapoc (nm) - kapok
karate (nm) - karate
kazoo (nm) - kazoo
kilo (nm) - kilo
kilogramo (nm) - kilogram
kilometraje (nm) - distance in kms, mileage
kilmetro (nm) - kilometre
kilovatio (nm) - kilowatt
kiosco (nm) - kiosk
koala (nm) - koala
L
laberinto (nm) - maze
labio (nm) - lip
73
lagartija (nf) -(small) lizard

lagarto (nm) - lizard
lago (nm) -lake
laguna (nf) - pond, small lake
lmpara (nf) - lamp
lana (nf) - yarn
langosta (nf) - lobster
lpiz (nm) - pencil
lata (nf) - can
lava (nf) -lava
lavabo (nm) - sink, washbasin
lavado (nm) - washing, lavado de cerebro brainwashing
lavar (v) - to wash
lazo (nm) -bow, lasso
leche (nf) - milk
lechuza (nf) - owl
limn (nm) - lemon
lechuga (nf) - lettuce
leer (v) - read
lea (nf) - firewood
lengua (nf) - tongue
leo (nm) - log
lenta/lento (adj) - slow
lente (nf) - lens, lentes de contacto - contact
lenses
lentes (nf pl) - glasses
len (nm) - lion
letra (nf) - letter
leyenda (nf) - legend
leyendas (nf pl) folclricas - folk tales
lezna (nf) - awl
liblula (nf) - dragonfly
libro (nm) - book
libro (nm) de visitas - guest book
lima (nf) - lime, file
limonada (nf) - lemonade
limpio (adj) - clean
linda, lindo (adj) - cute
linterna (nf) - flashlight
lirio (nm) - iris (flower)
lirio (nm) de los valles - lily of the valley
liso (adj) - smooth, flat
lista (nf) - list
llanta (nf) - tire
lobo (nm) - wolf
locomotora (nm) - engine
lombriz (nf) - worm
lombriz (nf) de tierra - earthworm
loro (nm) - parrot
luces (nf pl) - intelligence
luminoso (adj) - bright
luna (nf) - moon
lunes (nm) - Monday
lupa (nf) - magnifying glass
luz (nf) - light, (electricidad) electricity
LL
llama (nf) - flame, (animal) llama
llave (nf) - key, spanner, switch
llave (nf) de boca - wrench
llenar (v) - fill (up)
lleno/llena (adj) - full
llevadero (adj) - tolerable
llevar (v) - carry, bring, lead
llorar (v) - cry
lloroso (adj) - tearful
llover (v) rain
llovizna (nf) - drizzle
lluvia (nf) - rain, (fig) shower
lluvioso (adj) - rainy
M
macarrn (nm) - macaroon
macarrnes (nm pl) - macaroni
madera (nf) - wood, (natureza) nature
madero (nm) - log, timber
madre (nf) - mother
maestro (nm), maestra (nf) - teacher
magia (nf) - magic
maz (nm) - maize, corn
maleta (nf) - (suit)case, (auto) boot, trunk
(Amer.)
maletera (nf) - boot, trunk (Amer.)
maletn (nm) - briefcase
mam (nf) -mummy, mom
mamar (v) - suck
mamfero (nm) - mammal
mampara (nf) - screen
mamut (nm) - mammoth
manada (nf) - herd, pack
manecilla (nf) - needle, (de reloj) hand
manecilla (nf) de la hora - hour hand
manejable (adj) - manageable
manejar (v) - handle, manage
manguera (nf) - hose(pipe)
manillar (nm) - handlebar(s)
mano (nf) - hand
mantequilla (nf) - butter
manual (adj, nm) - manual
manualidades (nf pl) - crafts
manzana (nf) - apple
74
maana (nf) - morning

mapa (nm) - map
mapache (nm) - raccoon
mar (nf, nm) sea
maraca (nf) - maraca
margarita (nf) - daisy
marido (nm) - husband
marina (nf) - coast, seascape
mariposa (nf) - butterfly
mariposa (nf) nocturna - moth
mariquita (nf) - ladybug
mrmol (nm) - marble
marmota (nf) - hamster
marrn (adj) - brown
marsupial (nm) - marsupial
Marte (nm) - Mars
martes (nm) - Tuesday
martillo (nm) - hammer
marzo (nm) - March
ms (adv, adj) - more
masa (nf) - dough
matemticas (nf pl) - mathematics, maths
mayo (nm) - May
medalla (nf) - medal
medianoche (nf) - midnight
medioda (nm) - noon
medusa (nf) -jellyfish
Me gusta. - I like it.
Me gustaria... - I would like...
mejilla (nf) - cheek
Me llamo... - My name is...
meln (nm) - melon
melocotn (nm) - peach
menear (v) - wiggle
menos (adv, adj) - less
Me puede ayudar? - Can you help me?
Me ayuda por favor? - Can you help me?
mercado (nm) - market
Mercurio (nm) - Mercury
mermelada (nf) - jam
mes (nm) - month
mesa (nf) - table
meteoro (nm) - meteor
microscopio (nm) - microscope
miedo (nm) - fear, tener miedo - to be afraid
miel (nf) - honey
mircoles (nm) - Wednesday
mil (adj, nm) - thousand
milln (adj, nm) - million
mil millones (adj, nm) - billion
mineral (nm) - mineral
minivn (nf) - minivan
minuto (nm) - minute
minutero (nm) - minute hand
mirlo (nm) - blackbird
mitad (nf) - half
mitn (nm) - mitten

mochila (nf) - backpack
molino (nm) de viento - windmill
momia (nf) - mummy
moneda (nf) - coin
moneda de 25 centavos - quarter
monedero (nm) - purse
mono (nm) - ape, monkey
monstruo (nm) - monster
montaa (nf) - mountain
morado (adj) - purple
morsa (nf) - walrus
mosca (nf) - fly
mosquito (nm) - mosquito
motocicleta (nf) - motorcycle
motor (nm) - motor
muchacha (nf) - girl
muchacho (nm) - boy
Mucho gusto. - Nice to meet you.
mucho (adv, adj) - much, many, a lot
mueble (adj) - movable
mueble (nm) - piece of furniture, muebles
(nm pl) - furniture
mugre (nm) - dirt
mujer (nf) - woman
multiplicacin (nf) - multiplication
multiplicar (v) - multiply
mundo (nm) - world
mueca (nf) - doll
murcilago (nm) - bat
museo (nm) - museum
msica (nf) - music
msico (nm) - musician
N
naipes (nm pl) - cards
naranja (nf) -orange
narciso (nm) -daffodil
nariz (nf) - nose
Necesito un mdico. - I need a doctor.
negro (adj) - black
nen (nm) - neon
Neptuno (nm) - Neptune
nevera (nf) - refrigerator
nido (nm) - nest
nieve (nf) - snow
nia (nf) - girl, (female) child
nio (nm) - boy, (male) child
nio pequeo (nm) - toddler
nios (n pl) - children, kids
nivel (nm) - level
75
no (int) - no
noche (nf) - night
noche (nf) pasada - last night
No comprendo. - I don't understand.
No entiendo. - I don't understand
No hablo espaol. - I don't speak Spanish.
No lo s. - I don't know.
nombre (nm) - name
No me gusta. - I don't like it.
nomeolvides (n pl) - forget-me-nots
nopal (nm) - cactus
nordeste (n, adv) - northeast
noroeste (n, adv) - northwest
norte (n, adv) - north
nostros (pron) - we
nota (nf) - note
noventa (n, adj) - ninety
noviembre (nm) - November
nube (nf) - cloud
nudo (nm) - knot
nueve (n, adj) - nine
nuez (nf) - nut
nmero (nm) - number
nutria (nf) - otter
ame (nm) - yam

and (nm) - nandu
O
oboe (nm) - oboe
ocano (nm) - ocean
Ocano Antrtico (nm) - Southern Ocean
Ocano Artico (nm) - Arctic Ocean
Ocano Atlntico (nm) - Atlantic Ocean
Ocano Indico (nm) - Indian Ocean
Ocano Pacifico (nm) - Pacific Ocean
ochenta (n, adj) - eighty
ocho (n, adj) - eight
octgono (nm) - octagon
octubre (nm) - October
ocupacin (nf) - job, occupation
oeste (n, adv) - west
or (v) - hear
ojo (nm) - eye
okay (int) - ok
ola (nf) - wave
oler (v) - smell

olla (nf) - pot
Olmpico (n pl) - Olympics
once (n adj) - eleven
oreja (nf) - ear
orejeras (nf pl) - earmuffs
oso (nm) - bear
orangutn (nm) - orangutan
orbe (nm) - orb
rbita (nf) - orbit
orqudea (nf) - orchid
oruga (nf) - caterpillar
oso de peluche (nm) - teddy bear
otoo (nm) - autumn
valo (nm) - oval
oveja (nf) - sheep
P
padre (nm) - father
pjaro (nm) - bird
pjaro carpintero (nm) - woodpecker
pala (nf) - shovel
palabras (nf) - word
palacio (nm) - palace
palanca (n) - lever
paleta (nf) - palette
paleta (nf) - lollipop
palma (nf) - palm tree
paloma (nf) - dove
paloma (nf) - pigeon
pan (nm) - bread
panadero (nm), panadera (nf) - baker
pan de jengibre (nm) - gingerbread
panal de miel (nm) - honeycomb
pandero (nm) - tambourine
panecillo (nm) - bun, roll
panquecito (nm) - muffin, cupcake
pantalones (nm pl) - pants
pantalones de trabajo (nm pl) - overalls
pantalones vaqueros (nm pl) - jeans
pap (nm) - dad
papa (nf) - potato
papagayo (nm) - parrot
papel (nm) - paper
papel de lija (nm) - sandpaper
papelera (nf) - wastebasket
paquete (nm) - package
paraguas (nm) - umbrella
paralelo (adj) - parallel
parar (v) - stop
76
parecido/parecida (adj) - alike

pared (nf) - wall
parientes (n) - kin
prpado (nm) - eyelid
parque zoolgico (nm) - zoo
pasta dentfrica (nf) - toothpaste
pastel (nm) - cake, pie
patin de cuchilla, patin de hielo (nm) - ice
skate
patinos de ruedas (nm pl) - roller skates
patio (nm) - yard
patito (nm) - duckling
pato (nm) - duck
pavo real (nm) - peacock
payaso (nm) - clown
pecera (nf) - fish bowl
peine (nm) - comb
peligro (nm) - danger
pelo (nm) - hair
pelota (nf) - ball
pelota de bisbol (nf) - baseball
peluca (nf) - wig
pennsula (nf) - peninsula
pensar (v) - think
pentgono (nm) - pentagon
pepino (nm) - cucumber
pequeita/pequeito (adj) - little
percuson (nf) - percussion instruments
pescado (nm) - fish
pescar (v) - to fish
pequea/pequeo (adj) - small
pera (nf) - pear
percha (nf) - hanger
peridico (nm) - newspaper
perrera (nf) - doghouse
perro (nm) - dog
perro caliente (nm) - hot dog
persona (nf) - person
pestaa (nf) - eyelash
petirrojo (nm) - robin
pez (nm) - fish
piano (nm) - piano
pichn (nm) - pigeon
pico (nm) - beak
piedra (nf) - rock, stone
piedrecita (nf) - pebble
pierna (nf) - leg
pies (nm pl) - feet
pijamas (nm pl) - pajamas
pila de heno (nf) - haystack
pimienta (nm) - pepper
pincel (nm) - paintbrush
pingino (nm) - penguin
pintar (v) - to paint
pirmide (nf) - pyramid
pirata (nf) - pirate
pitcher (nm) - pitcher

pizza (nf) - pizza
placa (nf) - license plate
plancha (nf) - iron
planeta (nm) - planet
planetario (nm) - planetarium
planta (nf) - plant
pltano (nm) - plantain, banana
platillos (nm pl) - cymbals
plato (nm) - plate, dish
playa (nf) - beach
pluma (nf) - pen, feather
Plutn (nm) - Pluto
Podria repetir, por favor? - Please repeat
that.
polica (nf) - police officer
polgono (nm) - polygons
polilla (nf) - moth
pollito (nm) - chick
pollo (nm) - chicken
Polo Norte (nm) - North Pole
Polo Sur (nm) - South Pole
por favor - please
por qu - why
postre (nm) - dessert
prado (nm) - meadow
presidente (nm) - president
primavera (nf) - spring
primero/primera (adj) - first
princesa (nf) - princess
prncipe (nm) - prince
probar (v) - taste
prueba (nf) - test
pueblo (nm) - town
puente (nm) - bridge
puerta (nf) - gate, door
pulgar (nm) - thumb
pulpo (nm) - octopus
pulsera (nf) - bracelet .
punto (nm) - point
punto (nm) - dot
pupila (nf) - pupil
Q
quasar (nm) - quasar
qu - what
Qu color es este? - What colour is it?
Qu hora es? - What time is it?
quelpo (nm) - kelp
queso (nm) - cheese
quetzal (nm) - quetzal
quin - who
77
quilla (nf) - keel

