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Design of Seismic Resistant Steel Building Structures-Concentrically - Braced - Frames
Design of Seismic Resistant Steel Building Structures-Concentrically - Braced - Frames
Prepared by:
Djoni Simanta
Advantages
- high elastic stiffness
Disadvantages
- less ductile than other systems (SMFs, EBFs, BRBFs)
- reduced architectural versatility
Types of CBFs
Single Diagonal
Inverted V- Bracing
X- Bracing
V- Bracing
Compression Brace
(previously in tension):
Buckles
(nonductile)
P
For design:
Pmax = Py
Take Pmax = Ry Fy Ag
For design:
Pmax
Plastic Hinges
P
Plastic Hinge
P
M
For design:
Example
Braces in tension:
Take P = Ry Fy Ag
Braces in compression:
Compression Braces:
Take P = 0.3 Pn
Example
Example
Ry Fy Ag
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
Tension Braces:
Take P = Ry Fy Ag
Compression Braces:
Take P = 0.3 Pn
0.3 Pn
Example
Example
Find maximum axial
compression in column.
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
Tension Brace:
Take P = Ry Fy Ag
Compression Brace:
Take P = 0.3 Pn
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
0.3 Pn
Example
Example
Find maximum bending
moment in beam.
Tension Brace:
Take P = Ry Fy Ag
0.3 Pn
R y Fy A g
Compression Brace:
Take P = 0.3 Pn
Note
Based on elastic frame analysis:
Column Axial Force = Pgravity
Example
Example
0.3 Pn
R y Fy A g
( Ry Fy Ag - 0.3 Pn ) sin
Note
Based on elastic frame analysis:
Moment in beam 0
Example
Example
Find maximum axial
tension and compression
that will be applied to
gusset plate.
Tension Brace:
Take P = Ry Fy Ag
Compression Brace:
Take P = 1.1 Ry Pn
Ry Fy Ag
1.1 Ry Pn
10
Frames
Section F1
Ordinary Concentrically Braced Frames
(OCBF)
Scope
Basis of Design
Analysis
System Requirements
Members
Connections
11
Section F2
Special Concentrically Braced Frames (SCBF)
Scope
Basis of Design
Analysis
System Requirements
Members
Connections
F2.5 Members
Slenderness
KL
E
4
r
Fy
Fy = 36 ksi:
KL/r 114
Fy = 42 ksi:
KL/r 105
Fy = 46 ksi:
KL/r 100
Fy = 50 ksi:
KL/r 96
12
Slenderness
Example
KL
E
4
r
Fy
Exception:
E
KL
200
Braces with: 4
Fy
r
are permitted in frames in which the available
strength of the columns is at least equal to the
maximum load transferred to the column
considering Ry times the nominal strengths of
the brace elements.
Example
All bracing members:
KL
E
4
r
Fy
Ry Fy Ag
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
Example
E
KL
200
Fy
r
Ry Fy Ag
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
OR
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
0 Q E
+
[(1.2 + 0.2SDS) D + 0.5L]
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
0 Q E
+
[(1.2 + 0.2SDS) D + 0.5L]
0.3 Pn
NOT PERMITTED
13
F2.5 Members
Basic Required Strength
Where the effective net area of bracing members is
less than the gross area, the required tensile
strength of the brace, based on a limit state of
fracture of the net section shall be at least Ry Fy Ag of
the bracing member.
Example
gusset plate
double angle bracing member
14
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Critical Net Section
A e = U An
Ae < Ag due to:
bolt hole (An < Ag ), and
shear lag (U < 1)
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Per Section 6.2: use expected tensile strength Rt FU when checking net section
fracture of bracing member, since Ry Fy of the same member is used to
computed the required strength
OR:
Ry Fy
Ae
Ag 0.75 Rt Fu
15
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Limit state: fracture of net section
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Ry Fy
Ae
Ag 0.75 Rt Fu
For A36 Angles:
Ae
1.5 36 ksi
1.03
Ag 0.75 1.2 58 ksi
Ae
1.1 50 ksi
1.03
Ag 0.75 1.1 65 ksi
0.6 Anv Rt Fu
0.6 Agv Ry Fy
Example
gusset plate
rectangular HSS bracing
member
16
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Required axial tension strength
of brace for limit state of
fracture of the net section
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
A e = U An
OR:
Ry Fy
Ae
Ag 0.75 Rt Fu
1.14
Ag 0.75 1.3 58 ksi
17
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
Pu= Ry Fy Ag
0.6 Anv Rt Fu
0.6 Agv Ry Fy
Ant = Agv = 4 L t
0.557 Ag
t
18
Width-Thickness Limitations
i.e.
OK
Width-Thickness Limitations
Width-Thickness Limitations
plastic hinge
Columns: ps
19
Width-Thickness Limitations
Bracing Members: ps
For rectangular HSS (A500 Gr B steel):
b
E
29000 ksi
0.64
0.64
16.1
t
Fy
46 ksi
20
Ry Fy Ag
21
Pu = Ry Fy Ag
Pu = Ry Fy Ag
Vuc
Pu cos
Pu sin
Vub
Pu sin
Pu = Ry Fy Ag
Hub
Pu cos
Huc
Pu sin
Pu cos
Huc
Vub
Pu cos
Pu sin
22
Pu = Ry Fy Ag
Pu cos
Pu sin
Plastic Hinges
P
M
1.1 Ry Mp-brace
23
Buckling perpendicular
to gusset plate
Plastic Hinge
24
2t
2t
25
2t
Styrofoam
26
> 2t
> 2t
>2t
27
1.1 Ry Pn
28
Example
F2.4a V-Type and Inverted V-Type Bracing
Ry Fy Ag
0.3 Pn
Ry Fy Ag
Beam-to-column connections:
simple framing
Example
F2.4a V-Type and Inverted V-Type Bracing
Forces acting on beam:
(2) Both flanges of beams must be provided with lateral
braces with a maximum spacing of Lpd
and
wgravity = (1.2 + 0.2 SDS) D + 0.5L
( Ry Fy Ag + 0.3 Pn ) cos
( Ry Fy Ag - 0.3 Pn ) sin
M
Lpd 0.12 0.076 1
M2
Fy
ry
29
30