Prepared By:

DENZEL G. ARMELON
GEN. SCIENCE
GUESS WHAT?

O P T I C S
GUESS WHAT?

L I G H T
MI RRORS
AND L EN S E S
 What is Light?
• Light is another type of wave that
carries energy.
• A light ray is a narrow beam of
light that travels in a straight line.
• Light is an electromagnetic wave
and doesn’t need a medium in
which to travel.
 Opaque, Translucent and
Transparent Materials
• Materials that let no light through
them are called opaque.
• Materials that let some light through
but scatter it so the image isn’t clear
are called translucent.
• Materials that let almost all light
through them are called transparent.
 Color
• When light hits opaque objects,
some light is absorbed the rest
is reflected. We see the
reflected light as the color of
the object.
• If an object reflects the red
wavelengths of light, it looks red. If
it reflects the green wavelengths it
looks green.
Primary Colors of Light
• Light of almost any
color can be made by
mixing different
amounts of red, green,
and blue light.
• Red, green, and blue
are known as the
primary colors of light.
 Primary Pigment Colors
• The color of the pigment you see is
the color of the light waves that are
reflected from it. The primary
pigment colors are yellow, magenta,
and cyan. You can make almost any
color by mixing different amounts of
these primary pigment colors.
How we see objects?
 Law of Reflection

Reflection is the
bouncing off of light
rays when it hits a
surface.
 Law of Reflection

• The 1st law of reflection states that the

angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
reflection.
 Law of Reflection

• According to the 2nd law of reflection, the

normal line, incident ray and reflected ray
lie on the same plane.
 2 types of Reflection
1. Specular/ Regular Reflection

2. Diffused/Irregular Reflection
MIRRORS
 Plane Mirrors
• A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat
reflecting surface.
• In a plane mirror, your image looks much
the same as it would in a photograph.

• Images are the same

size, just reversed,
facing opposite
directions.
 Multiple Images
These are formed by the reflection that happens
when arranging of at least two mirrors.

No. of Images = 360∕(angles between the mirrors) -1

2 Kinds of Spherical
Mirrors
 Concave Mirrors
• A concave mirror has a surface
that is curved inward, like the
bowl of a spoon.
• Unlike plane mirrors, concave
mirrors cause light rays to come
together, or converge.
 Concave
Mirrors
• Light rays that travel
parallel to the optical
axis and strike the
mirror are reflected The distance along
so that they pass the optical axis from
through a single the center of the
point called the focal mirror to the focal
point.
point is called the
focal length.
 Convex Mirrors
• A convex mirror has a surface that curves
outward, like the back of a spoon.
• Convex
mirrors cause
light waves to
spread out, or
diverge.
2 Kinds of Spherical Mirrors

or vertex
“Four Principal
Rays in Curved
mirrors”
1.P-F ray
2.F-P ray
3.C-C ray
4.V ray
 QUIZ #1
1. A _____ is a narrow beam of light that travels
in a straight line.
2.Materials that let no light through them are
called_______.
3.Materials that let some light through but scatter
it so the image isn’t clear are called________.
4.Materials that let almost all light through them
are called_______.
5-7.____,_____, and _____are known as the
primary colors of light.
8-10. The primary pigment colors are_____,____,
and____.
11-12 Give the 1st law of reflection.
13-14 Give the 2nd law of reflection.
15. A _____is a mirror with a flat reflecting surface.
16.A _____has a surface that is curved inward, like
the bowl of a spoon.
17. _______cause light waves to spread out, or
diverge.
18-19. How image were formed in the mirror
with 30 degree angles between the 2 mirrors?
(Show the complete solution)
20 . 2 Types of reflection

22

23 24 25
“Four Principal
Rays in Curved
mirrors”
1.P-F ray
2.F-P ray
3.C-C ray
4.V ray
 CONCAVE MIRROR
• P-F ray is parallel to the axis and reflects through F.
• F-P
F-P ray passes through F before reflecting parallel to the
axis.
• C-C
C-C ray passes through C and reflects back on itself.

• VV ray goes to the vertex V and reflects under the same

angle below the optical axis
 CONVEX MIRROR
• P-F ray is parallel to the axis and reflects through F.
• F-P
F-P ray passes through F before reflecting parallel to the
axis.
• C-C
C-C ray passes through C and reflects back on itself.

• VV ray goes to the vertex V and reflects under the same

angle below the optical axis
Example 1

C F V
Example 2

V F C
C F V
V F C
F F
F F
 Activity
Are you L-O-S-T after Reflection?
Materials: ruler or protractor, notebook
Page 187-189

30 mins
The Mirror Equation
The Mirror Equation
 Example 1
What is the focal length of a
convex mirror that produces an
image that appears 10cm
behind the mirror when the
object is 5cm from the mirror?
 Example 2
What is the focal length of a
convex mirror that produces an
image that appears 15cm
behind the mirror when the
object is 27.5cm from the
mirror?
 Sign Conventions for Mirror
POSITIVE
• f is + if in the concave mirror
• q is + if the image is real and located
on the object’s side of the mirror
• h’ is + if the image is upright
 Sign Conventions for Mirror
NEGATIVE
• f is - if in the convex mirror
• q is - if the image is virtual and located
behind the mirror
• h’ is - if the image is inverted
Speed of Light and Refraction
• Light passing through a material such
as air, water, or glass, travels more
slowly than the speed of light in a
vacuum.
• Refraction is when light waves are
bent as they move from one media to
another and change speed.
 Lenses
• A lens that is thicker in the center
than at the edges is a convex lens.
 Lenses
• A lens that is thicker at the
edges than in the middle is a
concave lens.
•A compound
microscope uses
two convex lenses
to magnify objects
by as much as
2,500 times.
• The simplest
refracting
telescopes use
two convex
lenses to form
an image of a
distant object.
• Reflecting
telescopes have a
concave mirror
instead of a convex
objective lens to
gather the light from
distant objects.
THANK YOU!!!