quince (n, adj) - fifteen
quintillizo (nm) - quintuplet
quiz - maybe
R
radio (nf) - radio
radar (nm) - radar
radiografa (nf) - x-ray
rallador (nm) - grater
ramo (nm) - bouquet
rana (nf) - frog
rpido (adj) - fast
raqueta (nf) - racket
rascacielos (nm) - skyscraper
rascamoo (nm), zinia (nf) - zinnia
rastrillar (v) - to rake
rastrillo (nm) - rake
rata (nf) - rat
rata del trigo (nf) - hamster
ratn (nm) - mouse, computer mouse
ratn almizclero (nm) - muskrat
raya (nf) - stingray
receta de cocina (nf) - recipe
recibir (v) - receive
recipiente (nm) - container
recipiente de basura (nf) - garbage can
rectngulo (nm) - rectangle
red (nf) - net
refrigerador (nm) - refrigerator
regadera (nf) - watering can
regaliz (nm) - licorice
regalo (nm) - gift, present
regla (nf) - ruler
rehilandera (nf) - pinwheel
reina (nf) - queen
rer (v) - laugh
relmpago (nm) - lightning
reloj (nm) - clock, watch
reloj de cuclillo (nm) - cuckoo clock
remo (nm) - oar, paddle
renacuajo (nm) - tadpole
reno (nm) - reindeer
repollo (nm) - cabbage
restar (v) - subtract
resta (nf) - subtraction
revs - upside down
revista (nf) - magazine
rey (nm) - king
ro (nm) - river
rinoceronte (nm) - rhinoceros
robot (nm) - robot

roca (nf) - rock
rodilla (nf) - knee
rodillo de cocina (nm) - rolling pin
rojo (adj) - red
rollo de papel (nm) - scroll
rombo (nm) - diamond
rompecabezas (nm) - puzzle, jigsaw puzzle
romper (v) - break
rondana (nf) - washer
ropa (nf) - clothes
ropa sucia (nf) - laundry
ropa interior (nf) - underwear
rosa, rosado (adj) - pink
rosa (nf) - rose
rosquilla (nf) - doughnut
rub (nm) - ruby
rueda (nf) - wheel
S
sbado (nm) - Saturday
saco (nm), bolsa (nf) - sack
saco de dormir (nm) - sleeping bag
sal (nf) - salt
sala (nf) - living room
salchichn (nm) - salami
salida (nf) - exit
saltamontes (nm) - grasshopper
saltar (v) - jump
sandalia (nf) - sandal
saludable (adj) - healthy
sanda (nf) - watermelon
sapo (nm) - toad
sartn (nf) - pan, frying pan
satlite (nm) - satellite
Saturno (nm) - Saturn
saxofn (nm) - saxophone
segundo (adj) - second
segundo (nm) - second
segundero (nm) - second hand
seis (n, adj) - six
sello postal (nm), estampilla (nf), timbre
postal (nm) - stamp
selva (nf) - jungle
semforo (nm) - traffic light
semicirculo (nm) - semicircle
seal de alto (nf) - stop sign
seora (nf) - lady, Mrs
sentarse (v) - sit
septiembre (nm) - September
78
serpiente (nf) - snake

serrucho (nm) - saw
servilleta (nf) - napkin
sesenta (n, adj) - sixty
setenta (n, adj) - seventy
si - yes
siesta (nf) - nap, siesta
siete (n, adj) - seven
signo de admiracin (nm) - exclamation
point
signo de interrogacin (nm) - questions
mark
silbato (nm) - whistle
silla (nf) - chair
silla de ruedas (nf) - wheelchair
silln (nm) - armchair
sirena (nf) - mermaid
sobre (prep) - over
sobre (nm) - envelope
sof (nm) - sofa, couch
soga (nf) - rope
sol (nm) - sun
soldado (nm) - soldier
sombrero (nm) - hat
sombrilla (nf) - umbrella
sonrisa (nf) - smile
sopa (nf) - soup
Soy de... - I am from...
spray (nm) - spray can
sucette (nf) - lollipop
sucio (adj) - dirty
sudeste (adv, n) - southeast
sudoeste (adv, n) - southwest
suelo (nm) - soil
sumar (v) - add
sur (adv, n) - south
T
tablilla (nf) - license plate
taladro (nm) - drill
tallo (nm) - stem
taln (nm) - heel
talonario de cheques (nm) - checkbook
tambor (nm) - drum
tapa (nf) - lid
tarde (adv) - late
tarjeta (nf) - card
tarjeta de crdito (nf) - credit card
tarjeta del Da de San Valentn (nf) valentine card
tarro (nm) - jar

taxi (nm) - taxi, cab
taza (nf) - cup
taza grande (nf) - mug
taza medidora (nf) - measuring cup
tazn (nm) - bowl
t (nm) - tea
tebeo (nm) - comics
techo (nm) - roof
teclado (nm) - keyboard
t helado (nm) - iced tea
tejer (v) - knit
tele (nf) - television, TV
telfono (nm) - telephone
teleraa, tela de araa (nf) - cobweb, web
telescopio (nm) - telescope
televisin (nf) - television
temeroso (adj) - scared
tmpano de hielo (nm) - iceberg
temprano (adj, adv) - early
tenedor (nm) - fork
tengo - I have
Tengo hambre. - I am hungry.
tenis (nm) - tennis
termmetro (nm) - thermometer
tetera (nf) - kettle, teapot
tetrabrik (nm) - carton
ta (nf) - aunt
tiburn (nm) - shark
tiempo (nm) - time
tienda de campaa (nf) - tent
tiempo (nm) - weather
tierra (nf) - land, earth
tigre (nm) - tiger
tijeras (nf pl) - scissors
timbre (nm) - stamp
timbal (nm) - kettledrum
tina (nf) - vat
tinta (nf) - ink
tira cmica (nf) - cartoon
tirar (v) - pull
tirar (v) - throw
ttere (nm) - puppet
toalla (nf) - towel
tobillo (nm) - ankle
tobogn (nm) - slide
tocador (nm) - dresser
tocar (v) - touch
todo - all
tomar (v) - drink
tomate (nm) - tomato
tormenta (nf) - storm
tornado (nm) - tornado
tornillo (nm) - screw
toro (nm) - bull
79
toronja (nf) - grapefruit

torta de cumpleaos (nf) - birthday cake
tortilla de huevos (nf) - omelet
tortuga (nf) - turtle
tostador (nf) - toaster
trabalenguas (nm) - tongue twister
toucan (nm) - toucan
trabajar (v) - to work
tractor (nm) - tractor
traje (nm) - costume
traje de bao (nm) - bathing suit, swimsuit
traje espacial (nm) - spacesuit
transbordador espacial (nm) - space shuttle
trapeador (nm) - mop
trapezoide (nm) - trapezoid
trece (n, adj) - thirteen
treinta (n, adj) - thirty
tren (nm) - train
tren de aterrizaje (nm) - landing gear
tres (n, adj) - three
tringulo (nm) - triangle
trincas (nf pl) - triplets
triste (adj) - sad
tritn (nm) - newt
trmbon de varas (nm) - trombone
trompa (nf) - trunk
trompeta (nf) - trumpet, horn
tronco (nm) - trunk
tronco de rbol (nm) - log
trotar (v) - jog
tuba (nf) - tuba
tubo (nm) - tube
tuerca (nf) - nut
tulipn (nm) - tulip
U
ltimo/ltima (adj) - last
ua (nf) - fingernail
ua (nf) - nail
unicornio (nm) - unicorn
uniforme (nm) - uniform
uno (n, adj) - one
Urano (nm) - Uranus
utensilios (n pl) - utensils
uva (nf) - grape
vaca (nf) - cow

vaco/vaca (adj) - empty
valle (nm) - valley
vaso (nm) - glass
vecindad (nf) - neighborhood
vehculo (nm) - vehicle
veinte (n, adj) - twenty
vela (nf) - candle
vela (nf) - sail
venado (nm) - deer
ventana (nf) - window
ventilador (nm) - fan
Venus (nm) - Venus
ver (v) - see
verano (nm) - summer
verde (adj) - green
verdura (nf) - vegetables
vrtebra (nf) - vertebra
vestido (nm) - dress
video (nm) - videotape
viento-madera (nm) - woodwind
viento-metal (nm) - brass instruments
viernes (nm) - Friday
viola (nf) - viola
violeta (adj) - violet
violn (nm) - violin
violoncelo (nm) - cello
vocal (nf) - vowel
volar (v) - fly
volcn (nm) - volcano
vrtice (nm) - vortex
W
wedge (nm) - wedge
wok (nm) - wok
X
xilfono (nm) - xylophone
Y
80
y (conj) - and
yac (nm) - yak
yarda (nf) - yardstick
yate (nm) - yacht
yogur (nm) - yogurt
yema de huevo (nf) - yolk
yo (pron) - I
yo-y (nm) - yo-yo
yunta (nf) - yoke
Z
zanahoria (nf) - carrot
zancudo (nm) - mosquito
zapatilla (nf) - slipper
zapato (nm) - shoe
zarpa (nf) - claw
zarzamora (nf) - blackberry
zepeln (nm) - zeppelin
zigzag (nm) - zigzag
zona (nf) - zone
zoolgico (nm) - zoo
zologo (nm) - zoologist
zorro (nm) - fox
English - Spanish
Dictionary
A
above (adv, prep) - arriba de
acorn (n) - la bellota
actor (n) - el actor
actress (n) - la actriz
add (v) - sumar, aadir
addition (n) - la adicin
address (n) - las seas (pl), la direccin
adults (n) - los adultos (pl)
advertisement, ad (n) - el anuncio
aeroplane (n) - el avin
afraid (adj) ~to be afraid - tener miedo

Africa (n) - frica
afternoon (n) - la tarde
against (prep) - contra
age (n) - la edad
agency (n) - la agencia
aileron (n) - el alern
airport (n) - el aeropuerto
airmail (n) - por avin
aisle (n) - el pasillo
alarm clock (n) - el despertador
alike (adj) - parecido, parecida
all (adj, pron) - todo
alley (n) - el callejn, la calleja
alligator (n) - el caimn
alone (adj) - solo, sola
alphabet (n) - el alfabeto
amber (n) - el mbar
ambulance (n) - la ambulancia
among (prep) - entre
anatomy (n) - la anatoma
anchor (n) - el ancla
and (conj) - y
angel (n) - el ngel
angle (n) - el ngulo
angry (n) - enojado
animal (n) - el animal
animals (n) - los animales (pl)
ankle (n) - el tobillo
ant (n) - la hormiga
Antarctica (n) - Antrtico
antelope (n) - el antlope
antler (n) - el asta
ape (n) - el mono
apple (n) - la manzana
apricot (n) - el albaricoque
April (n) - abril
apron (n) - el delantal
aquarium (n) - el acuario
arch (n) - el arco
archer (n) - el arquero
archipelago (n) - el archipilago
architect (n) - el arquitecto, la arquitecta
Arctic Ocean (n) - el Ocano Artico
area code (n) - el prefijo
arithmetic (n) - la aritmtica
arm (n) - el brazo
armchair (n) - el silln
around (prep) - alrededor de
arrow (n) - la flecha
art (n) - el arte
art gallery (n) - la galeria de arte
artichoke (n) - la alcachofa
artist (n) - el/la artista
Asia (n) - Asia (f)
ask (v) - preguntar
81
ask the way - preguntar el camino

asleep (adj) - dormido
asteroid (n) - el asteroide
astronaut (n) - el/la astronauta
astronomy (n) - la astronoma
Atlantic Ocean (n) - Ocano Atlntico (m)
athlete (n) - el/la atleta
atom (n) - el tomo
August (n) - agosto (m)
aunt (n) - la ta
aurora (n) - la aurora
Australia (n) - Australia (f)
Austria (n) - Austria (f)
automobile (n) - el automvil
autumn (n) - el otoo
avenue (n) - la avenida
avocado (n) - el aguacate
awl (n) - la lezna
ax (n) - el hacha
B
baby (n) - el beb
backgammon (n) - el backgammon
backpack (n) - la mochila
bag (n) - la bolsa
baker (n) - el panadero (m), la panadera (f)
ball (n) - la pelota
ballerina (n) - la bailarina
balloon (n) - el globo
banana (n) - el pltano
banjo (n) - el banjo
barn (n) - el establo
barrel (n) - el barril
baseball (n) - la pelota de bisbol
baseball bat (n) - el bate
basket (n) - la cesta, la canasta
bassoon (n) - el contrafagote
bat (n) - el murcilago
bathing suit (n) - el traje de bao
bathroom (n) - el cuarto de bao
bathtub (n) - la baera
bay (n) - la baha
beach (n) - la playa
beak (n) - el pico
bear (n) - el oso
beautiful (adj) - bella (f), bello (m)
beaver (n) - el castor
bed (n) - la cama
bee (n) - la abeja
beetle (n) - el escarabajo
behind (prep) - detrs de
bell (n) - la campana
bench (n) - el banco
between (prep) - entre

