TRECUTUL SI TIMPURILE

PERFECTE
TRECUTUL SIMPLU (SIMPLE PAST TENSE)

Trecutul simplu - FORMA

Afirmativ: INFINITIV + ed (vb regulate)
Negativ: did not + INFINITIV
Interogativ: did + subiect + INFINITIV

Forma a II-a a vb. (vb neregulate)

Utilizare:
1. o actiune finalizata in trecut cand este mentionat momentul actiunii:
Tom arrived yesterday.
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
Adverbele sau expresiile de timp pot fi o marca a trecutului simplu: yesterday, last week,
two years ago, last summer, a month ago etc.

2. o actiune finalizata SIGUR in trecut chiar daca timpul NU este mentionat:

Brutus assassinated Julius Caesar.
Did you ever see Winston Churchill in person?

3. o obisnuinta din trecut:

She always woke up early on school days.
Sarah never ate pork as a child.
Este adesea insotit de adverbe de frecventa: sometimes, often, always, usually, rarely,
seldom etc.

4. o naratiune in trecut:
I stopped to buy a newspaper and then sat down on a bench to read it. The
news was quite depressing. So I got up and took a walk and tried to think
happy thoughts.

TRECUTUL CONTINUU (PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS)

Trecutul continuu - FORMA

Forma de trecut a lui to be + ING

Utilizare:
1. actiuni trecute cu o anumita durata, dar ale caror limite precise in timp nu sunt
cunoscute:
It was raining and getting colder.
2. actiuni trecute care au inceput inainte si au continuat probabil dupa un anumit
moment dat:
At noon the sun was shining.
At 10 oclock at night Jerry was studying.
Momentul dat poate fi exprimat si de o expresie de timp la trecutul simplu:
When Tom arrived, the sun was shining.

3. actiuni in curs de derulare in trecut (in descrieri):

The flowers were blooming, the birds were singing and the breeze was
blowing softly.

COMPARATI: diferenta de sens dintre cele doua timpuri:

When the bell rang, Sam was having breakfast. (Sam was in the middle of
breakfast when the bell started to ring.) continuitate
When the door bell rang, Sam ran to open the door. (Sam ran to the door
as soon as the door bell rang.) spontaneitate

TRECUTUL SIMPLU (SIMPLE PAST TENSE)

Trecutul simplu - FORMA

Afirmativ: INFINITIV + ed (vb regulate)
Negativ: did not + INFINITIV
Interogativ: did + subiect + INFINITIV

Forma a II-a a vb. (vb neregulate)

Utilizare:
1. o actiune finalizata in trecut cand este mentionat momentul actiunii:
Tom arrived yesterday.
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
Adverbele sau expresiile de timp pot fi o marca a trecutului simplu: yesterday, last week,
two years ago, last summer, a month ago etc.

2. o actiune finalizata SIGUR in trecut chiar daca timpul NU este mentionat:

Brutus assassinated Julius Caesar.
Did you ever see Winston Churchill in person?

3. o obisnuinta din trecut:

She always woke up early on school days.

Sarah never ate pork as a child.

Este adesea insotit de adverbe de frecventa: sometimes, often, always, usually, rarely,
seldom etc.

4. o naratiune in trecut:
I stopped to buy a newspaper and then sat down on a bench to read it. The
news was quite depressing. So I got up and took a walk and tried to think
happy thoughts.

TRECUTUL CONTINUU (PAST TENSE CONTINUOUS)

Trecutul continuu - FORMA

Forma de trecut a lui to be + ING

Utilizare:
1. actiuni trecute cu o anumita durata, dar ale caror limite precise in timp nu sunt
cunoscute:
It was raining and getting colder.
2. actiuni trecute care au inceput inainte si au continuat probabil dupa un anumit
moment dat:
At noon the sun was shining.
At 10 oclock at night Jerry was studying.
Momentul dat poate fi exprimat si de o expresie de timp la trecutul simplu:
When Tom arrived, the sun was shining.

3. actiuni in curs de derulare in trecut (in descrieri):

The flowers were blooming, the birds were singing and the breeze was
blowing softly.

COMPARATI: diferenta de sens dintre cele doua timpuri:

When the bell rang, Sam was having breakfast. (Sam was in the middle of
breakfast when the bell started to ring.) continuitate
When the door bell rang, Sam ran to open the door. (Sam ran to the door
as soon as the door bell rang.) spontaneitate

EXERCITII

1. Transformati intrebarile in propozitii afirmative:

1. Did John come at midnight?

2. Did the children understand the instructions?

3. Did Dr. Carter bring the antibiotics?

4. Did the cook freeze the strawberries?

5. Did his mother fly with KLM?

6. Did the Browns drive all the way to Arizona?

7. Did she feed the cat?

8. Did Elvis Presley sing in the 60s?

9. Did the children fight again?

10. Did Joe pay for the chocolate?

2. Folositi trecutul simplu sau continuu:

1.

