4

14. Stresses in cylindrical shell

Uniform internal or external pressure includes in the longitudinal
seam a unit stress two times larger then in the circumferential seam because
of the geometry of the cylinder.
15. Design of shell under internal presser
Thickness of cylindrical shell in terms of inside dimension or
longitudinal joints
(code reference ASME sec. Viii div.1 UG 27 )
When thickness dose not exceed one half or the inside radius, p
dose not exceed 0.385 se the following formula shall apply.
Pr
T=

+c.a.
Se-0.6p

16.design of various type of dish end.

Pressure vessel requires closer at ends. Which is attained by using
various dish ends. There are various aspects for selection of type head like
volume inside head & space available above vessel at site. The various types
of dished ends widely used are describe bellow.
Torispherical head
As shown, this type of head consists of profile generated by two
different circles having crown radius & knuckle radius. Generally these
types of heads are used for low thick vessel.
The required thickness of a tori spherical head for the case in which the
knuckle radios is 6% of the inside crown radius, shall be determined by
0.885 pl
T=

+ c.a.

Se-0.1 p
T = minimum required thickness of head after forming, inch
P = internal design pressure Psi