bicycle (n) - la bicicleta
big (adj) - grande
bill (n) - el billete
billion (n) - mil millones
bird (n) - el pjaro
birthday (n) - el cumpleaos
birthday cake (n) - la torta de cumpleaos
black (adj) - negro
blackberry (n) - la zarzamora
blackbird (n) - el mirlo
blimp (n) - el dirigible
block (n) - el cubo
blouse (n) - la blusa
blue (adj) - azul
bluebird (n) - azulejo
boat (n) - el bote
body (n) - el cuerpo
bone (n) - el hueso
bonfire (n) - la hoguera
book (n) - el libro
bookcase (n) - la estantera para libros
boom (v) - retumbar, (fig) prosperar
boot (n) - la bota
borrow (v) - pedir prestado
bother (v) - molestar, (worry) preocupar
bottle (n) - la botella
bottom (n) el fondo, (of hill) el pie, (buttocks)
el trasero
bouquet (n) - el ramo
bow (n) - (knot) el lazo
bow (n) - (weapon, mus.) el arco
bowels (n) - los intestinos (pl), (fig) las
entraas
bowl (n) - el tazn
box (n) - la caja
boy (n) - el chico, el muchacho, (young) el
nio
bra (n) - el sostn, el sujetador
bracelet (n) - la pulsera
brake (v) - frenar
brake (n) - el freno
brain (n) - el cerebro
brand (n) la marca
brass instruments (n) - el viento-metal
breach (n) - la violacin
bread (n) - el pan
breadcrumbs (n) - las migajas (pl)
break (v) - romper, quebrantar
breakdown (n) - (tech) la falla, (med) el
colapso
breakfast (n) - el desayuno
bride (n) la novia
bridegroom (n) - el novio
bridge (n) - el puente
brief (adj) - breve
82
briefcase (n) - la cartera, el maletn

brigade (n) - la brigada
bright (adj) - luminoso
brilliance (n) - la brillantez, el brillo
brilliant (adj) - brilliante
broccoli (n) - el brcul, el brculi
brochure (n) - el folleto
broom (n) - la escoba
broth (n) - el caldo
brother (n) - el hermano
brow (n) - la frente
brown (adj) - marrn
brush (v) - cepillar
brush (n) - el cepillo, (large) la escoba
bubble (n) - la burbuja
bubble (v) - burbujear
bubbly (adj) - burbujeante
bucket (n) - el cubo, la cubeta
buckle (n) - la hebilla
bud (n) - el brote, el capullo
budget (n) - el presupuesto
buffalo (n) - el bfalo
buffoon (n) - el payaso, el bufn
bug (n) - el bicho, (germ) el microbio
bugle (n) - la corneta
build (v) - construir
building (n) - el edificio
bulb (n) - el bulbo, (elec) la bombilla
Bulgaria (n) - Bulgaria (nf)
bull (n) - el toro
bulldog (n) - el bulldog
bulldozer (n) - la oruga, el aplanadora
bullet (n) - la bala
bun (n) - el bollo, el panecillo
bunch (n) - el manojo, (of people) el grupo
bunk (n) - la litera
bunny (n) - el conejito
burglar (n) - el ladrn
burn (v) - quemar, arder
bury (v) - enterrar
bus (n) - el autobs
busy (adj) - ocupado, (street) concurrido
but (conj) - pero
butter (n) - la mantequilla
buttercup (n) - el rannculo
butterfly (n) - la mariposa
buttock (n) - la nalga
button (n) - el botn
C
cab (n) - el taxi
cabbage (n) - el repollo
cactus (n) - el cacto, el nopal
cage (n) - la jaula

cake (n) - el bizcocho, el pastel
calendar (n) - el calendario
camel (n) - el camello
camera (n) - la cmara fotogrfica
camp (n) - el campamento
campfire (n) - la fogata
camper (n) - el/la campista, (veh.) la
caravana
can (n) - la lata
canary (n) - canario
candle (n) - la vela
candy (n) - los caramelos, los dulces (pl)
cane (n) - el bastn
canoe (n) - la canoa
can opener (n) - el abrelatas
Can you help me? - Me puede ayudar?,
Me ayuda por favor?
cap (n) - el gorro
car (n) - el carro
card (n) - la tarjeta
cards (n) - la baraja, los naipes (pl)
carnation (n) - el clavel
carpet (n) - la alfombra
carrot (n) - la zanahoria
cart (n) - la carreta
carton (n) - el tetrabrik
cartoon (n) - la tira cmica
cast (n) - la escayola
castle (n) - el castillo
cat (n) - el gato
caterpillar (n) - la oruga
cauliflower (n) - la coliflor
cave (n) - la cueva
celery (n) - el apio
cell (n) - clula
cello (n) - el violoncelo
cent (n) - un centavo
chair (n) - la silla
change purse (n) - el monedero
check (n) - el cheque
checkbook (n) - el talonario de cheques
checkers (n) - las damas (pl)
cheek (n) - la mejilla
cheese (n) - el queso
cherry (n) - la cereza
chick (n) - el pollito
chicken (n) - el pollo
child (n) - la nia (f), el nio (m)
children (n) - los nios (pl)
chimney (n) - la chimenea
chimpanzee (n) - el chimpanc
chin (n) - la barbilla
chipmunk (n) - la ardilla listada
chisel (n) - el formn
chocolate (n) - el chocolate
83
church (n) - la iglesia

cicada (n) - la cigarra
circle (n) - el crculo
circus (n) - el circo
clap (n) - aplaudir
clarinet (n) - el clarinete
claw (n) - la zarpa, la garra
clay (n) - la arcilla
clean (adj) - limpio
clock (n) - el reloj
closed (adj) - cerrado
clothes (n) - la ropa
cloud (n) - la nube
clown (n) - el payaso
coat (n) - el abrigo
cobweb (n) - la telaraa
cocoon (n) - el capullo
coffee (n) - el caf
coffin (n) - el atad
coin (n) - la moneda
cold (adj) - fro
colour (n) - el color
comb (n) - el peine
comet (n) - el cometa
comics (n) - el tebeo
compass (n) - la brjula
computer (n) - la computadora
cone (n) - el cono
constellation (n) - la constelacin
container (n) - el recipiente
cookie (n) - la galleta
coral (n) - el coral
corn (n) - el maz
costume (n) - el traje
cotton candy (n) - el algodn de azcar
couch (n) - el sof
cow (n) - la vaca
coyote (n) - el coyote
crab (n) - el cangrejo
crafts (n) - las manualidades (pl)
crane (n) - la gra, (bird) la grulla
crayon (n) - el creyn
cream (n) - la crema
credit card (n) - la tarjeta de crdito
crescent (n) - el creciente
crocodile (n) - el cocodrilo
crop (n) - la cosecha
crosswalk (n) - el cruce para peatones, el
cruce peatonal
crow (n) - el cuervo
crown (n) - la corona
cry (v) - llorar
crystal (n) - el cristal
cube - el cubo
cuckoo (n) - el cuco, el cuclillo
cuckoo clock (n) - el reloj de cuclillo
cucumber (n) - el pepino

cup (n) - la taza, (prize) la copa
cupboard (n) - el armario, la alacena
cupcake (n) -los panquecitos (pl)
curtains (n) - las cortinas (pl)
cute (adj) - linda (f), lindo (m)
cyclone (n) - el cicln
cylinder (n) - el cilindro
cymbals (n) - los platillos (pl)
D
dad (n) - el pap
daffodil (n) - el narciso
daisy (n) - la margarita
dance (v) - bailar
dancer (n) - la bailarina (f), el bailarn (m)
danger (n) - peligro
dartboard (n) - la diana
darts (n pl) - los dardos
daughter (n) - la hija
day (n) - el da
December (n) - diciembre
deer (n) - el venado
desert (n) - el desierto
desk (n) - el escritorio
dessert (n) - el postre
diamond (n) - el diamante
diamond (n) - rombo
dice (n pl) - los dados
diet (n) - dieta
dinner (n) - comida
dinosaur (n) - el dinosaurio
dirt (n)mugre
dirty (adj) - sucio
dish (n) - el plato
divide (v) - dividir
division (n) - la divisin
doctor (n) - el doctor
dog (n) - el perro
doghouse (n) - la perrera
doll (n) - la mueca
dollar (n) - el dlar
dollhouse (n) - la casita de muecas
dolphin (n) - el delfn
dominoes (n) - el domin
donkey (n) - el burro
door (n) - la puerta
dot (n) - el punto
double (adj) - doble
double bass (n) - el contrabajo
84
dough (n) - la masa

doughnut (n) - la rosquilla
dove (n) - la paloma
down (adv) - abajo
Do you understand English? - Entiende el
ingls?
dozen (n) - la docena
dragon (n) - el dragn
dragonfly (n) - la liblula
drapes (n) - las cortinas
draw (v) - dibujar
drawing (n) - el dibujo
dress (n) - el vestido
dresser (n) - el tocador
drill (n) - el taladro
drink (v) - beber, tomar
dropper (n) - el gotero
drum (n) - el tambor
duck (n) - el pato
duckling (n) - el patito
dump truck (n) - el camin de volteo
empty (adj) - vaco/vaca

energy (n) - la energa
engine (n) - el motor
engine (n) - el locomotora
English horn (n) - el corno ingls
entrance (n) - la entrada
envelope (n) - el sobre
equal (adj) - igual
equator (n) - el equador
eraser (n) - la goma de borrar
Europe (n) - Europa
evening (n) - el anochecer
every (adj) - cada
exam (n) - el examen
exclamation point (n) - signo de admiracin
exercise (v) - hacer ejercicio
exit (n) - la salida
eye (n) - el ojo
eyebrow (n) - la ceja
eyedropper (n) - el gotero
eyeglasses (n pl) - los lentes
eyelash (n) - la pestaa
eyelid (n) - el prpado
E
F
each (adj) - cada
eagle (n) - el guila
ear (n) - la oreja
early (adj) - temprano
earmuffs (n pl) - las orejeras
earring (n) - el arete
earth (n) - la Tierra
earth (n) - tierra
earthworm (n) - lombriz de tierra
easel (n) - el caballete
east (n, adv) - este
eat (v) - comer
eel (n) - la anguila
egg (n) - el huevo
eggplant (n) - la berenjena
eight (n, adj) - ocho
eighteen (n, adj) - dieciocho
eighty (n, adj) - ochenta
elbow (n) - el codo
electric guitar (n) - la guitarra elctrica
electricity (n) - la electricidad
elephant (n) - el elefante
elevator (n) - el ascensor
eleven (n, adj) - once
elk (n) - alce
ellipse (n) - la elipse
emerald (n) - la esmeralda
face (n) - la cara

factory (n) - la fbrica
fall (autumn) (n) - el otoo
family (n) - la familia
fan (n) - el ventilador
farm (n) - la granja/la finca
fast (adj) - rpido
fat (adj) - gordo/gorda
father (n) - el padre
faucet (n) - el grifo
feather (n) - la pluma
February (n) - febrero
feet (n) - los pies (pl)
femur (n) - el fmur
fence (n) - la cerca
fern (n) - el helecho
fiddle (n) - violn
fifteen (n, adj) - quince
fifty (n, adj) - cincuenta
file (n) - la lima
fin (n) - la aleta
finger (n) - el dedo
fingernail (n) - la ua
fire (n) - el fuego
fire engine (n) - el coche de bomberos, la
85
bomba de incendios
fire fighter (n) - el bombero (m), la bombera
(f)
fire hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de
incendio
fireplace (n) - la chimenea
firewood (n) - la lea
fireworks (n) - los fuegos artificiales (pl)
first (adj) - primero/primera
fish (n) - el pez, el pescado
fish bowl (n) - la pecera
fish (v) - pescar
fishing rod (n) - caa de pescar
five (n, adj) - cinco
flag (n) - la bandera
flame (n) - la llama
flamingo (n) - el flamenco
flashlight (n) - la linterna
flip-flop (n) - la chancla
flour (n) - la harina
flower (n) - la flor
flowers (n) - flores (pl)
flute (n) - la flauta
fly (v) - volar
fly (n) - la mosca
foliage (n) - el follaje
folk tales (n) - leyendas folclricas (pl)
food (n) - la comida
football (n) - el ftbol
footprint (n) - la huella del pie
footstool (n) - el escabel
forehead (n) - la frente
forest (n) - el bosque
forget-me-nots (n) - nomeolvides (pl)
fork (n) - el tenedor
forty (n, adj) - cuarenta
fossil (n) - fsil
four (n, adj) - cuatro
fourteen (n, adj) - catorce
fox (n) - el zorro
freezer (n) - el congelador
French horn (n) - el corno de caza
Friday (n) - viernes
fried egg (n) - el huevo frito
friend (n) - el amigo
frightened (adj) - asustado
frog (n) - la rana
fruit (n) - la fruta
frying pan (n) - la sartn
full (adj) - lleno/llena
funnel (n) - el embudo
furniture (n) - los muebles (pl)
fuselage (n) - el fuselaje
G
galaxy (n) - la galaxia
game (n) - el juego
garbage can (n) - la recipiente de basura/el
basurero
garbage truck (n) - el camin de basura
garden (n) - el jardn
gate (n) - la puerta
gazelle (n) - la gacela
gem (n) - la gema
geography (n) - geografia
ghost (n) - el fantasma
gift (n) - el regalo
gingerbread (n) - el pan de jengibre
giraffe (n) - la jirafa
girl (n) - la chica, la muchacha, la nia
give (v) - dar
glass (n) - el vaso
glasses (n pl) - los lentes
globe (n) - el globo
glove (n) - el guante
goat (n) - la cabra
golf (n) - el golf
golf ball (n) - la bola de golf
golf clubs (n) - los palos de golf
gong (n) - el gong
good afternoon - buenas tardes
good-bye - adis
good evening - buenas noches
good morning - buenos dias
good night - buenas noches
goose (n) - el ganso
gorilla (n) - el gorila
grandfather (n) - el abuelo
grandmother (n) - la abuela
grapefruit (n) - la toronja
grapes (n pl) - las uvas
grass (n) - la hierba/el csped
grasshopper (n) - el saltamontes
grater (n) - el rallador
gray (adj) - gris
green (adj) - verde
greenhouse (n) - el invernadero
guest book (n) - libro de visitas
guitar (n) - la guitarra
gulf (n) - el golfo
86
hair (n) - el pelo

