MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila

CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City

Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)
Review MODULE – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (Statically Indeterminate & Torsional Members)

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE MEMBERS b. If the right support yields by 0.5 mm.

AXIALLY LOADED MEMBERS
SITUATION. A short, reinforced cement concrete column 600 mm x 600 rass
mm has eight steel rods of 25 mm ø as reinforcement. Load on column = teel
3000 kN and length = 3 m. Take E = 200 GPa for steel and 10 GPa for =
concrete. Find the stresses in the steel and in the concrete. mm mm

SITUATION. The rigid bar of negligible weight is pinned at O and attached mm mm

to two vertical rods. Assuming that the rods were initially stress-free:
a. What is the largest load P that can be applied without exceeding
THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSELS
stresses of 150 MPa in the steel rod and 70 MPa in the brass rod?
(A) Tangential/Circumferential/Hoop Stress:
b. What is the stress acting on the steel rod? 𝑝𝐷
c. What is the stress acting on the brass rod? 𝜎𝑇 =
2𝑡
(B) Longitudinal Stress:

𝑝𝐷
𝜎𝐿 =
4𝑡
(C) Spherical Shell:

𝑝𝐷
𝜎𝐿 =
4𝑡
SITUATION. In the arrangement shown in the figure, the rigid bar is
initially supported by the two outer steel rods 20 mm ø and 500 mm long.
The central brass rod is 30 mm ø but 0.1 mm shorter than the other two
bars. Take ES = 200 GPa and EB = 80 GPa.
a. Determine the maximum value of P so that the central bar is not
stressed.
b. If this maximum load is doubled, what will be the stress in the central
rod?
c. If this maximum load is doubled, what will be the stress in the outer (A) (B) (C)
rods?
SITUATION. A boiler is subjected to an internal pressure of 2 N/mm2. The
thickness of boiler plate is 2.6 cm and permissible tensile stress in 120
N/mm2. Find out the maximum diameter, when the efficiency of
longitudinal joint is 90% and that of circumferential joint is 40%.

SITUATION. A 10 mm thick steel tire has a width of 100 mm and has an

internal diameter of 850 mm. The tire is heated and shrunk to a steel
wheel 850.5 mm diameter. Take Modulus of Elasticity, E = 200 GPa.
a. Determine the tensile stress in the tire.
b. Determine the compressive pressure between the tire and the wheel.
THERMAL DEFORMATION c. Determine the thickness of the tire to resist a pressure of 1.2 MPa if it
δT = αLΔT has an allowable stress of 120 MPa.
Where:
δT = the algebraic change in the length of the member TORSIONAL MEMBERS
α = linear coefficient of thermal deformation TORSION – produced when there is twisting in the member due to
L = the original length of the member torques in opposite rotation applied at the ends.
ΔT = the algebraic change in temperature of the member Torsional Shear Stress: Angle of Twist: Power Transmission:
L
Tρ T
SITUATION. In the assembly shown, the steel rod is rigidly attached to τ= θ= ∫ dx P = Tω
J 0 JG
the brass bar and there is a gap of 0.5 mm when the temperature is 20°C, Tr TL
and the rods are stress free. Find the stresses in the bars and the length τmax = θ= P = 2πTf
J JG
of each bar when the temperature rises to 120°C. For steel, E = 200 GPa Where:
and α = 12 x 10-6/°C. For brass, E = 95 GPa and α = 20 x 10-6/°C. T = Torque θ = Angle of Twist
L = Length of the Member ω = Angular Velocity in rad/s
J = Polar Moment of Inertia f = frequency in cycles/s
G = Modulus of Rigidity/Shear Modulus

