Tutorials (DPV)

1. (a) Explain the objectives and importance of pressure vessels in diverse engineering
applications.
(b) Classify the different types of pressure vessels with their advantageous and
disadvantageous.
Write the short notes on the followings:
(i) Shells, (ii) Heads, (iii) Nozzles and (iv) Supports (v)ASME code
2. (a)Describe the various factors for the selection of materials used in pressure vessels
(b)Describe the various failure modes in pressure vessels
(c) Explain the various design factors required for reliable design of pressure vessels
(d) Explain the effect of alloying elements (Cr, Ni, Si, Mn, V and W) for reliable design of Pressure
vessels.
3. Differentiate between the followings:
I. Ferritic stainless steel Vs martensitic stainless steel
II. Tool steel Vs stainless steel
III. Radial stress Vs tangential stress
IV. Primary stress Vs secondary stress
V. Maximum allowable working pressure Vs design pressure
VI. Design thickness Vs nominal thickness
VII. Ellipsoidal head Vs torispherical head
4. (a)Drive the expression of circumferential and longitudinal stresses and strains in the thin
walled cylinder and sphere with assumptions.
(b)Calculate the wall thickness required for thin walled cylinders which must withstand a
pressure difference of 1.5 Mpa between the inside and outside. The mean diameter is 200
mm and the stress must not exceed 60 MPa.
(c) A cylinder is 150 mm mean diameter and 750 mm long with a wall 2 mm thick. It has an
internal pressure 0.8 MPa. Greater than the outside pressure. Calculate the following
I. Circumferential strain
II. The longitudinal strain
III. The change in cross-sectional area
IV. The change in length
V. The change in volume
5. Derive the expression of tangential, redial, longitudinal and axial stresses of the thick
cylinder having outer diameter D, and inner diameter d. It is pressurized to Pi gauge on the
inside and Po on the outside.
A thick cylinder is 100 mm outer diameter and 50 mm inner diameter. It is pressurized to
112 MPa gauge on the inside. Calculate the following.
I. The circumferential stress on the outside layer.
II. The circumferential stress on the inside layer.
III. The longitudinal stress
IV. The circumferential strain in the outside layer
V. The circumferential strain in the inside layers
VI. The change in the inner diameter
VII. The change in the outer diameter.
Assume E= 205 GPa and v=0.27
6. (a)Consider a cylinder subjected to an external pressure of 150 MPa and an internal pressure
of zero. The cylinder has a 25 mm ID and a 50 mm OD, respectively. Assume the cylinder
is capped.
Find:
1. the state of stress (σr , σt , σl ) at the inner and outer cylinder surfaces;
2. the Mohr’s Circle plot for the inside and outside cylinder surfaces;
3. the critical section based upon the estimate of τ max .
(b)Repeat the example 1 (a) using the Thin-wall Theory
(po = 150 MPa, pi = 0, ID = 25 mm, OD = 50 mm).
The percent difference of the maximum shear stress estimates found using
the Thick-wall and Thin-wall Theories.
7. (a) Explain the effect of thermal stresses and their significance in pressure vessels.
(b) If a long sleeve of inside radius b and outside radios c is shrunk on a solid shaft, the
external radius, of which in the unstressed conditions is larger than the internal radius of the
sleeve by an amount, establish an expression for the uniform contact pressure p.
In the sleeve given as above (a) establish an expression for the maximum shearing stresses
in sleeve; and (b) if the shrink fit is obtained by heating the sleeve be heated to produce a
maxi,um shear stress in the sleeve of 20, 000 psi if the diameter of the shaft is 6 in. (assume
material to be steel with E=30 x 106 psi, and α=7x 10-6 in. per in. per oF
8. (A) A banded cylindrical vessel, 30” inside radius, has hemispherical heads and is subjected
to an internal pressure of 1,000 as shown in figure. Assume there is no friction between the
band and inner and the inner shell and also no prestress exists. (a) what is the required
thickness of the hemispherical heads for a maximum membrane stress of 20,000 psi?(b) If
the inner shell of cylindrical portion is made the same thickness as the hemispherical heads,
what is the required thickness of the wrapper (or band) to maintain a maximum membrane
hoop stress of 20, 000 psi in the inner shell

Fig: Cross section through the Banded Vessels

(B) A cylindrical portion of the vessels is again constructed of a single of a single solid
wall. (a) What is the required thickness to maintain a hoop stress of 20,000 psi? (b) How
does this compare to the combined thickness of the cylindrical inner shell and band of the
above problem.

9. (a) Explain the role of shrink fit and autofrettage in multiwall cylindrical pressure vessels.
(b) A 400 mm OD steel cylinder with a nominal ID of 240 mm is shrunk onto another steel
cylinder of 240 mm OD and 140 mm ID. The radial interference δis 0.3 mm. Use Young's
Modulus E = 200 GPa and Poisson's Ratio n = 0.3. Find the interface pressure pi and plot
the radial and tangential stresses in both cylinders. Then find the maximum internal
 pressure which may be applied to the assembly if the maximum tangential stress in the
inside cylinder is to be no more than 140 MPa.
10 Considered one simple vessel (Figure 1) which has following components:
. (a) Ellipsoidal dish (b) Shell (c) Toriconical dish (d) Nozzle ,flange
Also considered some following data for case study of water as liquid in the vessel.
Maximum allowable working pressure 0.800 MPa
Temperature 200˚C
Material SA 240 Type 316
0
Max. Allowable stress @ 200 C 134 MPa
Inside diameter or crown radius 3048 mm
Diameter Tolerance +/- 20 mm
Joint efficiency 0.85
Corrosion Allowance 1.2 mm

inside knuckle radius 304.8 mm

Outside radius of the nozzle neck of shell 109.55 mm
minimum required thickness of the head as per UG-45 9.16 mm
Prove whether design is safe or not for the given components.

Figure 1
11 The Geometry and design data of a vertical cylindrical pressure vessel are specified in Fig
. 2. Vessel is subjected to internal pressure. Find out the required components thicknesses.
For the same thickness what are the minimum required thickness for the top and bottom
heads? Assuming the Vessel is in All Vapour Service, Cylinder Dimensions shown are
inside diameters and both Heads are Seamless.
Shell and Head SA-515Gr.60

Dishend Types Hemispherical, Cylindrical &

Semi elliptical
P-Design pressure 200 psig
Design temperature 5000F
Di-Inside diameter for cylindrical 5’ and 8’ shown in Fig. 2.
shells are given as
Diameter Tolerance +/- 0.10”
S-Max. Allowable stress @ 200C 13,400 psig
E-Joint efficiency 0.85
CA-Corrosion Allowance 0.105”
Half apex angle α θ0 Calculate?

Hemispherical

5’-0”

5’-0” Cylindrical
50’-0” Shell

10’-0” θ0
Conical Shell

20’-0” 8’-0”

Cylindrical
Shell

2:1 Semi-Elliptical
Fig 2.
12
. For a tall cylindrical column, the geometry, and design conditions are shown in Fig 3. If
wall thickness of the column is 7/16 inch and no stiffener are provided. Check whether
given stiffness is acceptable for external pressure if it is not acceptable, what minimum
thickness is required?
DESIGN INFORMATION Design pressure = full vacuum
Design Temperature = 5000F
Shell and head Material is SA-285 Gr. B, Yield Stress = 27 ksi
Corrosion Allowance = 0.0625”
Cylinder Dimension Shown is inside Diameter.
2:1 Semi-Elliptical

4’-0”
150’-0”

Cylindrical
Shell

2:1 Semi-Elliptical
Fig 3.