hairbrush (n) - el cepillo del pelo,el cepillo de
cabeza
half (n) - la mitad
Halloween - el da de Halloween
ham (n) - el jamn
hamburger (n) - la hamburguesa
hammer (n) - el martillo
hammock (n) - la hamaca
hamster (n) - la marmota, la rata del trigo
hands (n) - las manos
hanger (n) - la percha
happy (adj) - contenta/contento
happy birthday - feliz cumpleaos
Happy New Year! - Feliz Ao Nuevo!
harp (n) - el arpa
hat (n) - el sombrero
haystack (n) - pila de heno
head (n) - la cabeza
healthy (adj) - saludable
hear (v) - or
heart (n) - el corazn
hedgehog (n) - el erizo
heel (n) - el taln
helicopter (n) - el helicptero
Hello - hola!
helmet (n) - el casco
Help me please. - Aydeme por favor.
hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio
hen (n) - la gallina
hexagon (n) - el hexgono
hill (n) - la colina
hippopotamus (n) - el hipoptamo
hips (n) - las caderas
hive (n) - la colmena
hoe (n) - la azada, el azadn
hog (n) - el cerdo
hole (n) - el hoyo
holly (n) - el acebo
home (n) - el hogar
honey (n) - la miel
honeycomb (n) - el panal de miel
hoof (n) - el casco
hook (n) - el gancho
horn (n) - el cuerno
horn (n) - la trompeta
hornet (n) - avispn
horse (n) - el caballo
horseshoe (n) - la herradura
hose (n) - la manguera
hot (adj) - caliente
hot dog (n) - el perro caliente
hour (n) - la hora
hour hand (n) - la manecilla de la hora
house (n) - la casa
How? - Cmo?
How are you? - Cmo ests?

How do you say...? - Cmo se dice...?
How much does it cost? - Cunto es?
hull (n) - el casco
hummingbird (n) - el colibr
hundred (n, adj) - cien
hungry (adj) - hambriento
hurricane (n) - el huracn
husband (n) - el marido
hut (n) - la choza
hydrant (n) - la boca de aqua, la boca de
incendio
hyena (n) - la hiena
I
I (pron) - yo
I am... - Estoy...
I am called... - (My name is...) Me llamo...
I am from... - Soy de...
I am fine. - Estoy bien.
I am happy. - Estoy alegre.
I am hungry. - Tengo hambre.
I am lost. - Estoy perdido.
I am sad. - Estoy triste.
I am sick. (n) - Estoy enfermo.
ice (n) - el hielo
iceberg (n) - tmpano de hielo
ice cream (n) - el helado
ice cream cone (n) - el barquillo de helado
iced tea (n) - el t helado
ice skate (n) - el patin de cuchilla, el patin de
hielo
icicle (n) - el carmbano
idea (n) - la idea
I don't know. - No lo s.
I don't like it. - No me gusta.
I don't speak Spanish. - No hablo espaol.
I don't understand. - No entiendo. No
comprendo.
igloo (n) - el igl
I have - tengo
I like it. - Me gusta.
illusion (n) - la ilusin
in (prep) - en
Indian Ocean (n) - el Ocano Indico
I need a doctor. - Necesito un mdico.
in front of (prep) - delante de
ink (n) - la tinta
insect (n) - el insecto
87
inside (adv, prep) - dentro

intersection (n) - la interseccin
iris (n) - el iris
iris (n) - el lirio
iron (n) - la plancha
island (n) - la isla
isthmus (n) - el istmo
ivy (n) - la hiedra
I would like... - Me gustaria...
J
jacket (n) - la chaqueta
jack-in-the-box (n) - el payaso sorpresa
jack-o'-lantern (n) - calabaza iluminada,
fuego fatuo
jaguar (n) - el jaguar
jam (n) - la mermelada
January (n) - enero
Japan (n) - Japn
jar (n) - el tarro
jay (n) - el arrendajo
jeans (n) - los pantalones vaqueros
jelly (n) - la jalea
jellyfish (n) - la medusa
jet (n) - el avin de reaccin
jewel (n) - la joya
jewelry (n) - las joyas
jigsaw puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas
job (n) - la ocupacin
jog (v) - trotar
jokes (n pl) - bromas
jug (n) - la jarra
juggle (v) - hacer juegos malabares
juice (n) - el jugo
July (n) - julio
jump (v) - saltar
jump rope (n) - la cuerda para brincar
June (n) - junio
jungle (n) - la selva/la jungla
Jupiter (n) - Jpiter
K
kaleidoscope (n) - calidoscopio
kangaroo (n) - el canguro
kapok (n) - el kapoc, el rbol de kapoc
karate (n) - el karate

kazoo (n) - el kazoo
keel (n) - la quilla
kelp (n) - el quelpo, el alga marina
kettle (n) - la tetera
kettledrum (n) - el timbal
key (n) - la llave
keyboard (n) - el teclado
kids (n) - los nios
kilogram (n) - el kilogramo
kin (n) - parientes
king (n) - el rey
kitchen (n) - la cocina
kite (n) - la cometa
kitten (n) - el gatito
knee (n) - la rodilla
kneel (v) - arrodillarse
knife (n) -el cuchillo
knit (v) - tejer
knot (n) - el nudo
koala (n) - el koala
L
label (n) - la etiqueta
labour (n) - el trabajo
lace (n) - el encaje
lad (n) - el muchacho
ladder (n) -la escalera
ladle (n) - la cucharn
lady (n) - la seora, (young ~) la seorita
ladybug (n) - la mariquita
lagoon (n) - la laguna
lake (n) - el lago
lamb (n) - el cordero
lame (adj) - cojo
lamp (n) - la lmpara
lance (n) - la lanza
land (n) - la tierra
landing gear (n) - el tren de aterrizaje
lap (n) - el regazo
large (adj) - grande
lash (v) - azotar
lasso (n) - el lazo
last (adj) - ltimo, ltima
last night - la noche pasada
latch (n) - el picaporte
late (adj, adv) - tarde
latine (n) - la letrina
laugh (v) - rer
launch (v) - lanzar
laundry (n) - la ropa sucia
88
laundry basket (n) - la canasta para ropa

lava (n) - la lava
lavish (v) - prodigar
law (n) - la ley
lawn (n) - el csped
lawn mower (n) - la cortadora de csped
lay (v) - poner
leaf (n) - la hoja
league (n) - la liga
leak (n) - la gotera
leap (v) - saltar
learn (v) - aprender
leather (n) - la piel, el cuero
leave (v) - dejar, (depart from) marcharse de
left (adj) - izquierda
left-overs (n) - los restos (pl)
leg (n) - la pierna
legend (n) - la leyenda
lemon (n) - el limn
lemonade (n) - la limonada
leopard (n) - el leopardo
less (adv, prep) - menos
lesson (n) - la clase
let (v) - dejar, (lease) alquilar
letter (n) - la carta, (of the alphabet) la letra
letterbox (n) - el buzn
letters (n) - las letras (pl)
lettuce (n) - la lechuga
level (n) - el nivel
lever (n) - la palanca
liar (n) - el mentiroso
library (n) - la biblioteca
licence (n) - la licencia, (driving ~) el carn
de conducir
license plate (n) - la placa, la tablilla
lick (v) - lamer
licorice (n) - el regaliz
lid (n) - la tapa
lie (v) - echarse
lie (v) - (telling lies) mentir
lie (n) - la mentira
life (n) - la vida
light (n) - la luz
lightbulb (n) - la bombilla
lighten (v) - (give light to) iluminar, aclarar
lighter (n) - el mechero
lighthouse (n) - el faro
lighting (n) - el alumbrado
lightning (n) - el relmpago
like (v) - gustarle
lily (n) - la azucena
limb (n) - el miembro
lime (n) - la lima
line (n) - la lnea
lion (n) - el len
lip (n) - el labio
list (n) - la lista

little (aj) - pequeita, pequeito
live (v) - vivir
living room (n) - la sala
lizard (n) - la lagartija
llama (n) - la llama
load (n) - la carga
load (v) - cargar
lobster (n) - la langosta
local (adj) - local
lock (n) - la cerradura
lock (v) - cerrar con llave
loft (n) - el desvn
log (n) - el leo, tronco de rbol
logo (n) - el logotipo
lollipop (n) - la paleta
long (adj) - largo
loo (n) - (fam) les servicios (pl)
look (v) - mirar, (seem) parecer, (search)
buscar
loud (adj) - fuerte
lounge (n) - el saln
love (n) - el amor
lunatic (n) - el loco
lunch (n) - el almuerzo
lynx (n) - el lince
M
macaroni (n) - macarrones
macaw (n) - el guacamayo
mad (adj) - enojado
magazine (n) - la revista
magic (n) - el magia
magnet (n) - el imn
magnifying glass (n) - lupa
mail (n) - el correo
mailbox (n) - el buzn
mammal (n) - el mamfero
mammoth (n) - el mamut
man (n) - el hombre
many - muchos
map (n) - el mapa
maple (n) - el arce
maracas (n) - las maracas
marble (n) - mrmol
market (n) - el mercado
March (n) - marzo
marsupial (n) - el marsupial
Mars (n) - Marte
mask (n) - el antifaz
89
mathematics (n) - matemtica

May (n) - mayo
maybe - quiz
maze (n) - el laberinto
me (pron) - yo
meadow (n) - el prado
meal (n) - la comida
measuring cup (n) - la taza medidora
meat (n) - la carne
medal (n) - la medalla
melon (n) - el meln
Mercury (n) - Mercurio
mermaid (n) - la sirena
meteor (n) - el meteoro
microscope (n) - el microscopio
microwave oven (n) - el horno microondas
midnight (n) - medianoche
milk (n) - la leche
million (n, adj) - milln
mineral (n) - el mineral
minivan (n) - la minivn
minute (n) - el minuto
minute hand (n) - el minutero
mirror (n) - el espejo
mitten (n) - el mitn
mom (n) - mam
Monday (n) - lunes
money (n) - el dinero
monkey (n) - el mono
monster (n) - el monstruo
month (n) - el mes
moon (n) - la luna
moose (n) - el alce
mop (n) - el trapeador
more - ms
morning (n) - la maana
mortar board (n) - el birrete
mosquito (n) - el mosquito, el zancudo
moth (n) - la polilla, la mariposa nocturna
mother (n) - la madre
motorcycle (n) - la motocicleta
mountain (n) - la montaa
mouse (n) - el ratn
mouse (n) - el ratn
mouth (n) - la boca
muffin (n) - el panquecito
mug (n) - la taza grande
multiplication (n) - la multiplicacin
multiply (v) - multiplicar
mummy (n) - la momia
museum (n) - el museo
mushroom (n) - el hongo, el champin
el champin (n) - mushroom
muskrat (n) - el ratn almizclero
music (n) - la msica
musician (n) - el msico
mutt (n) - el bobo