SITUATION. A shaft has to be designed to transmit a power of 100 kW

SITUATION. A compound bar of brass and steel is fixed between
supports and loaded as shown. Given For steel, E = 200 GPa and α = 12
x 10-6/°C. For brass, E = 95 GPa and α = 20 x 10-6/°C. Find the stresses
in the materials when the temperature is increased by 50°C.
a. If the supports are unyielding.
at 300 rpm. Determine the required for a solid circular shaft of steel for
which the permissible stress is 90 MPa. What is the angle of twist per
meter length of this shaft? G = 82 GPa.
SITUATION. The figure shows a stepped shaft. It is subjected to a torque
T at the free end and a torque 2T in the opposite direction at the junction
of the two sizes. Determine the total angle of twist if the maximum shear
 MANILA: Room 206, JPD Building, CM Recto Avenue, Manila
CEBU: 4/F J. Martinez Bldg., Osmeña Blvd., Cebu City
Telephone Number: (02) 516-7559 (Manila) E-Mail: buksmarquez1 @yahoo.com
(032) 254-9967 (Cebu)
Review MODULE – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (Statically Indeterminate & Torsional Members)

stress is limited to 80 MPa for steel and 60 MPa for aluminum. Take G = Springs in Series:
80 GPa for steel and G = 50 GPa for aluminum. 1 1 1
= +
K K1 K 2
Springs in Parallel:
K = K1 + K2

FLANGED BOLT COUPLINGS

SITUATION. A flanged bolt coupling consists of six 16-mm diameter steel
bolts on a concentric bolt circle 550 mm in diameter, and four 16-mm
diameter steel bolts on a concentric bolt circle 300-mm in diameter.
Determine the maximum torque that can be applied without exceeding a
shearing stress of 40 MPa in the bolts.

Where:
P = applied axial load
R = mean radius of the spring
d = diameter of the wire forming the spring
n = number of turns of the spring
k = axial stiffness of the spring

STATICALLY INDETERMINATE TORSIONAL MEMBERS
SITUATION. A stepped shaft fixed at two ends as shown is subjected to
a torque of 300 N·m at the section C. The larger section is of aluminum
and the smaller on is of steel. GS = 82 GPa and GA = 27 GPa.
SITUATION. Two steel springs in series supports a load P at the end.
The upper spring has 12 turns of 25 mm diameter wire on a mean
radius of 100 mm. The lower spring consists of 10 turns of 20mm
diameter wire on a mean radius of 75 mm. if the maximum shearing
stress in either spring must not exceed 200 MPa and G = 83 GPa. (Use
formula with Wahl factor)
a. Compute the maximum value of P.
b. Compute the total elongation of the assembly.
c. Compute the equivalent spring constant by dividing the load by the
total elongation.

a. Determine the maximum stress in the steel section.
b. Determine the maximum stress in the aluminum section.
c. Determine the angle of twist at the junction.
SITUATION. The composite shaft consists of a copper rod that fits loosely
inside an aluminum sleeve. The two components are attached to a rigid
wall at one end and joined with an end-plate at the other end. Determine
the maximum shear stress in each material when the 2 kN.m torque is
applied to the end-plate. Use G = 26 GPa for aluminum and G = 47 GPa
for copper.
a. Shear stress in Aluminum.
b. Shear stress in Copper:
SITUATION.A rigid plate of negligible mass rests on a central spring
which is 20 mm higher than the symmetrically located outer springs.
Each of the outer springs consists of 18 turns of 10 mm wire on a mean
diameter of 100 mm. the central spring has 24 turns of 20 mm wire on a
mean diameter of 150 mm. If a load of P = 5 kN is now applied to the
plate, use G = 83 GPa.
a. Determine the load carried by the central spring.
b. Determine the shearing stress of the central spring.
c. Determine the shearing stress of the outer spring.

SPRINGS
Maximum Shearing Stress:
16PR d
τMAX = 3
(1 + )
πd 4R
Wahl Correction (For heavy springs):
16PR 4m − 1 0.615
τMAX = ( + )
πd3 4m − 4 m
Elongation of the Spring:
64PR3 n
δ =
Gd4