Ted ..................... (wake) up because the children ........................ (make) noise.

2.

The boys (row) in the middle of the lake when they

.. (hear) a loud thunder.

3.

Grandfather (strike) a match and the wood

(catch) fire immediately.

4.

The maid (polish) the crystal glass when it suddenly

(slip) and .. (crash) to the ground.

5.

Dr. Jones ........................... (write) a prescription when the phone .....................

(ring).

6.

You .. (like) the play last night? Yes indeed, I

(think) it was very well acted.

7.

I always (carry) the front door key in my purse, but my

husband (convince) me not to.

8.

Even though Mark still .. (talk), Vanessa

. (fall asleep).

9.

The plumber (leave), when the old lady finally

(open) the door.

10.

Im sorry, I ..
(say).

(not

pay)

attention

to

what

you

PERFECTUL PREZENT (PRESENT PERFECT)

Perfectul prezent - FORMA

have + participiul trecut (forma a III-a vb regulate si neregulate)

Utilizare: Perfectul prezent are o legatura clara cu prezentul, chiar daca este un timp
trecut din punct de vedere gramatical.

1. actiuni care au inceput in trecut si s-au terminat cu putin inainte de momentul

prezent:
I have done my homework. Can I go out now?

2. actiuni trecute recente cand timpul nu este mentionat:

I have lost my address book.
Have the children had their dinner?
The boss has read you report.

3. impreuna cu urmatoarele adverbe si expresii de timp (se foloseste pentru lega un

moment trecut nedefinit de prezent): just, already, since, for, recently, lately, yet,
so far, never before, before now, ever, today, this week, this century, this
morning, this evening, in the last few days, in the past month, in recent weeks
etc.
Has the teacher corrected the tests yet?

They havent been able to do it so far.

There hasnt been any rain in the past month.
What have you done today?
Medicine has made great progress this century.

NOTA: For indica durata de timp: Jim has studied karate for two months.
Since indica punctul de inceput in timp: Sallys been ill since Monday.

PERFECTUL PREZENT
CONTINUOUS)

CONTINUU

(PRESENT

PERFECT

Perfectul prezent continuu - FORMA

Perfectul prezent al lui to be (have been, has been) + ING

Utilizare:
1. se foloseste pentru actiuni care au inceput in trecut si continua pana in momentul
prezent:
I have been waiting for an hour and the museum has still not opened!
Harry cant come right now: he has been cleaning the garage and needs a
shower.

COMPARATI: diferenta de sens intre cele doua timpuri:

Mary has polished the silver. (Mary has just finished.)
Mary has been polishing the silver. (Mary may still be polishing.)

MAI MULT CA PERFECTUL (PAST PERFECT)

Mai mult ca perfectul - FORMA

had + participiul trecut

Utilizare: Mai mult ca perfectul este trecutul perfectului prezent.

1. se foloseste la fel ca perfectul prezent in CORESPONDENTA TIMPURILOR.

Comparati:
Perfectul prezent: Larrys wife is quite worried: she hasnt heard from him for several
days.
Mai mult ca perfectul: Larrys wife was quite worried: she hadnt heard from his for
several days.

2. pentru a sublinia ca o actiune trecuta a avut loc inaintea unei alte actiuni trecute:
After the illustrator had finished, the book was finally ready for
publication.
Seeing that their mother had fallen ill, the children grew depressed.

NOTA: Cand nu este necesara sublinierea succesiunii evenimentelor sau cand este clar ca
o actiune s-a petrecut inaintea celeilalte, se folosesc doua trecuturi simple.
Tony felt relieved when he passed the exam.
The executioner waited until the prisoner finished smoking his last
cigarette.

MAI MULT CA PERFECTUL CONTINUU (PAST PERFECT

CONTINUOUS)

Mai mult ca perfectul continuu - FORMA

had been + ING

Utilizare:
1. se foloseste la fel ca perfectul prezent continuu, numai ca sensul este mutat mai
demult in trecut (vezi CORESPONDENTA TIMPURILOR):
Perfectul prezent continuu: It is time to stop. Hillary has been working non-stop since
breakfast!
Mai mult ca perfectul continuu: It was time to stop. Hillary had been working non-stop
since breakfast!

2. poate exprima o actiune trecuta repatata, care a durat pana la un moment dat in
timp:
My father had been getting up at daybreak until his accident.
I had been calling her every evening until we quarreled.