My name is... - Me llamo...
N
nail (finger, toe)(n) - la ua
nail (n) - el clavo
naked (adj) - desnudo
name (n) - el nombre
nandu (n) - el and
nanny (n) - la niera
nap (n) - el sueecito, (after lunch) la siesta
nap (v) - echarse un sueo
napkin (n) - la servilleta
narcotic (n, adj) - narctico
narrow (adj) - estrecho, angosto
nasal (adj) - nasal
nation (n) - la nacin
national (adj) - nacional
native (adj) - nativo
neck (n) - el cuello
necklace (n) - el collar
necktie (n) - la corbata
need (v) - necesitar, exigir
needle (n) - la aguja
neighbour (n) - el vecino
neighbourhood (n) - la vecindad
neither (adv, pron) - ni, ninguno
neon (n) - nen
nephew (n) - el sobrino
Neptune (n) - Neptuno
nerve (n) - el nervio
nervous (adj) - nervioso
nest (n) - el nido
net (n) - la red
neutral (adj) - neutral, neutro
never (adv) - nunca, jams
never again - nunca ms
new (adj) - nuevo
news (n) - las noticias (pl), (on TV) el
telediario
newspaper (n) - el peridico
newt (n) - el tritn
New Year (n) - el ao nuevo
New Zealand (n) - Nueva Zelanda
nice (adj) - agradable, amable, bonito
Nice to meet you. - Encantado de
conocerle.Mucho gusto.
nickel (n) - cinco centavos
night (n) - la noche
nightgown (n) - el camisa de dormir, el
90
camisn
nine (n) - nueve
nineteen (n) - diecinueve
ninety (n) - noventa
no (adv) - no
noodles (n) - los fideos
noon (n) - mediodia
north (n) - norte
North America (n) - el Amrica del Norte
northeast (n) - nordeste
northern hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio
norte
North Pole (n) - el Polo Norte
northwest (n) - noroeste
nose (n) - la nariz
note (n) - la nota
notebook (n) - el cuaderno
notes (n) - notas (pl)
November (n) - noviembre
numbers (n) - los nmeros (pl)
nurse (n) - el enfermero (m), la enfermera (f)
nut (n) - la nuez
nut (technical) (n) - la tuerca
O
oar (n) - el remo
oboe (n) - el oboe
ocean (n) - el ocano
occupation (n) - la ocupacin
octagon (n) - el octgono
October (n) - octubre
octopus (n) - el pulpo
oil (n) - el aceite
ok (int) - okay
olive (n) - la aceituna
Olympics (n) - Olmpico
omelet (n) - la tortilla de huevos
on top of (prep) - encima de
one (n, adj) - uno
one half (n) - la mitad
onion (n) - la cebolla
open (adj) - abierto
opposites (n) - los contrarios (pl)
orange (adj) - anaranjado
orange (n) - la naranja
orange juice (n) - el jugo de naranja
orangutan (n) - el orangutn
orb (n) - el orbe
orbit (n) - la rbita
orchid (n) - la orqudea
ostrich (n) - el avestruz

otter (n) - la nutria
outdoors (adv) - al aire libre
oval (n) - el valo
oven (n) - el horno
oven mitt (n) - el guante de cocina
over (prep, adv) - sobre
overalls (n) - los pantalones de trabajo (pl)
overcoat (n) - el abrigo, el gabn
owl (n) - el bho, la lechuza
P
Pacific Ocean (n) - el Ocano Pacifico
pacifier (n) - el chupete
package (n) - el paquete
paddle (n) - el remo
padlock (n) - el candado
pail (n) - el balde, la cubeta
paint (v) - pintar
paintbrush (n) - la brocha, el pincel
pajamas (n) - los pijamas
palace (n) - el palacio
palette (n) - la paleta
palm tree (n) - la palma
pan (n) - la sartn
pants (n) - los pantalones
paper (n) - el papel
parallel (n) - paralelo
parrot (n) - el loro, el papagayo
party (n) - la fiesta
peach (n) - el durazno, el melocotn
peacock (n) - el pavo real
pear (n) - la pera
peas (n) - los guisantes
pebble (n) - la piedrecita
pen (n) - la pluma/el bolgrafo
pencil (n) - el lpiz
penguin (n) - el pingino
peninsula (n) - la pennsula
penny (n) - un centavo
pen pal (n) - amigo por correspondencia
pentagon (n) - el pentgono
people (n) - la personas
pepper (n) - le pimienta
percussion instruments (n) - la percuson
pet (n) - el animal domstico
piano (n) - el piano
piccolo (n) - el flautin
picture (n) - el cuadro
pie (n) - el pastel
pig (n) - el cerdo
91
piggy bank (n) - la alcancia

pigeon (n) - la paloma, pichn
pillow (n) - la almohada
pin (n) - el alfiler
pink (adj) - rosa, rosado
pinwheel (n) - la rehilandera
pirate (n) - el pirata
pitcher (n) - la jarra, pichel
pitcher (n) - el pitcher
pizza (n) - la pizza
plane (n) - el avin
planet (n) - el planeta
planetarium (n) - el planetario
plant (n) - la planta
plantain (n) - el pltano
plate (n) - el plato
play (v) - jugar
please - por favor
Pleased to meet you. - Encantado de
conocerle.
Please help me. - Aydeme, por favor.
Please repeat that. - Podria repetir, por
favor?
pliers (n) - los alicates
plum (n) - ciruela
Pluto (n) - Plutn
pocket (n) - el bolsillo .
point (n) - el punto
police officer (n) - la polica
polygons (n) - polgonos
pond (n) - la laguna, la charca
pot (n) - la olla
potato (n) - la papa
present (n) - el regalo
president (n) - el presidente
prince (n) - el prncipe
princess (n) - la princesa
pull (v) - tirar
pumpkin (n) - la calabaza
pupa (n) - la crislida
pupil (n) - la pupila
puppet (n) - el ttere
puppy (n) - el cachorro
purple (adj) - morado
purse (n) - el bolso
push (v) - empujar
puzzle (n) - el rompecabezas
pyramid (n) - la pirmide
quadruplet (n) - el cuatrillizo

quail (n) - la codorniz
quarter (n) - la moneda de 25 centavos
quartz (n) - el cuarzo
quasar (n) - el quasar
queen (n) - la reina
question mark (n) - el signo de interrogacin
quetzal (n) - el quetzal
quicksand (n) - la arena movediza
quiet (adj) - callado/callada
quilt (n) - el edredn
quintuplet (n) - el quintillizo
quiz (n) - el examen
R
rabbit (n) - el conejo
raccoon (n) - el mapache
racket (n) - la raqueta
radar (n) - el radar
radio (n) - la radio
rain (n) - la lluvia
rainbow (n) - el arco iris
raincoat (n) - el impermeable
rain forest (n) - el bosque tropical
rake (n) - el rastrillo
rake (v) - rastrillar
raspberry (n) - la frambuesa
rat (n) - la rata
read (v) - leer
receive (v) - recibir
recipe (n) - receta de cocina
rectangle (n) - el rectngulo
red (adj) - rojo
refrigerator (n) - el refrigerador/la nevera
reindeer (n) - el reno
remote control (n) - el control remoto
rhinoceros (n) - el rinoceronte
ribbon (n) - la cinta
riddle (n) - enigma
right - derecha
ring (n) - el anillo
river (n) - el ro
roach (n) - la cucaracha
road (n) - el camino
roadrunner (n) - el correcamino
robin (n) - el petirrojo
robot (n) - el robot
rock (n) - la piedra/la roca
rocket (n) - aeronave cohete
92
roll (n) - el panecillo/bollo

roller skates (n) - los patinos de ruedas
rolling pin (n) - el rodillo de amasar
roof (n) - el techo
room (n) - el cuarto
rooster (n) - el gallo
rope (n) - la soga/la cuerda
rose (n) - la rosa
ruby (n) - rub
rug (n) - la alfombra
ruler (n) - la regla
run (v) - correr
S
sack (n) - el saco / la bolsa
sad (adj) - triste
safari (n) - el safari
safety pin (n) - el imperdible
sail (n) - la vela
sailboat (n) - el barco de vela
saint (n) - el santo
salad (n) - la ensalada
salami (n) - el salchichn
sale (n) - la venta
saliva (n) - la saliva
salt (n) - la sal
same (adj) - igual, mismo
sand (n) - la arena
sandals (n) - las sandalias
sandcastle (n) - el castillo de arena
sandpaper (n) - el papel de lija
sandwich (n) - el bocadillo
satellite (n) - el satlite
Saturday (n) - sbado
Saturn (n) - Saturno
sauce (n) - la salsa
sauna (n) - la sauna
sausage (n) - el chorizo
save (v) - salvar, ahorrar, evitar
saw (n) - el serrucho, sierra
saxophone (n) - el saxfono
say (v) - decir
scale (n) - la balanza
scar (n) - la cicatriz
scarce (adj) - escaso
scare (v) - asustar
scared (adj) - asustado, temeroso
scarf (n) - la bufanda
school (n) - la escuela
science (n) - la ciencia
scissors (n) - las tijeras (pl)

scorpion (n) - el alacrn
scream (v) - gritar
screw (n) - el tornillo
screwdriver (n) - el destornillador
scroll (n) - rollo de papel
sea (n) - el mar
sea gull (n) - la gaviota
seahorse (n) - caballito de mar
seal (n) - la foca
seashore (n) - la orilla del mar
seasons (n) - las estaciones (pl)
second (adj) - segundo
second (n) - el segundo
second hand (n) - el segundero
see (v) - ver
seesaw (n) - el balancn
See you later. - Hasta luego.
semicircle (n) - semicirculo
September (n) - septiembre
seven - siete
seventeen - diecisiete
seventy - setenta
sew (v) - coser
shampoo (n) - el champ
shapes (n) - las formas (pl)
shark (n) - el tiburn
sheep (n) - la oveja, el carnero
shelf (n) - el estante
shell (n) - la concha
ship (n) - el barco
shirt (n) - la camisa
shoe (n) - el zapato
short (n) - baja / bajo
shoulder (n) - el hombro
shovel (n) - la pala
shrimp (n) - el camaron
sick (adj) - enferma / enfermo
sidewalk (n) - la acera
sing (v) - cantar
sink (bathroom) (n) - el lavabo
sink (kitchen) (n) - el fregadero
sister (n) - la hermana
sit (n) - sentarse
six (n, adj) - seis
sixteen (n, adj) - diecisis
sixty (n, adj) - sesenta
skeleton (n) - el esqueleto
skirt (n) - la falda
skull (n) - el crneo
sky (n) - el cielo
skyscraper (n) - el rascacielos
sleep (v) - dormir
sleeping bag (n) - el saco de dormir
slide (n) - el tobogn
slide (v) - deslizar
93
slipper (n) - la zapatilla

slow (adj) - lenta / lento
small (adj) - pequea / pequeo
smell (v) - oler
smell (n) - el olor
smile (n) - la sonrisa
snail (n) - el caracol
snake (n) - la culebra / la serpiente
snow (n) - la nieve
snowflake (n) - el copo de nieve
snowman (n)- el mueco de nieve
soap (n) - el jabn
soccer ball (n)- el ftbol
sock (n) - el calcetin
sofa (n) - el sof
soil (n) - el suelo
soldier (n) - el soldado
son (n) - el hijo
soul (n) - la alma
sound (n) - el sonido, el ruido
sound (v) - sonar
soup (n) - la sopa
sour (adj) - agrio
source (n) - la fuente
south (n) - el sur
south (adv) - hacia el sur
South America - el Amrica del Sur
southeast (n) - el sudeste
Southern Hemisphere (n) - el hemisferio
sur
Southern Ocean (n) - el Ocano Antrtico
South Pole (n) - el Polo Sur
southwest (n) - el sudeste
soya bean (n) - la soja
spa (n) - el balneario
space (n) - el espacio
space shuttle (n) - el transbordador
espacial
spacesuit (n) - el traje espacial
spade (n) - la pala
spaghetti (n) - espaguetis (pl)
Spain (n) - Espaa
Spanish (n, adj) - espaol
spanner (n) - la llave
spatula (n) - la esptula
speak (v) - hablar
spear (n) - la lanza
special (adj) - especial
speed (n) - la velocidad
spell (magic) (n) - el hechizo
spell (v) - escribir
sphere (n) - la esfera
spine (n) - la espina dorsal
spider (n) - la araa
spiral (n) - el espiral
sponge (n) - la esponja
spool (n) - el carrete

spoon (n) - la cucharita
sports (n) - los deportes (pl)
spray can (n) - el spray
spring (n) - la primavera
square (n) - el cuadrado
squid (n) - el calamar
squirrel (n) - la ardilla
stable (n) - el establo
stamp (n) - el timbre postal, el sello postal,
la estampilla
stapler (n) - la engrapadora
star (n) - la estrella
steak (n) - el bistec
stem (n) - el tallo
stingray (n) - raya
stone (n) - la piedra
stool (n) - el escabel
stop (v) - parar
stop sign (n) - la seal de alto
store (n) - la tienda, el almacn
storm (n) - la tormenta
story (n) - la historia
stove (n) - el horno
strait (n) - el estrecho
strawberry (n) - la fresa
street (n) - la calle
string (n) - el cordel
string instruments (n) - instrumentos de
cuerda (pl)
subtract (v) - restar
subtraction (n) - la resta
suitcase (n) - la maleta
summer (n) - el verano
sun (n) - el sol
Sunday (n) - domingo
sunflower (n) - el girasol
sunglasses (n) - las gafas de sol (pl)
sunrise (n) - el amanecer
sunset (n) - el atardecer
swan (n) - el cisne
swimsuit (n) - el traje de bao
sword (n) - la espada
T
table (n) - la mesa
tadpole (n) - el renacuajo
tag (n) - la etiqueta
tail (n) - la cola
tale (n) - cuento
talk (v) - hablar
94
tall (adj) - alta, alto

tambourine (n) - el pandero
tanker (n) - camin cisterna
tape (n) - la cinta
tape measure (n) - la cinta mtrica
tar (n) - la brea
target (n) - el blanco
taste (v) - probar
taxi (n) - el taxi
tea (n) - el t
teach (v) - ensear
teacher (n) - el maestro, la maestra
team (n) - el equipo
teapot (n) - tetera
teddy bear (n) - oso de peluche
tee (n) - el tee
telephone (n) - el telfono
telescope (n) - el telescopio
television (n) - la tele, la televisin
ten (n, adj) - diez
tennis (n) - el tenis
tennis racket (n) - la raqueta
tent (n) - la tienda de campaa
tern (n) - golondrina
test (n) - la prueba
thank (v) - agradecer, dar las gracias
thank you - gracias
thermometer (n) - el termmetro
thin (adj) - delgado
think (v) - pensar
thirteen (n, adj) - trece
thirty (n, adj) - treinta
thousand (n, adj) - mil
thread (n) - el hilo
three (n, adj) - tres
throw (v) - tirar, aventar, echar
thumb (n) - el pulgar
thumbtack (n) - la chinche
Thursday (n) - jueves
tickle (v) - hacer cosquillas
tie (n) - la corbata
tiger (n) - el tigre
time (n) - el tiempo
tire (n) - la llanta
toad (n) - el sapo
toadstool (n) - agrico
toaster (n) - la tostador
today (adv) - hoy
toddler (n) - el nio pequeo
toes (n) - los dedos de los pies
toilet (n) - el inodoro
tomato (n) - el tomate, el jitomate
tongue (n) - la lengua
tongue twister (n) - trabalenguas
toolbox (n) - la caja de las herramientas
tools (n) - las herramientas
tooth (n) - el diente

toothbrush (n) - el cepillo de dientes
toothpaste (n) - la pasta dentfrica, la crema
dental
tornado (n) - el tornado
toucan (n) - el toucan
touch (v) - tocar
towel (n) - la toalla
town (n) - el pueblo
tow truck (n) - la gra
toys (n) - los juguetes
tractor (n) - el tractor
traffic light (n) - el semforo
train (n) - el tren
trapezoid (n) - trapezoide
trash can (n) - el cubo de basura, el
basurero
tree (n) - el rbol
triangle (n) - el tringulo
trillion (n) - billn
triplets (n) - las trillizos
trombone (n) - el trmbon de varas
truck (n) - el camin
trumpet (n) - la trompeta
trunk (n) - la trompa
trunk (n) - el bal
trunk (n) - la maletera
trunk (n) - el tronco
tuba (n) - la tuba
tube (n) - el tubo
Tuesday (n) - martes
tulip (n) - el tulipn
turtle (n) - la tortuga
TV (n) - la tele, la televisin
twelve (n, adj) - doce
twenty (n, adj) - veinte
twins (n) - los gemelos
two (n, adj) - dos
U
ugly (adj) - feo
umbrella (n) - la sombrilla/el paraguas
uncle (n) - el to
under (prep) - debajo de
undershirt (n) - la franela
understand (v) - comprender
underwear (n) - la ropa interior
unhappy (adj) - infeliz
unicorn (n) - el unicornio
uniform (n) - el uniforme
95
United States (n) - Estados Unidos

up (adv) - arriba
upside down - a revs
Uranus (n) - Urano
urn (n) - el jarrn
us (pron) - nos
utensils (n) - los utensilios
V
vacuum cleaner (n) - la aspiradora
valentine card (n) - tarjeta del Da de San
Valentn
valley (n) - el valle
van (n) - la minivn
vase (n) - el jarrn, el florero
vat (n) - la tina
vegetables (n) - la verdura
vehicle (n) - el vehculo
Venus (n) - Venus
vertebra (n) - la vrtebra
vest (n) - el chaleco
videotape (n) - la videocinta
village (n) - el pueblo, la aldea
vine (n) - la via
viola (n) - la viola
violet (adj) - violeta
violin (n) - el violn
volcano (n) - el volcn
vortex (n) - el vrtice
vote (v) - voto
vowel (n) - la vocal
vulture (n) - el buitre
W
wagon (n) - el carretn
waist (n) - la cintura
walk (v) - caminar, andar
wall (n) - la pared
wallet (n) - la cartera
walnut (n) - nuez
walrus (n) - la morsa
washer (n) - la rondana
wasp (n) - la avispa
wastebasket (n) - la papelera
watch (n) - el reloj
water (n) - el agua
water bottle (n) - la cantimplora

waterfall (n) - la cascada
watering can (n) - la regadera
watermelon (n) - la sanda
wave (n) - la ola
wave (v) - saludar a alguien con la mano
we (pron) - nostros
weasel (n) - comadreja
weather (n) - el tiempo
web (n) - telaraa, tela de araa
wedge (n) - la cua
wedge (n) - el wedge
Wednesday (n) - mircoles
weep (v) - llorar
west (n, adv) - oeste
whale (n) - la ballena
what - qu
What color is it? - Qu color es este?
What is your favorite color? - Cul es tu
color favorito?
What hour is it? - Qu hora es?
What time is it? - Cundo es?
wheel (n) - la rueda
wheelbarrow (n) - la carretilla
wheelchair (n) - la silla de ruedas
when - cundo
where - dnde
Where are you from? - De dnde eres?
Where is the bathroom? - Donde esta el
bao? ??
which - cul
whisk (n) - el batidor de mano
whistle (n) - el silbato
white (adj) - blanco
White House (n) - la Casa Blanca
who - quin
why - por qu
wide (adj) - ancho
wife (n) - la esposa
wig (n) - la peluca
wiggle (v) - contonear, menear
windmill (n) - el molino de viento
window (n) - la ventana
wing (n) - el ala
winter (n) - el invierno
wish (n) - el deseo
wishbone (n) - el hueso de la suerte, la
espoleta
witch (n) - bruja
wok (n) - el wok
wolf (n) - el lobo
woman (n) - la mujer
wood (n) - la madera
woodpecker (n) - el pjaro carpintero
woodwinds (n pl) - el viento-madera
96
word (n) - la palabra

world (n) - el mundo
work (v) - trabajar
worm (n) - el gusano
wrench (n) - la llave de boca
write (v) - escribir
X
x-ray (n) - radiografa
xylophone (n) - el xilfono
Y
yacht (n) - el yate
yak (n) - el yac
yam (n) - el ame
yard (n) - el patio
yardstick (n) - la yarda
yarn (n) - la lana/el hilo
year (n) - el ao
yell (v) - gritar
yellow (adj) - amarillo
yes - si
yogurt (n) - el yogur
yoke (n) - la yunta
yolk (n) - la yema de huevo
young (adj) - joven
You're welcome. - De nada.
Z
zebra (n) - la cebra
zeppelin (n) - el zepeln
zero (adj, n) - cero (nm)
zigzag (adj) - el zigzag
zinnia (n) - rascamoo, la zinia
zipper (n) - el cierre
zither (n) - la ctara
zone (n) - la zona
zoo (n) - el parque zoolgico
zoologist (n) - el zologo
zucchini (n) - el calabacin
Food Glossary
Spanish English
A
aceite - oil
aceite de oliva - olive oil
aceituna - olive
adj nutritivo - nourishing
agridulce - sweet and sour
agrio - sour
agrio/cido - bitter
agua de coco - coconut milk
aguacate palta (S.Am) - avocado
ajo - garlic
albahaca - basil
albahaca - sweet basil
albardilla - batter
albndiga - meatball
alcachofa - artichoke
alcaparras - capers
alioli - garlic mayonnaise
almejas - clams
almendras - almonds
almbar - syrup
alubias - pulses
alubias negras - black beans
alubias rojas - kidney beans
anchoa - anchovy
aadir - add
apagar - turn off
apio - celery
aplanar - roll out
aplastar/aplanar - flatten
arndano (rojo y agrio) -cranberry
arenque - herring
arenque ahumado - kipper
arroz -rice
asado/asar -roast
aspic, galantina -aspic
atar -tie
atn -tuna
azafrn - saffron
azucar -sugar
azcar blanca de granulado muy fino -caster
sugar
azcar glace -icing sugar
B
bacon - beicn
bacalao -cod
97
bacalao salado -salt cod

barbacoa / parrillada -barbeque
barra -loaf
batir -whisk
batido (de leche) - milkshakebechamel -bechamel sauce
beicn -bacon
bellota -acorn
berenjena -aubergine
berenjena -eggplant
berro -watercress
besugo -sea bream
bistec -steak
bocadillo-sandwich (with Spanish bread)
boquernes - fresh anchovies in vinegar (a
popular tapa)
boniato , batata , camote (Andes, Mx) sweet potato
borde -edge
borraja -borage
brcoli, brcol-broccoli
brotes de soja -bean sprouts (soyabean)
budn, pudn, pudding; (postre) -pudding
C
calabacn -courgette
calabacn,calabacita, zapallito-zucchini
calabaza -marrow
calabaza (peru) zapallo-pumpkin
calamar -squid
caldo-broth
caldo -stock
calentar -heat
calentar -warm
canela - cinnamon
canelones -canneloni
cangrejo S.Amer (m) jaiba -crab
capa -layer
caraco - snail
caramelo duro hecho con azcar y
mantequilla -butterscotch
carne -flesh
carne -meat
carne de salchicha-sausage meat
carne picada -mince
cscara -rind
cscaras -shells
castao -chestnut
cazo -pan
cazo -saucepan
cazn -dogfish
cebolla -onion
cebolleta -shallot
cebolleta, cebolln, cebolla de verdeo,

chalote, chalota -scallion (young onion)
cepillar -brush
cerdo -pork
cerdo picado -mince pork
championes -mushrooms
chcharo (Mxican)-pea
chive (hierba) -chive (herb)
chocolate -chocolate
chorizo - Spanish chorizo sausage
chorrear un poco -trickle
chorrito -dash
cilantro, culantro-coriander
ciruela -plum
ciruela (seca)-prune
clara de huevo -egg white
clavo (de olor) -clove
cocer al horno -bake
cocinar -cook
cocinar a fuego lento-simmer
coco -coconut
cocoa (en polvo) -cocoa powder
codorniz -quail
cogollo -heart (of cabbage, lettuce)
col -cabbage
colar-strain
coles de Bruselas -brussel sprouts
coliflor -cauliflower
colorante alimenticio -food coloring
combinar -combine
comida-food
comida basura, porqueras -junk food
comilona -a nosh up
comino -cumin
comiso - packed lunch
completamente -thoroughly
condimento -seasoning
conejo -rabbit
congelado -frozen
congrio -conger eel
conservante-preservative
conservar-preserve
consistencia -consistency
coac-brandy
copos de avena -oats
copos de maz tostados-cornflakes
corazones de alcachofas -hearts of artichoke
cordero-lamb
cortado en cuatro -quartered
cortar -trim
cortar en cuadritos -diced
cortar en lonchas finas -thinly slice
cosa para pelar patatas -potato peeler
costillas -ribs
costillas -spare ribs
crema pastelero -confectioner's custard
98
crepe -pancake
crudo -raw
crujiente, crocante-crispy
cuajar -curdle
cuajo -rennet
cubrir -cover
cuchara (grande o de servir) -tablespoon
cuchara de medir-measuring spoon
cucharada -spoon
cucharita, cucharilla -teaspoon
cucharones -ladles
cuenco -bowls
cuscurro -crouton
D
dar la vuelta -turn
de grano grueso -coarse
de horno -ovenproof
dehuesado -boned
dejar en adobo, marinar -marinade, marinate
derretido-melted
derretir -melt
desayuno (n), v. desayunar-breakfast
descansar -rest
despensa -larder
dientes de ajo -cloves of garlic
dividir en dos -halve
doblar -fold
donut, rosquilla-doughnut
dorado -golden
dorar -v. brown
dulce -sweet
dulce de membrillo-quince cheese/jelly
enfriar -chill
engrasado -greased
engrasar -oil
entero -whole
escaldar-scald
escalfado -poached
escurrir -drain
espaguetis -spaghetti
esprrago -asparagus
espesar -thicken
espeso -stiff
espesura, grueso -thickness
espinacas -spinach
espuma -foam
espumadera -slotted spoon
estofado-casserole
estofado -stew
estofado de liebre -jugged hare
exprimir -squeeze
F
fcula -potato starch
filetes -fillets
formas -shapes
frer -fry
fresa -strawberry
frigorfico -fridge
frijol -lima bean
frijoles refritos -refried beans
frotar -rub
fruta-fruit
fuego fuerte -high heat
empanada, empanadilla -pasty

en lata -tinned
en trozos -sliced
en trozos menudos -finely chopped
en vez de -instead of
encender-light
enchilada (Mexican tortilla with a meat or
cheese filling,
served with a tomato and chili sauce)
endibias -endives
endivia, (in coffee) achicoria -chicory
endulzante-sweetener
endulzar, azucarar -sweeten
eneldo - dill
galleta -cookie
galleta salada (generalmente en forma de 8) pretzel
gambas -prawns
gancho de carnicero -meathook
garbanzos -chick peas
gazpacho - Cold tomato soup See recipe
gelatina -gelatine
gelatina -jelly
goloso -Sweet toothed
granos de pimienta-peppercorns
grasa -grease
gratinar -grill
grisn, coln-bread stick
99
grueso, espeso -thick

guarnicin -garnish
guayaba -guava
guisantes -peas
K
kilo - un kilo
H
habas -broad beans
habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol-beans
habas con jamn - see recipe
habichuelas (Mx) ejote -green beans
hacer pur -mash
harina -flour
harina de maz -cornflour
helado -ice cream
hervir -boil
hierba - herb
hierba doncella - myrtle (AmE), periwinkle
(BrE)
hierbabuena - mint
hierbaluisa - lemon verbena
higado -liver
higo - fig
higo chumbo - prickly pear
hinojo -fennel
hoja -leaf
hoja del cuchillo -blade of a knife
hojaldre -puff pastry
hojas -leaves
horno -oven
hueco-dent
hueso/espina -bone
hueva -roe
huevera -eggcup
huevo-egg
huevo duro-hard boiled egg
I
ingredientes -ingredients
J
jabal -wild boar
jamn -ham
jamn York -cooked ham
jarra graduada-measuring jug
jerez -sherry
jugo/zumo -juice
jugoso -juicy
juliana -julienne
L
lado -side
lata -can
lata -tin
laurel -bayleaf
lavar -wash
lean - meat magro, sin grasa
leche - milk
leche cuajada -junket
lechoso - milky (con mucha leche)
lechuga -lettuce
lechn (cochinillo) suckling pig
lentamente -gradually
lentejas -lentils
levadura (en polvo) -baking powder
liebre -hare
lima -lime
limn -lemon
limpiar con agua -rinse
limpiar con un pao -wipe
lista de la compra -shopping list
M
machacar-grind
maduro -ripe
magdalena -cupcake
magro - lean (meat)
mahonesa - mayonnaise
maz tierno, elote (Mx), choclo (AmS), jojoto
(Ven)-sweetcorn
manteca, grasa de cerdo-lard
mantequilla -butter
manzana -apple
mariscos -seafood
mariscos-shellfish
masa -dough
masa horneada a base de leche, huevos y
harina que se sirve
tradicionalmente con el rosbif -Yorkshire
pudding
mayonesa-mayonnaise
mejillones -mussels
melaza -molasses
melocotn, durazno (AmL) -peach
meln (de pulpa verdosa muy dulce) honeydew melon
100
membrillo-quince
menta -mint
merluza -hake
mezclar -mix
miel -honey
migas de pan/pan rallado-breadcrumbs
molido, pulverizado -ground
mollejas, lechecillas -sweetbreads
mollete - muffin
mora - blackberry
morcilla - black pudding
morcn - blood sausage
mortero -mortar
mostaza -mustard
muslo de pollo -drumstick (chicken)
mustard - mostaza
N
naranja -orange
nata -cream
nata agria -sour cream
nata montada -whipped cream
nectarina -nectarine
no engordante-non fattening
nueces (de california) -walnuts
nuez de mantequilla -knob of butter
nuez moscada -nutmeg
O
onza (28,35 gramos) -ounce
organo -oregano
P
palitos de queso -cheese straws
pan-bread
pan zimo, pan sin levadura-unleavened
(bread)
pan de molde -sliced bread
pan duro -stale bread
pan integral -brown bread
panera (para guardar el pan) -breadbin
papel de cocina -kitchen tissue
pasa (de uva)-raisin
pasta -pasta
pastel -cake
patata frita -chip
patatas -potatoes
patatas a lo pobre - fried potatoes with green
peppers see recipe
patatas fritas -crisps

patatas fritas-french fries
pato -duck
pechuga de pollo -chicken breast
pedazo grande -wedge
pelado -peeled
pelado -skinned
pelar -peel
pepinillo -gherkins
pepino-cucumber
pepitas (trocitos) de pollo -chicken nuggets
perdiz -partridge
perejil -parsley
perro or perrito caliente, pancho-hot dog
pescado -fish
picante -spicy
picar -chop
piel/pelar -skin
pimentn -paprika
pimienta -pepper
pimienta cayena -cayenne pepper
pimiento rojo -red pepper
pimiento verde -green pepper
pia -pineapple
piones -pine kernels
pizca -pinch
pizza -pizza
pltano -banana
plato -dish
plato principal, segundo plato -main course
pochar -fry ... until soft
pollo -chicken
poner -arrange
poner trocitos encima -dot with
postre-dessert
productos alimenticios, comestibles foodstuffs
puerros -leeks
punto de ebullicin -boiling point
punto de fusin -melting point
puado -handful
pur -pure
Q
queso con membrillo cheese with quince jelly
queso de Burgos soft white cheese
queso de bola Dutch cheese
queso de oveja sheep's cheese
queso del pais local cheese
queso gallego creamy cheese
queso cheese
quisquillas shrimps
101
R
Ribeiro Galician white wine
Rioja good wine from Logroo
ragout de ternera veal ragout
rape a la americana white fish with brandy
and herbs
rape a la cazuela stewed white fish
rape a la plancha grilled white fish
raviolis ravioli
raya skate
redondo al horno roast fillet of beef
remolacha beetroot
repollo cabbage
repostera de la casa cakes baked on the
premises
requeson cream cheese/cottage cheese
revuelto de ajos tiernos scrambled egg with
spring garlic
revuelto de angulas scrambled egg with
baby eels
revuelto de gambas scrambled egg with
prawns
revuelto de sesos scrambled egg with brains
revuelto de trigueros scrambled egg with
asparagus
revuelto mixto scrambled eggs with mixed
vegetables
riones al jerez kidneys with sherry
riones kidneys
rodaballo turbot
romero rosemary
ron rum
roscas sweet pastries
rbanos radish
S
sabor -taste
sacar con cuchara -spoon
sal -salt
salado-salted
salchicha -sausage
salchicha envuelta en hojaldre -sausage roll
salmn -salmon
salmonete -red mullet
salmpimentar -season with salt and pepper
salpicar -sprinkle
salsa -sauce
salsa de soja -soy sauce
salsa hecha a base de miga de pan y leche bread sauce
salsa para acompaar los diferentes

bocaditos que se
sirven con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc -dip
salsa trtara -tartar sauce
saltear -saut
sandwichera -sandwich toaster
sardinas -sardines
sartn -frying pan
sazonar -season with salt
secar -dry
sellar-seal
semillas -seeds
sidra -cider
sofrer - to saut, fry lightly
sofrito - lightly fried
solomillo-sirloin steak
solomillo -tenderloin steak
suero (de la leche) -buttermilk
sumergir-dip
T
tabla de cortar el pan -breadboard
tallarines -noodles
tallo -stalk
tamale (ground maize and sometimes meat
or a sweet filling
wrapped in a banana or maize leaf)-tamal
tamizar -sieve
tapadera -lid
tarta de queso-cheesecake
taza para medir -measuring cup
ternera picada -minced beef
ternera (de animal muy joven y de carne
plida) -veal
ternera, carne de vaca, res-beef
tibio -tepid
tierno -tender
tiritas -strips
tocino-pork fat
tocino entreverado -streaky bacon
tofu, queso de soja -tofu
tomates -tomatoes
tomillo -thyme
torrija, torreja, tostada que se vende en
paquetes, biscote -french toast
tortilla de patatas - Spanish omelette
tortilla - (mexican) unleaved bread used to
put food in
tostado -toasted
transferir -transfer
triturar -liquidise
trucha -trout
102
untar -smear
untar con mantequilla-butter (v)
bacon - beicn
bake - cocer al horno
baking powder - levadura (en polvo)
banana - pltano
barbeque - barbacoa / parrillada
basil - albahaca
bass (sea bass) lubina; (stone bass) cherna
basting - rociando
batter - albardilla
bayleaf - laurel
beans - habas/habichuelas/alubias/frijol
bean sprouts (soyabean) - brotes de soja
bechamel sauce - bechamel
beef - ternera, carne de vaca, res
beetroot - remolacha (Mx) betabel (Chi)
betarraga
bitter - agrio/cido
black beans - alubias negras
blackberry - mora
blade of a knife - hoja del cuchillo
blanch - escaldar
blancmange - crema de maizena
boil - hervir
boiling point - punto de ebullicin
bone - hueso/espina
boned - dehuesado
borage - borraja
bowl - cuenco
brandy - coac
bread - pan
breadbin - panera (para guardar el pan)
breadboard - tabla de cortar el pan
breadcrumbs - migas de pan/pan rallado
bread sauce - salsa hecha a base de miga de
pan y leche
bread stick - grisn, coln
breakfast - n. desayuno, v. desayunar
breast - (of chicken) pechuga
broad beans - habas
broccoli - brcoli, brcol
broth - caldo
brown - dorar
brown bread - pan integral
brush - v. cepillar n.cepillo
brussel sprouts - coles de Bruselas
butter - mantequilla
butter - untar con mantequilla
buttermilk - suero (de la leche)
butterscotch - caramelo duro hecho con
azcar
y mantequilla
V
vaciar -empty
vapor -steamer
verter -pour
vinagre -vinegar
vodka -vodka
volver -return
W
whisky whisky
Y
yema de huevo -egg yolk
yemas -yolks
Z
zanahoria -carrot
Food Glossary
English Spanish
A
achieved - logrado
acorn - bellota
add - aadir
almonds -almendras
anchovy - anchoa
apple - manzana
arrange - poner
artichoke -alcachofa
asparagus - esprrago
aspic - aspic, galantina
aubergine - berenjena
avocado - aguacate palta (S.Am)
103
C
cabbage - col
cake - pastel
can - lata
canneloni - canelones
capers - alcaparras
carrot - zanahoria
carve (meat) - cortar/ trinchar la carne
casserole - estofado
caster sugar - azcar blanca de granulado
muy fino
catering - (to do the) encargarse del servicio
de comida y bebida
cauliflower - coliflor
cayenne pepper - pimienta cayena
celery - apio
cheese - queso
cheesecake - tarta de queso
cheese straws - palitos de queso
chestnut - castao
chicken - pollo
chicken breast - pechuga de pollo
chicken nuggets - pepitas (trocitos) de pollo
chicory - endivia, (in coffee) achicoria
chick peas - garbanzos
chill - enfriar
chip - patata frita
chive (herb) - chive (hierba)
chocolate - chocolate
chop - (cut up) picar
chop - chuleta, costilla
cider - sidra
cinnamon - canela
clams - almejas
clove - clavo (de olor)
cloves of garlic - dientes de ajo
coat - rebozar
coarse - de grano grueso
cochinillo - suckling pig
cocoa powder - cocoa (en polvo)
coconut - coco
coconut milk - agua de coco
cod - bacalao
combine - combinar
confectioner's custard - crema pastelero
conger eel - congrio
consistency -consistencia
cook - cocinar
cooked ham - jamn York
cookie - galleta
coriander - cilantro, culantro
cornflakes - copos de maz tostados
cottage cheese - requesn
cottage pie - pastel de carne cubierta con

pur de patatas
cornflour - harina de maz
courgette - calabacn
cover - cubrir
crackling - (crisp pork rind) piel crujiente y
tostada del cerdo asado
crab - cangrejo - S.Amer (m) jaiba
cranberry - arndano (rojo y agrio)
crayfish - (mar) langosta (pequea), cigala
(Ro) cangrejo de ro
cream - nata
cream - (single cream) crema lquida, nata
lquida
cream - (double cream) nata para montar
cream - (whipped cream) nata montada
crisps - patatas fritas
crispy - crujiente, crocante
crouton - cuscurro
cucumber - pepino
cupcake - magdalena
curdle - cuajar
cumin - comino
D
dash - chorrito
dent - hueco
dessert - postre
diced - cortar en cuadritos
diet - (special food) rgimen, dieta
diet - to be/go on a diet -estar/ponerse a
rgimen
dietician, dietitian - dietista, experto en
diettica
digestive biscuit - galleta integral
dill - eneldo
dining hall - refectorio
dining room - comedor
dining-room table - mesa de comedor
dinnertime - hora de cenar,comer,almorzar
dip - sumergir
dip - salsa para acompaar los diferentes
bocaditos que se sirven
con el aperitivo, en una fiesta etc
dish - plato
dogfish - cazn
dot with - poner trocitos encima
dough - masa
doughnut - donut, rosquilla
drain - escurrir
dress - (salad) aliar
dressed crab - cangrejo preparado
dressing - (noun) alio
drumstick (chicken) - muslo de pollo
104
dry - secar
duck - pato
E
edge - borde
egg - huevo
eggcup - huevera
eggnog - ponche de huevo, flip, rompn,
rompope
eggplant - berenjena
egg timer - reloj de arena (de tres minutos)
egg white - clara de huevo
egg yolk - yema de huevo
empty - vaciar
enchilada - enchilada
endives - endibias
F
fennel - hinojo
fillets - filetes
filling - relleno
finely - en trozos menudos
fish - pescado
flatten - aplastar/aplanar
flesh - carne
flour - harina
foam - espuma
food - comida
food coloring - colorante alimenticio
foodstuffs - productos alimenticios,
comestibles
fold - doblar
fold sth INTO sth - incorporar algo A algo
fork - (noun) tenedor
freeze - congelar
freezer - congelador
french fries - patatas fritas
french toast - torrija, torreja, biscote
fridge - frigorfico
frozen - congelado
fruit - fruta
fry - frer
fry ... until soft - pochar
frying pan - sartn
G
garlic - ajo
garnish - guarnicin
gelatine - gelatina
get rid of - quitar
gherkins - pepinillo
ginger - jengibre
glaze - n. glaseado v. glasear
golden - dorado
goose - ganso
gooseberry - grosella espinosa, uva espina
goosefish (angler fish) - rape
goulash - estofado al estilo hngaro
gourmet - gourmet, gastrnomo
gradually - lentamente
Granary bread / flour - con granos de trigo
malteado
granulated sugar - azcar granulada,
grape - uva
grapefruit - pomelo
grated - rallado
gravy - salsa (hecha con el jugo de la carne)
gravy boat - salsera
grease - grasa
greased - engrasado
grease - (with butter) enmantequillar, untar
con mantequilla
grease - (with oil) aceitar
greaseproof paper - papel encerado or
parafinado,
greaseproof paper - papel manteca (RPl),
papel mantequilla
gray mullet - lisa, mjol
greedy - (for food, drink) glotn, angurriento
greengage - ciruela claudia
greengrocer - verdulero
green pepper - pimiento verde
green beans - habichuelas (Mx) ejote
griddle - plancha
gridiron - parrilla
ground - molido, pulverizado
grill - gratinar
grill - asar a la parrilla or a las brasas
grind - machacar
gristle - cartlago
groundnut - cacahuete (Mx) cacahuate
gruel - gachas
guava - guayaba
H
haddock - abadejo
hake - merluza
halve - dividir en dos, partir por la mitad
ham - jamn
handful - puado
hang - (game) manir
hard-boiled egg - huevo duro
105
hare - liebre
heart (of cabbage, lettuce) - cogollo
hearts of artichoke - corazones de alcachofas
heat - calentar
herb -hierba
herb garden - herbario
herring - arenque
high heat - fuego fuerte
honey - miel
honeydew melon - meln (de pulpa verdosa
muy dulce)
hot dog - perro or perrito caliente, pancho
I
ice cream - helado
icing sugar - azcar glace
ingredients - ingredientes
instead of - en vez de
J
jam - mermelada
jam jar - tarro para mermelada
jelly - (as dessert) gelatina
jelly - (clear jam) jalea
jelly - (savory) gelatina, aspic
jugged hare - estofado de liebre
juice - jugo/zumo
juicy - jugoso
junket - leche cuajada
junk food - comida basura, porqueras
julienne - juliana
K
kidney beans - alubias rojas
kidney - rion
kipper - arenque
kitchen - cocina
kitchen foil - papel de aluminio
kitchen sink - fregadero
kitchenware - artculos de cocina
kitchen tissue - papel de cocina
kiwi - un kiwi
knife - cuchillo
knife grinder - afilador
knob of butter - nuez de mantequilla
knucklebone - (of pork) hueso de codillo
knucklebone - (of veal) hueso de caa
kumquat - naranjita china, kumquat, quinoto
L
ladles - cucharones
lamb - cordero
lard - manteca, grasa de cerdo
larder - despensa
layer - capa
layer - poner en capas
leaf - hoja
leaves - hojas
leeks - puerros
lemon - limn
lentils - lentejas
lettuce - lechuga
lid - tapadera
light - encender
lima bean - frijol
lime - lima
liquidise - triturar
liver - higado
loaf - barra
M
marrow - calabaza
main course - plato principal, segundo plato
marinade, marinate - dejar en adobo, marinar
mash - hacer pur
mature - (cheese, wine, whisky) aejo
mayonnaise - mayonesa
mead - hidromiel, aguamiel
measuring cup - taza para medir
measuring jug - jarra graduada
measuring spoon - cuchara de medir
meat - carne
meatball - albndiga
meathook - gancho de carnicero
medium-sized - de tamao mediano
melt - derretir
melted - derretido
melting point - punto de fusin
milk - la leche
milk shake - batido, (de leche)
milky - lechoso coffee / tea con mucha
leche
mince - carne picada
minced beef - ternera picada
mince pork - cerdo picado
mint - menta
mix - mezclar
mixer - (food mixer) - batidora
106
mixing bowl - bol, tazn

molasses - melazaf
monkfish - rape
mortar - mortero
muffin - (US) mollete (bollo dulce hecho con
huevos)
(UK) bollo de pan que suele servirse tostado
mulberry - mora (de morera)
mushrooms- championes
mussels - mejillones
mustard - mostaza
N
nectarine - nectarina
noodles - tallarines
non-fattening - no engordante
a nosh up - comilona
nourishing - adj nutritivo
nutmeg - nuez moscada
O
oats - copos de avena
offal - despojos, asaduras, achuras,
oil - aceite
oil - engrasar
omelette - (only eggs) = tortilla francesa
omelette - (with potatoes) = tortilla
onion - cebolla
olive - aceituna
olive oil - aceite de oliva
orange - naranja
oregano - organo
oven - horno
ovenproof - de horno
ounce - onza (28,35 gramos)
oxtail - rabo de buey
oyster - ostra, ostin
P
pan - cazo
pancake - crepe
paprika - pimentn
parsley - perejil
partridge - perdiz
pasta - pasta
pasty - empanada, empanadilla
pt, pate - pat
pea - guisante, chcharo (Mxican)

peach - melocotn, durazno (AmL)
peanut - cacahuete, man
peanut butter - mantequilla de cacahuete
pearl barley - cebada perlada
pecan - (nut) pacana, nuez (Mx)
peel - pelar
peeled - pelado
pepper - pimienta
peppercorns - granos de pimienta
pie - empanada, pastel, (hojaldre relleno de
carne, verduras o fruta)
pinch - pizca
pine kernels - piones
pizza - pizza
pineapple - pia
plum - ciruela
poached - escalfado
poppyseed - semilla de amapola
pork - cerdo
pork fat - tocino
potato peeler - cosa para pelar patatas
potato starch - fcula
potatoes - patatas
pour - verter
prawns - gambas
preservative - conservante
preserve - conservar
preserve (jam, jelly) confitura, mermelada
preserve (fruit in syrup) (BrE) conserva
pretzel - galleta salada (generalmente en
forma de 8)
prune - ciruela (seca)
pudding - budn, pudn, pudding; (postre)
puff pastry - hojaldre
pulses - alubias
pumpkin - calabaza (peru) zapallo
pure - pur
Q
quail - codorniz
quartered - cortado en cuatro
quince - membrillo
quince cheese/jelly - dulce de membrillo
R
rabbit - conejo
radish - rbano
raisin - pasa (de uva)
rare - (meat) poco hecho
107
raw - crudo
recipe - receta
recipe book - recetario
red pepper - pimiento rojo
red mullet - salmonete
reduce - reducir
refried beans - frijoles refritos
remove - quitar
rennet - cuajo
rennin - rennina
rest - descansar
return - volver
rhubarb - ruibarbo
ribs - costillas
rice - arroz
rind - cscara
rinse - limpiar con agua
ripe - maduro
roast - asado/asar
roast beef - rosbi
roe - hueva
roll - rollito
roll out - aplanar
rosemary - romero
rub - frotar
S
saffron - azafrn
sage - salvia
salmon - salmn
salt cod - bacalao salado
salt - sal
salted - salado
sandwich (with Spanish bread) - bocadillo
sandwich toaster - sandwichera
sardines - sardinas
sauce - salsa
saucepan - cazo
sausage - salchicha
sausage meat - carne de salchicha
sausage roll - salchicha envuelta en hojaldre
saut - saltear
scald - escaldar
scallion (young onion) - cebolleta, cebolln,
cebolla de verdeo,
chalote, chalota
scrambled egg - huevos revueltos
sea bream - besugo
seal - sellar
seafood - mariscos
seasoning - condimento
season with salt - sazonar
season with salt and pepper - salmpimentar

seeds - semillas
self-raising - harina con levadura (Esp),
leudante (RPl)
sieve - tamizar
shallot - cebolleta
shapes - formas
shellfish - mariscos
shells - cscaras
sherry - jerez
shopping list - lista de la compra
shoulder - (cut of meat) paletilla, paleta
shrimp - (large) langostino, camarn
shrimp - (medium) camarn, gamba,
langostino
shrimp - (small) camarn, quisquilla
side - lado
silver foil - papel de aluminio
sieve - tamiz, cedazo, cernidor
simmer - cocinar a fuego lento
sirloin steak - solomillo
skim - desnatar
skimmed milk - leche desnatada
skin - n. piel / v. pelar
skinned - pelado
sliced - en trozos
sliced bread - pan de molde
slotted spoon - espumadera
smear - untar
smoked - ahumado
snack - un tentempi, un refrigerio
snack - (to have a snack) comer algo ligero
snail - caracol
soak - remojar
soft drink - refresco (bebida no alcohlica)
sour - agrio
sour cream - nata agria
soy sauce - salsa de soja
spaghetti - espaguetis
spare ribs - costillas
spicy - picante
spinach - espinacas
spoon - cucharada
spoon - sacar con cuchara
sprig - ramita
sprinkle - salpicar
squeeze - exprimir
squid - calamar
stale bread - pan duro
stalk - tallo
steak - bistec
steamer - vapor
stew - estofado
stiff - espeso
stir-fry - frer
stock - caldo
108
strain - colar
strainer - colador
strawberry - fresa
streaky bacon - tocino entreverado
strips - tiritas
stuff - rellenar
stuffing - relleno
suckling pig - lechn (cochinillo)
sugar - azucar
sultana - pasa sultana
sweet - dulce
sweet and sour - agridulce
sweet basil - albahaca
sweetbreads -mollejas, lechecillas
sweetcorn - maz tierno, elote (Mx), choclo
(AmS), jojoto (Ven)
sweeten - endulzar, azucarar
sweetener - endulzante
sweet potato - boniato , batata , camote
(Andes, Mx)
sweet-toothed - goloso
syrup - (sugar solution) almbar
T
tablespoon - cuchara (grande o de servir)
tangerine - mandarina, tangerina
tamal - tamale (ground maize and sometimes
meat or a sweet
filling wrapped in a banana or maize leaf)
tartar sauce - salsa trtara
taste - sabor
teaspoon - cucharita, cucharilla
tender - tierno
tenderloin steak- solomillo
tepid - tibio
thick - grueso, espeso
thicken - espesar
thickness - espesura, grueso
thinly slice - cortar en lonchas finas
thoroughly - completamente
thyme - tomillo
tie - atar
tin - lata
tinned - en lata
toasted - tostado
tofu - tofu, queso de soja
tomatoes - tomates
topping - lo que se pone encima de una base
toss - (salad) mezlar (pancake) dar la vuelta
transfer - transferir
transparent trickle - chorrear un poco
trim - cortar
tripe - mondongo, callos, pancita, guatitas
trout - trucha
tuna - atn
turkey - pavo, guajalote(Mx)
turn - dar la vuelta
turn off - apagar
unleavened (bread)- pan zimo, pan sin
levadura
V
vanilla essence - esencia de vainilla
vinegar - vinagre
veal - ternera (de animal muy joven y de
carne plida)
venison - (carne de) venado
vodka - vodka
W
walnuts - nueces (de california)
warm - calentar
wash - lavar
watercress - berro
wedge - pedazo grande
whipped cream - nata montada
whisk - batir
whole - entero
wild boar - jabal
wipe - limpiar con un pao
Y
yolks - yemas
Yorkshire pudding - masa horneada a base
de leche, huevos y harina
que se sirve tradicionalmente con el rosbif
Z
zest - cscara, peladura
zucchini - calabacn,calabacita, zapallito
This e-book is published and distributed by

Discs Direct. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2004 Discs Direct.
109

1 Learn Spanish E-Book

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

1 Learn Spanish E-Book

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Learn Spanish

Published by Discs Direct

Stress & Accent Marks

Spanish - English Dictionary

English - Spanish Dictionary

Check bookmarks on the left for more detailed contents info.

Learn Spanish E-book

Espaol - Language note

Country - Number of Spanish Speakers:

azul (adj) - blue

All vowels in Spanish make only one sound each:

i . . . sounds like . . . ee as in "bee"

o . . sounds like . . . oh as in "go"

u . . . sounds like . . . oo as in "to"

Examples: luna - puro - mudo

Most consonants are the same as in English,

The Spanish "" is like the "ni" in "onion" in English

The Spanish "p" is the same as the "p" in English

Stress and Accent Marks

Basic Phrases (Spanish English)

el men - the menu

Common phrases (English Spanish)

Can you help me? - Me puede ayudar?; Me ayuda por favor?

What is your name? - Cmo te llamas?

When do you eat lunch? - A qu hora comes t el almuerzo?

Vocabulary (grouped by topics)

Days of the week

Months of the year

Shapes - Las Formas

Estoy enamorado/estoy enamorada - I am in love

What color is it? - Que color es este?

bulbous nose - una nariz protuberante

Talking about weather

breeze - una brisa

storm - una tormenta, un temporal

Note: For more info about verbs look under: Tenses

la chica (the girl) feminine

In Spanish, nouns, pronouns, adjectives and articles are gender-related.

Vamos al mercado (Let's go to the store); Al entrar en la clase, la profesora comenz a

Ser and Estar

Vamos a Madrid. We are going to Madrid.

Other commonly used conjunctions:

An interjection (interjeccin) is a word or expression. Interjections are rarely used in formal or

ay! -oh!, ouch!

por Dios! -for goodness sakes!

el mo, la ma, los mos, las mas (mine)

Second person (familiar)

los, las (you)

Reflexive Pronouns and Verbs

Second person (familiar)

Second person (polite)

Second person (familiar)

Second person (polite)

usage, Cun...! may replace Qu...!: Cun fcilmente lo haces t!

Verb Conjugations: Tenses

-ar: hablar (to talk)

The form of a verb depends on:

1) its conjugation group

There are also four compound tenses (tiempos compuestos):

1. Present perfect - prterito perfecto:

3. Plusperfect or past perfect - pretrito pluscuamperfecto:

There are four moods (modos) in Spanish:

Est en el banco (It's in the bank)